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Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool(2018) 42: 107-112© TÜBİTAKdoi:10.3906/zoo-1708-38

A new species of Surazomus Reddell and Cokendolpher, 1995(Arachnida: Schizomida) from Rondônia, Brazil

Lidianne SALVATIERRA*Postgraduate Program in Education, State University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil

* Correspondence: lidiannetrigueiro@gmail.com

Schizomids are small arachnids with well-developed, raptorial pedipalps, elongated first legs, and an abdomen ending in a short flagellum, and are commonly named short-tailed whip scorpions (Reddell and Cokendolpher, 2002). They are mainly tropical and subtropical environments inhabitants, and can be found in moist areas in leaf litter or in cavities under logs and rocks. Two families of schizomida are recognized: Protoschizomidae Rowland, 1975 and Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899.

Hubbardiidae is composed of more than 57 extant genera and 301 species (Harvey, 2013; Armas, 2014; Armas and Víquez, 2014; Manzanilla et al. 2014; Moreno-González et al. 2014; Abrams and Harvey, 2015; Armas and Rehfeldt, 2015; Monjaraz-Ruedas and Francke, 2015, 2017; Giupponi et al., 2016; Manzanilla et al., 2016; Pinto-da-Rocha et al. 2016; Moreno-González and Manzanilla, 2017; Teruel, 2017). The genus Surazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995 contains 22 named species, of which eight valid species have been recorded from Brazil (Ruiz and Valente, 2017). This genus is defined by females having a three-segmented flagellum, a pair of two digit-like spermathecae lobes, usually unequal in size, with a distal expansion, absence of a chitinized arc and gonopod, and flagellum of the male dorsoventrally flattened, generally with dorsal sculpturing and conspicuous lateral lobules (Manzanilla et al., 2016).

Currently, eight species of Surazomus have been described from the Brazilian Amazon: Surazomus arboreus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, S. brasiliensis

(Kraus, 1967), S. manaus Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, S. mirim Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, S. rodriguesi Cokendolpher & Reddell, 2000, and S. uarini Santos & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2009 from the State of Amazonas; and S. algodoal Ruiz & Valente, 2017, and S. paitit Bonaldo & Pinto-da-Rocha, 2007 from the State of Pará. Here a new species of Surazomus collected in the State of Rondônia, Brazil, is described.

The nomenclature for flagellum setation follows Harvey (1992), modified by Cokendolpher and Reddell (1992). The terminology for morphological structures follows Reddell and Cokendolpher (1995). The description of the abdominal and cheliceral setae follows the nomenclature proposed by Manzanilla et al. (2016). The cheliceral setal group formula (G1-G2-G3-G4-G5A-G5B-G6-G7) was examined under a light microscope (Leica DM500). Measurements are in millimeters. The specimens were photographed using a Leica M205A stereoscopic microscope equipped with a Leica DFC425 camera and LAS software, and some images were refined using Helicon Focus (version 5.3) software from Helicon Soft Ltd. The images were edited using Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extended (version 11.0.2). Images were used as templates to trace vector graphics in Adobe Illustrator CS4 (version 14.0.0).

The type material has been deposited in the collection of the National Institute of Amazonian Research, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA; curator — C. Magalhães). Abbreviations used in the text and figures: Dm, dorso-medial; Dl, dorso-lateral; Vl, ventro-lateral; Vm, ventro-medial.

Abstract: A new species, Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov., is described based on a male from the State of Rondônia, Brazil. It is characterized by a long, pointed, and curved ventral projection on the pedipalp femur, and a short and conical ventral projection on the pedipalp patella. Moreover, the male flagellum has Vm5 distant from Vl1, lacks Dl2, and the middle portion of the flagellum’s depression is raised and bearing Dm4.

Key words: Schizomida, new species, taxonomy, short-tailed whip scorpions, Amazon

Received: 26.08.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 31.10.2017 Final Version: 10.01.2018

Short Communication

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Family Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899Subfamily Hubbardiinae Cook, 1899Genus Surazomus Reddell & Cokendolpher, 1995Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov.Figures 1–13Type material. Holotype male (INPA): Brazil,

Rondônia, Itapuã do Oeste, Flona do Jamari, 09°11ʹ42.7ʺS, 63°03ʹ35.0ʺW, 08 October 2014, leg: J. A. Rafael and F. F. Xavier Francisco.

Etymology. The specific epithet honors Dr José Albertino Rafael, an eminent professor and researcher at the National Institute of Amazonian Research, Amazonas, Brazil, who also collected the holotype.

Diagnosis. Small species, total length 2.5 mm (flagellum not included). Presence of a long, pointed, and

curved ventral projection on the pedipalp femur (Figures 6 and 7). Presence of a short and conical ventral projection on pedipalp patella (Figures 6 and 7). Male flagellum with Vm5 distant from Vl1 (Figures 12 and 13). Middle portion of flagellum’s depression raised and bearing Dm4 (Figures 8–11). Absence of Dl2 (Figures 8–13).

