Upload
phambao
View
224
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
A NEW CLASS OF MICROWAVE FILTER WITH DEFECTED MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE (DMS)
MEGAT MUHAMMAD NAZREEN BIN MEGAT ARIF FADILLAH
This report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Telecommunications Electronics) With
Honours
Faculty of Electronics and Computer Engineering
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
June 2014
i
UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN
KOMPUTER
BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PROJEK SARJANA MUDA II
Tajuk Projek : A NEW CLASS OF MICROWAVE FILTER WITH DEFECTED
MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE (DMS) ………………………………………………………………………………
Sesi Pengajian : 1 3 / 1 4
Saya MEGAT MUHAMMAD NAZREEN BIN MEGAT ARIF FADILLAH ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (HURUF BESAR) mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut:
1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka.
2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja.
3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara
institusi pengajian tinggi.
4. Sila tandakan ( √ ) :
SULIT* *(Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972)
TERHAD** **(Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan)
TIDAK TERHAD
Disahkan oleh:
__________________________ ___________________________________ (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (COP DAN TANDATANGAN PENYELIA)
Tarikh: ……………………….. Tarikh: ………………………..
ii
DECLARATION
I hereby, declared this report entitle “A NEW CLASS OF MICROWAVE FILTER
WITH DEFECTED MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE (DMS)” is the results of my own
research except as cited in the references
Signature :
Author: MEGAT MUHAMMAD NAZREEN BIN MEGAT ARIF FADILLAH
Date :
iii
APPROVAL
“I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is
sufficient in terms of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic
Engineering (Telecommunication Electronics) With Honors”
Signature :
Supervisor’s Name : DR. ZAHRILADHA BIN ZAKARIA
Date :
iv
DEDICATION
“In the Name of Allah, the most Beneficent, the Most Merciful”
Special dedication to my beloved parents,
Megat Arif Fadillah Bin Megat Abdul Aziz & Roshidah Binti Mohamed
My supporting siblings:
Puteri Anis Arina Binti Megat Arif Fadillah
Megat Muhammad Heikal Bin Megat Arif Fadillah
Puteri Aleeya Binti Megat Arif Fadillah
Puteri Aleena Binti Megat Arif Fadillah
To my supervisor
Dr Zahriladha b. Zakaria,
My friends and my fellow lecturers
Thank you for all your care, support and believe in me
v
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, I thank God for giving me all kinds of opportunities in completing this
project. Without a long life, wisdom is able to function as well as the spirit given; I
may not be able to complete this project well. I have taken all my efforts to complete
this thesis. However, it cannot been done without the full help and kind support from
many individuals. Thus, I would like to extent my sincere to all of them who are
being helping and guiding me in completing this thesis. Not least for my respectful
and experienced supervisor, Dr Zahriladha bin Zakaria, I highly indebted to him for
the constant supervision and guidance in completing this thesis and giving me the
opportunity to be your student supervision. Lastly, I am thankful to student master
Mr Ariffin Mutallib, Mr Sam Weng Yik and Miss Nur Aishah Zainuddin for
facilitate my work during completing this thesis and make everyone generous to help
me nicely.
vi
ABSTRACT
A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) band-pass filter suitable for a short distance
and high-rate such as UWB radar systems for military, medical and civilian is
presented. However, undesired radio signal such as Wireless LAN and WiMAX in the
range UWB band that can interfere UWB signal. Thus, this project is to design and
developed five order band-pass filter by using optimum distributed high-pass
integrated with Defected Micro-strip Structure (DMS) been used to produce a band
reject characteristics simultaneously in UWB response. This design is simulated by
ADS software and using Roger Duroid 4350 with a dielectric constant 3.48, thickness
of substrate 0.508 mm and loss tangent 0.0019. The proposed UWB filters are verified
by experiments and fabricated. Measurement for UWB filter implemented using the
Agilent Vector Network Analyzer. The filter exhibits an ultra-wideband response from
2.238 to 9.842GHz with a return loss S11 better than 10 dB and insertion loss S21 less
than 1 dB respectively, and the DMS exhibit a band rejects response better than 20dB
at a frequency of 5.6 GHz. The proposed filter has better performance and is attractive
for UWB application and able to reject undesired frequency in UWB communication.
