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A MlCROPROcBSSOR BASBD, EXCITATION SYSTEM SIMULATOR

by

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Keith Cunha-Gomes B.E.(Elect.)

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate

Studies and Research in parti~l fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of

Master of Engineering

Oepartment of Electrical Engineering,

McGill University

Montreal, Canada

<S) JuIy, 1983

i

ABSTRACT (

f' , ".'

A real time excitation system simulator was developed'to

be used in conjunction with~the micromachines at l'Institut de

Recherche d 'Hydro Quebec, Montreal. The excitation system

models which vere used were those recommended by the IEEE

Committee in 1981., The dynamic.'behaviour of the efements of

the excitation system which is normally .described by

differential equati~ns was representèd by discrete diffèrence ,

equations. The 6909 microprocessor and an Arithmetic

Processing Unit were used to perform 32-bit floating point

operations for the simulation. Six models wer~ considered to

repre5ent DC, AC and St~tic excitation systems. , "

The simulator was tested wi th the micromachine and t:fie • test results indicate that a microprocessor based realisation

15 indeed feasible.

'0 1

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, RESUME

Un simulateur de système d'excitation, fonctionnant en

temps réel, a été développé pour ~tre ,intégré à la

micromachine de l'Inst,itut de Recherche d'Hydro Québec,

Montréal. Les modèles utilisés pour ces systèmes d'excitat'ion

sont ceux recommandés par l'IEEE en 1981. Le comportement

dynamique des éléments ,du systèmes est régi en temps continu

par des équations differentielles; .

pour la simulation

numérique toutefois, des équations discrètes correspondantes

sont utilisées. Les opé~at'ions numériques de 32 bits en

virgule flottante sont executées à l'aide d'un microprocesseur ,

6809 et d'un processeur arithmétique. Au total, six modèles,

représentant des systèmes d'excitation à courant continu, à

courant alternatif, et statique, sont considerés.

Le simulateur a subi des tests avec la micromachine et

les résultats indiquent que cette réalisation est attrayante.

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~~,~,.. EMENTS

-The author l'Ii shes ta thank his supervisa'r Dr. B. T. Ooi

\ for his ~onstant guidance and advice throughout the course of

this work. He a1so thanks his co-supervisor Dr. H.L. Nakra

for providing the tapie for this research and his suggestions

for the practical imp1~mentation of the simulator. This

research is sponsored and financialIy supported by the Systems

Engineering 'Group of the Institut de Recherche d'Hydra Quebec.

Thanks are a1so due ta Mc. G. Jeanson, technician at

IREQ, for his help in the use of the micromachine and Mc. A.'

Moshref for,proof-reading this thesis.

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ABSTRACT •

RESUME ••

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

iv

i

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS , '. i i i

LIST>~F ,ILLUSTRATIONS vi "

vii NOMENCLATURE ," ..•• " < 1

. . . CHAPTER

CHAPTER 2 2. , 2.2 2.3

CHAPTER ,3 3. 1 3.1.1 3.·1 .2 3.1.3 3.2 3.2. t 3.2.2 3.3 3. 3 • 1 3.3.2 3.3.3

INTRODUCTION .

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM The Micromachine '.". . '. . • . . • The Existing Excitation System .....•. Ove~view of the Proposed Excitation System.

PRINC-I PLES INVOLVED IN SIMULATION · · · Types 'Of Excitation Sy,stem~ OC ,Exc i·ta t on Sys.tems . · · · · · · AC Excitation Systems. -· · · ,5tatic Excitation Systems · · · • Nonlinear Functions , . · · · Windup and>Non-windup Limita • '1. ..... · • . The Satu'ration Fuhction · · · · · Real Time Simulation . · · · · · · · Use of the Bilinear Transformation Cascaded Transfer Functions · . · Digital Simulation of Systems vith Feedback

5 5

10 12

3 ~ 3.4' Other ~e.lated Topics

14 14 14 1 e 22 23· 23 26 27 28. 30 31 33

'CHAPTER ".

CHAPTER

" • t 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 ":2.3 4.2.4 4.3

5 5. 1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5

•

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SYSTEM HARDwARE .36 Introduction. •• • • . .• ' 36 Desc'ription of the Modules • • • • • • • •• 31 Monoboard Microcomputer Micromodule (M68MM19A) 40 Arithmetic processing,Unit (M68MM14A) 43 High-Level A/D Module 15A (M68MM15A) • 43 Analog Output Module 15e (M68MM15CV) • 47 Interrupt Sttucture 49

çl

SYSTEM SOFTWARE Main program • • Dedicated Routines • • • General Purpose Routines • • Transfer Function Routines • Windup and Non Windup Limits Exciter Saturation Function Sampling period •••• A/D' DIA Convert~r rio

· . . · . . · . .

· . '-.. . . · . . · ,. . • • • • 1 •

50 53 57 59 59 61 62 63 63

\

\ \

~.4 5.,5 5.,6 5.7 5.8 5.9

\

\

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,....... \\~ . \ APU, Related ROt;tines .. 0 • ° .\~ Interrupt Servlce Routlnes ° • ;""0,' • Pa~a,!,eter In~ut Routine •••• ~ .• \~. U lty Routlnes "," •• ~\ •

iag st ies • • • • • • .0 ',. \ .. '

at' Procedure 7' •••• ' j>

6- SYSTEM TESTS ~ " " " • • • • • • • • . ;, . • 6.'1 Tests Conducted . thout The Micromachine\ .. 6.1.1 Microprocessor Simulation of the Exciter \ . 6.1.2 CSMP Simulation ... ~ .....•.•.. 6.1.3 Interpretation from Tests' •.•••••.• 6.2 Tests Conducted With the Micromachin~ ' •.• 6.3 Interpretation from Tests wi,th ,Micromachine

CH.A~ER \ ' CONCLUS ~ ON , •••••• \ Suggestlons for Future Work

APPEND1X 1\". . • • • . . . . . .

APPENDtIX II • ~.~ • • • •••

,APPENDIX III '. \,.

REFERENCES • 1 •

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,64 65 66 67 Q7 68

70 70 71 71

" 72 81 83

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114 ...... , / 1 15 ~'-

1 16

173

115

178

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

3. ! 3.2 3.3 3.4

3.5 3.6

3.7 3.8 3.9 3. 10 3. 1 1 3.12

4. 1

4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

5,. 1 5.2 5.3

6. 1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6 ~ 12

J 6.16

\ 6.21 6.26 6.31

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .

Block diagr_m representation of IREQ's micromachine Deriva'tion/of Active" Reactive Power and Torque •. Interface betveen micromachine and external circuits The existing excitation system s~mulator . . • • ~ • Block diagram of the microprocessor based excitation , 'l \ system Slmu ator • • • • • • • • .", • • • . • • . •

Type OCI - OC Commutator Exciter .••••.•... Type OC2 - OC Commutator Exciter ' •••••.••.• Type OC3 - ~ontinuously Acting Regulator • • • • Type AC1 A~rnator Rectifier Exciter vith Non Controlled Rectifier. • • • • • • • • • •• • • Type ~C4 - Alternator Controlled Rectifier Exciter • Type STl - Potential Source Controlled Rectifier Eze i ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e ~. Windupand Non Windup Limits .•••••••• lia Waveforms for Windup and Non windup Limits .' Excitér Saturation Characteristic .• Exciter Saturation as a function of Ex Representative Feedback Control System Feedback Control System vith delay .'.

,Interconnection of excitation system simulator vith micromachine • . .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Interconn~ction of different modules • • • Block diagram of main microcomputer module Block diagram of APO module. Block diagram of A/D module. • . • . • . • Block diagram of DIA module. • . • • • • •

Functional Representation of S.oftware Routi,nes • Flovchart of main program ••••••••••• Flowchart of typical simulat ion. • • • • • • • • • •

Test Result of Type OCI ••• Test Resul t of Type DC2 •• ,_ Test Result of Type OC3 Test Result of Type ACI Test Result of Type AC4

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'~~~ 8 9 9

1 1

1 1

1 7 17 20

20 21

21 25 25 26 27 31 32

, 39 39 42 45 46 48

52 55 56

14 75 76 77 78 79 80

Test Result of Type STI •.••.• !.ayout of Test with Micromachine •••. - 6.11 Test Results of Type OCl •••. - 6.15 Test Results of Type DC2 ••.• - 6.20 Test Results of Type OC3 • • .• - 6.25 Test Results of Type AC! • • . .

85 - 88 89 - 92 93 - 97 98 -102

- 6.30 Test Results of Type AC4 ••.• - 6.36 Test Results of Type STl •

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103 -107 108 -113

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NOMENCLATURE'

A/D, AOC - Ana10g to Digital (Converter) f

ACIA - Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter 1

APU - Ar.ithmetic Processing Unit

CSMP - Continuous System Mode1ling program

. 0/1\, DAC - Digital to 1\na10g (Converter)

Ed , Eq - PU voltages .of d and q axes )

Efd - PU exci ter output vol tage

F ex - Rectifier loading factor

FIRQ - Fast Interrupt Request

HVDC - High Voltage Direct Current

Id' Iq' I kd , I kq - PU cur·rents of d,q,d damper, and q dampe'r axes

e

- PU field current of synchronous generator

- Normalised exciter load current

- Instrtut de Recherche d'Hydro ,Québec

- Inte~rupt. Request

Voltage regu1ator gain

- Rectifier loading factor related to

commutating reactance

- Demagnetizing factor

- Exciter constant ~elated to self-excited .'1'

field

- Excitation control system stabilizer gain é

Fast raise/lover ~ontact setting

J'

.J

-

MPU

NMI

, PIA

PTM

pu

TNA

T r

Trh

V e

Vf

Vfe

.J

V imax, V imin

!l'md' Ymq

7

viii

- Microprocessing Uni t.'

Non,Maskable-rnterrupt

- Peripheral interface adapter

- Programmable Timer Module

- Per Unit

Exciter saturation function

- Service Request

- Voltage regulator time constant

- Exciter time constant

-,Excitation control system stabi~izer time

constant

- Transient Network Analyser

- Regulator input filter time constant

- Rheostat travel time

- Exciter voltage back of commutating

oreactance

- Excitation system~tabilizer output

- Signal proportional to exciter field

current

- Max/Min internaI signal within voltage

regulator

- PU reference voltage

- Max/Min value of voltage ~eg~lator output

Power system stabilizer output

- PU term~nal voltage

- Non saturated mutual flux component along

&077

, i 1

"'mds ,)4 mqs

(

°d and q axis

Saturated'mutua1 ~lux component a10n9 'd

and q axis

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CBAPTBR l INTRODUCTION

Due to ~the complexity and the large dimensions of "' integrated' ~I power systems, most research and developmental

studies are based on simulations. This may be done through

digital simulation programs in some large and fast mainframe

computations [1,2]. Alternatively, this may be accomplished

through ana log simulations using Transient Network Analysers

and micromachines [3].

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This research is suppor,ted by the Systems Engineering /

Group of IREQ (Institut de Recherche d'Hydro Quebec) which has

a facility for anal09 simulations. It is found that anal09

hardware has many advantages based on the ease in

re-configuration of power systems. At the same time, certain , . limitations are also apparent, vi z. , the difficulty in

.. r'!$.J .-'.J L.-~

obtaining exact values of resistances, capacitances and

inductances of the required " precision for a hardware

realization. It is thought that sorne sub-systems of the unit d ,

may be replaced by a microprocessor based black box which will

interface with the rest of the system throug~ analog to

digital (A/D) and digital to ana10g (DIA) converters. The , ,

functiona1 characteristics of this blac'; box would be ~

accomplished by digital simulation in real time. The advent

of microprocessors in the seventies and their relatively low

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cost make it feasible to replace ana109 hardware at the

sub-system level.

The sub-system chosen in this study is the excitation

system. There have already been several applications of

microprocessors in systems associated with the

turbo-generators and excitation systems. At the University of

Calgary [4-8] work was directed at real time digital controls

for turbines and alternators. At the University of New

Brunswick [9,10] microprocessor based micromachine systems

ar~ being used to study power system behaviour. At the

University of British Columbia [11] micromachine systems are

used in teaching power systems. At the University of Glasgow

[12] power system stability studies vere done using a

micromachine system. Among industrial research institutes,

lREQ is noted for its facilities for simulation and studies of

electrical power systems. "

Researchers in microprocessor systems, . realise that

5ing le microprocessor systems are basically slow in

accomplishing real time simulation of complex systems. In

this research as in others [~J, it has been found convenient

to include an Arithmetic Processing Onit IAPU) to do 'number

crunching' tasks, while the microprocessor i t'self performs the t.,.

supervisory functions.

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As the objective of this,study is centered around the

realization of a microprocessor based sub-system, it was feit

advisable that sorne standard accepted models of excitation

systems be used. In fact, there exist excitation system

modeis formulated specifically for computer simulations,

developed by the IEEE Committee in 1968 [13], and Iater

updated in 1981 [14]. In this thesis the "recommendations of

the 1981 report are adhered to.

In order to provide the maximum possible flexibility in

the lREQ facility, the scope of this work includes aIl the

modeis in the 1981 report which can be implemented using a

single APU. Future work shouid consider using more than one

APU to implement the remaining models which require lengthy

computations and which have been omitted in this study.

Because this work is a piece of contract research, the

orientation is directed towards the development of a useable

tool. As such, sorne of the grounds covered in [9] are

inevitably retrodden. However, also included are the

implementation of sorne nonlinearities not considered

previously. They are the nonlinear exciter saturation

function, non windup Iimits and rectifier regulation.

The thesis is organized in the following manner.

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Chapter 2 desc~ibes the micromachine system currently in

use at lREQ and its accompanying excitation system. The

deficiencies of the existing excitation system are pointed out

and the proposed excitation system and its requirements are

introduced.

Chapter J exp+ains the different excitation system models

which are implemented. The principles involved in a real time

, digital simulation are also explained.

Chapters 4 and 5 deal with the details of the realization

of the simulator. Chapter 4 covers the hardware details

including the hardware modules used and their functions. The

functions of the software routines used in the simulation are

explained in Chapter 5.

Chapter 6 reports the tests performed on the simulator

and the result~ obtained. -~

The results of a theoretical

off-line simulation are provided for comparison purposes. The

interpretation of the test results is also included in this

chapter.

A listing of the software programs developed for

operation of the simulator is included in the Appendix 1. A

lot of pains vas take~ in documentation 50 as to make it

comprehensible to the reader.

1

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--------------------J;HAPTER 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE EXI STING SYSTEM

""-----------------­------This section wlll be devoted to a description of the

-----~----existing micromachine and its exci~on system and will go on

to describe the proposed excitation system.

2.1 THE MICROMACHINE

Most research establishments involved in investigating

the behaviour of synchronous machine$, do so with a miniature

machine which is a scaled-down version of the actual machine

being studied. Hovever, due to the small size of the machine,

the field time constant is small. This inherently low time

constant is increased by use of a 'time constant regulator'

[8 ].

At l'Institut de Recherche d'Hydro Quebec(IREQ>, a novel

approach vas adopted. The conventional micromachine vas

substituted by an electronic analog simulator that simulated

the mathematical behaviour of the synchronous generator. As

compared to the conventional micromachine it has been found

[3] that the electronic machine possesses several advantages

such as compoctness, easy parameter ad just ment s, and a more

realistic simulation.

6

Faur such micromachines have been built and are in

service at the laboratories at IREQ, Varennes. They can be

c'onnected,~ to High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and Transient

Network Analyser (TNA) simulators to simulate large power

systems.

The simulator is based upan the twa-axis representatian

af Park's equations (refer Fig 2.1). A voltage .cantrolled

oscillator provides signaIs A sin w t, A cos I.cJt which are used

for the axes transformations. With the assumptian that the

machine neutral i5 not grounded (Le. 1 +1 +1 "0), the phase abc

armature cu~rents la' lb' and le are transformed into the t:wo

axis eurrents Id and l • The field and damper winding .q

currents If' Ikd' and ~q and the 'd'and 'q' axes fluxes Jtl md

JPmq and the saturated fluxes )'Imds' .k'1mqs are generated

separately, and are combined appropriately vith to

generate the two axis voltages e d and eq • With this

arrangement, terminal voltages and currents as weIl as d-q

voltages and curr~ts are readily available. Active and

reactive power and torque (Fig 2.2) are obtained from d-q

quantities and are made available on the front panel.

Isolat~ng transformers are used to interface- the

electronic machine to a delta-wye transformer (Fig 2.3), whose (!-

secondary can be connected to the HVDC or TNA simulators.

7

The electronic machines make use of readily available

operational amplifiers, multipliers and other integrated

circuits, connected in standard configurations. One of the

significant advantages of the electronic machine is the ease

with which machine variables are attainable. AlI variables

are represented in the form of voltages, h~hèe no special

transducers are necessary for monitoring or measurement.

Moreover, machine variables are easily scaled which makes

interconnection of systems fairly easy.

i

~ An"at..-I 1 lec*o{/4I 'lua

"--~

~otlon of armotwi woftOQe

, 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

.~~~~ 1

r;,

1 field and dompll 01l1li01,6 çur'lnl E,-c,&...I/.,1 L __________________ .:.J w

~'}

-----~i e~

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , p ..... ~.o 60VA

1 CU/nnl ails Irons formation

eb

e~

1 ~-It L ____ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _______ J

r -=-S;-WJ - -.- - - - - - - ~ - - -. 1

!: -Co,wJ <-=Hh ~ 1

Ad

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 t . Vollogo ,onllal/ed o5clllolor loi • W w •• " 1 ___________ ~ ___ J

Fig 2.1 B10ck Diagram representation of IREQ's Micromachine

( Reproduced from [3J )

CP

l '

-'l'ct. --------..,

rq-;~---­

-~~--------~~ Id-~----,.j

Torque 1

1

l' 1 >-~Pr \-1 - 1

11\-, +-----'-4-X L __ ,-_____ J

Fig 2.2 Derivation of.Active & Reactive Pow~r and .-

Torque '(Reprod~ced from [3J )

I~ ~~I 1 _,

1 ~ 1

NeoiInII

9

Fig 2.3 Interface between Micromachine and External

Circuits (Reproduced from [3] )

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2.2 THE EXISTING EXCITATION SYSTEM

The present excita~ion system which simulates static

excitation ls shown in Fig 2.4. The 3-phase terminal voltages

are rectif~ed and filtered and is made available as an input'

to the excitation system. The rectif,ied voltage V is compared

to the referenc~ voltage Vo to provide an error. The latter

drives the amplifier with a gain Ka and, time constant Ta' and ,

a lead-lag unit. The output of the lead-lag unit is summed

vith the nominal field voltage Efo and the sum is limited to

yield the field voltage Efd' The ceilings in the limiter may

either be fixed, or may be proportional to the rectified

• terminal voltage. Under steady state conditions the ~ectified

terminal voltage V equals the reference voltage Vo and hence

the field voltage ls the nominal value Efo. Vs is the

stabilizing signal obtained frQm t~e power system stablizer,

and ~V represents the transient voltage used to test the o

system.

, AlI paramete~s Ka' Ta' Tl' T2 and B are set using 10-turn

precision potentiometers on the front panel. At the input to

the excitation system, 5 voltS=1 pu for the reference voltage

and rectified terminal voltage and at the output volt

represents 1 pu. AlI voltages are negative going or inverted.

