A New Competitive Liquid Biofuel for Heating COMBIO · A New Competitive Liquid Biofuel for Heating COMBIO ... CSGI, Italy Patrizio Massoli, Istituto Motori - CNR, Italy Eva-Katrin

BIO-ENERGYENLARGED PERSPECTIVES

BIO-ENERGYENLARGED PERSPECTIVESBIO-ENERGYENLARGED PERSPECTIVES

A New Competitive Liquid Biofuel for HeatingCOMBIO

Yrjö Solantausta, VTT Processes, FinlandSteven Gust, Fortum Oil and Gas Oy, Finland

Piero Baglioni, CSGI, ItalyPatrizio Massoli, Istituto Motori - CNR, Italy

Eva-Katrin Lindman, Fortum Värme AB, SwedenTimo Nyrönen, Vapo Oy, Finland

Gianluca Tondi, ETA, Italy

Budapest ,16-17 October 2003


Introduction

• The aim of the project is to verify a new liquid biofuel chainfor heat production in existing boilers currently fired withmineral heating oils.

• Project duration 36 monts, started 1.1.2003

• Project budget 2 350 000 €, EC support 1 295 000 €


Summary of Objectives• Generation of process performance data of bioenergy chain

– Feedstock production and preparation– Pyrolysis liquid production (pilot-scale)– Pyrolysis liquid in boiler use (fundamentals, boiler tests, field tests)

• Improving pyrolysis liquid fuel quality. Two maintechnologies are studied: emulsions and hot vapour filtration(HVF).

• Improving economic competitiveness of the bioenergy chain.The target is to produce close to fuel oil prices, and to competewith other renewable alternatives (chips, wood pellets).


Specific Objectives• Generation of process performance data (proof of a concept) of pilot-

scale pyrolysis liquid (PL) production.• Defining three classes of preliminary PL fuel specifications.• Generation and reporting of performance and emission data of various

boilers in long term tests. Three sizes of boilers are used: 2-10 MWth, 0.2- 1 MWth, and 10-20 kWth. Generation of fundamental PL combustiondata to assist in developing higher quality fuels with less emissions isperformed.

• Improving PL fuel quality in PDU-scale. The fuel properties, which needmost development, are homogeneity, stability, solids content, pH, heatingvalue, and viscosity. Two main technologies are studied: emulsions and hotvapour filtration (HVF).

• Improving economic competitiveness of the bioenergy chain. The targetis to be able to produce close to fuel oil prices (October 2002 price for lightfuel oil without taxes in EU was about 8 Euro/GJ, or 28 Euro/MWh), andto compete with other renewable alternatives (chips, wood pellets).


ETA has applied GIS models to simulate theproduction, collection and transport ofbiomass to bio-energy plants

Case study for Southern EuropeDissemination: Web-site andbrochure

ETA

The leading Finnish bioenergy producerdeveloping PL together with Fortum

Feedstock delivery anddevelopmentAssessment of feedstcok potential

Vapo Oy

One of the largest utilities in Sweden,provides district heat in Stockholm

PL utilisationFortum Värme

A leading laboratory studying fundamentals ofcombustion

Reduction of PL combustionemissions

IM - CNR

A leading European Institution working onemulsions, dispersions, ect with a recentpatent on PL emulsions

Production of emulsionsDesign/construction of theemulsifier

CGSI

Industrial company (net sales EUR 11,026million, employees 16,200) with a businessplan to consider commercial PL production

Commercial aspectsPilot-production of PLBoiler tests

Fortum Oil &Gas

R&D organisation (3000 employers, turnoverEUR 200 million) specialised in bioenergyapplications