vii
ABSTRAK
Sebuah ultra luas jalur penapis laluan jalur yang padat sesuai dengan aplikasi
jarak pendek dan ketinggian kedar data seperti UWB system radar untuk ketentaraan,
perubatan dan awam dipersembahkan. Namun begitu, isyarat radio yang tidak diingin
seperti LAN tanpa wayar dan WiMAX berada di dalam jarak ultra luas alur yang boleh
menyebabkan gangguan pada isyarat ultra luas jalur. Dengan itu, reka bentuk dan
penghasilan sebuah lima perintah penapis laluan jalur dengan menggunakan optimum
diedarkan jalur tinggi bersepadu bersama dengan kecacatan struktur mikro-strip yang
digunakan untuk menghasilkan jalur menolak yang bercirikan serentak didalam respon
ultra luas jalur. Reka bentuk ini disimulasikan dengan perisian ADS dan menggunakan
Roger Duriod 4350 dengan pemalar dielektrik 3.48, ketebalan substrat 0.508mm dan
kehilangan tanjen 0.0019. Penapis UWB yang dicadangkan adalah disahkan oleh
eksperimen dan dibina. Pengukuran untuk penapis UWB dilaksanakan menggunakan
Agilent Vector Network Analyzer. Penapis mempamerkan ultra luas jalur respon dari
2.338 sehinnga 9.842 GHz dengan kehilangan pulangan S11 baik daripada 10dB dan
kehilangan masukkan S21 kurang daripada 1 dB dan DMS mempamerkan respon jalur
menolak baik daripada 20 dB pada kekerapan 5.6 GHz. Penapis yang dicadangkan
mempunyai prestasi yang lebih baik dan menarik untuk aplikasi UWB dan mampu
untuk menolak frekuensi yang tidak diingini dalam komunikasi UWB.
viii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER CONTENT PAGES
TITLE i
DECLARATION ii
APPROVAL iii
DEDICATION iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT v
ABSTRACT vi
ABSTRAK vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
LIST OF FIGURES xi
LIST OF TABLES xv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES xvii
1 INTRODUCTIONS
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 PROJECT OBJECTIVES 2
1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2
1.4 SCOPE OF WORK 3
1.5 CHAPTER REVIEW 3
ix
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ULTRA-WIDEBAND (UWB) 5
2.1.1 UWB RF SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 6
2.2 INTRODUCTION OF FILTER 7
2.3 TYPE OF FILTER 8
2.4 MICRO-STRIP 8
2.4.1 CHARACTERISTIC IMPEDANCE OF 9
MICRO-STRIP LINE
2.5 MICRO-STRIP FILTER 9
2.5.1 PARALLEL-COUPLED FILTER 10
2.5.2 HAIRPIN FILTER 10
2.5.3 INTER-DIGITAL FILTER 11
2.5.4 COMB-LINE FILTER 11
2.5.5 SHUNT SHORT-CIRCUITED STUBS FILTER 12
2.5.6 OPTIMUM DISTRIBUTED HIGH-PASS FILTER 13
2.6 NOTCH RESPONSE 13
2.6.1 DEFECTED GROUND STRUCTURE 14
2.6.2 DEFECTED MICRO-STRIP STRUCTURE 15
2.7 RELATED RESEARCH 16
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 METHODOLOGY 20
3.2 DESIGNING UWB BAND-PASS 22
3.2.1 FILTER SPECIFICATION 23
3.2.2 CALCULATION UWB BAND-PASS FILTER 24
3.2.3 MODELLING PROCESS 26
3.2.4 MICROSTRIP UWB BAND-PASS FILTER 27
3.2.5 LAYOUT STRUCTURE 28
3.3 DEFECTED MICROSTRIP STRUCTURE 28
x
3.3.1 PARAMETRIC STUDY 29
3.4 INTEGRATED BAND-PASS FILTER WITH DMS 29
3.5 FABRICATION AND MEASUREMENT 30
4 RESULT & DISCUSSION
4.1 UWB BAND-PASS IDEAL STRUCTURE 32
4.2 MICROSTRIP UWB BAND-PASS FILTER 33
4.2.1 MICROSTRIP UWB BAND-PASS WITH 35
T-JUNCTION AND VIA HOLE
4.2.2 SYMMETRIC WIDTH AND LENGTH 38
MICROSTRIP UWB BAND-PASS FILTER
4.3 PHYSICAL MICROSTRIP UWB BAND-PASS FILTER 40
4.4 PARAMETRIC STUDIES DEFECTED MICROSTRIP 42
STRUCTURE
4.5 UWB BAND-PASS INTEGRATED DMS 44
4.6 PHYSICAL MICROSTRIP UWB BAND-PASS FILTER 46
INTEGRATED WITH DMS
5 CONCLUSION
5.1 CONCLUSION 48
5.2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 49