The power ampli fiers used for terminal voltage amplification

are ~esigned to allov 2 pu overvoltage and 10 pu overcurrent.

ea 9b ec

ea e ec

Vo == 1

6. Vo } . .. - .. 3"

*' Rectifier -Ka _ 1 + sTl

& t TSTa 1.,.sT2 i- -. BVc Fllter

Vs Vc -Eio

3.,

Rectlfl8r &

Fllter vartable

Fig 2.4 The Existing Excitation System S~mulator

r----1 1

- -, 1 ,

vrefl

1

1 1

ADC

MICRO-DAC

COMPUTER

L __ _

1

1 __ .J

EXCITATION SYSTEM

Fig 2.5 Block Diagram of the Microprocessor based~ Excitation System Simulator

11

-Efd

Efd

... " ,

12

2.3 OVIRVIIW or TRI PROPOS ID EXCITATION SYSTIN

The existing excitation system has several limitations . . "

It simulates only those static excitation systems which are

very simple. The excitation system in use does not follow any

standard representation. Besides, being an analog system,

variations in parameters and characteristics is inevitable

with ageing of components. Periodic recalibration and offset

nulling is necessary to maintain its accuracy. In view of the

above, it was found necessary to consider the implementation

of a more flexible excitation system requiring less

'maintenance' which could simulate standard DC and AC

excitation systems as weIl.

The proposed excitation system employs a microcomputer te

perform a digital simulation in real time. The hardware

configuration of the system lS fixed, irrespect ive of the type

of excitation system being simulated. The set of routines

selected for the simulation however, depend upon the type 9f

excitation system. As a result, when changing from one type ,

of excitation system to another, no new connections need be

made. "Parameter values like gains and time constants are .. .

keyed lnto the system from a keyboard. An interactive input

routin~ helps the ,r

user to input values correctly. Three OC,

two AC and one static excitation system models have been

considered.

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Integration into the Existinq System

The block diagram of the microcomputer based excitation

system simulator is given in·F~. 2.5. In its simplest form,

ana log to digital çonverters at the input sample input signaIs

Vreft Vtt ~s and Ifd and copvert them into an equivalent

digital representation. The microcomputer processes these

inputs according to an , . algorithm and calcula tes what the

output Efd would be for a given set of parameter values. This

digital output is converted back into an analog voltage as 1

required by the electronic micromachine. Due to the fact t~at

the synchronous generator is the electronic ma~hine, no

special transducers or level shifters are found necessary,

since aIl input variables are already in the form of. voltages.

Moreover the range of input voltages are readily acceptable by

A/D converters commercially available.

At a later date, it is intended to provide each of the

four existing micromachines with such an excitation system

simulator outlined above. The setup selected, facilitates

easy system integration and system control from a single

point. The details of the proposed system will be provided

later on.

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CHAPTER 3 PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN SIMULATION

The object of this chapter is first to explain the

different types of excitation systems to be simulated and

later to detail how these models get transformed to be

suitable for digital simulation.

3.1 TYPES OP' EXCITATION "SYS'I'EMS

The IEEE Committee Report (14] oi 1981, recommends a

number of standard excitation models to be used for digital

computer simulation. This thesis accepts ,-these

recommendations and sets forth to implement a software

realisation of the different standard, models. The models are

classified into three types, namely, OC, AC and Static .

Excitation systems.

3.1.1 DC Excitaton Systems

\ . class incorpora tes those which a d.c. îl'r'IJ.s systems \Ise

generator with a commutator to provide power to the excitation , system. Three models have been considered.

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This system (Fig. 3.1) is used to represent field

controlled OC commutator exciters with continuously acting

voltage regulators. The voltage regulator is modelled by ~

gain Ka and time constant Ta with non-,wind up limits which

typiçally model saturatJon or amplifier supply limitations.

Other regulator time constants may be included in Tc and Tb'

the time constants of the lead-lag stage. The exciter is . C) . characterlsed by a 'tlme constant T and Ke represen~s the e ,

exciter constant related to its field. Exciter saturation is

represented by Seo Tr i s the time . constan t of the input

fi l ter 0 Stabi 1 i sing feedbac k Vf i s zero when Efd reaches the

steady state. This model typifies those excitation systems in

which the source of power for the exciter is independant of

the, synchronous genera tor pover. Hence machine transients do

not affect the constant limits Vrmax and Vrmin0

This system (Fig. 3.2) is identical to the one previously .

mentioned vith a single difference. Here the power for the

exciter is obtained from the generator itselfo As a result,

the regulator limits are proportional to the machine terminal

.

{ , , !

t l

j '1

< -

] ~ ~

J l

1 j fi 1 l

1-~

,.1

l .. ~ !.. 'r ,

-, 1

• , t

(

16

'voltage.

OC Commutator Exciters vith non-continuously acting

regulators are modelled in Fig 3.3. . , Depending upon the

magnitude of the voltage error, the system responds at two

different rates. Large errors ( \Vref-Vtl ~ Rv), cause a

large signal ( Vrmin or Vrmax ) to be applied to the exci~er.

Small errors cause a motor-operated rheostat to de~elop a

control signal for the exciter. Trh represents the travel

time of the

raise/l6wer

response.

"

..

4'

motor-operated rheostat.

contact setting w&ich

l

"

K represents the fast v determines the speed of

......... _~----'-- ---------~-- - -- ~---------

, \ 1 1 1 ., Ï

1

1

17 Vref

( Vrmax

+ r Vt 1

~~ " 1 +sTc Ka ~ 1 E --

1 +sTr - 1 + sTb 1 +5Ta sTe

fd

-Vf --.1 ,

Vrmm , '"---- Se+Ke ~

, 1)

sKf 1 + sTt

,Fig J.1 Type Del - ne Commutator Exciter

----..

"

vref Vt ,vrmax

vt + 1 +sTc K~ Etd

1 +sTr 1 +sTb sTe

Vt,VrmIO Se+Ke

sKf 1 + sTf

J.t'i-; J.2 Type DC2 - OC èommutator Exciter

----

\ - (

\

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3.1.2 AC Excitation Systems

This group encompasses those systems which make use of an

alternator and either - stationary or rotating rectifiers to

produce the direct current for the generator field. Two

models were considered.

The system shown in Fig 3.4 models a Field Controlled

Alternator Rectifier Excitation System with non-controlled

rectifiers. The limits . on the regulator are constant, since

the power for excitation is obtained from a source that is not

affected by generator transients. The lower limit of zero on

the exciter models the diode-characteristic of the rectifier.

The exciter output voltage Ve is reduced by a certain

amount due to rectifier regulation. This is modelled via the

nonlinear function Fex.f(In> [14]. The demagnetising effect

of the load current Ifd is accounted for by the term Kd in the

feedback path.

•

. ..... ,.

(. )

19

This sy!?tem (Fig 3.5) models Alternator Supplied

Controlled Rectifier Excitation Systems. This system

incorporates a thyristor bridge in the exciter output circuit

and the voltage regulator controls the firing of the

thyristors. The exciter alternator generates a constant

output voltage. The regulator gain and time constant are Ka

and Ta" A lead-lag netw?rk is also included for stabilisation

purposes. Kc represeots the effect of rectifier regulation

due to commutating reactance.

.,

a

Vt 1

1 +sTr

20

Kv Vrmax rr / Vt

... Vrh 1

~ Verr Vrmax - Vrmm

1 + sTr J S Trh Kv

J )

-Kv Vrmin

, "

a.-. IF Ven < -Kv Vr = Vrrntn Vr +0- 1 Efd IF Verr > Kv \Ir :: Vrmax --

- sTe IFIVerrl < Kv Vr = Vrh

" •

Se+Ke f--

Fig J.J Type DGJ - Non Continuously Acting Regulator

Vref . vrmax

/ ki- 1.sTc Ka ~

1 Ile r- - r 1 +sTb 1 +sTa - sTe

.-f o~ . Vmun Fex = f (In)

Se + Ka ln = Kc Ifd ~ Ve ...

sKI 1 + sTf ...

I<j Ifd

Fig 3.4 Type ACI - Alternator Rectifier Exciter with Non Controiled Rectifier

•

Efd

Vref

1 Ka , +sTr 1 +sTa

Fig 3.5 Type AC4 - Alternator Controlled Rectifier Exciter

vref

, +sTr 1 +5Tç I--_~ 1 +sTb

s Kt , + sTf

Ka 1 1-sTa

"Fig J.6 Type STI - Potential Source Controlled Rectifier Exciter

21

22

3.1.3 Static Excitation Systems

These systems use transformers to convert voltages to an

appropriate level. Controlled or non-controiled rectifiers

are used to obtain the direct current for the generator field.

This model (Fig 3.6) represents aIl systems in which the

power for r the excitation system i5 de ri ved from the

synchronous generator itself through a transformer. A

controiled rectifier is then used to regulate it. Exciter

time constants are normally small and are not represented. K a

and T are the constants of the regulator. a Transient gain

reduction 15 obtained either in the foward path "through the

limits and the lead-Iag or in the feedback path through

parameters Kf and Tf. For Most transformer fed

may be very smail and may be set to zero.

.

systems, K c

,

23

3.2 NONLINEAR FUHCTIONS

The previous section dealt with the excitation system

models. However in order to perform a digital simulat~on, 1

certain nonlinearities have to be implemented. This is the

subject of the present section.

3.2.1 Windup and Non-Windup Limita

The IEEE Committee report [14] distinguishes between

windup and non-windup limits; the latter more accurately

mode11ing saturation and the limits on amplifier ~nput and

output signaIs. The two types of limits used in association

with a 1ag stage are represented in Fig 3.7.

The input to both types of 1imits is seen to be a{t), the . immediate output of the lag stage is assumed to be b(t) and

c(t) is the output of the windup limite On the other hand

d(t) is the output of the non-windup limite A and B are the

upper and lower limits respectively.

In the case of windup limits the output b(t) is

unlimited. However c(t) is limited to the range (B,A) and

c(t) will come off the limits only when b(t) enters the range

(B,A).

•

Implementing this in the form of difference equations,

b = f(a ,a l,b 1) n n n- n-

where at aIl times bn and bn_l

are unlimi ted'. The outputs

b(t), and c(t) are seen in Fig 3.8, the two being identical

when

In the case of non-windup limits the variable d(t) is

always limi~ed to (a,A) and will come out of saturation as

soon as the input a(t) re-enters the range (S,A). Again when

implemented in difference equations,

where ~ and ~-l are always limited to the range (B,A). The

difference in the responses is clearly seen in Fig 3.8.

It is observed that the output d(t) of the non-windup

limit emerges from saturation earlier than c(t), the output of

the windup limit, as the input a(t) enters the range (S,A) at

point P.

( 1

25

A A

a (t) , __ e (t) a(t)

, +sTe , + sTe

8 B (a)

Fig 3.7 (a) Windup Limi t (b) Non Windup Limit

am

Q . -'0. a o. 1 O. 2 0.3 O. ~ O. 5 TIME IN SECS

Fig 3.8 Ilo Wave:f"orms fôr Windup and Non Windup Limits

•

•

26

3.2.2 The Saturation Function

Exci ter modelling invol ves a nonlinear funct ion Se (E,c) t'o

account for the nonlinear B-H curve.

Fig 3~9 Exciter Saturation Characteristic

As shown in Fig 3.9,.6.1 represents the excess field

current required to produce the vo~tage E , x due to the

saturàtion of the exciter, and is seen to be a function of the

voltage Ex'

By definition

27

and is a nonlinear function of the form shown in Fig 3.10.

Fig 3.10 Exciter Saturation as a Function of ~

The curve may be approximated by an exponent ial.

Representations of the saturation function are 9iven by

S = A*exp(B*E ) e x or (1)

the former being adopted for the simulation.

3.3, REAL TINE SIMULATION

As a component of IREQ's micromachine, the microcomputer

of Fig 2.5 must simulate in r~al time the behaviour of the

excitation system in each of the models ~escribed in section

3. 1 • This section i s concerned with translating the

•

, ..

( \

. ,

28

mathematical descript ion of the excitation system

characteristics given in the transfer functions to a

difference equation form suitable for real time computations •

"

3.3.1 Use~of the Bilinear Transformation

" An input -output relation y ( s) -F ( s) X ( s) actually

describes a differential eguation relationship between input

and output of the form,

where m ~ n

fOF an; n th orde~ sys,tëm, where ;1)( t} represents the

derivative with respect ,to time.

J

( i i)

. th 1

Solution of this differential equation is possible by a

number of methods. However iterative procedures cannot be

adopted because the simulation is being done in real time and ~

it is necessary to have a smalr sampling intèrval which

implies ,a short and constant computation time.

The above problem can be avoided by representing the

.}nput-output ~elation by a difference" eguation of the form

q , /

3. /

029

where YN. is the value' of y(t) at t-(N-i)T, T being the -1

sampling interval.

If the input-output relationship is expres~ed as a

difference equa-tion, the output Il t-kT is obtained as a

l ' • function of past outputs and inputs i. e.

.. y(KT) - f(y{kT),x(mT» (iv)

o < k < K, 0 < m:S K, k and m integers.·

The bilinear transformation provides an ~asy method to

represent a differential equation by a di f ference ~

equation

[ 161.- The continuous time system ié represented in its

di screte form

y(z) 'al F(z)X(z)

by the substitution

s • 2!T*(z-1)!{z+1) (v)

o " the transformation being stable for a11 finite T (Ref Ch6 >

(17». This, yields,

n m Y(z}!X(z) • (2:bJ'Z-.,j}!{2:~z-i)

o 0 (vi)

where, if X{z) cOlrespo~ds to ·i X(NT), z X(z) corresponds to

X( (N-i)T). The number o·f past valuès of the variable equals

the order of the system.

~

. ~ ~

• u'" 1 J

" II

, /1

{

30

A number of other discretization meth'Ods are discussed~in

[16! and it is found that ~n the frequency range of interest,

the bilinear transformation is adequate.

3.3.2 Casèaded Transfer Functions 1

Most of the aforementi9ned excitation sys~m models

contain 'cascaded transfer function blocks. The latter must be

treated ~ith special attention.

In general, the 2~transform of two cascaded transfer

functions is not equal to the product of the Z-transfor~s of

each transfer function [17]. However since we view sampled

variables only (by virtue of digital processing of sampled

values), we are ~ustified in r~presenting 'n' cascaded

\ 1 , , i i ~

! , ~

j 1

(

31

transfer function blocks by 'n' separate difference equations.

3.3.3 Digital Simulation of Systems vith Feedback

C(S)+ E(s) Y(s)

..... G(s)

- ,

R(s)

- V H(s)

~i9 3.11 Representative Feedback Control System

Most control systems employ feedback, and simulating

feedback control systems may lead to problems especially in

case of high order, nonlinear systems. Consider a

representative feedback control system in Fig 3.11.

En' ~ and Yn represent the sampled values of c(t), e(t), r(t)

and y(t) at t-nT.

The discretization process yields the relationships,

Yn • fI (ek'Ym)

rn - f 2 (Yk,rm) for 0 < m < n and 0 < k :S n.

At the summing point ve have,

o

32

The Aboye equations are a true representation of the control

system.

For low arder systems the above equations can be solved

simultaneously to yield the values of y(nT), r(nT) etc. This

,hovever i5 ~ot ea5ily accomplished in hi9h arder and nonlinear

systems. The commonly adopted practice in such a case i5 to

introduce a delay in the foward path. The resulting system

for simulation is shawn in Fig 3.12.

c(s)+ E(S) -sT Vis) G (5) e

-R(sl

H (5)

~i9 3.12 Feedback Control System vith Delay

With the introduction of this artificial delay in the fovard

path, the equations are easily solved. This method i5 adopted

in the vork described in this thesis.

(

33

. 3.3.4 Other Related Topics

A couple of other points related to the simulation are

now discussed.

~) Word Length

The word length employed to represent digital data has an

important consequence on the accuracy of computations. Large

word lengths provide increased resolution and accuracy but

they compl icate , computations and increase the computation

time. Hence the selected wcrd length is a compromise between

accuracy and complexity of computation. Willsky, Moroney et

al [lB] have investigated the problem of word length and have

arrived at some formulae for the statistical word length.

Ahmed and Belanger [19,20] have considered the sarne problem

with a view to minimizing round off errors and preventing

overflows. Katz [16] has provided a number of formulae for

the minimum word length of A/D, D/A converters, APU etc.,

based on the signal/noise ratio, range of the signal etc.

Ultimately, the word length is limited by devices

commercially available. Malik, Hope et al [4-8] in their work

on real time control of synchronous generators have used a-bit

34

ADCs and 12-bit DACs. Varghese [a] used the same word length

for converters in a reai time application. Lockett [9] has

used a-bit converters for simulation purposes.

~

It was decided that for this application a resolution of

in 4096 was sufficient. Hence 12-bit converters were used.

Within the microcomputer, a software subroutine converts the

12-bit inputs into 32-bit floating point numbers. During the

simulation, computations are performed using 32-bit floating

point arithmetic. The accuracy and resolution are thus mainly

dependant on that of the converters.

~) Sampling Rate

The sampling rate of digital control systems is normally

based upon the closed loop bandwidth of the system. In order

that the process of sam~iing does not adversely affect the

system, it is requ~red to have a sampling rate that is at

least ten times the closed loop bandwidth [16].

In the context of real-time digital simulation, the upper

limit on the sampling fr~quency is determined by the time

required for computations between samples. It must be

verified that this maximum sampling frequency is sufficiently

35

larger than the closed loop bandwidth of the system being

simulated.

Past work in related areas have revealed that a sampling

time of 35-100 ms is adequate' [8]. The maximum time required

for computation for the proposed simulator lies weIl within

this range; the exact values will be provided later on. It

has been verified that these sampling frequencies are larger

than the bandwidth of typical systems.

-,

36

CHAP'l'ER 4 SYSTIM HARDWARI

Since the excitation system simulator was built around a

microprocessor, system development involved two aspects,

namely: hardware and software. These two aspects form the

content of this and the following chapter.

'.1 INTRODUCTION

A number of essentiai features vere required to be

incorporated in the system hardware.

,) A/D and DIA Converters: SignaIs that interface /

with the

micromachine are of an anal09 forma Hence converters are

required to convert signaIs into and from their digital ",

representation. Four Ain converters are required for terminal

voltage Vt

, reference voltage Vref , field current Ifd and the

power system stabliser V. One DIA converter is required for s

the field voltage Efd'

2) Arithmetic Processing Unit: Arithmetic functions like

square roots, exponentials and logarithms make this component

essential. Intel's 8231 and Advanced ~icro Deviees' AMD 9511

could perform adequately.

..1

37

3) Timer: The algorithm used ~or digital simulation operates

on sampled data. A timer was necessary to ensure that the

input signaIs are,sampled at exact intervals.

4) Memory for program and data storage.

5) A monitor program that allows the insertion of hreakpoints, -

examination and modification of registers and memory etc.

This was essential during the software debugging stage and

during the integration of software and hardware.

'.~~ 6) A seriaI communication interface to enable the user to

communicate with the system.

'.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE MODULES

Nowadays microprocessor manufacturers provide extensive

hardware and software support for their products, thus making

the task of system development relatively easy. Use of

hardware support drastically cuts prototype,development time.

The prototype vas developed at lREQ, on a ~ystem meant

solely for the purpose of prototype development .' The

simulator vas built around the MC6809 microprocessor. AIl the

· 1.

