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http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/

Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool(2017) 41: 630-637© TÜBİTAKdoi:10.3906/zoo-1611-32

A new species of Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae) from Iran

Elizabeth A. HUGO-COETZEE1,2,*, Parisa LOTFOLLAHI3, Ayda ABBASI-KALO4, Elnaz MOVAHEDZADE3

1National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa2Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz4Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources,

University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

* Correspondence: lhugo@nasmus.co.za

1. IntroductionOppiidae is one of the largest families of oribatid mites (Subías, 2004). This family is also very species-rich in Iran, with 21 genera and 65 species (including subspecies) recorded (Akrami, 2015; Akrami and Bastan, 2015; Movahedzade et al., 2016), which constitutes almost 17% of the known oribatid mites in this country.

The genus Oxyoppia Balogh & Mahunka, 1969 currently consists of 33 species with a collectively cosmopolitan distribution (except in the Nearctic and boreal regions) (Subías, 2004). Oxyoppia comprises 4 subgenera: Oxyoppia Balogh & Mahunka, 1969 (3 species); Aciculoppia Subías & Rodríguez, 1986 (3 species); Dzarogneta Kulijev, 1978 (14 species); and Oxyoppiella Subías & Rodríguez, 1986 (13 species, 1 subspecies). Only 2 described Oxyoppia species have been recorded from Iran: O. (Dzarogneta) intermedia Subías & Rodríguez, 1986 and O. (Dzarogneta) iranensis Akrami & Subías, 2008.

This paper describes a new species under the name Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) minuscula sp. nov. Previously, an unknown O. (Oxyoppiella) species was recorded for Iran (Keshavarz Jamshidian et al., 2015) with too few specimens to describe it. However, the new species described here differs from the unknown species recorded previously (see short description by Keshavarz Jamshidian et al., 2015). An updated generic and subgeneric diagnosis for Oxyoppia and O. (Oxyoppiella) is given and a key and distribution map to all known O. (Oxyoppiella) species are presented.

2. Materials and methodsSoil samples were taken in wheat fields and grasslands in the Marand region, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran, during mid-September 2014. Samples were taken at the three top horizons and transferred to the laboratory. Mites were extracted with a Berlese funnel, stored in Oudeman’s solution, cleared in Nesbitt’s fluid, and slide-mounted in Hoyer’s medium (see Krantz and Walter, 2009 for compositions).

All measurements are given in micrometers. Body length was measured in dorsal view from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the notogaster. Body width was measured in dorsal view at the widest part. Setae and legs were measured in the view in which they could be best observed. Leg setation is given in the following sequence: trochanter – femur – genu – tibia – tarsus (including famulus). Solenidia are given in brackets. General terminology follows that of Norton and Behan-Pelletier (2009).

3. Results and discussion3.1. Generic diagnosis: Oxyoppia Balogh and Mahunka, 1969 (From Balogh and Mahunka, 1969; Balogh, 1983; Subías and Rodríguez 1986.)

Type species: Oppia spinosa Hammer, 1958.Bothridial seta fusiform, setiform or lanceolate, not

globular; lamellar seta mostly closer to interlamellar seta

Abstract: A new oppiid species (Acari: Oribatida: Oppiidae), Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) minuscula sp. nov. from the Marand region in northwestern East Azerbaijan Province in Iran, is described and illustrated. A new generic (subgeneric) diagnosis of Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) Subías and Rodríguez, 1986 is given, and a key to all known species is provided.

Key words: Generic and subgeneric diagnosis, Iran, key, mites, Oxyoppiinae

Received: 15.11.2016 Accepted/Published Online: 14.02.2017 Final Version: 17.07.2017

Research Article

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than to rostral seta; 0–3 pairs of sigillae between bothridia; humeral region with developed process; notogastral seta c2 mostly well developed, adjacent to humeral process, 9–10 pairs of short to long notogastral setae; 4–6 pairs of genital setae, 1 pair of aggenital, 2 pairs of anal, 3 pairs of adanal setae; lyrifissure iad in various positions; ad1 mostly postanal, ad3 preanal.3.2. Subgeneric diagnosis: Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) Subías and Rodríguez, 1986(From Subías and Rodríguez, 1986 and known species, including new species described below.)