5.3 COMMERCIALIZATION 50
5.4 FUTURE WORK 50
xii
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure 2.1: FCC Frequency Mask for UWB Applications 6
Figure 2.2: Basic Filter Responses [1] (a) Low Pass (b) High Pass 8
(c) Band-Pass (d)Band-Stop
Figure 2.3 Microstrip structure 9
Figure 2.4: Parallel coupled filter 10
Figure 2.5: Interdigital filter 11
Figure 2.6: Structure of comb-line filter 12
Figure 2.7: Transmission line band-pass filter with 12
quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs
Figure 2.8: Optimum distributed high-pass filter 13
Figure 2.9: Notch response 14
Figure 2.10: Defected ground structure U-shape 15
Figure 2.11: Defected microstrip structure 15
Figure 2.12: Structure of the UWB Bandpass Filter with DGS 17
Figure 2.13: (a) Fabrication UWB BPF (b) UWB with notch band result 18
Figure 2.14: (a) UWB BPF structure (b) UWB with notch band result 18
Figure 2.15: (a) Geometry of the proposed UWB notch filter 19
(b) Simulated S-parameter
Figure 2.16: (a) Fabrication of the proposed UWB notch filter 19
(b) Simulated S-parameter
Figure 3.1: Flow chart for whole process project 21
xiii
Figure 3.2: Flow chart designing UWB band-pass filter 22
Figure 3.3: Modelling ideal an UWB band-pass 26
Figure 3.4: Line-Calc 27
Figure 3.5: Micro-strip UWB band-pass filter 28
Figure 3.6: Layout Structure 28
Figure 3.7: Defected micro-strip structure 29
Figure 3.8: band-pass filter without defaced 30
Figure 3.9: band-pass filter with defaced 30
Figure 3.10: Transformation of layout structure into CorelDraw software 30
Figure 3.11: Network analyzer and fabricated BPF under testing 31
Figure 4.1: Ideal structure 33
Figure 4.2: Simulation result for ideal structure 33
Figure 4.3: Microstrip schematic for UWB band-pass filter 34
Figure 4.4: Simulation result for microstrip UWB band-pass schematic 34
Figure 4.5: Layout UWB band-pass filter structure 34
Figure 4.6: Simulation result for microstrip UWB band-pass layout 35
Figure 4.7: Microstrip schematic for UWB band-pass filter with 35
T-junction and via-hole
Figure 4.8: Simulation result for microstrip UWB band-pass filter with 37
T-junction and via hole
Figure 4.9: Layout UWB band-pass filter structure with T-junction and via-hole 37
Figure 4.10: Simulation result for microstrip UWB band-pass filter with 37
T-junction and via-hole layout
Figure 4.11: Comparison simulation layout between structure with and 38
without T-junction and via-hole
Figure 4.12: Microstrip schematic for UWB band-pass filter 39
Figure 4.13: Simulation result for microstrip UWB band-pass filter 39
schematic with symmetric width and length
Figure 4.14: Layout UWB band-pass filter structure layout 40
Figure 4.15: Simulation result of microstrip UWB band-pass filter layout 40
with symmetric width and length
Figure 4.16: Photograph of the fabricated UWB BPF 41
xiv
Figure 4.17: Measurement result of the fabricated UWB BPF 41
Figure 4.18: Comparison measurement and simulation result of UWB BPF 42
Figure 4.19: C-shape DMS 42
Figure 4.20: U-shape DMS 42
Figure 4.21: Resonance frequency C-shape 43
Figure 4.22: Resonance frequency U-shape 43
Figure 4.23: Layout UWB band-pass integrated 44
C-shape DMS
Figure 4.24: Simulation result UWB band-pass 44
integrated C-shape DMS
Figure 4.25: Layout UWB band-pass integrated U-shape DMS 45
Figure 4.26: Simulation result UWB band-pass integrated U-shape DMS 45
Figure 4.27 Photograph of the fabricated UWB BPF 46
integrated with U-shape DMS
Figure 4.28: Measurement result of the fabricated UWB band-pass filter 47
with U-shape DMS