38

~ssential components listed above are available in the form of

plug-in modules. The modules used were:

1) Monoboard Microcomputer Module ( M68MM19A

2) Arithmetic Pr~cessing Unit ( M68MM14A )

3) High Level A/D Module 15A ( M68MM15A

4) Ana"log Output Module 1 SC ( M68MM 1 5CV

5) ROM/EPROM Module M68MM04A ).

In order "to fulfill the functional requirements des'cribed,

pictorially in Fig 4.1, the modules are configured into a

system as shown in Fig 4.2. 1

The modules seen in Fig 4.2 communicate with each other.

through three buses namely, address, data and control buses.

The main module hOUSéS the microprocessor unit (MPU), the

timer (PTM), a parallel port (PIA) and the seriaI port (ACIA).

The ana10g signaIs of the micromachine which are required for

the digital simulation are digit,ized by the ADe module and the

digital output of field voltage is converted back into an

anal09 voltage ln the DAC ~odule. The APU module which

performs arithmetic operations on floating point data and the

EPROM module which is used to store the program and data are

also connected to the three common buses. A more detailed

description of the individual modules is the subject of the

next few sections.

----------- ----. -----

39

Ifo MICRD-

Vt MACHINE

r------------ ------- - - - -ï

1 1

~ 1

MICRO- 1 AOC DAC

1 COMPUTER 1 ~ 1 1 d

1 1

L_ I- - -- -- - - - -- - -- - - -- __ .J

EXCITATION SYSTEM

Vref Vs Fig 4.1 Interconnection of Excitation System Simu1ator

with Micromachine

EPROM M68MM04A

CONTROL BUS

ADDRESS BUS

DATA BUS

,

Vref ,- laUFFERSI

Vt M ,

1td U AOC IMPü] 1 P TMj Efd

APU DAC

Vs X "

""'- lAC lAI 1 PIA 1

M68MMI5A tV168MM19A M68MMI4A tlA68MMI5CV

Fig 4.2 Interconnection of the different modules

/

1

.)

4.2.1 Monoboard Microcomputer Micromodule (M68MM19A)

40

A block diagram of this module [21] is shown in Fig 4.3.

It provides the a-bit, 2 MHz MC6809 microprocessor, along with

(i) an Async;~ronous Communication Interface Adapter (ACIA -~-

MC6850) and seriaI communications interface,

(ii) a peripheral Intettface Adapter (PIA MC6821) configured

as a printer interface,

(iii) a triple 16-bit Programmable Timer (PTM MC6840),

and provides sockets for 2K bytes HAM and sorne EPROMs.

The micromodule is fully buffered and the user can select

an RS-232, RS-422 or RS-423 seriaI interface with baud rates

varying from 50 to 19200. The triple timers May be supplied

with the processor E clock or an external signal and may be

programmeç to generate a low output on time-out. The latter

signal May be used for control purposes.

The base addresses for the PIA, ACIA, and PTM are $EC10,

$EC14, and SEC18 respectively. The timer outputs may be

connected to the Non Maskable Interrupt (NMI) or the Fast

Interrupt Request (FIRQ) inputs of the 6809, but the PIA and

~\ \

o

I~ __ ~ __ ~ ___ 1. __________ _ ---- ,---------

41

AcrA may only interrupt on the Interrupt Request (IRQ) or FIRQ

levels.

, A 6K monitor SUPERbug [22] (used to aid debugging the

software), was installed jn the EPROM sockets. The ACIA and

the RS-232 interface were used to communicate with the system

from a keyboard and terminal. One of the 16-bit timers was

used to generate a time-base which initiated the sampling

interval. The output of the timer was used to generate

non-maskable interrupts on the NMr line.

. ,

(

-,"

..

k

o ,-"'" "

•

.

"

"

. ,

Ser~al 110 .

, 0 .-

! RS-232 . RS-4~ RS-4 3 ,

t " .. 3.

Baud ACIA Rate r-+

0

! J "

ePROM RAM

, . "

-.

.

Z 1

TlrTer 1/0 Parallel 110 " ~ , . .

J

J 8 u ffé"rs PTM r---

P 1 A 1 . Data .

A<XIress . Contro

MPU -)

/< L

BUFFERS

Data Address Control Bus Bus Bus

Fig 4.) Block Diagram of Main Micromputer Module f

..

- 42

.

1

lé I--=F

,

( ,

63

6.2.2 Arit~tic Processinq Unit (M68MM16A)

This micromodule [23] provides the capability of 16-bit ...

!

f ixed point operations and 32-bit . fixed/floating point

opera t ions. A vide variety of arithmetic functions are

possible including some trigonometric and inverSe

trigonometr ic funct ions, square roots, logari thms and

exponentials. It is built around the AMD 9511A-l arithmetic

processor vhich runs asynchronously vith a separate 3 MHz

clock. The APU has a base address of SCOOO.

The block diagram of this module appears in Fig 4.4.

Since the timing characteristics of the APU and the MPU are

not quite the same, the latter's control signaIs are latched

during the read and write operations. The Service Request

(SVREQ) linè of the APU signaIs a completion of the operation

and may intefrup~ the MPU either on the IRQ or FIRQ lines, the

latter method being adopted.

6.02.3 Higb-Level A/D Module,'lSA (M68MM15A)

This micromodule [24] features 16 single input or 8

ditf!rential input ana109 channels vith a 12-bit precision A/O

converter and a softvare programmable gain amplifier. It

. '

" contains an on-board OC to OC converter to provide the ±15 Vdc

as required by the Ain converter. The input signaIs may be

either unipolar or bipolar with the following ranges

Onipolar 0 to +5 V ,Ota +10 V

Bipolar ± 5 V , ± 10 V.

The 'end of conversi'on' signal may interrupt the

processor on the IRQ level after a maximum conversion time of

40 micr05econds. The analog signal may be converted into its

two's complement or straight binary equivalent. The block

diagram of this module is shawn in Fig 4.5. The base address

of thi5 module was fixed at $C500. An analog multiplexer i5

used to connect a single channel to the sample and hold and

the 12-bit Ain converter. The module makes use of the MP6812

which contains the analog multiplexer, programmable gain

amplifier, sample and hold, the Ain converter and associated

data bus buffers.

" Only four channels 0 through 3 are used for the power

system stabiliz~r Vs' terminal voltage Vt , reference voltage

V ref and field current Ifd respectively.

•

.J

1

>-

)

(

APU

.... w rn w a: rn ü

~ CI:

"

K

Control LoglC

1 Control Bus

-

RIW

.

'\ Latches K \ / / ..

RIW

SVREQ

Reset

Board Select

Fig 4.4 . Jlock Diagram of APU Module

45

---Data

.. Bus

Buffers K ..

/"

Contro"ed . Buffer

R~glster

Add , Bus Address V

Decoder r-,. ...

-,

-t\

.... ,~

R/W

!':

•

<>

GaIn Control

.. ..

f-;-Buffers 12 BIT

AOC

I~ Wa~PIe.- L<E"'~.~----l

........ oo+-C;.;..H15 Al'4ALOG {1: 1

"'

~

.------~ -~---_~ .. ,...jl COM./STAl

REGISTER

t

Ho Id

'" llvN3 &

CONTROL

DA TA BUFFER & 1 ADmESS

BUFFERS ~ DECODER 1---7"

1 f" DATA ADDRESS BUS BUS

Fig 4.5 Black Diagram of A/O Module

oc-oc CON\.EHT

MUX 1 W-Q:l a

MUX CONTROL

MP 6812

1 GND ~

~

+:-0\

•

l ].

'7 '.2.4 Analog Output Module ISe (M68KMlSCV)

Thi.module [25] whose block diagram appears in Fig 4.6,

features four l2-bit DIA converters with output ranges of 0-5,

0-10, ±5, ±10 Volts, and a straight binary o~ two's complement

input code. An on-board DC to DC converter provides the ±15

Vdc required by the DIA converter. The base address of this

module is SCDOO.

Only one channel i.e. channel 0 is used for the field

voltage Efd'

Besides the modules described above, a memory module

(M68MM04A) vas used ta store the program in EPROM.

D B

ADDA B

--,

~

5

DATA

BUFFER

ADDRESS

BUFFE A

---+f'~. :

HOlDIOO REGISTEFi

04-07

-

Af.)-A3 DAC

SELECT

,

-

AODRESS

DECODER

'--~

Fig 4.6 Block Diagram of DIA Module

00-07

~

-

~

f---

,

,-/

"-

DAC 0

"'Ik

DAC 1

clk

DAC 2

clk

DAC 3

clk

..

+=" 00

J 49

4. 3 1 NTERRUPT STRUCTURE

The APU takes a certain amount of time to perform-

ar i thmet ic operations. At a la ter da te, 'i t may be necessary

for the MPU to perform some other task while the APU is busy.

For this reason, it was found preferable to have the APU ,1

interrupting the MPU rather than to code a polling sequence to

check when the APU is ready. For the same reason the A/D

converters are made to interrupt the MPU.

The 16-bit timer is given the highest priority and

interrupts on the NMI line 50 that an accurate time-base may-

be established. The APU interrupts on the FIRQ line and the

Ain converter on the IRQ line.

. .

"

\

IP

(~ " 1"

50

CHAPTIR 5 SYS'l'1M SOr'l'WARI

Since the excitation system simulator may form a sma!'l

sub-system of the entire power system being simulated, the

user cannot afford to be 'bogged down' with intricate

operating procedures. Also, in a final form, the simulator

will have to stand alone without access to a disk operating

system or any such second~ry support. Hence the software was

to be arranged 50 that the user needs to know the minimum

about the system in order to operate it. This calls for an

interactive input program.

The software vas developed in a modular fashion, the main

subroutines being reentrant. The latter h,s been considered

50 ihat it is possible to have some other task sharing the

same subroutines, operating concurrently ~ith the main

program. This feature of reentrancy will facilitate further

software devëlopment, if necessary.

The

non-time

routines

executed

as the

Whereas

software may be broken up into time cri tical ' and ,

cr i t ical seétions. The former consi sts of those

used in the actual simulation and hence must be

in the shortest time possible. Other routines such

parameter input routines

the time critical sections

are not ~

must be

time critical.

developed ln

assembly language, a higher level programming language may be

[

/

. "

51

used for sections which are not,time critical. However, all

the software vas written in assembly language of the MCS909.

A listing of the software appears in Appendix l. AlI routines

can be classified into a number of categories as will be

explained. The program i5 reasonably well commented and hence

only a brief overall explanation is given. Fig 5.1

pictorially represents the functions of the different routines

and hov they are inter-related with the different peripherals •

/

•

1

, r

OUT

INPUT

I~ PMI A lA

SCAN INVAR OUTSTR INSTR

CONTBL

SIMT8L

REPTBL

TABLES

~\

.- 1 AOC

Vret Vt Ifd Vs

lIBRARY

SIM12 51M3 SIM4 SIM? 1---------

SIMB CONS12 CONST3 CONST4 COOSTl ~TB NMIEX FRŒX IROEX INFOAM

Fi~ 5.1 Functional Representation of Software Routines

DAC

Etd

SUB- LlBRARY

TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4 CONTF 1 CONTf2 COHTF3 CONTF4 FEX OUT PRE L IMIlS CLG SAICON SAT2 SETSAT NWLlMl NWL/M4 ASŒiEX CONSTR

.-

\,J\ l\)

1 53

5.1 MAIN PROGRAM

A typical simulat~on sequence is depicted in Figs 5.2 and -,

5.3. Fig 5.2 shows the i~itialisation procedure. This

consists of first

, followed by reading

resetting the arithmetic processing unit f the system parameter values. During the

)1'

latter proce55 the user is asked which type of excitation

system he wants to simulate. Once' the system type i s

determi ned the system constants are eval ua fed. The program

then sets Efd to 1 pu and asks the user to type 'G' when the

terminal voltage Vt

stabilises. This i5 a precautionary

measure to allow the machine voltage to rise gradually te a

steady value before starting the simulation. After

initialising the timer and clearing flag MNDONE the program

jumps to the proper simulàtion routine.

Fig 5.3 depicts a typical simulation routine. After

waiting for a timer interrupt, the pregram outputs the value ~, "

of E to the DIA converter'and then reads the values of the fd

input signaIs from the A/D converter. This is followed by the

digital simulation in which the value of the exciter output is

calculated.

There is a provision for the user ~c interrupt thé

simulation. To implement this the program scans the keyboard

for a CTRL X which indicates that the user has requested a

/

n

./

54

haIt. A timer interrupt signifies the start of a new sampling

interval. This causes a flag MNDONE_ to be tested, to check if

the numeri~al calculations are complete. If on arrivaI of a

timer interrupt the calculations are not complete, the user 15 ), '

alerted to the fact that insufficient time was allotted for

computations. If the calcula~ions are complete, the return

address is fetched from a table REPTBL, and the simulation

process continues. The flag MNDONE is set at the start of

every cycle of computation and cleared at the end of the

cycle .

'1

55

1 Reset APU

& Zero ail Smulat01 vanables

Read· Inpu t Parameter &

, ' Convert ta APU Format

"

Evaluate Constants

For Se lected

System, \

, . Set Efd = , pu

& Walt for User Request ta Starf -

In.tlalize Timer &

Clear MNOONE

Go ta Appropnate

SimulatIOn RoutIne

Fig 5.2 Flowchart of Main Program

d

. 1 "

'"

N

,.~

"

5 ynChronrze

Wlth tlmer Interrupt

Outpu t Efd &

Read ail Input Signais

\ Scan .. Key board

H ALT

....

•

\

1 Check MNDONE =0

&

1.. TlMER lNTERRUPT

• i)

~

56

. ,

\ r

il t.

57

5 :'2 DEDICATED ROUTINES

The u~::an enoose any one of the S lX exe l t a t ion systems

approved by Fe IE:EE Comm >t tee l "gS 3 .1- 3.61. The cho 1 ce 1 S

represented by the value of the varlaole TYPE ~hlC~ :s :nput t ,

lnteract l vel.y. This value 15 used tO obtaln po:~ter5 !~om the

three tables namely,

(a) SIMTBL

(b) REP'TBL

and ( c ) CONTBL. , ,

These tables contaln

('a) the st,artlng addresses for the dlfferent slmulat10n

rout ines, 1

(b) the addresses for resumlng the slmulatlon at the end

of each cycle of computation, and

(e) the routines for evaluatlng the parameter constants

,associated '*'1 th each of the exc i tat 10n systems.

The table SIMTBL refers ta the rout ines SIM12, SIM3,

SIMB. These are the simulation routines and are time

cri tical. For' this reason, many of the parameter constants

are preprocessed so as to hast en the simulation. The

preprocessing is done at le isure in rout ines CONS12', CONST3, "

CONSTa, prior ta the simulation proper. Their starting

addresses are contained in the table CONTBL.

, s au 1 L a: es CL f a & @!

58

The Types DCl and De2 (Figs 3.1 and '3.2) ar.e 'ldentical

except fo~ the Ilmlts on the voltage regulato~ and hence are

served by the same s lmu:a t lon rout l ne SI M1:2. Rout l nes SIM3,

SIM4, SIM? and 51MB slmulate TY;?es DC3, AC', AC4 and ST1 (FlgS

3.3 - 3.6)~espect:·"rely.

Rout:nes CONS'2, CONST3, CONST4, CONST7 and CONST8 wll1

evaluate al: constants needed to slmulate the dlfferent

components ~: part:cular exc:~at:or. systems 5ucn as ~ne lnput

fllter. lead-lag compensato:-, voltage :-egulator, eXClter, , excltat:on system stao':':ser etc. For example, the constants

of a ~C3 system \F:g 3.3, wil':' oe evaluated by :-cutlne CONST3,

~ whereas CONS'2 w::.~':' be used to calcu':'ate the constants of Ty~

oc '1 and DC2 system (Fl gs 3.' - 3.:2). Rout l ries CONS'!'4, CONST?

andCONSTB areused fo~Types AC~,AC4 andST~ \Flgs3.4-

3.6)~es~ctlvely.

The locations of the above rQutines ln the software

listing lS glven 'in Table 5.'. -.1..--/

Ils ............ g; .... s ...... s~ __ J ~ .. ~3 .... --...... ~s ............ e.2 .. '

59

5UBROUTINE PAGE LINE

'" CONS12 42 2191 CONST3 42 2238

°CONST4 43 2272 CONSTi 44 2313 CONST8 44 2343 51M1 :2 9 469 51M3 12 638 51M4 15 ' 792 S1M7 '9 1015 SIM8 22 1151

CON"I'BL 51 2681 51MTBL ~1 2696

TABLE 5 ••

5.3 GEnRAL PURPOSK ROUT 1 OS

À number of general purpose routines vere used ta

slmulate common transfer functlons and for other purposes.

5.3.1 Tran.fer r~ctioD Routine.

The rout lnes SIM12, 51M3, ... SIN8 in Table 5. 1 cont~in

many features WhlCh are common. For this reason, lt lS

posslble te develop four baS1C 5ubroutlnes TF', 'l'F2, TF3' and

TP4 WhlCh are shared by the slmulatlon routlnes.

ThlS subroutlne sharlng 15 also posslble for the constant ..

evaluatlng subroutlnes CONS12, CONST3, CONST8 referred to

earli~r ln the prevlou~ section. Here too, four baS1C

.-...

1 ..... $ ........ SP ... S~ ..... S .. ~J_~ ... 3 ............ S ....... & ....... 2.'

" ,

o ,

\, 60

subroutines CONTY 1 , CONTF2, CONTF3 and CONTP4, have been

vritten and are shared by CONS12, CONST3, CONST8.

The four basic subroutines that occur repeatedly and

their equivalent difference equation representation are given

belo" .

1. y ( s ) IX ( s)· 1, ( 1 + sT c )

where A· III '+2Tc /T)

-> Yn • A(Xn + Xn-l) - BYn-1

B· (1-2Tc /TJ/(1+2Tc /T)

3. y ( s ) IX ( s) • (1" sT l ) i ( 1 + sT 2 ) Yn • ~ + BXn_l - CYn_1 B • (t-2T1/T)/(1+2T2/T)

4.

where A· (l+2T1/Tli{l+2T2/TI

and C· (1-2T2/T)/(1+2T2 /T)

y ( 5 ) /X ( s) • 1 j 5 y - A(X .. X 1)" Y 1 n ln n- n-where A· T/2

ana T lS the sampling interval.

..

The above four transfer functiors are simulated by the

fQUtlnes TF1, TF2, TF3 and TF4 respectively. The constants A,

Band C requlred for the simulation are evaluated in

corresponding routines CONTY;, CONTF2, CONTF3 and CONTF4.

I.SJU ... S ........ ~S> .. ~3 ....... S ... , .... ~&.I[ ... &.2 .......... ~S .. ~2 ..... 2 .... e.2.

1

\f,

,-~

61

These routines are given in Table 5.2

SUBROUTINE PAGE LINE

CONT' 1 47 247,0 -----:r CONTF2 48 2520

CONTF3 49 2590 CONTF4 49 2573 TF1 7 378 TF2 8 401 TF3 8 424

'TP'4 9 451

&.~ -- TABLE 5.2

5.3.2 .indup and lion win'dup Liai ts

Subroutine LIMITS i5 used to simulate a vindup limit

(section 3.2.1) and routine CLG calculates the variable

ceillnq values dynamlcally for Type DC2 excitation system.