Description. Male (holotype). Total length 2.5. Coloration. Prosoma light green with anterior portion dark orange-green (Figures 1 and 2). Abdomen, pedipalp, legs, and flagellum light green (Figures 1 and 2). Ventral body pale green (Figure 3). Chelicerae dark orange. Anterior and posterior margins of pedipalps and legs segments orange (Figures 1 and 2). Tarsus segments whitish-green (Figure 1).

Figures 1–3. Habitus of the holotype ♂ Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov. (1), Lateral view; (2) Dorsal view; (3) Ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (1); 0.5 mm (2 and 3).

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Figures 4–7. ♂Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov.: (4) Carapace, dorsal view; (5) Prosoma, ventral view; (6) Pedipalp, retrolateral view; (7) Pedipalp, prolateral view. Scale bars: 0.25 mm (4 and 5); 0.2 mm (6 and 7).

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Figures 8–13. ♂ Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov.: Flagellum. (8 and 9) Lateral view; (10 and 11) Dorsal view; (12 and 13) Ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

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Prosoma. 1.0 long, 0.4 wide. Anterior process of propeltidium with 2 setae (one behind the other) followed by 3 pairs of dorsosubmedian setae transversally oriented; eyespot suboval; metapeltidium divided (Figure 4). Anterior sternum with 13 setae and posterior sternum with 6 setae (Figure 5).

Opisthosoma. 1.5 long, 0.6 wide. Tergite I with one pair of anterior setae; Tergite II with three pairs of anterior microsetae (Ms), and one pair of Dm setae; Tergites III–VII each with one pair of large Dm setae; Tergites VIII with one pair of large Dm setae and one pair of small Dl2 setae; Tergite IX with one pair of Dl1 and Dl2; Segments IV–VIII with Vm2, Vl1, Vl2, and three pairs of anterior setal series; Segments IX–XII with Vm1, Vm2, Vl1, Vl2, and without anterior setal series.

Flagellum. 0.3 long, 0.3 wide. Slightly conspicuous trilobate flagellum, with one Dm1 and Dm4; pair of Dl1 and Dl3 (Figures 8–11); one Vm1, pair of Vm2, Vm4, Vm5, Vl1, and Vl2 (Figures 12 and 13). Dm1 area bulged and curved in direction to a depression; antero-lateral borders of depression bulged (Figures 8–11). Three pairs of microsetae at each side of Dm1 (Figures 10 and 11). Dl3 closer to Vl2 than Dm4 (Figures 8 and 9). Vm2 posterior to Vm1; Vm1 posterior to Vm4; Vm1 closer to Vm4 than from Vm2; Vl1 closer to Vm4 than Vm5; Vl2 posterior to Dl3 in lateral view (Figures 8 and 9).

Chelicera. Movable finger with guard tooth, serrula with 14 hyaline teeth. Fixed finger with five small teeth between large basal and distal tooth. Setal group formula: 3-3-4-3-9-6-1-6. Base of chelicera with one ventral smooth seta.

Pedipalp. Trochanter with apical projection with a seta and mesal spur present; tarsal spur present (Figures 6 and 7).

Measurements. Pedipalp: trochanter 0.31; femur 0.33; patella 0.33; tibia 0.27; tarsus 0.16; total 1.40. Leg

I: trochanter 0.23; femur 0.79; patella 0.91; tibia 0.64; basitarsus 0.25; telotarsus 0.37; total 3.19. Leg II: trochanter 0.15; femur 0.55; patella 0.27; tibia 0.33; basitarsus 0.30; telotarsus 0.32; total 1.92. Leg III: trochanter 0.13; femur 0.49; patella 0.25; tibia 0.24; basitarsus 0.24; telotarsus 0.19; total 1.54. Leg IV: trochanter 0.21; femur 0.87; patella 0.34; tibia 0.55; basitarsus 0.46; telotarsus 0.36; total 2.79.

Female. Unknown.Distribution. Known only from type locality, Itapuã do

Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil.Remarks. Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov. resembles S.

arboreus and S. manaus due to the presence of one single spur on the pedipalpal femur and one ventral knob on the patella (S. paitit has two spurs on the femur and one knob on the patella), but differs by the overall shape of the flagellum (Figures 6 and 7; Reddell and Cokendolpher, 2002: fig. 10, 19). Surazomus rafaeli sp. nov. also shares with S. uarini and S. rodriguesi the male flagellum with a pair of median dorsal depressions (S. algodoal, S. arboreus, S. manaus, and S. mirim present a single median dorsal depression) (Figures 10 and 11; Reddell and Cokendolpher, 2002: fig. 32; Santos and Pinto-da-Rocha, 2009: figs. 1, 7).

Nomenclatural acts: This work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank. The ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) for this publication is: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:95D1DBDF-BD52-4931-B618-C5DAB3415223

AcknowledgmentsThe author would like to thank CAPES for the postdoctoral grant (Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado - PNPD/Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação da Universidade Estadual de Roraima – PPGE/UERR). The author also thanks the Invertebrate Collection of National Institute of Amazonian Research, Amazonas, Brazil, for allowing the use of photographic equipment used in this work.

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