Figure 4.29: Comparison between simulation and measurement result 47
xv
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1: Filter specification 23
Table 3.2: Roger Duriod 4350 properties 23
Table 3.3: Element values of UWB transmission filter with 25
short-circuited stub with passband ripple 0.1dB
Table 3.4: Value impedance and micro-strip band-pass filter structure 27
Table 3.5: DMS specification 29
Table 4.1 Value of width and length micro-structure microstrip 36
band-pass filter after through tuning process
Table 4.2: Symemtric width and length 39
xvi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
UWB - Ultra wide-band
BPF - Band-pass filter
DMS - Defected Microstrip Structure
DGS - Defected Ground Structure
EBG - Electromagnetic band gap
WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network
WiMAX - Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
ADS - Advance Design System
RF - Radio Frequency
FCC - Federal Communication Commission
xvii
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE PAGES
A INOTEK EXHIBITION 2014 POSTER 55
B INOTEK 2014 AWARD 56
C GANTT CHART 57
1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
In 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the use of
ultra-wideband (UWB) (range of 3.1-10.6 GHz) for commercial purposes [2]. Ultra-
wide band (UWB) systems have been receiving wide attention from both academia
and industry for the prominent advantages, such as high speed data rate, extremely low
spectral power density and high precision ranging[3].Recently, the development of
new UWB filters has increased via different methods and structures[4]. Sharp
selectivity and capabilities to avoid interference from existing radio signals are highly
demanded to the UWB BPF within the range defined by the FCC [3]. Recently there
is a much interest in developing of high-performance microwave components using
slow-wave structure, such as electromagnetic band gap (EBG), structures defected
ground structures (DGS) and detected microstrip structures. They have attracted the
2
interest of many researchers, due to their interesting properties in terms of size
miniaturization, suppression of surface wave and arbitrary stop bands [3].
DMS is made by etching certain slot patterns in the microstrip line, and it exhibits
the properties of slow-wave, rejecting microwaves in certain frequencies that are
similar to the defected ground structure (DGS) but without any manipulation of the
ground plane. It is possible to design UWB filter integrated with defected microstrip
structure (DMS) resonator to produce band pass and notch response simultaneously.
1.2 Problem statement
The UWB radios typically communicate with short pulses or cycles on the order
of nanoseconds, spreading their energy over a wide swath of bandwidth, as opposed
to modulated sinusoids whose energy is localized around a single frequency [6]. In
2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the use of ultra-wide
band (UWB) for commercial communication applications. Ultra-Wide Band (UWB)
is a promising technology with a large bandwidth, good ratio of transmission data low
power cost with short distance application such as medical application [5]. However,
radio signals such as the Wi-MAX (3.5-GHz band), wireless local-area network
(WLAN) (5.2 and 5.8 GHz bands), and 6.8 GHz RF identification (RFID)
communication in the range UWB band [5]. Thus, the signal interference in UWB
communication will occur and cause the accuracy of the data reception will decrease.