Routines KWLIMI and NWCIM4 simulate non windup limits

(section 3.2.1) assoclated vith transfer. functions TF1 and , ,

T?4. They make use of input and output saturation flaqs which

take on val ues

SOF lf the signal exceeds the upper limi t . SP'O l f the signal 15 less than the lover limit ,and

SOO li the signal is vithin th~ limits.

The' f 14g5 are set by routine SETSAT. These flags are used in

determining the output of the non vindup limite

\

"

1 ... 2.$ ........ SP ... S ....... S ... J~ ... 6 ........... a ... ; ..... & ....... 2

-t 62

Table 5.3,refers to the above subroutines.

SUBROUTINE PAGE LIN!

CLG JO 1554 LIMITS 6 298 NWLIMI 29 1498 NWLIM4 21 1424 SETS AT 30 1584

TABLE 5.3

5.3.3 Exciter Saturation Function

Exciter saturation (secti~n 3.~.2)is represented by the

curve

Se • A exp( B*Efd J

where the values of A and B are computed by routine SATCON

according ta

and

B - ln (Se1/5e2 )/(Efdl -Efd2 )

A • Sel /exp( B*Efdl ). .)

Parameters Sel' Se2' Efdl and Efd2 define the exciter

saturation curve and are input hy the user. Rou~ine SAT2

calculates the value (5 +K )*E e e fd

required in the exciter

f eedbac k l aap •

--

.,

l.s.JI .. ie ....... &~g; .. i~W., ... t.S ... '~ ... 6 .... ~~S .. a .. ~p .. ~S .... __ F

(

\ , ,

..

SUBROUTINE PAGE LIME

SATCON SAT2

46 7

TABLE 5.4

2411 332

63

5.l.' Sa.pliDq Period

Routine SETCNT calcula tes the binary value to be loaded 6

. into the timer to obtain a sampling period as ["equested by,the

user and SCAN vill scan the keyboard at th~ end of each cycle

of computation for a CTRL X, vhich signifie~ a user requested 1

halt.

SUBROUTINE PAGE LINE

SETCNT 45 2381 SCAN 26 \342

TABLE 5.5

5.3.5 A/D' niA Converter 1;0

Subroutine INPUT will read~ the input signaIs required for

the particular excitation system, scale them and convert them

into the the '32-bit format. OUTPRE scales and converts the

32-bit floating point ou~put Efd into a suitable 12-bit binary

number which is to be sent to the DIA converter by ["outine

OUT.

\

1_' .SJl"j~$.I"""2.)P".Jb" •. "'.S".'~"~t.iZ .... ~ .. r.i .. J.~;~i .. ~S ... <J .. S

1

(

1 1 )

. SOBROUTI NE

INPUT .! " OUT

OUTPRE

TABLE

5.' APU ULATED ROUTINES

PAGE

3 3 2

5.6

/

tJ/

" LINE

153 143

11 "

AIl the subroutines mentioned e~rlrer·, require arithmetic .

operations to be performed on 32-bit data. These operations

are carried out in the APU. A number of routines vere ,

requi~ed to manage data transfers to and trom the APU.'

Since the 6809 is an 8-blt processor, the 32-blt data is

vritten onto and read from the APU stack one byte at a time.

Subroutines APUIDL, DREAD, and RDSTAT are used to wait for the

APU to become idle, to read one byte of data from the APU

stack and to read the APU status respectively. LDAPU and

MTYAPU are used to load and read 32-bit data onto and trom the

APU stack, byte by byte.

Subroutine CMn stores the command into the APU command

register and waits for the APU to ~ignal the end of operation.

At thi~ time it reads the APU status and updates the 6809

condition codes 50 that decisions based upon the result of a

calc~lation may influence the program flow. Table 5.7 gives

.

<

J

(

65 , the location of these routines in the Appendiz 1 •

SUBROUTINE ' PAGE . LI-NE

APUIOL 31 1614 . CMD ,33 1714

OREAO 31 1624 LDA~ 32 1657 MTYAPU 31 1638 RDSTAT 32 1685

TABLE 5.7

5.5 IlIftJUWP'r SDVICI ROUTln.

Execution of the software vith SUPERbug [22} in the

system requi res tha t the in terrupt 'se rv ice rout i nes be lin t ten

in the form of a program module. ~IEX, the interrupt service

routine for the timer interrupt, ensures .that the flag MNDONE

is reset before retrieving the return address from REPTBL.

FRQEX services the A,PU interrupt on the FIRQ---l ine by readlng

the APU status into register B. IRQEX is the IRQ interrupt

service routlne. It reads the 12-bit data from the A/O

converter, complements it and stores it properly.

Complementing the input data is necessary since the input

signaIs are negative 90in9 or inverted.

(

•

" 1 'SOBROUTI NE PAGE LINE

IRQEX 5 216 FRQEX 5 212 NMIEX 5 24.8 REPTBL 5 , 2678

TABLE 5.8

5 • , PARANrl'BR 1 HPUT ROUT 1 NB

The input routine INVAR i5 an interactive subroutine

vhich prompts the user to Key in values of the various

parameters, one at a time. lt accepts digits 0-9 and the '-'

and 'B' èharacters as valid ones. Parameters are accepted in

an integer or exponentlal format ego 135 and 135E-3 are valid

formats. Bntering a number wrongly will result in a message

'INVALID NUMBBR FORMAT'

and the user wIll be prompted once again. At the end of the

input routine the user has the option of changing Input

parameters. INVAR makes use of a number of subroutines which

vill be described in the following section.

SUBROUTINE PAGE LINE ..

ASCHEX ,38 1981 CONSTR 38 2016 l NPORM 35 1816 INSTR 37 1960 INVAR 39 2042 OUTSTR 34 1791

TABLE 5.9

. "

~ 67

5.7 trl'ILITY ROUTIHS

A number of routines used in the interaction with the

user vere found necessary. INSTR reads, in a string of

characters terminated by a 'carriage' return' and OUTSTR puts

out a character string terminated by a 'S'. CONSTR converts a

string of ASCII characters lnto hexadecimal equlvalents. It

uses routine ASCHEX to convert a slngle character at a time.

'. It accepts only valid characters.

Subroutlne INFORM converts an'input string of valid

characters lnto a 32-bit floating point number as required by

the APU. ..

5.8 DIAGNOSTICS

It was found useful to include a few diagnostics to alert

the user of certain conditions.

In case the user selects a sampling period that is

smaller than the time required to complete the computations,

i.e. MNDONE=$FF when the timer interrupts, the program halts

and displays an error message and the address where it occurs.

«

( -----

68

Alse, the result of an operation by the APU may give rise

to an error such as divlsion by zero etc., this is reported in

the APU status. Such errors when detected stop the simulation

and an error message is disp1ayed a10ng with the error code

and the address at which it occurred.

5.9 OPKRATIHG PROCEDURE

l t was found to be advantageous to ,have the progr!lm

stored in EPROM and downloaded into RAM in order to po a

simulation. To use the system, the user first downloads the

program into RAM by typing,

, G 4200 '

and then starts the simulation witry, , ,

, GO'.

The program interacts with the user to accept parameter

val ues. Af ter putt i ng in aIl the parameter values, ,the tLi?er

has the option of going through the process again to change

any value desired. Once all the values are entered and the

system constants evaluated, a message

, Wait for Vt to stabilise

Type 'G' to start the simulation '

is displayed.

f

\

69

On starting the simulation, the user can haIt it at any

time with a CTRL X, to which' the program asks

'Do yau wlsh ta relaad the prog~am ? (yiN)'.

A 'Y' will repeat ~he do~nloading procedure and 'N' will pass

control to SUPERbug 50 that a warm start can be executed.

The advantage of this approach 1S that a cold start may

allaw nominal parameter values ln EPROM to be taken

automatically as default values. The system explained above

is very easy to use and does not require the user to know the

details of the simulator. The minimum sampling periods that

can be used varies depending upon the system being simulated

and are given below.

System ' Type

DCl DC2 DC3 AC1 AC4 STl

Min. Sample Interval (ms)

TABLE 5. 10

l 6 1 7 1 4 20 11 14

It has been verified that the corresponding sampling

frequencles are larger than the closed loop bandwidth of

typical systems, the bandwidth being calculated from the

f requency response of the li near ized sys"tem .

• •

. "

, ,

. .

70

CHAPTER 6 SYSTEM TESTS

Ne prototype can be considered complete until it is

subjected to tests to prove its performance. To demonstrate

the behaviour of the excitatIon system simulator, two types of t

tests were conducted. First the slmulator was tested on lts

,\ :own, Le. without interconnect'1on wlth any ether system, and

later when cennected te the micromachine and load .

(

6.10 TESTS CONDUCTED WITHOUT THE MICROMACHINE

The excitation system simulator could have been verified

by conducting tests in the time domain er frequency domain.

Time demain tests would involve· m~asuring the step response . and cemparing it with sorne theoretical results. F-requency

demain tests involve plotting the frequency spectrum and

compar ing i t to the theoret ièal ,spectrum. Hewevér in the

latter method, the system is normally lineariz~d (by removing ,

limits etc.) before obtaining the theoretical frequency

spectrum. Linearization of the system is not necessary when

testing in the time domain. Hence time domain testing is more

accurate and was adopte~'

.1

\ "71

6.1.1 Hicroproçessor Simulation of the Exciter

The first sequence of tests was done on the ~xcltation

system simulator alone. The excltation system was consldered J

to be a separate stand-alone system. The simulator was fed

vlth a set of lnputs and the output was recorded.

At the lnput, fleld current Ifd and the pover system

stablizer Vs ~ere set to zero and the terminal voltage Vt

was'

kept constant at approximately 1 pu (exactly 0.994 pu) vith

the help of a potentlometer. The reference voltage V f vas re changed from approxlmately 1 pu (exactly 1.104 pu) to zero,

one second from the start of the test.

6.1.2 CSMP Simulation

The excitation systems tested as in section 6.1.1 vere

also modelled using Continuous System Modelling program (CSMP)

[26] and simulated off-li~e on an Amdahl mainframe with the

same input conditions and parameter values.

The test was performed for all six excitation systems.

The parameter values used for the test appear in Appe~dix II.

The input and output time responses appear in Figs. 6.1

through 6.6/ The result of the CSMP simulation i5 seen in

_ L

72

dashed lines. lt is observed that the output response of the

Slm'ulator tall:es very "leU wlth that, of the CSMP program. In

the case of Type AC 1 (ln Fi g 3.4), l t was not possIble to

verlfy the output response due to dl~ficulty ln modelling the

exc i ter "'1 th a lower non-w Ind uP, llmi t,of zero ln the CSMP

program.

6.1.3 Inter froll Te.sts

and The close agreement of the ~lcroprocessor sim ("')

the CSMP simulatlons testlfies to the facts that

(a) l nadverten t ca re lessness ,i n pr'ogramming are absent in

the microprocessor software.

(b) The difference equation formulation translated from the

transfer functions using the bilinear transformation described

in section 3.3 has been 'counter-checked by the alternate

formulation of the CSMP program.

The data acquisition system in lREQ, from which the

microprocessor outputs are taken, was usually very busy and

there were claims to its use by higher priority research work.

lts general state of unavailability precludes the possibility

,of exhaustive testing of the modules U1 der aIl conceivable

conditions. Nevertheless the spot checks which have been

performed should of fer a high level of confidence because from

. ,

73

the probabllity basis, unless the tvo sets of programs are

correct, the gooo agreement is highly unll~ely.

In the case of Types AC', AC4 and ST1 r ln FlgS 3.4, 3.5

and 3.6 }, the output tranSlent occurs very quickly due to the

fast response of the excltat:on system. lt would be

preferaole to carry out the same test over a shorter time

interval on an expanded tlme scale and examine the tranSlent

more closely. However .thlS could not be done, due to reasons,

mentioned aboya.

1 \ !

J

Y,

'" ,-

83-03-04 11161168

XIO 0 011 '1

1.5

1.3

1.1

.9 ~

.1 +-

.5 ,

:' .3 "

• 1

=:~ E 3MAX1 1. 133 AI 74~.O

NIN: -.ld70E-Ol -.5 1 1- _ AI GdOO.

XIO 0 PU 3.0

2.0 CSMP output

1.0 Microprocessor Output

';.

.0

-1.0

]MAXI -2.0 [ ~ " -3.0 ' , 2.824

AI CJ83.0 ININI -3.693

-4.0 1

1.2 1.5 AI • 1183E +05 .0 .3 .6 .9 ~ ~ ro = .00 MS XI0 '\ NILLISEC.

Fig 6.1 Type OCl (Microprocessor and CSMP Outputs)

~-~ ~

1

"'-

XIO 0 1.5

1.3

1.1

.9

PU r-,-

• 7 ~-

.5' .-_ 3 1--

• 1 1---

-. l 1-

-.3

\ .

~. "

1 V9lE --",-r ~ ~ Î .-'---~-

83-0J-e~ 89'20'42

--

-.5 ><10 0

:l.O

L-......J._....L_..L..-...ll--L_-L-----JL----L_-L._.L-~ _ _L._...1.__~~_L__'___ ! l "...l _

PU

2.0

1.0

.U

-1.0' ,

-2.0

-3.0

EEil r--II 1 -,-..,-, --,- - l - r­ T .- " 1 --

CSMP output

Microprocessor Output

MAX: 1 • 1 :JG A: 158.0

MIN: - .,254 Of -0 1 A: ~748.

-4.0 .0

Ta =

MAX; ~.9GS A. 177.0

~: .. P' r - rift _- - - - 1 .. r - •• J • , •• r • " ai' -as t - • ft O'?' lM 1 N: - 3. 718 L-...l.-......J._-'--L-.-JI....-..J.I_...l.! _ . ...!~-L.I ---"L-- ~ 1 L i I-----L ~ J ! - J 1 .1 !. - A: 880G •

.3 .b .9 1.2 1.5 .00 MS XIU 4 MILL1~tL.

Fig 6.2 Type De2 (Microprocessor and CSMP Outputs)

-\

'-..J \J\

...

XIO 0 PU 83-03-91 egl2913a

1.5 ,r-' ,VREE, -.-.--.---.-~-1. 3 l-Ll

.q

. 7

.5 1-

. 3

. l 1-

-. 1 1-

-.3 -.5 L-L--L

XI0 a PU 3.0

2.0

1.0

.U

-1.-0

-2.0

~

...

'- -

~

.- ,--.----...-

..."...

•

L--L __ IL~j~+I __ ~-L~L-~

Ji ~

--.-.--~ 1 1

-

MAX: -t A:

J __ ,MIN: , A:

- r--

CSMP output

Micropro<?essor oùtput

~

-3.0

-4.0

""";"' MAX: 1- - '-'-s--.; -.-ç--c--; _ A' 1: 1 : , 1 ;-L_~:::~:[ ___ :~~_~.~'rr·;E;E~.:T§IMIN;

1.5 A:-.0 TO = .00 MS

. 3 .b

Fig 6.) Type De)

.9 1. 2 XI0 4 M J LL 1 ~t. L •

(Microprocessor and CSMP Outputs)

. ~ , .e

ç - .' -

, 1 • 138 44&.0

-.2540[-01 4054.

2.941 190.0

-3.&74 753J.

il'

- "\ ... '~

'l 0\

1:>

'-

X10 0 1.5

1..3 l • 1

.. 9

.7

.5

.3

• 1

-. 1

-B3-03-0~ l~I~~t~J

,p

Of MAX: ,~1. 127. -.3 r

AI '.OOOOE+OO

.../-.5 XI0 0

2.5

L-L-L-~~J-~~-L-L-L~~-J~~L-L-L-~~J-J-~-L-L~,MIN: -.aa47E-Ol ? A: 1845.

2.3 2. 1

1.9

1.7 1.5

1.3

1.1

(

-~

MicrQP~QceSSQr Output

...

.9 tJl. ~MAX'

.7~-:"'r-~~'~"~W...,"~~.~"?~"'U~ •• ~:w~.,.~'~IMI~: 5 1 J l! 1 J J ~ L ~ L ~ I~ A . ~ : .0 .3 .6 """'.9 '" 1.2 1.5 '

TD = .00 MS XiO 4 MILLISEC. Fig 6.4 Type ACl (Microprocessor Output)

""-- ~

2.330 64.00 .610G 9400.

,-

--l --l

X10 a 1.5

1.3 1.1

.9

.7

.5

.3

• 1

-. 1 -.3

~

83-03-0~ 10:~aI2J

".. .. . '

" ,"

MAX: 1.139 A: 54.UO

-.5 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ __ ~ ____ ~~~~~~~,MIN: -.~~47E-Ol IH .1190E+05

XIO 0 v G.O

,ft',

5.0

4.0 3.0 .d.o

1.0

.0

-1.0

--- CSMP output

~ Microprocessor Output c

-2.0 E 1 0 3NAX' 5.310 -3.0 . A: ~ea.o J·-ff-il '1-"'--.732-5 ?T1 a - -fa)f~-a.ll ra g -72j2--7-.---· MINI -374d -4.0' t 'ii i 1 i r i 1 i r 1 i A. ~441

.0 .3 .0 .9 1.~ 1.5· • rD '"' .00 MS XIO 4 MILLISEC.

Fig 6.5 Type Ac4 (Microprocessor and CSMP Outputs)

...... 'w

--,J Cl)

',:

---/"J

83-93-04 la129.54

PU VREF XIU 0

1.5 r-.----,. l r-~--'--'--~~.--r--r-~--'-~--~~I--'---

1.3

1.1 .9 1-

.7 t-

.5 t­

• .J

. 1 -.) J-

-.3 1-

--

-

----

-'MAX: 1 • 13~ A: 5:1&.0

...

-.5 XIa 0

3.0

l IMIN: -.1210E-(11 PU A: d5GO.

d.O

1.0

.0

-1.0

-2.0

-3.0

-4.0 .0

TO :::

f CSMP output

--- Microprocessor Output _

...-

MAX: 2.052 L A: 790.0 ;Ea't -1 --'5-- - -5---,---;'70'5'15' '.flece ·7 Er7a:::iMIN- -3 718

_ 1 -LIli III \.1 •• 1.. -. .3

.00 .IS .6

Fig 6.6 Type STl

• 9 1 • 2 1 . 5 A: 21 36.

XI04 MILLISEC. (Microprocessor and CSMP outputs)

~

. '

Vref

"

"

l ~

-:"

EXCITATION

SySTEM

) ....--, -----. / 3 0

RECTIFIER &

FILTER

E~

-:"

MICRO MACHINE

ea ~~1

eb

e(

Fig 6.7 Layout of Test with Micromachine

,.

'\ )

/

"'"

~

,DELTA -WYE

TRANSfORMER

~ ~

1

.:\-~ , ' \ .\ ',\ ' \: . ,,'

..

LOAD

CP, o

-81

6.2 TESTS CONDUCTED WITH THE MICROMACHINE

A second set of tests was performed with the simulator

connected to the micromachine. The layout of the system used

for the test is shown in Fig 6.7. The synchronous machine is

connected to a delta-star transformer whose secondary feeds a " 1 pu resistive load.

The parameters used for the micromachine are of the

Mânic-5 and are listed in Appendix III. A three phase to

ground fault for 100 milliseconds was forced on the low

voltage sicle of the transformer.~ Figs 6.8 to ~.36 show

waveforms of V t' Ifd and Erd' The nominal parameter values

used for the excitation system appear in Appendix III. Sorne

parameters were altered slightly, one at a time, ta see the

effect on the response.