Type: Oppiella polynesia Hammer, 1972.Small species (length 160–287); rostrum not incised

[except possibly O. bituberculata bituberculata (Balogh, 1958), rostrum bidentate in Balogh (1961a), rounded in Mahunka (1983)], lamellar costula present, translamella mostly present [possibly absent in O. vtorovi (Rjabinin, 1987)]; bothridial seta scopulate, fusiform to lanceolate fusiform; interbothridial tubercles present or absent; humeral process distinct, additional crista present or absent; 10 pairs of notogastral setae, c2 present, medially to humeral process, but shorter than other setae, other notogastral setae smooth or ciliate, short to medium in length, position of seta lm to la variable; ad1 postanal.3.3. Description of new species: Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) minuscula sp. nov.(Figures 1A and 1B)Specific diagnosis. Translamella present; weak crista present anterior of notogaster; ciliated notogastral setae, setae lm anteromedially to la; shallow apodeme 4; cerotegumental extensions at pedotectum II present; adanal seta ad3 posteromedially to aggenital seta, ad2 posterior to lyrifissure iad, iad inverse apoanal, almost longitudinally orientated.

Measurements. Holotype (female): length 166, width 81; paratypes, all female (n = 8), length: mean 173 (range 160–180); width: 83 (82–85).

Integument. Body surface smooth; exobothridial region weakly granulated, cerotegumental extensions at pedotectum II.

Prodorsum. Rostrum rounded; rostral seta (ro 8–12) located dorsolaterally, slightly thickened, smooth, lamellar seta (le 6–8) thin, weakly ciliate, interlamellar seta (in 3–6), exobothridial seta (ex 8–9) thin, smooth, le closer to in than to ro, ex inserted on tubercle anterolaterally to bothridium; distinct lamellar costula present, extending from the bothridium to le; curved translamella present, less distinct than lamellar costula, le inserted on tubercle at junction of costula and translamella; interbothridial tubercle present posterior to in, extending to anterolateral of in; bothridium with posterior tubercle; bothridial seta (bs 20–31) fusiform to scopulate, head with 13 to 16 setulae of similar lengths on the outer side, inner side

with very small indistinct cilia; distinct sigillae anterior of bothridium visible, sigillae between in could not be observed.

Notogaster. Distinct humeral process present, additional weak crista present posterior to in; 10 pairs of notogastral setae present, c2 thin, smooth, short (2–3), halfway between humeral process and crista, other setae thin, weakly ciliate, of similar length (7–12), seta lm anteromedially to la; seta lp anteromedially to h3; lyrifissures ia, im distinct (4–7), ia located in humeral process, im longitudinally orientated.

Epimeral region. Seta h (5—6) thin, with 1 cilium, m (4–6), thin, smooth, a could not be observed; all epimeral setae thin, smooth, short, of similar length (3–6); discidium distally weakly triangular, apodeme 4 shallow, i.e. only slightly extending past anterior level of genital plates.

Anogenital region. All setae thin, smooth; 5 pairs of genital setae (2–3), g1 on anterior border of genital plate; 1 pair of aggenital setae (ag 4–5), 2 pairs of anal setae (3–5), 3 pairs of adanal setae (ad 3–6), ad3 posteromedially to ag, ad2 posterior to lyrifissure iad; iad (5–9) thin, curved, inverse apoanal, almost longitudinally orientated.

Legs. Leg IV (85–101) > leg I (80–88) > leg III (65–82) > leg II (60–70); leg setation: leg I: 1-5-2(1)-4(2)-18(2), leg II: 1-5-2(1)-4(1)-13(2), leg III: 2-3-1(1)-3(1)-13, leg IV: 1-2-2-3(1)-10 (see Table for setation detail); morphology of legs, setae, and solenidia similar to that of Oxyoppia mustaciata Kun, 2014, but differs slightly in relative shorter solenidia σ on genua I–III and solenidia φ on tibiae III–IV, setae s and (pv) on tarsus IV thick, fan-shaped.

Etymology. The species is named after the Latin for small, minusculus, since the new species is the smallest of all known O. (Oxyoppiella) species.

Type material. The holotype (IEAM-W-M14-OOM-1) and 4 adult paratypes from wheat field soil, 38°27′28.13″N, 45°51′15.60″E, 1327 m a.s.l.; 3 adult paratypes from wheat field soil, 38°26′37.45″N, 45°53′55.39″E, 1399 m a.s.l.; 1 adult paratype from grassland soil, 38°24′35.27″N, 45°55′21.99″E, 1541 m a.s.l.