1.3 Objective of project
The objectives of this project are to design a UWB band-pass filter integrated with
the notch response using a circuit theoretic and parametric study. This theoretical
method is used for calculating the transmission line and resonance line to achieve
3
accuracy of UWB frequency response. A notch response where it involves the DMS
to reconfigure at any desired resonant frequencies. To implement it, the capabilities of
DMS to reconfigure at an arbitrary frequency have been investigated. This project has
potential to be applied in the UWB application such to remove the undesired
frequencies that interfere the UWB systems.
1.4 Scope of project
This project involves the synthesis technique for microwave filters to be applied in
designing the band-pass filter. The research processes are based on the review studies
of Ultra-Wideband filter and DMS technology. The simulation process includes the
design of layout, simulation and optimizes the frequency response that already
targeted. The simulation part is carried out using the Advance Design System (ADS)
to simulate the synthesis technique of band-pass filter. The band-pass filter will be
simulated in term of its return loss level, insertion loss level, bandwidth and it provides
ultra wideband frequency from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz with minimum stop-band
insertion loss of -15dB. The DMS technology is carried out using a parametric study
to provide the shape and better performance in term of selectivity and designed at a
frequency of 5.6 GHz with a band reject response better than 20 dB with a 700 MHz
bandwidth characteristic using the Advance Design System (ADS) software. Then
fabrication and valuation process of band-pass filter integrated with notch response.
1.5 Chapter Review
Chapter 1 describes the general overview of this project. This chapter presents the
objectives, problem statement and review of all chapters of this thesis. Chapter 2
describes the introductions to the filter and detected microstrip structure is presented.
This chapter will explain the basic concept of the filter response. Then the introduction
4
of the type of filter and design will be introduced. This chapter also gives the
information about the parameter and synthesis technique involved in this filter design
project.
The design process in this project presented in Chapter 3 knows as methodology.
The methodology involves the procedure of designing UWB filter and DMS design.
Tuning and optimization process that involved in this project. The results are presented
in chapter 4 where it involves the calculation, parametric study of filter and DMS, the
theoretical, simulated and experimental result are also shown in this chapter.
Chapter 5 will present the conclusion of this project. After all the theoretical,
simulated and experimental result is achieved, the conclusion comes to conclude the
overall project achievement and also the future work involved.
5
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter, it describes findings on a literature review of the project. Overall, it
covers related research from UWB application. The chapter starts with the basic theory
and fundamental of the filter. The basic understanding of the parameters and the basics
of microwave filter must be clearly made before continuing on understanding the
project. The most important part of this chapter is emphasizing literature on different
technique designing band-pass filter. Hence, all the information related to this project
has been put in this chapter.
2.1 Ultra-Wideband (UWB)
The ability to transmitting data over a huge spectrum of frequency bands for
short distances with very low power and high data rates in wireless technology are
using Ultra-wideband system. The operation of sending and receiving extremely short
bursts of RF energy to be use it. For high data transmission rates of up to 1 G-bps can
be realized by UWB technology. Furthermore, the UWB wave capable of operating in
good condition although there are barriers in spaces. Advantages of UWB systems in
6
terms of huge bandwidth, immunity to multipath and low cost equipment makes the
system can overcome the narrowband systems as well as high data rates. The use of
the low noise amplifier (LNA), microwave filters, antennas and components matching
used in the RF front end with the required bandwidth for RF hardware. In RF hardware
and digital included in one of the UWB transceiver system. In 2002, the Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) approved the use of ultra-wide band (UWB)
from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz for commercial communication applications. According to
the FCC indoor limit that is seen in Fig 2.1, the FCC Frequency Mask mainly requires
the following rejection specs for an UWB filter design in -10 dB minimum rejection
at 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz [32].
Figure 2.1: FCC Frequency Mask for UWB Applications [32]
2.1.1 UWB RF Systems and Application
The UWB radios typically communicate with short pulses or cycles on the
order of nanoseconds, spreading their energy over a wide swath of bandwidth, as
opposed to modulated sinusoids whose energy is localized around a single frequency
[6]. For short-range data transmission in wireless connectivity between computing
devices can be implemented effectively using UWB technology. Many applications in
wireless technology have been focused on narrowband implementations. Technology
requirements of UWB systems present differences from the narrow band ones.