Figs 6.8 ta 6.'11 refer to the Type DC 1 system of Fig 3. 1 •

Fig 6.9 shows the effect of reduced feedback gain Rf' and Fig

6.10 is for a reduced foward gain Ka' The effect of limits

V . and V is seen in Fig 6.11. Figs 6.12 ta 6.15 show rml.n rmax

the effect of the same parameters for the Type DC2 system in

Fig 3.2.

The behaviour of the Type DC3 system in Fig 3.3 with

nominal parameter values is seen in Fig 6.16. Fig 6.1J snows

/

82

the response for ~=0.2. The effect of variation of limits

Vmax and Vrmin are seen in Figs 6.18 and 6.19 respectively.

Fig 6.20 is for exciter constant ~=O.6.

The response of Type AC1 system ln Fig 3.4 is seen in

Figs 6.21 ta 6.25. The effect of reduced and increased ,

feedback gain Kf are seen ln Fig 6.22 and 6.23 respectively.

Fig 6.24 shows the response for Kc=O.l and Fig 6.25 for

Kd =0.5.

Figs 6.26 ta 6.30 refer ta the Type AC4 excltation system

ln Fig" 3.5. FlgS 6.27 and 6.28 show the effect of variation

o·f 1irnits Vrmax and Vrmin , and FIg 6.29 is for Kc =O.2. F~g

6.30 15 with Vimax and Vimin reduced to ±O.25. l t is observed

that there exists a re1atlvely high ripple in Efd and that the

arnplltude of this ripple Increases with an Increase ih the

foward gain Ka. It is felt that this can be overcorne by

suitable lead-lag compensation as is rnentioned in the IEEE

report [14]. This compensation can be Introduced via tlme

constants Tb and Tc, which for this test had been set ta zero.

Lead-lag compensation is necessary ln this system since it is

the only one without damping feedback.

The behaviaur of the Type STI system in Fig 3.6 lS se en

in FlgS 6.31 to 6.36. Fig 6.32 is for an" increased foward

gain Ka' Fig 6.33 shows the effect of Kc =O.2. The effects of

..

- 1

J, .f

\ i' '

83

limits V. and V.. is seen in FLg 6.34. Figs lmax lmln 6.35 and

6.36~>~refer to reduced and increased feedback gain Kf'

6.3 INTERPRETATION FROM TESTS WITH MICROMACHINE

The correctness of the excitation system ~oftware has

been demonstrated in the tests performed in section 6.1. The

tests in section 6.2 in which the excitation system is

integrated with the micro~achine have ~een intende~ to be spot

checks that the general trends of the e~citation system are

fulfilled.

It may be noted that due to the unavailability of typical

parameter, values for the composite system (i.e. excitation \

system and micromachine) for aIl types of excitation systems, ,

the parameters of the micromachine were kept constant through

aIl tests 50 as to simulate the Manic-5 hydrogenerator.

Hence, due to a possible 'incompatibility' of excitation

system parameters and micromachine parameters, sorne

discrepencies in the respon~es_ may exist.'

Nevertheless a number of observations can be made about

the general behaviour of the system. The terminal voltage Vt

/

,<

1

(

\

8.

, tracks the refereoce voltage Vref even after the occurence of

a severe short circuit fault. The nature of the response is

mainly determined, by the foward gain Ka and the feedback"gain

Kr. A high value of Ka reduces the value of the steady state ,

error and increases the response of t~e sy~tem. However very

high values of Ka result in oscillations in the terminal

vO,ltage. A high value of Kf gives an overdamped respons~

whereas reducing Kr results in a damped oscillatory response.

The effects of the fixed limits and variable limits are seen (1

i'n Figs 6.16, 6.18, 6.26 and Figs 6~29, 6.31, 6.32; 6.33, 6.35

respectively. 1

\ ..

",

XIO 0 l .5

1.2

.9

.b

PU

-~

.3'-- )0

Bl-el-aB 891~31aa '0

VI .', 1 l ,_.- r f ,,~S7 1

1 J .' " 1

-.-

" '1

...

, ,",

MAX: 1.052 A: 2373.

• 0 L 1 l '''-' l 1 1 1 J MIN: -.3908[-01

'XIO 0 PU 10.0

8.0

&.0 4.0

2.0

.0 xIa a

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

.0

TD -

PU

.0

'1--.-T '-,---, ,

A: 1056.

MAX: &.444 A: 1030.

t 1 1 1 L~ j l , 1 L_L t 1 ~M 1 fi;- 2,. ~46 A: 4755.

1.0 .00 MS

..... r'

"\ ~ MAX: 4.094

AI 1630. l ' , l , ' , -lM 1 N: . 2. 1 ge

, l" l , ' l , 1 1,1 , , 1 1 -L.-L.J A: 2391 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 &.0- 7.0 •

Xl U 3 MILL 1 SEC.

Fig 6.8 Type OCI NO. 1 - 1 "..

~

'i ~'

( 1

..

co ~

t

XIO 0

1 .5

1 .2

.9

.6

.3

.0 XIO 0

10.0

8.0

0.0

4.0

2.0

.0 XIO 0

5.0

4.0

J.O -

2.0

1 .0

.0

TD :::;

,-.. . ...,.

83-03-28 09146118

'>

MAX: 1.0G7 J 1 A: 2297.

t...-.J~I_I '1-' l' 1 -1. !~ ,MIN: -.410'tE-01 - A: 1059.

PU

1 T

MAX:

1 • 1 1 . A: L-L Lt--JM 1 N: A:

--.-.--r

0.395, to35. 2.843 45&4.

;;

MAX: 4. 149 A: 11'9b.

.0 1 .0 ~1~1~~'~'J-~~~~~L-J~t-L~~L~I-L~~~I-L~ MIN· l 1 ("\ 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 i_' 1 1 l 1 J • • 24

3.0 4.0 5.0 b.O 7.0 A: 2574. 2.0 .00 f·1S XiO 3 MILLISEC.

Fig 6.9 Type DCl ( Kf~ 0.015 ) NO. 1 - 2

il

.~

(X) -0\

, 1 ~ ~

XlO 0 1.5

1 .2

.• <) ,.

-9' ~

83-03-28 89151183

--r l, 1 r-r

--c;,

MAX: 1.Ob~ A: 3108.

r?

.b

.3

.0 1 1 .,-, 1 1 1.-.L , 1- l lM 1 N: - • 3908E -01 A: lOJO.

X10 0 10.0

8.0

0.0

4.0

2.0

.0 XI0 0

5.0

4.0

~.n

2.0

t .0

.0 . 0

TO ~

MAX: &.370 A: - 102G.

MINI 2.804 A: 119&'. l , l 1_...L~

1.0 .00 MS

Ll-----..L_ 1.. -.1 1 J

2.0 3.0

'(

Fig 6.10 Type OCI (Ka = 50 )

4.0

-r-r'

MAX: AI

MIN: 1 1 1 l ' 1 A:

5.0 0.0 7.0 Xia 3 11ILLISEC.

3.845 147G. 2.125 3537 •

NO. 1 - 4

CD --J

.,

"

1'-

"

X10 a 1 .5

1 . ~

.9

eb

",.e .. ~.

/' ,

°83-e3-28 leleel~5

,0

'"

3 l-~ 0 -----L-J. __ L-1-_1 _J _ L j ,_ l _ 1 1 1

MAX: 1.052 A: 2254.

L..L ",' , 1 1 1" l ,MIN: -.4104E-Ol A: 1053.-'---

XIO 0 10.0

B.O ~ G.O

4.0

'2.0

.0 XI0 0

~.o

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

.0 .0

TD ==

\' -;:.~

- A: 1028. 1 =lMAX: G.385

1 1 J Il ,w 1 1 111 N; 2. 824 / A: 1199.

1 .0 .00 MS

4.0 5.0 G.O X ta 3 MIL 'L 1 SEC.

Fig 6.11 Type OCI ( V rmax =J·5. V i = -J. 5 ) rm n

sr ~

~

.;

MAX: 3.99b A: 1764.

MIN: ' ~. 159

7.0 A: db49.

NO. 1 - ~ &

,.

_ J

J

en en

XI0 0

1.5 1 r VI i 1 1 .

l . ~

.9

.6

si'

o

à3-83-2~ 18'83i49

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 ,

. j

• 3 J- MAX: 1 • 045 -J A: 2295 •

, ~

• 0 1 1 1 lU 1 1 1 1)1 1· 1 1 1 l ,MIN:' -.4494[-01 XI0 0 A: .1057.

10.0

8.0

6.0

4.0

2.0

- ,,0 XIO 0

5.0

4.0 " ~.

l'UI • Q • • L 1 1 1 l ' =:1 MAX :

1 1 1 J _ A· ,1 1 ---.J 1 • PU ' 1 1 l, ln lN: A:

3.0- ,.!' R-,., •• ...,.

2.0

1.0

TO

.0 .0

MAX': A:

1 l , 1 1 1 1 r l' l " 1 1 ) 1 l 1 1 1 1 l , 1 t 1 1 1 -,M 1 ~ ; 1.0 2.0 3 .. 0 4.0 5.0 G.O 7.0'

• OQ MS Xl 0 3 MILL 1 SEC. Fig 6.12 Type_DC~ NO. 2

E>.375 1033. ~./4~

1204.

, . 4.133 18S8.

'2.257 2747.

~

1

1> en \D

.)

..

... '_ .... /

,a"._ ....

Xl U 0 J-lU 83-03-28 19197152

1 • 5 ,-r,.-,V,T",,-"--'--rr.-r.....-.,---,---.---.--1 f l r 1. 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ---~

.9 .-

.b MAX: 1.058

.3

. 0 XIO 0

10.0

'A: ~~05" MIN: -.2931[-01

1 1 LL Il.... ,.1 t A: 1058 •

~r-. -,

8.0

b.O

4.0

2.0 l'a. 1 1 1 ••• $ & t 1 ' MAX: 7.098

1030. 2.345 "1020. .0

XIO 0 5.0

4.0

3.0

2.'0

1.0

• -0

PU __ Ern ~ 1

.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 TD = .00 MS

Fig 6.1) _Type DC2 (Kf

=O.015 ) • ' <

A: MIN:

A:

(, 4.0<34 1 <3GG.

-..1..11111 1 1 1 1 , ,-. - - . 1.358

5.0 , G.O 7.0 tH 2(;18 ..

XIO 3 MILLl~l:.L.

NO • '2 - 2

....

'"

-<

'"

1

-'

\() 0

XIO a ~ PU 83-83-28 18113186

1~5 rTI-"I~~T~lrrïlrr .. ~~--1 1 1 1 1 T~"-'-'ïïrlr-r-r-r-~~'-'-ïr-r~----• '" 1 1

1 .., 1 1

.9

. ()

. 3 1 MAX: 1 .. 045-

A: 237fh . 1 j .0'" '...,a~ 1 L-J.-l-J_-1...-1-..l-!-Li. Il l, , MIN: -.39q8E-Ol

X J 0 0 PU 1 -A: 1 U4 ~.

10.0 r 1 1 1 ~fQ 1 t l l ,.-. -l T' w ..

8 .. 0

0.0

4.0

\

MAX: 0.375 2.0

.0 XIO 0

5.0

~~~~-LI~I~i~-i-LI--'-I~I~I~l-1-L-i~~~JI.~-i-L~JL ~: 3022. 1 1 lit 1 1 1 _-'-l._~ ,J 1 1 • 1 1 ln 1 N: 2 .. 882 A: 1:1"51.

~~~f·-'-'-' l 1

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

o 1 t 1 J JI' • • 1 1 J 1 ~ J 1 l J 1 1 1 1 -L-L-J 1 • 1 1 1 1 ·.0 1.0 -2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 G.O

TD ;; .00 MS XIO 3 MILLISEC .. Fig 6.14 Type DC2 ( Ka = 50 )

(i-"'''

~ 'MAX: A.

MIN: 7.0 A:

3.4G8 1464. d.d72 30GG.

NO. ;2 -- 4

\0 J-I

83-03-28 18'17r34

XlO 0 J .5 PU ~I . 1. , " , r

1 1 f 1

1.2 J-

.<) ,

.6 ~

.3 1-

~

-

-

MAX: 1.053

. 0 . XI0 0

J A: 2917 .. ~ 1 U. 1 • MIN: - • 4 1 04 E - 01

1 IlL I! - A: 1 058 ..

10.Q

8.0

G.O

4 .. 0 2.0 l- MAX: b.380 j A: 1'034 •.

.. 0 l 1 LJ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l ' , • 1 MIN: 2 • 887 XIO 0 PU ~ A: 1163 .. -

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0 -r

~-

rr-'

MAX: A:

.0 • 0

TD ::::

MUi· 1 1 1 l , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 •. 1 l ,. l L....L..L.J..... 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A~ 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 . G.O 7.0

3.884 l/HY .. 2~281 -2772 •

" Xl0 3 MILLISEC ..

Fig 6.15 Type DC2 ( Vrmax =3.5. Vrmin =-3.5 ) NO. ~ - (;

\() N

;J

XIO 0 1.5

1.2

.9

83-83-28 88141127

~I 1 ~T, 1 1 1 f

.b 0--

t,!." ""',

MAX: 1 ~ 075 A: 3847. .3

.0 XiO 0,

lM 1 N: -. 4397E -01 1 1·.... 1 1 1 liA: 104 <3. '

10.0 1 Iii i ',E9 ""T 1 1 1 1 1

8.0

El.O

4.0 . • l1li-..... __ ........ -------- _.-

2. 0 l- MAX: b. 351 -i A: 10~4 • . 0 L 1 1 1 ...L...-.l __ J . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lIt t 1 1 1 1 jM 1 N: 2. q 31

X 1 0 0 PU - A: 1 1 94 •

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0 ,11-

,

011",111111 •• ,.1, 111'11 111

1 ·.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 :TO = '.00 115 Xl0 3 MILLISEC.

Fig 6.16 Type OC;

MAX: 3.615 A: 13GO.

MIN: 2,. 501 7.0 A: 586.0

NO. 3 - l

- !

<>

\l)

'-'"

" 83-93-28 98155113

XIO 0 1 .5

PU .....--r-l ,--'~rI tr-r-r~r-r-r--r-­l ' f- "" 1 r:T,I-'lrr~--r--r-r-'--r-r-'---'-1 1

1.2

• 9 J-

• C o.

.. 3 1-

.0 XIO 0

10.0

8. 0 ~-,-

G.O

4.0

2.0

.0 XIO 0

5.0

4 .. 0

3.0

2.0

1 .. 0

GO TO = • 0

.. r -

-MAX: 1.032

• .II J A: 10~H .. , 1 1 1 L __ L_.L~--L-l __ L L.J.~_.l.---1._ .L 1 MIN: - • 293 1 E - 0 1

A: 1 U~ 1 ..

li Alli', l ,1 ,-,---,-

1 • t') .00 MS

MAX: A:

MIN· 1 1 1 .L... .L--L-L-1 A:

\ . r-l -r-T--.---.- -r'-~--'-T-.---..-.--" ~--'-T-'----'--~--'

MAX: A:

MIN· ....L.L 1 1 1 1 l_L-L-'_L_1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~J 1 1 liA i

2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7 .. 0 Xl0 3 MILLISEC.

7.137 1024. r 2.310 1019.

3.571 1331. 2.423 10~3.

Fig 6.17 Type OC) ,< Kv

=O.2 ) NO. 3 - -t 3

t}

~

'2-

XI0 0 1.5

~l.~

.9

.c

83-83-28 89'84l87

Cc • MAX li. 058 ; 0 lU .• liA l 34 18 • XIO 0. .1 1 1 IMIN: -.4494[-01

o ~

.3

10.0 Al lU~l. T

8.0

b.O

4",0

2.0

.0 XI0 0

5.0

'4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

.0

TO -=

") "<'

MAX: &.483 A: 1 O~9.

Cl 1 1 1 1 1 1 l '1 ) 1 l ,-,MIN: 2.~12 A: 1200.

PU

a

. 0 4.0 5.0 G.O X 1 0:3 MILL 1 SEC.

Fig 6.18 Type De) ( V ==4) 1 rmax '

3.425 2094. '" 2.49&

7.0 A: 3788 •

NO. -3 - 4

. \(). \J\

~

-

X10 0 1.5

1 . ~

.9

.0

.3 ~

.0 XIO 0

10.0 8.0 l-

b.O

4.0

2.0

.0 X10 0 PU

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

83-03-a8 89117138

LJU 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

"-

MAX: 9.075 A: GG93. <,

MIN: -.4104[-01 • 1 • . • , A : 1 04 3 •

" MAX: G.575

A: 1020. MIN. 3. 102

1 1 ri 1 1 l' "1 1 1 1 A: 1191.-" '"

"

MAX: 3.556 A: 1251. 1.0 l-

. • 0 1 1 1 l , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lM 1 N: 2.711

5. 0 G. 0 ~7 • a A: - 3063. .0 1.0 2.0 3&0 4.0 rD = .00 MS X10 3 MILLISEC.

Fig 6.19 Type DC) (V . = 1.8 ) rml.n

NO. 3 - 5

'-0 0\

O'P ,-..,

~ ~ ,

83-83-28 89'28'41 '/

XIO 0 PU .. 0 ':l>

l .5 VT ...

1.2 ~ -.... "., ("

.9

.b MAX: .9790

.3 ~ ) 1 --t A: 3513. MIN: -.351-7[-01

" .0 1 , 1 J.,-oj l' 1 1 , 1 , 1 , ' 1 1 1 1

1 A: 10~7. tJ

0

XIO 0

10.0 1-' , , , 1

, , ,- , 1

, • , , 1

, , , . 1 , • , ,

1 , , , ,

1 , , ,

'-i a

8.0

6.0 t- --l ....

4.0 "MAX: 5.848

2.0 ~ ~ A- 1035. <l 2.628 1 MIN;

.0 1 1 1 1 ' 1 A: 1206. XIO 0

5.0

4.0

-=l.O

2.0 1

MAX: 3.556 1.0 J- -f AI 1302.

.0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1 1 1 1 1 1 l,MI N: ~.d47 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

7.0 A. 4296. .0 1 .0 2.0 3.0' 4.0 5.0 0.0 \()

TO = .00 MS XIO 3 111 LL 1 SEC. "-..l

Fig 6.20 Typ e DC J ( K e = o. 6 ) NO. 3 - G

-

XlO '0 1 .5

1 _ d

.9

.60 ,

1 83-83-28 111e7~4e

MAX: .9595 A: 2771.

,..,..-.. . .

.3

.0 xia a

10.0

.I-.-.L-.L--LJW 1 1 I.-L.t. L.L-J .. l ,M 1 N: -. 3322E -01 A: 1042.

8.0

\..­t:::a

'4.

0.0

4.0

2.0

.0

l aa$i1 0 • • • •• r -:1 '-'-' 1 .,MAX: lIA-

I 1 j • "] 111 N: 1 1 1 • A:

XIO 0 5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

"

~r-Ir-'r-'--r-'r-~-r~r-Y--r-'r-~-r~

.' '" '\.

~

"

MAX: A:

.0 .0

TO =

MIN· 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .-1..-1. 1 1 1 L . ..L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 liAi 1.0 2.0 3.0 ~4.0 5.0 G.O 7.0

• 00 MS Xl 0 3 MILL 1 SEC. "

5~774 1019. 2.623 5581.