The holotype and 7 paratypes are deposited at the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz (Iran), and 1 paratype (IEAM-W-M14-OOM-2) is deposited in the Acarology Collection of the National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa.

Remarks. Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) minuscula sp. nov. is most similar to O. antillensis Mahunka, 1998 in having crista on the notogaster in addition to the humeral process, extended interbothridial tubercles, ciliated notogastral setae, and 5 pairs of genital setae. Oxyoppia minuscula sp. nov. differs from O. antillensis in the junction of the costula and translamella (O. minuscula: translamella at the end of the costula; O. antillensis: costula extends one-third beyond translamella), the position of notogastral seta lm

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relative to la (O. minuscula: anteromedially; O. antillensis: posteromedially), position of adanal seta ad3 relative to aggenital seta (O. minuscula: posteromedially, O. antillensis: posterolaterally). See key below for differentiation of O. minuscula sp. nov. from other species.3.4. Key to species of Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella)(Body sizes in micrometers; for species distribution, see Section 3.5 and Figure 2.)

1. Notogastral seta lm anteromedially to la .................. 2Notogastral seta lm posteromedially to la or slightly

posteromedially to la ............................................................. 32. Translamella distinct, crista present in addition to

the humeral process, seta ad2 posterior to lyrifissure iad, 160–180 × 82–85 ................................. O. minuscula sp. nov.

Translamella indistinct or absent, crista absent, seta ad2 anterior to lyrifissure iad, 229 × 106 ............................................................................................. O. vtorovi (Rjabinin, 1987)

Figure 1. Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) minuscula sp. nov. (legs removed). A: dorsal view, B: ventral view.

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3. Notogastral setae ciliate .............................................. 4Notogastral setae smooth ............................................. 114. Five pairs of genital setae ........................................... 5 Six pairs of genital setae .................................................. 85. Notogastral seta h3 anterolaterally to lp, seta p3

anterolaterally to h2, 108–200 × 80–92 ......................................................................... O. cubana Balogh & Mahunka, 1980

Notogastral setae lp, h3 and p3, h2 almost on a transverse line ........................................................................................... 6

6. Crista present on notogaster in addition to the humeral process, 193–211 × 91–102 ....................................................................................... O. antillensis Mahunka, 1998

Crista absent, only humeral process present ................ 77. Humeral process short, interbothridial tubercle

posterior to interlamellar seta present, interlamellar seta short, 200 × 110 .......................................................................................................................... O. bituberculata bituberculata (Balogh, 1958) (see also Balogh, 1961a; Mahunka, 1983)

Humeral process extending slightly backwards, interbothridial tubercle absent, interlamellar seta minute, 227 × 107 ............................................................................................................... O. bituberculata cognata (Wallwork, 1961)

8. Translamella interrupted medially, lamellar seta on cusp, 287 × 152 ........ O. saskai (Balogh, 1961b) (see also Mahunka, 1983)

Translamella complete, distinct or thin line, lamellar seta inserted in the junction between costula and translamella ............................................................................ 9

9. Humeral process extending backwards as a thin line, aggenital setae shorter than adanal setae, body surface punctuate, 205–240 × 115–125 ........................................... O. polynesia (Hammer, 1972) (see also Subías and Sarkar, 1983)

Humeral process short, aggenital setae of similar length than adanal setae, body surface smooth ........................... 10

10. Costula smooth, converging, interbothridial tubercles reduced, length 250 .................................................................................................... O. baliensis (Hammer, 1982)

Costula indented, almost parallel, strong interbothridial

tubercle present, which almost reaches interlamellar seta, 220–229 × 114–119 .................... O. struthio Mahunka, 1983

11. Costula does not extend beyond translamella ..... 12Costula extends beyond translamella ......................... 13 12. Costula and translamella connected with intricate

loops, notogastral seta lm far posteromedial to la, seta lp posteromedial to h3, 205–235 × 101–119 ......................................................................................... O. mustaciata Kun, 2014

Costula and translamella meeting normally, notogastral seta lm slightly posteromedial to la, seta lp anteromedial to h3, length 250 .................. O. suramericana (Hammer, 1958)

