A New Party In Power

The Election of 1800

- Neither candidate traveled aroundthe country for support

- Campaigning consisted of peoplewriting letters

- Each side used personal attacks

- Adams called Jefferson “godless”

- Jefferson said Adams wanted a monarchy

TIE VOTE

- Electors were told to cast two ballots (didn’t say which candidate was president and which was vice).

- Burr and Jefferson tied at 73 votes

- Tie vote means the House of Representatives decides who is the next president.

- Federalists supported Burr because they hated Jefferson.

- The House voted 35 times until the tie was broke and Jefferson won!

Deal With It

Twelfth Amendment

- Passed so that the House would not have to break a tie between the Presidential and Vice-Presidential candidates

- Passed in 1803

- Said electors cast 1 vote for president and 1 vote for vice-president

Judiciary Act of 1801

- Days before Jefferson became president, Adams appointed hundreds of federalist judges to positions

- How would this impact the judicial system?

- Before the appointments became official, the judges needed to receive their papers called commissions

- Jefferson told his secretary of state not to deliver them.

- Led to Supreme Court case called Marbury v. Madison

Marbury v. Madison

- One judge who did not receive his commision was William Marbury

- Marbury asked the Supreme Court to force Madison to deliver his commission

- John Marshall (who was appointed by Adams) presided over the case as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

- Court said that the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional

- This case gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review

John Marshall as Chief Justice

- Federalist

- Expanded federal government

- Key cases

1)McColloch v. Maryland - State gov’t can’t tax federal gov’t

2)Gibbons v. Ogden - Federal law overrides state law when it affects multiple states

3)Worcester v. Georgia - Only federal government can regulate Native Americans

Principles of Judicial Review

- To understand Judicial Review you must know:

1)Constitution is the supreme law of the land

2)Constitution > any other law

3)Judicial Branch can declare laws unconstitutional

Jefferson’s Inauguration

- Jefferson wore regular clothes (think if Obama took the oath in jeans and a t-shirt)

- Adams did not attend the inauguration

- Jefferson wanted “a wise and frugal government” and to support state government

- Thought state gov’t > federal gov’t

Jefferson as President

- Brought on Albert Gallatin as Secretary of the Treasury

- Thought debt was always bad and wanted to get rid of it immediately.

- Reduced the national debt and cut military expenses

- Cut the size of federal government so only a few hundred people worked for it

- Got rid of most taxes

- Only collected tariffs

- Under Jefferson gov’t got money through tariffs and selling western lands