3.~39 1~73. 2.125 3240.

Fig 6.21 Type AC1 NO. 4 - 1

\.() Ql

o

XIU 0 l .5

1 • J

PU VT

o9n .b -- (

. 3 1--

83-03-a8 11'15.a1 w

l.-T , -~--..---r. r'--l~'-' :-T,n T' 1

__ _ ___ 1

...

-

-MAX: .9477

-1 A: dGG5 • .0 LL-iJ_-L-JU, , l 1 1 1 ~MIN: -.3908[-01

X 1 0 0 PU . A. 1 045 •

1 O. 0 ~' , 1 r Ir ~ Il

8.0

b.O

4.0

2.0 .0

XIO 0 5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

~_.. ur • • , 1 J • " .... - rw MAX:

A: _l_L----1_1 1 1 _1-_1-..L.--1 1 l ,1 L 1 1-1 • , MIN; A: PU Ero

, f----'--'--'-'I~-' 1 -

1.0 l- A: ~MAX: • 0 L 1 1 1 l, 1 1. 1 1 1 l , , 1 1 1 1 -1_L, 1 III l' 1 M l ~ ;

.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 &.0 7.0 TG == .00 MS XIO 3 MiLL lSl:..L;

5.745 1020. 2.609 1149.

3.298 1419. d.047 2991.

Fig 6.22, ,Type ACl ( Kf=O.Ol ) NO. 4 - 4

\0 \D

...

XlO 0 1 .5

1 .2

83-03-28 11'18'10

P~_~r-r~~I~,~~~~~~~~, -l~~-r-r-.-.-.-r-r-r-r'-'-,,'-'-'-'-'-' ,

MAX: .9&43 A: 2906.

..

.9

.0

.3

.0 MIN: -.4104E-Ol

'","", 1 ~, --L---L---'--L--L--L-~-'-....L--'--~-L-~ ____ ~...L-_____ -"--__ -L-.L..-. ____ ~---'" A : 1 051 . i

XI0 0

10.0 PU ]E~ 1 l-r -y 1 1 1

8.0

G.O 4.0

2.0

.0 XIO 0 PU

5.0

'4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

.0 TD ;;:' D

1"..... · 1 J • pu III -. I.ua. 1 1 fi J'"" 1 .., MAX: 5. 799 A: 10~b.

1 1 1 MIN: 2.618 l , , A: 1198.

1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 .00 115

Fig 6.2) .Type ACl ( Kf= 0.05 )

5.0 G.O Xl0 3 MILLISEC.

MAX: A:

MIN: 7.0 A:

3.273 1390. 2. 110 3900.

NO. 4 - 5 ,

....... o o

83-03-28 11&21120

XI0 0 PU 1.5 ~~ __ ~y'~T~i~.-~-r~~~~,~~~~~~~~~~~~

1 • ~

.9

.E.

.3 MAX: .9634

A: ~572.

..

'--"-~ •. _...L...-.LJU_J .1 _1 1 _ LI 1 l_L-LJ. LJ __ l~_L -LL~J.. MIN: -.4397[-01 .0

XIO 0 10.0

8.0

0.0

4.0

A: 1053.

~ 1 $ • 1 ~. a l-- e, • • lb • t" .... ~MAX: 5.735 A: 1030 •

. a L....L J 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 lM I.i; 2. t\ 52 X 1 a 0 PU A: J 20 1 •

~. 0 1 1 • ",. Ir' 1 j

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

.0 _ TO =' 0

.;

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1. 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MAX: 3. 38 • 00 MS 2. 0 3 0 1 1 1 -'--L 1 1 liA' 1566

1

Fi • 4 . 0 5 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 lM 1

N: 2. 002

g 6

0

.24 Type AC XlO'3 0.0 7.0 A: 2830. 1 ( Kc =0.1 ) MILLISEC. NO. 4 - G

....... o ......

J

XIO 0 1 .5

1.2

83-03-28 11'3es~7

• 9 Il "o., '. '"" • 0 >-

.3

• 0 XIO 0

10.0

8.0

&.0

4.0

2.0

.0 XlO 0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

.0

TO =

PU

MAX: .9448 A: 245b.

I,l 1 IMIN: -.4104E-Ol 1 1 1 1 1 --L A: 1 05J •

~.O 10 '1 4* "._ .... PO. 'c 'I~MAX: 5.&9& A: 1028.

- MIN: 2.b14 L 1 J 1 1 • 1 1 1 J A: 39. 00

MAX: A:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l , 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 =tM 1 ~ : .0 ~ 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 b.O 7.0

.00 115 X10 3 MILLISEC.

3.14& 1440. 2.135 3413.

Fig 6.25 Type ACl ( Kd = O • .s ) NO. 4 - <3

~ o l'V

83-93-28 let~3fe8

XlO 0 1.5

1 .2

.9 1 f "

.6 MAX: 1."027

• 3 J- I 1 é' -i A: 1440. MIN: -.3322E-Ol

• 0 ' 1 & 1 ' ..... ' 1 1 1 A: 1053.

XIO 0 10.0

8.0

G.O

4.0 1 1 1

MAX: &.209

?:~ t. 1 1 ~ A- 1027. I_M1N: 2.843

A: 1198. '" X10 0 PU

7'.0

0.0 5.0 4.U 3.0

~~~~. ~ &.14& 1197 . • 0497 ..... 1501. e .0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 G.O 7.0 \..ù

TO = .00 MS Xi0 3 MILLISEC. Fig 6.26 Type Ac4 NO. 7 - 1

XIO 0 1 .5

l . ~

.<:)

.c,

.3

.0 XIO 0

10.0

8.0

b.O

4.0

2.0

.0 xia 0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1. a .0

TO -

83-03-28 10151150

PU

MAX: 1.011 A: 1393.

L IIJ. 1 l ,MIN: -.3713E-:Ol A: 1 U4~.

~ " '" , ru. ..., 1 .. ... • , 4 1 MAX: b. 1 80

.0 1.0 .00 MS

Fig 6.27

A: 1024. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 MIN: 2. 80C]

- 1 A: 5763;

2. O. 3.0 4.0

Type Ac4 (V - = 4 ) rmax

5.0 G.O XIO 3 MILLISEC.

MAX: 5.071 '.1=1. 1205. MIN: 1 ft 485

7.@] A: 1431.

NO. 7 ",; 3

.... 0 ~

XIO 0 1 .5 • 1 .2

.9

ob

.3

• 0 XIO 0

10.0

8.0

b.O

4.0

2.0

. 0 XI0 0

b.O 5.0

4.0 3.0

83-03-28 10.55113 ...

/

~

MAX: 1.028 A: 1417.

MIN: -.3713[-01 '1.1 1 :op 1 1 1 1 1 l' 1 A: 1 OJ8 •

~

r Il ... , • .'. $ ,IMAX: b.190 A: 1033.

-"'1 1 1 -jM I .. fI 2.882 1 1 • 1 1 liA: 5355 •

2. a . 1 '--'MAX: b. 141 1205. 1.00G 15"00 ..

1 0 t ~ 1 AI • , MIN: • 0' • • 1 1 1 l' 1 1 J 1 l ,,1 '1 t 1 1 lit -1 1 1 • A:

li" .0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 G.O 7.0 TD "7' .00 MS XIO 3 11ILLISEC.

Fig 6. 28 Type AC4 (V .. = 0 ) rml.n

NO. 7 - 4

..... o \.1\

!

XlO 0 1 .5

1. ~

.9

.b

.3

83-03-as 10159128

~

c-

,

MAX: 1 .. 004

• 0 L-Li--l--'----I _L

A: 1424 • MIN: -.3908E-01

p: 1047. XIO 0 PU

10.0

8.0

&.0

4.0

d.O

.0 XIa a

b.n

5.0 4.0 3.0

2.0 1 .0

.0

TD =

~ .,

1 1 1 L 1 1 1 PU 1 1 1 1 1 MAX: 1 1 1 3 A· 1 • 1 1 1 11111. A:

b. 131 1019. 2.799 1 191 •

MAX: 5.27& 1 A;'_127B. 1 1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l, 1 ,MI~; 14~~~ . ( ) 1.0 2.0 '3.0 4.0 5.0' G. o

MILLISEt. """"'- ....... -

'-Fie: 6.29 Type Ac4 ( Kc =0.2 ) ---, NO. 7 - 5

...... o 0\

/--~

xIa 0 1 .5

] .2

.9

.b

.3

. 0 XIO 0

10.0

8.0

~.O

4.0"

83-83-28 11t82147

MAX: 1.030 A: 1387 ..

1 l,MIN: -.3908[-01 • ...,. 1 1 1 A; 1 OJ6 ..

d .. 0 t: " J r--=' 1. b ., - ... • , Ci' ,,-+= i. 1 t ~MA~; - rb1~:

Mltte 2.824 • 0 1 1 1 1 1 J A: 5723 ..

XIO 0 G.O 5.0

4.0 3 .. 0

,

~ AI 2.0 1 1 1 jMAX:

1 : ~ t, 1 1 1 1 1 V. -' 1 • • • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 l 1 1 1 1 I-L M 1 ~ ; . 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 G.O - 7.0

TD - .00 MS XiO 3 11ILLISEC.

0.072 11&5. .444G 1438 .

Fig 6.30 Type Ac4 ( Vimax =0.25. Vimin =-0.25 ) NO. ,7 - 0

...... o -..l

,

l 83-03-28 10123138

XIO 0 1.5 -?

1 .2

.9

.6

.3

• 0 II . . ---L--l

MAX: 1.118 A: 2574 .

MIN: -.3908[-01 "",-,..L.....l--L-L--1I--1I--J,----,L-.l..-.L.-...L.--L--L,.....l--L--I.--J.,--I''---IL--L-.L.--L-...l-.....L.-&..., -4-1 ~---..L-..I"---', A : 1 05 1 •

xIa a 10.0

8.0

b.O

4.0

2.0

.0 XIO 0

5.0

4.0

J.O

2 .. 0

1.0

.0

hua· 00» Il IMAX : G.331 A: 1028.

MIN: 2.73& , 1 l , ••• A: 1 1 99.

r-'

MAX: A:

NIN: .0' 1.0

• 1 1 . ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l ' " 1 A: 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 G.O 7.0

4.915 1l:t1'5. .9429 Il G9.

TD :.= •• 00 fiS X 1 a 3 MILL 1 SEC. Fig 6.31 Type ST1 NO. 9 - 2

.-. o (X)

X10 0 1 .5

1 • ;>

.9

.b

.3

. 0 XI0 0

10.0

B.O

G.O

4.0

2.0

. 0 X10 0 - -- 5. 0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

.0

83-03-28 18121.08

MAX: 1. 137 A: 27GB.

1 lU 1 IMIN: -.4104E-01 liA: 1047 •

MAX; &.341 A: 1023.

r- ":=1MItH 2.682 1 1 J JI' liA: 1 1 94 •

PU f

-..------r--...---.-.----y---y-- -T

MAX: AI

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 :lM 1 ~ ~ 1 n 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0.0 7.0

4.998 1852. .9038 11 ~9. .0/ .l.V

TG =- .00 MS XIO 3 MILLISEC.

Fig 6.)2 Type STl ( K ~ 200 ) a

NO. 8 - 1

1-' o \Q

-- ~"""

83-03-as 10.a9'15 ;;

XlO 0 l l-.:) r, 1.2

.<3

.b MAX: 1.101

.3 A: 2484.

. 0 MIN: -.3615(-01

lU: 1 liA: 1 04 <.3 •

XlO 0 10.0

8.0

b.O

4.0 J\. .. cp , 1 1 " .,. .... • lIt' " ~MAX: b. 97(;

2.0 A: 1019.

.0 XIO 0

1 1 1 1 [,MINI 2.242 A: 1015.

5.0

4.0 . ~

-=l.O

2.0 . MAX: 4.260

1 .0 A~ 10CJ5. MIN: -. 1808

.0 .0 1.0 '5.0 - G.O 7.0

A: 111 t • .... ~ 2.0 4.D 3.0

TO = , .00 MS .XIO 3 ,wlI LL 1 SEC. 0

Fig 6. JJ Type STl ( Kc == 0.2 ) -' NO. a - 4

~,), ..

~ --

XIO 0 1.5

j.2

.9

.0

• 3

... " '----

83-93-28 18'32'82

ç> MAX: 1. 100 0

A: 2488 .

. 0 XIO 0

1 IMIN: -.4104[-01 '\-,I 1 <, ' l- A: 1 05d •

10.0

8.0

G.O

4.0 • • t=f4 n .... I\-t '" n~ 2.0 . ·...MAX:

A: .0 MiN:

X10 0 ' A:

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1. a

.0 Ta _.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

• 00 MS Xi03

MAX: A:

MIN: G.O 7.0

A:

MILLISEC.

6.326 1027. ~./bO

1156.

4.758 1614. .8891 115&.

Fig 6.34 Type STl ( V imax =2. V imin = -2 ) NO .. 8 - 5

'\

..

..... .....

.....

X1U 0 > 1.5

1 _ d

;9 .b

.3

.0 X10 0

10.0

8.0

&.0

4.0

2.0

.0 XlO 0

5.0

4.0

3.0

~'

<$ ,

83-03-28 19134155

"

MAX: 1.133 A: ~3b~.

J_1U IM"I N: - • 3908E -01 A= 1058.

~_ 'J ,rm -. t' id -It1AX: b. ~77 A: 1034 •

• 1 .MIN; 2.653 A: 1200.

r--r~~'--T--r--r-'--'--T--r--r-~

2.0

1.0

.0 • 0

TO =

1 1 1 1 J 1 1 1 1 1

1 0 1 1 ~

• ,,' 1 MAX· • 00 MS ".0 3 0 ," l , 1 A: 5.090 . • 4.0 51 O' 1 1 1 1 • MIN: 2163.

Fl.g 6 35 • fi ,.. 4B85E . Type STl ( Xl0) M .0 7 0 A: 2637 -01 Kr = 0.01 ) ILLl SU;.· .

NO. 8 - &

1t.:.~J:.l~!l;t'l};fd;~W.r~~' ~~O\oj , ~, ! ;~t" \....A~.!r .... "!i-.t.0l.o.:. ... :... .... "- r ./~,\.. • ~"...u'll,~ , ~."~.,,,~ii:f! ..... ,'~ f'

~ ~ ru

".

XIO 0 l .5

1 .2

.9

.6

. 3

--"

83-03-28 10137132

PU VT '~~r-r-~'--r-r-'-'-''-I-J

~

... ~

.,

MAX: 1.121 A: 2470.

MIN: -.3517E-Ol • 0

XIO 0 10.0

1..... L • A: 1059 •

"

8.0

b.O

4.0

2.0 """' ...... ----~. l'r. tin l' •• • , , .IMAX: 7.0&4

A: .1030.

.0 XIO 0

5.0

~~~~~~~-LJ_~-LJ-LJ-LJ-~-L~~-L~~-L~~-L~MIN: 2.30& A: 1025.

4.0

3.0

2.0

1 .0

.0 TO :;:.0

MAX: A:

NIN: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 J A.

- . 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 0.0 7.0

• 00 115 ' .X1Q 3' MILLISÉC.

4. B07. 1763. .B989 1194.

}'ig 6.36 Type STl ( Kf == 0.08 ) NO. 8 - 7

'"

t-' t-' W

,

1 Il'

CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION

The aim of this thesis was to develop a digital real time

excitation system simulator which would interface with the

existing micromachine at IREQ. No attempt was made to arrive

at any new models of excitation systems, but instead the

models recommended by the IEEE Committee [14] were adopted.

Six excitation systems could thus be simulated by the

microprocessor based simulator. Nonlinearities such as the

exciter saturation, non windup limits and rectifier regulation

have been included.

The simulator developed was subjected to two types of

tests. First the excitation system was tested by itself and

its response was compared to that obtained from a theoretical

off-line simulation using CSMP. It is seen that the measured

response compares very favourably with the theoretical

results. Later the simulator was connected to the

micromachine and Ioad and a three phase short circuit was

forced on the machine terminaIs.

expected trends are fulfilled.

It is observed that the

With these tests on the simulator, the aim of this thesis

1S achieved.

115

SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE WORK

Although the digital simulator provides a convenient

method of simulation, certain deficiences are observed.

Future work should consider overcoming these problems.

A single microprocessor and APU combination can be used

to simulate only those systems which are not very complexe

More complex systems imply larger computation intervals and as

a result, it may not be possible to sample input signaIs at a

rate which is fast enough. This may be remedied by using a

16-bit microprocessor and APU combination which can run at

higher speeds, or by introducini sorne form of parallel

processing with a number of APUs.

Researchers who are ~sed to simula~~on with analog

systems may find it desirable to view the time variations of

intermediate signaIs with the help of an oscilloscope. Such a

facility does not exist with the digital simulator. rf such a

facility is desired, a second microprocessor and APU

combiné,iti"on (communicating with the first through a parallel

port) may be used solely for input-output operations, such as

reading in data from ADCs, putting out data to the DACs and

scaling. Since a second microprocessoI will be working in

parallel, it will be po sible to output intermediate signals ,~

to a set "of DACs to monit r the complete performance.

116

t APPENDIX 1

Subroutine Page No. Line No. ---APUIDL 31 1614 ASCHEX 38 1981 BOOT ~ 4 215 CLG 30 1554 CMD 33 1.14 CONSTR 38 2016 CONST3 42 2238 CONST4 43 2272 CONST7 44 2313 CONST8 44 2343 CONS12 42 2197 CONTBL 51 2687 CONTF1 47 2470 CONTF2 48 2520 CONTF3 49 2590 CONTF4 49 2573 DREAD 31 1624 FEX 26 1367 FRQEX 5 \ 272 INFORM 35 1816 INPUT 3 153 INSTR 37 1960 INVAR 39 2042 -IRQEX 5 276 ~---

LOAPU 32 1657 L01 32 1676 LOlO 32 1680 L02 32 1678 LIMITS 6 298 MAIN 2 68 MTYAPU 31 1638 NMIEX 5 248 NWLIM1 29 1498 NWLIM4 27 1424 OUT 3 143 OUTPRE 2 1 1 4 .

- OUTSTR 34 1791 PSS 25 1329 RDRDY 37 1948 RDSTAT 32 1685 REPTBL 51 2678 SATCON 46 2417 SAT2 7 332 SCAN 26 1342 SETCNT 45 ~ 2381 SETSAT 30 1584

tf 117

t Subroutine Page No. Line No.

SIMTBL 51 2696 SIM12 9 469 SIM3 12 638 SIM4 15 792 SIM7 19 1015 SIM8 22 1 1 51 ST32 32 1701 TF1 7 378 TF2 8 401 TF3 8 424 TF4 9 451 TXRDY 34 1780 XSFER 7 364 ZERO 51 2668

..