Co-ordinatorPL specifications as fuelPL quality improvement, HVF

VTTProcesses

NatureRoleParticipants

Partners


Advantages of Fast Pyrolysis● The possibility to decouple solid biofuel handling from

utilisation (reduced capital & operation costs)● Storability of liquid fuels● Transportation of liquids is cost effective● Use of pyrolysis liquid in existing boilers● Less emissions in boiler use compared to solid fuels due to

better control● Intermittent operation feasible● Pyrolysis liquid is the least cost liquid biofuel, and its CO2-

balance is clearly positive● Light fuel oil may be replaced, which releases middle

distillates to be used for transportation


One Example ofBiofuel Use: Heating

Within a City

Resource supply

Pyrolysis

Use of Biofuel

•Residues from wood industry(incl. forestry residues) are usedas feedstock•Conversion to pyrolysis liquidpreferably at an existing plant site•Transportation of liquid fuel tousers•Potential users medium sizeboilers (0.2 - 1 MWth) replacingpreferably light fuel oil


VTTCo-ordination5.3

ETADissemination5.2

VTTTechno-economic assessment and case studies5.1

Co-ordination5

VTTHot vapour filtration4.2

CSGIEmulsion production4.1

Quality improvement4

Fortum VärmeLarge boiler3.4

Fortum OGSmall boiler3.3

Fortum OGMedium boiler3.2

IMLaboratory scale combustion3.1

Utilisation3

VTTSpecifications for PL2

Fortum OGPilot performance1.2

VapoFeedstock delivery and assessment1.1

Pilot production1

WP leaderWP titleWP No

Work Packages within the Project


CO2

Forest industryresiduesand wastes

Heating

CO2 neutral = no CO2 taxLiquid biofuel = simple, easy to use

Efficient processes = economical heatingLow emissions = use in urban areas

Forestera� plant

Renewable Heating Oil


Production of PyrolysisLiquid in Pilot Scale,

Fortum & Vapo


Combustion Stages of Pure Pyrolysis Liquid


Typical Emissions from Small Scale CombustionForestera™ data from test production

1) Method used SP-1686. Difference Between measured value and background were too small. Background ~1 mg / MJ2) Measuring method used not known3) NOx comes from biomass N, typically 50 - 300 mg/MJ. In bigger boiler (10-300 MW) one can use NOx reduction technology4) Method used SP-1686, Analysis EPA 6105) Information from 1986

Boiler size

Heating oilTempera ™ 15

500 kW

Forestera ™

300 kW

Heavy fuel oilMastera ™ 180

1 MW

Wood chips

1,5 MW

Wood pellets

20 kW

Flue gas oxygen (%)CO (mg/ MJ)NOx (mg/MJ)Tar (mg/MJ)PAH ( mg/MJ)

4103000

415

30-100 3)

~01)

84)

415

100-15001

5-10100-500030-100 3)

<20 2)

2000 5)

8-1250-100030-100 3)

<10 2)

1000 5)


Comparison of LFO-PL emulsions with (left) andwithout (right) additive


First Tasks● First 4 m3 (approximately 5 tonnes) pyrolysis liquid produced

and shipped to user sites● The solids content during production varied from 0.15 to 0.25

weight percent.● Solids were reduced to less than 0.05 % for field tests, which

are carried out in a LFO boiler.● Two initial emulsions have been produced and shipped for

laboratory combustion tests.● Laboratory combustion, HFO-boiler, emulsion production, and

hot-vapour filtration units are modified or under construction.● First version of web-pages published.


Timo Nyrö[email protected]

Vapo OyPL 20FIN-40101 Jyväskylä

Gianluca [email protected]

ETA - Energia Transporti Agricolture S.r.l.Piazza Savonarola 10I-50132 Florence

Eva-Katrin [email protected]

AB Fortum Värme samägt med Stockholms stadTegeluddsvägen 1S-11577 Stockholm

Patrizio [email protected]

Istituto Motori - CNRViale Marconi 8I-80125 Napoli

Piero [email protected]

Conzorzio interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo deiSistemi a Grande Interfase - CSGIVia della Lastruccia 3I-50119 Sesto Fiorentino - Florence

Steven [email protected]

Fortum Oil and Gas OyP.O. Box 310FIN-06101 Porvoo

Yrjö [email protected]

VTT ProcessesPO Box 1601FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo

Contacts http://www.combio-project.com/

Documents

A New Competitive Liquid Biofuel for Heating COMBIO · A New Competitive Liquid Biofuel for Heating COMBIO ... CSGI, Italy Patrizio Massoli, Istituto Motori - CNR, Italy Eva-Katrin