13. Interbothridial tubercle present, lamellar seta inserted at the junction of costula and translamella, stalk of bothridial seta short, 236–252 × 124–132 ........................................................................... O. spiculifera Mahunka, 1985

Interbothridial tubercle absent or represented by short crest, lamellar seta inserted anterior of junction of costula and translamella, stalk of bothridial seta long .................. 14

14. Interbothridial tubercle reduced to longitudinal crest, humeral process small, notogastral seta lp anteromedial to h3, 275 × 135 ........................................................................ O. crassata Mahunka & Mahunka-Papp, 2012

Interbothridial tubercle absent, humeral process extending backwards up to level of notogastral seta la, seta lp posteromedial to or on transverse level with h3, length 280 ............................................. O. scalifera (Hammer, 1958)3.5. Known distribution of Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) species (Figure 2)Species of this subgenus mostly occur in the southern hemisphere or close to the equator, while it is absent in northern parts of the world.

O. antillensis: Antilles (St Lucia) (Mahunka, 1998) O. baliensis: Bali (Hammer, 1982)O. bituberculata bituberculata: Angola (Balogh 1958,

1961a); Ghana (Wallwork 1961a, 1961b); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Noti et al., 1996); sub-Antarctic islands: Saint Paul and New Amsterdam (Travé, 1973; Travé and De Bovée, 1989)

Table. Leg setation and solenidia of Oxyoppia (Oxyoppiella) minuscula sp. nov.

Leg Trochanter Femur Genu Tibia Tarsus

I v’ d, (l), v’, bv” (l), σ (l), (v), φ1, φ2 (ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), (pl), ε, ω1, ω2

II v’ d, (l), v’, bv” (l), σ (l), (v), φ (ft), (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2

III l’, v’ d, l’, ev’ l’, σ l’, (v), φ (ft), (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

IV v’ d, ev’ d, l’ l’, (v), φ ft”, (tc), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters refer to solenidia (except ε to famulus), parentheses indicate pairs of setae. Setae on the anterior side of a leg segment are indicated with a single accent (‘) and setae on the posterior side with a double accent (“).

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O. bituberculata cognata: Ghana (Wallwork, 1961a)O. crassata: Madagascar (Mahunka and Mahunka-

Papp, 2012)O. cubana: Cuba (Balogh and Mahunka, 1980; Ermilov

et al., 2016); Chile (Covarrubias, 2009); Brazil (Franklin et al., 2006)

O. minuscula sp. nov.: Iran O. mustaciata: Argentina (Kun, 2014) O. polynesia: Polynesia (Tahiti) (Hammer, 1972);

Paraguay (Balogh and Mahunka, 1981); Brazil (Franklin et al., 2006; Ermilov and Tolstikov, 2015); Ecuador (Ermilov et al., 2013), Panama (Subías et al., 2004); Cambodia (Ermilov and Niedbała, 2013); India (Subías and Sarkar, 1983); Philippines (Corpuz-Raros and Lit, 2005)

O. saskai: Tanzania (Balogh, 1961b); Democratic Republic of the Congo (Noti et al. 1996)

O. scalifera: Argentina (Hammer, 1958; Martínez and Velis, 2000; Kun, 2014); Peru (Hammer, 1961); Philippines (Corpuz-Raros, 1979, 1992; Corpuz-Raros and Gruèzo, 2005)

O. spiculifera: South Africa (Mahunka, 1985); India (Mondal and Kundu, 1999)

O. struthio: Tanzania (Mahunka, 1983)O. suramericana: Various places in Argentina

(Hammer, 1958, 1961; Balogh and Csiszár, 1963; Martínez and Velis, 2000; Martinez et al., 2009; Kun et al., 2010; Kun 2014); Bolivia (Hammer, 1958); Chile (Hammer, 1962a, 1962b); Peru (Hammer, 1962a); Panama (Schatz, 2006); Galapagos Islands (Schatz 1998, 2006); India (Bhaduri and Raychaudhuri, 1981); New Zealand (Hammer, 1968; Spain and Luxton, 1971; Minor et al., 2016); Australia (Colloff and Halliday, 1998)

O. vtorovi: China/Kyrgyzstan (Rjabinin, 1987)Nomenclatural actsThis work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have

been registered in ZooBank. The ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID) for this publication is: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:461B268E-21E2-4FBE-ABEF-0B943FD90FA5

AcknowledgmentThis research was partially supported by Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran.

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