..... ,----, ,

~ V PAOE 001 EXCIT .AL Il /' /\----

LLF.-120.f. ... ~.NOP J> '\ "" 00005 00001 OPT ' \

00010 00002A 0000 ORO tO \ // '-----/ 00011 00003 * " ;' 00012 00004 * '--~./ 00013 00005 * DEFINITI'OHS 00014 00006 * 0001:S 00007 * 00016 OOOOB • APU EDUATES 00017 00009 * 0001B 00010 * 00019 00011 COOO A APU EaU tCOC)o- 'APU BASE ADDR·. 00020 00012 COOl A APUCHD EDU APU .. 1 " fCOHHAND SEO. 00021 00013 COOO A APUSTK EDU APU .APU STACK 00022 00014 C002 A CTRL EDU APU .. 2 'CONTROL REO. 00023 00015 COOO A BDARD Eau APU 'BTÀRf DATA READ 00024 00016 COOl A BSTRD EDU APU .. 1 'START STÂTUS RE~D 00025 00017 C003 A RDDAST EDU APU+3 'READ DATA/STATUS 00026 00019 * -,~

00027 00019 • 00028 00020 • APU COHHANDS 00029 00021 * 00030 00022 * 00031 00023 0089 A LN EDU .09 00032 00024 0095 A CHBF EDU t95 00033 00025 0090 A FADD EDU t90 00034 00026 0093 A FDIV EDU t93 00035 00027 009C A FLTD EDU t9C 00036 00028 009F A FIXS EDU t9F 00037 00029 009D A FLTO EDU .9D 00038 00030 009A A EXP EDU tBA 00039 00031 0092 A FHUL EDU .92 00040 00032 0091 A FSU8 EDU t91 00041 00033 0088 A PWR EDU $S8 00042 00034 0091 A BORT EDU .Bl 00043 00035 0099 A XCHF EDU t99 00044 00036 0087 A PTOD EDU $87 00045 00037 * 00046 00039 * ACIA EOUATES 00047 00039 • 00048 00040 EC14 A ACSTAT EDU tEC14 'CONSOLE STATUS REOISTER 00049 00b41 EC1:t--. A ACDATA EDU .ECI5 'CONSOLE DATA REGISTER 00050 00042 -* 00051 00043 • SUPERBUO EDUATES 00052 00044 • 00053 00045 E7EO A LESLNK EDU tE7EO 00054 00046 00A5 A SLCPD EDU tA5 00055 00047 OOEO A SLLINK EDU tEO ...... 00056 0004B • ...... 00057 00049 • A/D CONVERTOR EOUATES ())

OOO:S9 OOO:SO • 00059"00051 C500 A AD8ASE EDU tC500 fADC BASE ~DDRESS 00060 00052 C500 A OHAR EDU ADBASE"O 'OAIN HUX. REGJSTER 00061 00053 C501 A ADCSR EDU ADElASE .. 1 'COHHAND STATU9 REOI9TER

PAGE 002 EXCIT

00062 000~4 00063 OOO~~ 00064 OOO~6 00065 000~7 00066 00050 00067 000~9

.ALt 1

00068 00060A 0000 8E 00069 00061A 0003 AD 00070 00062A 0007 00071 00063A 0000 AD 00072 00064A OOOC 00073 00065A 0000 F7 00074 00066A 0010 80 00075 00067A 0013 BD 00076 00060A 0016 B6 00077 00069A 0019 00 00078 00070A 001B B7 00079 00071A OOIE BE 00080 00072A 0021 B6 00001 00073A 0024 40 00002 00074A 0025 AD 00003 00075A 0027 BE 00004 00076A 002A BF 000B5 00077A 002D lOBE 00086 00070A 0031 BD 00007 00079A 0034 BD 00088 OOOOOA 0037 F6 00089 00081A 003A C4 00090 00092A 003C Cl 00091 000B3A 003E 26 00092 00004A 0040 BD 00093 00085A 0043 F7 00094 000B6A 0046 C6 00095 00007A 0040 F7 00096 OOOBOA 0048 FC 00097 000~9A 004E FD 00098 00090A 0051 C6 00099 00091A 00~3 F7 00100 00092A 0056 C6 00101 00093A 0058 F7 00102 00094A 0058 7F 00103 0009~A OOSE OE 00104 00096A 0061 B6 0010~ 00097A 0064 40 00106 00090A 0065 6E 00107 00099 00109 00100 00109 00101 00110 00102 00111 00103 00112 00104 00113 0010~ 00114 00106A 0067 OE

./

.> ~

C~02 A ADOATA Eau *

ADBASE+2 'DATA REGISTER

• • * * 0400 A HAnt

9F E7EO AS

A A

9F E7EO EO

A A

C002 211C IB~9

09E2 30 08E2 0~12 08E2

96 F330 COOO OS9C 19AE lAE4 EC15 7F 47 F4 19A6 EC1S 93 EC19 OA77 EC1C 83 EC19 00 EC18 081F 0~24 OOE2

96

A A A A A A A A

A A A A A A A A A

0034 A A A A A A A A A A A A A

A

MOOO

* * * * .. * * OBOI A OUTPRE

HAIN PROGRAH

LDX JSR FC8 JSR FCB STB JSR JSR LOA SU BA STA LDX LtlA ASLA JSR LDX STX LDY JSR JSR LDB ANDB CHP8 SNE" JSR STB LOB BTS LDD STD LOB ST8 LD8 STe CLR LDX LDA ASLA JHP

OUT PRE

IPHTOP tLESLNKl SLCPD [LESLHK:J SLLINK CTRL ZERO INVAR TYPE •• 30 TYPE 'CONT8L TYPE

[A,Xl "F330 'CDOO ISTHESS OUTSTR RORDY ACDATA '.7F 1'0 NOGO TXRDY ACOATA '.83 tEC19 COUNT .EC1C '.03 tEC19 '.ao tEC18 "NDONE ISIHTBL TYPE

CA.Xl

FORH CHECKSUH OISPLAY AND PLACE 'y

LINK ALL PROGRAH HODULES

RESET APU SET ALL INITIAL CONDITIONS TO ZERO READ INPUT VARIABLES

CONVERT TYPE FROH ASCII Ta HEX 1

REA~ BASE ADDRESS OF CONSTANTS TABLE

COHPUTE CONSTANTS FOR SYSTEM

SET Ef'd TO

START? READ REPLY

o FOR GO?

1 P.U.

ECHO REPLY TO TERMINAL

STOP lIMERS

INITIALISE TIHER

START TIHER CLEAR "NDONE FLAG

00 Ta SIHULATION ROUTINE

SUBROUTINE TO CONVERT THE OUTPUT FROM 3291TS TO 16 Dirs FO~HAT AND TO seALE Il ~PPROPRIA1ELY.

LDX IOUTPUT

l-' 1-' '-0

".

PAOE 003 EXCIT .ALII

0011~ 00107A 006A BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00116 0010BA 006D 86 0 .. A LDA ... IF TYPE Q .. S~IP THIS SECTION 00117 00109A 006F BI OBE2 A CMPA TYPE 00118 00110A 0072 27 08 007C BEa OUTON 00119 00111A 007 .. BD 1902 A JSR LDI ADD 1 TO 09TAIN ACTUAL OUTPUT VALUE 00120 001t2A 0077 C6 90 A LD9 IFADD 00121 00113A 0079 9D 192F A JSR CHD 00122 00114A 007C BE OBAB A OUTON LDX 'OUTSCL SCALE OUTPUT >" 00123 0011~A 007F BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00124 00116A 0082 C6 92 A LDB 'FHUL 0012~ 00117A 0084 BD 192F A JSR CHD 00126 00118A 0087 C6 9F A LDB 'FIXS FIX TO 16 9ITS 00127 00119A 0089 BD 192F A JSR CHD 0012B 00120A OOBC BD 18BD A JSR DRE~D COHPLEHENT TO INTERFACE NITH INPUT ON HACHIN~ 00129 00121A 008F IF 9B A TFR B.A 00130 00122A 0091 BD 18BD A JSR DREAD 00131 00123A 009 .. 43 COMA 00132 00124A 009~ ~3 COHB 00133 0012~A 0096 C3 0001 A ADDD '.1 00134 00126A 0099 FD 0909 A BTD OUTPT STORE IN LOCH. ourPT 0013~ 00127A 009C 39 RTS 00136 00128 * 00137 00129 * 00138 00130 * 00139 00131 * OUT 001 .. 0 00132 • 00141 00133 * 8UBROUTINE TO OUTPUT 16 BIT DATA TO THE DAC. 001"2 0013 .. • 00143 0013~A 009D BE 0809 A OUT LDX OUTPT 001 .... 00136A OOAO 8F CDOO A 8T)( .CDOO 001"~ 00137A 00A3 39 RTS 001 .. 6 00138 * 00147 00139 * 001 .. 8 001 .. 0 • 001 .. 9 00141 * INPUT 00150 001 .. 2 • 001~1 00143 * WILL INPUT VALUES OF VTN.IFDN.VREFN AND VPSSN 00l~2 00144 • 001~3 00t4SA OOA" 96 08E2 A INPUT LBA TYPE JHP TO APPROPRIATE JNSTR. DEPENDINO ON TYPE 001~" 00146A 00A7 B. 01 A CHPA .1 001~5 001 .. 7A 00A9 ?7 IF OOCA BEa ONETWO 00156 001 .. BA OOAB BI 02 A CHPA .2 00157 001 .. 9A OOAO 27 lB OOCA BEO ONETWO 001~8 00150A OOAF 81 03 A CHPA .3 001~9 001~lA OOBI 27 17 OOCA BEO ONETWO 00160 00152A 0083 81 04 A CHPA .4 00161 001~3A 008~ 27 08 009F 9EO SEVEN 1--' 00162 001~4A 0087 81 07 A CHPA '7 l\.) 00163 0015~A 00B9 27 0 .. 008F DEO SEVEN 0 0016 .. 001~6A OOBB 81 08 A CHPA .8 • 0016~ 001~7A OOBO 27 00 OOBF 8EO SEVEN 00166 001~BA 008F 86 03 A SEVEN LDA 'XOOOOOOII OET IFD ON CHANNEL 3 00167 00159A OOCI BE OBA7 A LDX IIFDSCL

PAOE 004 EXCIT .ALI!

00168 001itOA 00169 00161A 00170 00162A 00171 00163A 00172 0016 .. A 00173 0016:5A 0017 .. 00166A 0017:5 00167A 00176 00168A 00177 00169A 00180 00170A 001Bl 00171A 001B2 00172A 001B3 00173A 001S .. 0017 .. A 001B~ 0017:5A 001B6 00176A 001B7 00177 001B8 00178A 00189 00179A 00190 00180A 00191 001BIA 00192 00lB2A 00193 00183A 00194 00184A 0019:5 0018~A 00196 001B6A 00197 00187A 0019B 001BBA 00199 00189A 00200 00190A 00201 00191n 00202 00192A 00203 00193A 0020 .. 0019 .. A 0020~· 0019~A 00206 00196A 00207 00197A 0020B 00198A 00209 00199A 00210 00200 00211 00201 002.12 00202 002.13 00203 0021 .. 0020 .. A 0021~ 0020:SA 0021it 00206A 00217 00207A 00218 0020BA 00219 00209A 00220 00210A 00221 00211A 00222 00212A

OOC" 108E OOCB BD OOCA 86 OOCC BE OOCF 108E 0003 80 000:5 86 0007 8E OODA lOBE OODE BD OOEO B6 00E2 BE OOE:5 lOBE 00E9 BD OOED SE OOEE 80 OOFI 39

00F2 36 00F4 B7 00F7 86 00F9 87 OOFC 3C OOF1f' lE 0100 BD 0103 F7 0106 12 0107 12 010B 80 0108 B7 010E C6 0110 80 0113 37 011~ 80 011B C6 011A 80 0110 80 0120 37 0122 80 012~ 39

0200 0200 BE 0203 10SE 0207 BC 020A 27 020C A6 020E.A7 0210 20 0212 AD

OB17 2B 02 08A3 0813 ID 00 089r 080F 12 01 0898 0808 07 0808 IBDF

A 00F2

A A A

00F2 A A A

00F2 A A A

00F2 A A

ONETWO

• 30 C:500 .... C~OI EF 10 18B7 CODa

A INCO""

IBB7 COOO 9D 192F 10 18DF 93 t92F 18CA 06 1923

A A A A A A A

A A A A A A A A A A A

• • • • .. 000 A BOOT 0000 A 212B A LOP 06 0212 80 A AO A F~ 0207 9F E7DO A ENDXF'

LDY .IFDN 8SR INCO"" LDA .XOOOOOOIO OET VREF ON CHANNEL 2 LDX .VRFSCL LDY .VREFN BSR INCO"" LDA .XOOOOOOOO GET VPSS ON CHANNEL 0 LIlX .VPSSCL LilY .VPSN DSR INCO"" LDA .XOOOOOOOI OET VT ON CHANNEL 1 LPX .VTSCL LDY .VTN DSR INCO"" LDX .VTN JaR LDAPU RTB

PSHU STA LDA STA CWAI EXO JaR STB NOP NOP JSR STA LDB JSR PULU JSR LDB JSR J8R PULU JSR RTS

Y,X SUBR. CO""ON TO INPUT ROUTINE O"AR .XOIOOOIOO START CONVERSION WITH IRO APCBR •• EF WAIT FOR IRQ TO INTERRUPT X,D APUIDL APUSTK

APUIDL APUSTK .FLTS CHD X LDAPU .FDIV CHD HTYAPU D BT32

FLOAT TO 32 BIT FORHAT

SCALE APPROPRIATELY

PROORAH TO BOOT THE ENTIRE PROGRA" FRO" EPROH TO RAH

ORO LDX LDY CHPX BEO LIlA STA DRA JSR

$200 ..... 000 •• 0000 .ZRTS ZRTS IS LAST BYTE OF PRUGRAH ENDXF .X+ .Y+ LOP [t.E7DOJ BREAK ENTRY INTO SUPERBUG

" - ,

~ N ~

~

PAGE 005 EXCIT

00223 00213A 0216 00224 00214 0022~ 00215 00226 00216 00227 00217 00228 00218A 0400 00229-00219 00230 00220A 0400 00231 00221A 0404 00232 00222A 040~ 00233 00223A 0407 00234 00224A 0409 0023~ 00225A 040A 00236 00226A 040B 00237 00227A 040D 00238 00228A 040E 00239 00229A 040F 00240 00230A 0410 00241 00231A 0412 00242 00232A 0413 00243 00233A 0414 00244 00234A 0415 00245 00235A 0417 00246 00236A 0418 00247 00237A 0419 00248 00238A 041A 00249 00239A 041D 00250 00240A 041F 002~1 00241A 0421 002~~ 00242A 0424 002~6 00243A 0426 00257 00244A 0429 0025B 00245A 042D 002~9 00246A 0430 00260 00247A 0433 00261 0024BA 0437 00262 00249A 043B 00263 002~OA 0438 00264 00251A 043D 0026~ 002~2A 0440 00266 00253A 0444 00267 00254A 0447 00268 00255A 0448 00269 002~6A 044A 00270 00257A 044C 00271 002~A 0440 00272 00259A 044E 00273 00260A 0451 00274 00261A 04~3 0027~ 00262A 04~4 00276 00263A 0455 00277 00264A 0458 00278 00265A 04~A

.AL.l

39 7D 27 C~ F'7 AE BF lOBE BD 8E AD

7E 86 B7 108E B6 48 AE AF 38 39 BD E7 3B 39 . BE lE 43

~

B2 A FCB .B2

* * PROGRAH HODULE CONSISTING OF INTERRUPT SERVICE ROUTINES

0400 ~3 03 0064 EEDD A4 FE OOIA FF 00 FB 004E FF 00 FC 0055 FF 00

* * A PHTOP A PHKEY A RPCHT A PHLOTH A PHCKSH A PHHCK9 A HHICD A NHIRAD A NHIIAD A A FROCD A FRORAP A FROIAD A A IROCD A IRORAO A IROIAP A

""IINT OBIF A NHIEX lC 043B Bl A EC19 A 6A Pi OB21 A OBCB A 19AE A 0821 A 9F E7DA A E9 A 16EF A FF A TIHON 00lF A O~OO A 09E2 A

A6 6A

1913 62

C502 10

A A

NHIRTI FROINT

A FROEX A

IRQINT A IROEX A

ORG EOU FCC FeB FOB FD8 FCB FCB FOB FC8 FC8 FCB FOB FCB FCB FCB FDB FCB FCB RTS TST BEQ LDB STO LDX STX LDY JSR LDX JSR FCB JHP LDA STA LDY LDA ASLA LDX STX RTl RTS JSR STS RTl RTS LPX EXG COHA

.400

* 'SLPH' 3 PHEND-PHTOP fEEDD fA4 'FE NHIEX-PHTOP NHI UH-NttlEX o 'FB FRQEX-PHTOP FROINT-FROEX o 'FC IROEX-P"TOP IRQINT-IROEX o

"NDONE IF CALCULATIONS ARE NOT OVER PRINT ERROR TIHON HESSAGE •• Bl .ECIB STOP TlttER 10.S TIHADR .TIHERR OUTSTR .TI"ADR [.E7DAJ DISPLAY ERROR ADDRESS .E9 BREAK 'BREAK EXIT lO SUPERBUO .'FF BET FLAO HNDONE .REPTSL OET RETURN ADDRESS TYPE

A,Y 10.S pLACE RET. ADDR. ON BTACK

RDSTAT READ APU STATUS AND PLACE IN Ace D ON STACK 2.S

ADDATA X.D

READ DATA SECTION TO COHPLEHENT HS9 OF INpUT

,.. .

