A naturally occurring solid made of minerals or mineral like matterMeans that a rock can be made of many

minerals or just one mineral. Every mineral is a rock, but not every rock is a mineralSome rocks are made of no minerals

Example: Coal (made of once living materials)Since Earth is a system, then must conclude

that the rocks that make up this Earth are part of this system that interact with each other in order to make new and different rock types

Rock

Rock CycleContinuous changing of one rock type into

another rock typeThree types of rocks in the rock cycle are

igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphicALL OF THESE ROCK TYPES ARE

CLASSIFIED BY THEIR ORIGINS (HOW THEY WERE FORMED)

*** Rocks DO NOT have to complete the entire circle in order to become other rocks**

Power for the Rock CycleAll power for this cycle comes from the two

main power sources on Earth1. Sun Powers and adds energy for anything

on the surface of the EarthRocks’ processes that are powered by the Sun

Sedimentary2. Core (Sometimes referred to the Earth’s

Interior) Powers and adds energy to anything under the surface of the EarthRocks’ processes that are powered by the earth’s

interior Igneous and Metamorphic

1. Igneous RocksFormed from the cooling or solidification of

magma (which is found underground) or lava (which is found above ground)

Characteristics that can be found in an igneous rock are crystals and holes from air pockets getting trapped in lava

Types of Rocks and Their Formations

Igneous rocks form in three places:a. Under or near of a volcanob. Very deep underground where the crust

melts the rocks with heat from the core c. Bottom of the ocean floor where the plates of

the ocean floor have opened up and allowed material from the mantle to escape

Types of Rocks and Their Formations

Two types of Igneous Rocksa. Intrusive Igneous Rocks

Forms deep underground, cools very slowly, has larger crystals (coarse texture)

b. Extrusive Igneous RocksForms near or on the surface of the Earth, cools

very rapidly, and has holes and/or smaller crystals (fine texture)

Types of Rocks and Their Formations

2. Sedimentary Rocks > Form from the compaction (pressing together)

and cementation (gluing the pieces together) of small pieces of rocks called sedimentsDoes is matter how big a sediment is? No

>These are the only type of rock that can hold fossils which are the once living remains of a living organism

>Sediments are made from: Weathering Breaking of rocks into smaller piecesErosion Moving the sediments awayDeposition Settling of sediments down

Types of Rocks and Their Formations

Sedimentary rocks are found on or near the surface of the EarthWherever rock is eroded and settles down, you

will find sedimentary rocksCharacteristics of this rock are grains of sand

and silt, flat layers of sediments, fossils, and trace fossils (imprints in the rock)

Types of Rocks and Their Formations

Metamorphic RocksForm from heat and/or pressure being applied

to a hard rock, and the old rock becomes a new rock with new properties and characteristicsDoes the rock have to be heated and pressurized in

order to make a metamorphic rock? NOCharacteristics for this rock will be the banded

or striped appearances that are formed when the rock is heated and/or pressurized

Types of Rocks and Their Formations

Metamorphic rocks are found in zones that are only a few kilometers below the surface but no further than that What happens to rocks if you go further than a

few kilometers? MeltsMetamorphic rocks are also found near

mountain ranges because of all the plate movement that is pushing and compressing the rocks of the mountains together

Types of Rocks and Their Formations