1-' N 1\)

---

PAGE 006 EXCIT .AL.l

00279 00266A 00280 00267A 00281 00268A 00282 00269A 00283 00270A 00284 00271 00285 00272 00286 00273 00287 00274

045B 53 045C C3 045F lE 0461 AF 0463 3D

00288 00275A OCOO 00289 00276 00290 00277 00291.00278 00292 00279 00293 00280 0029.. 00281 00295 00282 00296 00283 00297 00284 00298 00285A 00299 00286A 00300 00287A 00301 00288A 00302 00289A 00303 00290A 00304 00291A 00305 00292A 00306 00293A 00307 00294A 00308 00295A 00309 00296A 00310 00297A 00311 0029BA 00312 00299A 00313 00300 00314 00301A 003"5 00302A 00316 00303A 00317 00304A 00318 00305 00319 00306A 00320 00307A 00321 0030BA '00322 0030YA 00323 00310 00324 00311 00325 00312 00326 00313 00327 00314 00328 00315 00329 00316 00330 00317 00331 00318

OCOO 36 OC02 DD OC05 C6 OC07 DD OCOA 2A OCOC AE OCOE DD OCll AE OCl3 DD OC16 .c6 OC18 BD OCID 2A-OCID AE OCIF BD OC22 20

OC24 37 OC26 33 OC28 BD OC2B 20

OC2D AE OC2F DD OC32 33 OC34 39

0001 A 01 A 64 A

0464 A PHEND

* * * * * * * * * * * * 10 A LIHITB

18DF - A 91 A 192F A lB OC2 .. 42 A 18DF A 44 A IBDF A 91 A 192F ~A

10 OC2D .. 4 A 18DF A OE OC32

* 10 A HAX 44 A IBDF A 07 OC34

* 42 AHIN U~DF A 46 A ENDI

END

* * * * * * * * *

COHB ADDD EXG aTX RTl EaU

ORG

LIHITS

•• 1 DrX 4,a

*

.COO

END OF PROGRAH HODULE

THIS CHECKS IF VARIABLE LIES WITHIN VUP & VDWN ON STACK XN.VRHIN« . IT AaaUHE8 THAT XN la ALREADY ON aTACK x POINTa Ta VRHAX

PSHU x JaR LOAPU 'Toa mVRHAX Noa - XN LOD IFaUD JSR CHD • TOB.. XN-VRHAX BPL HAX LDX 2.U JaR LOAPU .ToaaVRHIN LDX 4.U JSR LDAPU 'TOS aXN NOS=VRHIN LOD .FSUD JSR CHD HOS -VRHIN-XH DPL HIN LDX 4.U JSR LDAPU 'TOB-XN BRA ENDl"

PULU X LEAU 4.U JBR LDAPU 'TOS ... VUP DRA END

LPX 2.U JSR LDAPU 'TOS = VDWN LEAU 6.U RTS

SAT2

Will calcula~e Se ~or known E'd wi~hin ~he i~er.~ion accordind ~o Se = AleHP<B*E~d~

USER STACK CONTAI NB E'd« ON RETURN (Se+Ke)E~d IS ON TOS

.....

o

r-' l\)

\..ù

f)

~

-- " f!o.>4Îi

PAGE 007 El<.CIT .AL.l ~

00332 00319A OC35 AE C4' A SAT2 LDX .U 00333 00320A OC37 BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 00334 00321A OC3A BD 1902 A JSR LDI 00335 00322A OC3D C6 90 A LDB _FADD 00336 00323A OC3F BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS= P.u. VALUE 01' EFd 00337 00324A OC~2 8E OA61 A LDX _SATB 0033B 00325A OC~5 BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 00339 00326A OC4B C6 92 A LDB .FHUL 00340 00327A OC4A BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS=B*El'd 00341 0032BA OC4D CC OOBA A . LDD _EXP 00342 00329A OC 50 BD 192F A JSR CHD fTOS=EXP(B*El'd) .' 003~3 00330A OC53 9E OA5D A LDX _SATA 00344 00331A OC56 BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 00345 00332A OC59 C6 92 A LDB _FHUL 00346 00333A OC5B BD 192F A JSR CHD 00347 00334A OC5E 8~ 09CO A LDX _KE 00349 00335A OC61 QD 19DF A JSR LDAPU

0

003~9 00336A OC6~ C6 90 A LDB _FADD , 00350 00337A OC66 BD 192F A JSR CHD tTOS=SE-tKE 003~1 00338A OC69 37 10 A PULU X 00352 00339A OC6B BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 00353 00340A OC6E C6 92 A LDB .FHUL 00354 003~lA-OC70 BD 192F A JSR CHD fTOS=(Se-tt<e)El'd 0035~ 00342A OC73 39 RTS 00356 00343 * 00357 00344 * 00359 00345 • XSFER 00359 00346 * 00360 00347 * TO CONVERT THE PRESENT VALUES TO PAST VALUES 00361 00348 * ON ENTRY X = N~h VALUE POINTER 00362 00349 * Y = Nlth VALUE POINTER 00363 00350 * ~ , 00364 00351A OC74 EC 84 A XSFER _ LDD .X 00365 00352A OC76 ED A4 A STD .Y 00366 00353A OC79 EC 02 A LDD 2.X 00367 00354A OC7A ED 22 A STD 2.Y 00368'00355A OC7C 39 RTS 00369 00356 * 00370 00357 * 00371 00359 * TF1 00372 00359 * 00373 00360 * SIHULATES TRANSFER FUNCTION 1 00374 00361 * ON STACK U IS YN-l.B.A< 00375 00362 * IN X IS XN-l< 00376 00363 * IT ASSUMES XN lS ALREADY ON APU STACK "" " 00377 00364 *

, 00378 00365A OC7D BD 18DF A TF1 JSR LDAPU 1-' 00379 00366A OC80 C6 90 A LDB _FADD N 00380 00367A OCB2 BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS=(XNtXN-l} {::" 003Bl 0036BA OCBS 37 10 A PULU X 003B2 00369A OC87 BD 18DF A JSR LbAPU 00383 00370A OC BA C6 92 A LDB _FHUL 003B4 00371A OC8C ~D 192F A JSR CHD .. 'TOS = A*<XNtXN-l)

-~

PAGE 008 EXCIT .ALU

00385 00372A OC8F 37 10 A PULU X 00396 00373A OC91 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00397 00374A OC9~ 37 10 A PULU X 00388 00375A OC96 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00389 00376A OC99 C6 92 A LDI' .FHUL 00390 00377A OC9B BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS ... B*VN-l NOS=A(XH+XN-l) 00391 00379A OC9E C6 91 A

~ .FSUB

00392 00379A OCAO BD 192F A CHD '1'oS-'(N 00393 003BOA OCA3 39 RTS 00394 00381 * 00395 00382 *~'

00396 00383 * TF2 00397 00384 * 00398 00385 * ON STACK YN-l.S.A< 00399 003"86 * XPOINTS TO XN-l OO~OO 00387 * 00401 003B8A OCA4 BD 18DF A TF2 JSR LDAPU 'T08-XH-l H08&XH 00402 003B9A OCA7 C6 91 A LDB 'FSUB 00403 00390A OCA9 BD 192F A JSR CHOa fTOS-<XH-XN-l) 00~04 00391A OCAC 37 10 A PULU X ........... 00~03 00392A OCAE BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU ': 00406 00393A OCB1 C6 92 A LDB 'FHUL 00407 00394A OCB3 BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS""A*<XN-XN-l) 00408 00395A OCB6 37 10 A PULU X 00409 00396A OCBS BD lSDF A JSR LDAPU 00~10 00397A OCBB 37 10 A PULU X 00411 0039BA OCBD BD IBDF A JBR LDAPU 00412 00399A OCCO C6 92 A LOB .FHUL 00413 00400A OCC2 BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS=-B*VN-l NOS-A*<XN-XN1) 00~14 00401A OC CS C6 91 A LDB .FSUB 00~15 00~02A OCC7 BD 192F A JSR CHD 'rOS-VN 0 . 00416 00403A OC CA 39 RTS 00417 00404 * 00418 00405 * 00419 00406 * TF3 00420 00407 * c. 00421 00408 • ON BTACK YN-l.C.S.XN-l« ,-~

00422 00409 • X POINTS TO A 00423 o04io • 004~~ 00411A OCCB BD 18DF A TF3 JSR LDAPU 00425 00412A OCCE C6 92 A LDB IFHUL 00426 00413A OCDO BD 192F' A JaR CHD fTOS=A*XN 00427 00414A OCD3 37 10 A PULU X .. 00428 00415A OCDS BD 18DF A JaR LDAPU 00~29 00416A OCDe 37 10 A PULU X 00430 00417A OCDA BD lBDF A JaR LDAPU 'TOS = B.NOS=XN-l 30S=A*XH 1-' 00431 00418A OC DO C6 92 A LDB .FHUL N

\J\ 00432 00419A OCDF Br 192F A JSR CHD .TOS=O*XN-l NOS ~ A*XN 00433 00420A OCE2 C6 90 A LDB IFADD 00~34 00421A OCE" BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS = A*XN+B*XN-l 00435 00422A OCE7 37 10 A PULU X 00436 00423A OCE9 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00437 00424A OCEC 37 10 A PULU X

~

" PAOE 009 EXCIT .ALII 1)

00438 00425A OCEE 80 . 180F' A J8R LOAPU 00439 00426A OCFl C6, 92 A LD8 .FHUL 00440 00427A OCF3 BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS - C*YN 00441 0042SA OCF6 C6 91 A LOB .FBUB 00442 00429A OCF8 ~O 192F A JSR CHO 'TOS .. YN 00443 00430A OCFB 39 RTS 00444 00431 * 00445 00432 * 00446 00433 * TF ... 00447 00431\ • " 00 ... 48 00435 * STACK YN-l.A« 00449 00436 * X POINTS TO XN-l 00450 00437 • 00451 0043SA OCFC BD IBDF A TF'" JSR LDAPU 00452 00439A OCFF C6 90 A LOB .FAOO 00453 00440A 0001 BO 192F A JSR CHO • T06-XN+XN-l. 00454 00441A 0004 37 10 A PULU X 00455 00442A 0006 BO IBOF A JSR LOAPU é\

004~6 00443A 0009 C6 92 - A LOB tFHUl 00457 00444A ODOD 80 192F A JSR CHO 'TOS - A*<XN+XN-l) 00459 00445A OOOE 37 10 A PULU X 00459 00446A 0010 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00460 00447A 0013 C6 90 A LOB .FAOO 00461 00448A 0015 BO 192F A J8R CHD 'TOS - YN 00462 00449A 0019 39 RTS 00463 00450 • 00464 00451 * 00465 00452 • 91"12

/-00466 00453 • 00467 00451 • WILL SIHULATE TYPE 1 OR 2 SYSTEH e 00468 00455 • 00469 00456A 0019 7F OA75 A SI"12 CLR OUTSAT

~ 00470 00457A ootc 20 FE OBtC STOPIN BRA STOPIN WAIT FOR 1.~ TI"ER HEO. TRANSITION 00471 00458A OOtE 90 9D A REP12 J8R OUT - OUT will ou~ .. u~ 12 bi~ No •• ddr in )( 00472 00459A 0020 90 A4 A JSR INF'UT re.da .11 in .. u~ ••• c.le ••• tore •• ~o.=VTN 00473 00460A 0022 108E 08EE A LOY ITR 00474 00461A 0026 BO 1704 A JSR CHKZ 00475 00462A 0029 27 12 0030 BEO 8t<IPll IF TR-0.8t<IP l.t9LOCK 001\76 00463A 002B lOBE OA7D A lOY IANI 00477 00464A 002F BE OA45 A LDX IFB 00478 00465A 0032 CC OA41 A LDD IFA 00479 00466A 0035 36 36 A. PSHU Y.X.D 00480 00467A OD37 BE 0805 A lDX tVTH1 00481 00468A 003A BD OC7D A J8R TFt TOS-AN INPUT FJLTER SIHULATEO 00482 00469A 0030 BD 18CA A SKIPll JBR tHYAPU 00483 00470A 0040 CC OA7D A LDD IANI ...... 00484 00471A OD43 BD 1923 A JSR 8T32 AN (or VTN) STOREO AS ANt N 00485 00472A 0046 BE 0813 A LOX tVREFN ~ ~

00486 00473A 0049 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00487 00474A 004C BE OA7D A LDX IANI 00488 00475A 004F BD 180F A JSR LDAPU 00489 00476A 0052 C6 91 A LDB 'FSUB 00490 00477A 0054 BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS,..VREFN-AN

... PAGE 010 EXCIT .ALll

00491 00470A 00~7 OE OA05 A LOX .BNI 00492 00479A 005A BO IBOF A JSR LDAPU 00493 004BOA OO~O C6 91 A LOB 'FBUB 00494 00491A OD~F BD 192F A JBR CHD TOS-VREFN-AN-SNI -BN., 0049lS 00402A 0062 BO 16B3 A JBR PSB AOO VPSS ., 00496 004B3A 0065 BD IBCA A J8R HTYAPU 00497 004B4A OD6B CC OABI A LOD 'BN 0049B 004B5A 006B BO 1923 A JBR 8T32 00499 004B6A OD6E BE OABI A LOX 'BN 00500 00497A OD71 BO 100F

~

A J8R LOAPU 00501 004BBA 0074 lOBE OBFC A LDY 'TB 00502 004B9A 007B BD 1704 A J8R CHKZ 00503 00490A OD7B p 26 09 00B6 BNE OH12 00504 00491A 0070 lOBE 090A A ~DY 'TC 00505 00492A ODSI BO 17D4 A /JBR CHKZ IF TB-TC-O.SKIP 2ndBLOCK 00506 00493A 00B4 27 17 0090 ." \. ( BEO SKIP21 00507 00494A ODS6 10SE OABO A OH12 ) LDY .CNI 00500 00495A OOBA BE OA6lS A LOX 'COHPC 00lS09 00496A OD9D CC OA69 A LOD 'CB OO~IO 00497A OD90 36 36 A PBtlU Y.X.O 00511 0049BA OD92 BE OAB5 A LDX .BNI 00512 00499A 0095 36 10 A PSHU X OO~lJ OO~OOA OD97 BE OA60 A LDX 'CA 00514 0050lA OD9A BD OCCB A JSR TF3 TOS-CN' CONPENBATOR SIHULATEO 00515 00502A 0090 BD lBCA A BKIP21 JBR HTYAPU 00516 00503A ODAO CC OAB9 A LOD 'CN 00~17 00504A ODA3 BD 1923 A JSR 8T32 CH( or BN)STORED AS CH OO~18 OO~OlSA ODA6 B6 09E2 A LDA TYPE

" 00lS19 00506A ODA9 01 01 A C'HPA U (ASCII 1) 00520 00507A ODAB 27 19 00C6 BEO FIXED 00521 0050SA ODAD lOBE 0996 A LDY IVDWH 00~22 00~09A ODBl 8E 09B2 A LDX .VRHIH 00523 00lS10A 00B4 CC OBOB A LOD 'VTN 00524 00511A ODB7 36 36 A P8HU Y.X.O 00525 00512A ODD9 B~ 09BB A LOX 'VUP 00526 00~13A ODDC :.~ 10 A PSHU X 00527 00514A ODSE 9E 09A4 A LDX 'VRHAX -

----0052B OO~llSA ODCl BD IS5A A J8R CLO CALCULATE LIHITS OF TYPE 2 SYSTEM 00529 00516A ODC4 20 14 ODOA DRA AHPLIF 00530 00517A OOC6 SE 09A4 A FIXED LOX 'VRHAX 00531 00519A ODC9 lOBE 09B9 A LDY tvup 00532 00lS19A ODCD BD OC74 A J8R X8FER VUP-VRHAX f 00533 00520A ODOO BE 09D2 A LOX .VRHIN 00534 00521A 0003 lOBE 0996 A LOY 'VOWN 00535 00522A ODD7 BO OC74 A JSR XSFER VDWN-VRHIN 00536 00523A ODOA OE OA99 A AHPLIF LOX 'CN 00537 00524A ODDD BD 190F A JaR L[1APU t-' 00530 00525A ODEO BE 0926 A LOX 'KA l\) 00539 00526A 00E3 BD IBDF A JSR LOAPU -...J 00540 00527A ODE6 C6 92 A LDB 'FHUL

- 00541 00~29A ODE9 BD 192F A J8R CHD 00lS42 00529A OOEB BD ISCA A JSR HTYAPU 00543 00530A OOEE CC OA91 A LOD 'DN

, - : .... '~~*-. ..

\

PAOE 011 EXCIT .ALII

" , ~1

OO~~~ 00~31A ODFI BD 1923 A JBR BT32 ~-OO~~~ 00~32A ODF~ lOBE OA9~ A LDY .DNI 00~~6 00~33A ODFB BE OA91 A LDX 'DN 00~47 00~3~A ODFB CC OA9D A LDD .ENI .. 00~~8 00~3~A ODFE 36 36 A P9HU Y,x,D 00~~9 00536A OEOO 8E OA99 A LDX 'E.N 005~0 00~37A OE03 BD 17E6 A JBR NWLIHI TOB-FN 00~51 0053BA OE06 BE OAC~ A LDX .OHI 00552 00~39A OE09 BD lBDF A JBR L[lAPU

0 00553 00540A OEOC C6 91 A LDB 'FBUB 00554 00541A OEOE BD 192F A J9R CHD TOB-FN-ONI-ON OO~~~ 00542A OEil BD IBCA A JaR HTYAPU 00556 00543A OE14 CC OAA9 A Ul[l ION 00~S7 00~~4A OE17 BD 1923 A J9R 9T32 ON STORED AS ON 00558 00545A OEIA SE OAA9 A LDX 'OH 005~9 00546A OE1D BD lBDF A JaR LDAPU TOB-OH

> ,L 00~60 00~47A OE20 108E OAB~ A LDY IHHI 00561 005~8A OE2~ 8E OA~9 A LllX IEA 00~62 00~~9A OE27 36 30 A PBHU Y.x . \ 00563 00550A OE29 8E OAAD A LDX .OHI ,. 00564 00551A OE2C BD OCFC A JBR TF'" TOB-HN 00565 00552A OE2F BD 18CA A JBR HTYAPU

" 00566 00553A OE32 CC OAB5 A LDD - _ IHNI 00567 0055~A'OE35 BD 1923 A J9R ,5T32 HNSTORED AB HN1 00568 00~55A OE38 BE OAB5 A LDX I.HHI 00~69 00556A OE3B BD IBDF A JSR LDAPU 00570 00557A OE3E 8E 09CE A LDX ITE 00571 00550A OE41 BD 18DF A JBR LllAPU 00~72 005~9A OE4~ C6 93 A LOB 'FDIV 00573 00560A OE ... 6 BD 192F A JBR CHD TOB-PN 0057... 00561A OE49 BD IBCA A JBR HTYAPU 00575 00562A OE4C CC OAB9 A LDD 'PN 00~76 00~63A OE4F BD 1923 A J9R 9T32 PN STORED AB PN 00~77 00~64A OE52 BE OAB9 A LDX 'PH, 0057B 00~6~A OE~~ 36 10 A PBHU X 00~79 00566A OE57 BD IBDF A JBR LDAPU 00580 00567A OE5A BD OC3~ A J9R 9AT2 TOS-ON 00~01 00~68A OE~D BD 18CA lA J9R HTYAPU 005B2 00569A OE60 CC OAC5 A LDD .ONI 005B3 00~70A OE63 BD '< 1923 A JBR BT32 ON STORED AO ONI ~ 00584 00571A OE66 108E OACD A LDY .RHI

,/

00505 00572A OE6A 8E OA5~ A LDx 'DB ~< " 00586 00~73A OE6D CC OA51 A LDD '[lA ' "' . , 00~B7 00~74A OE70 36 36 A PBHU Y.X.D 00~B8 00~7~A OE72 8E OAB9 A LDX 'PH 00589 00~76A OE75 BD lBDF A JSR LllAPU 00590 00577A OE78 8E OABD A LllX IPHI ~ 00~91 00~78A OE7B BD OCA4 A JaR TF2 TOB .. RN 1'\) 00~92 00579A OE7E BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU CD 00~93 00580A OEBI CC OACD A LDD .RNI 00594 00~B1A OE84 BD 1923 A JSR 9T32 RN STORED A9 mu 0059~ 00582A OE87 BE OACD A LDX 'RNI 00596 00583A OE8A BD IBDF A JSR LDAPU

. "" ~ ... ~~ F.uit:.

r

PAOE 012 EXCIT .ALII

00597 005B4A OEBD BE <l9DC A LOX .~F 00598 00585A OE90'BD lBDF A J8R LDAPU 00599 00586A OE93 C6' 92 A LOB .F"UL 00600 00587A OE95 BD 192F A J8R C"D T08-SN 00601 005BBA OE9B 90 lBCA A J8R "TYAPU 00602 005B9A OE9B CC OA05 A LDD .SNI 00603 00590A OE9E SD 1923 A JBR ST32 SN STOREO AS) SNI 00604 00591A OEAI BE OA9D A LOX .PHI 00605 00592A OEA4 lOBE OBOI A LDY .OUTPUT 00606 00593A OEAB BD OC74 A J8R XSFER OUTPUT-PHI 00607 00594A OEAB BE OB09 A L.,X .VTN 0060B 00595A OEAE lOBE 0905 A LIlY OVTNI 00609 00596A OE92 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER VTN1-VTN 00610 00597A OEB5 lOBE OA95 A LDY .SNI 00611 00590A OE99 OE OA91 A LDX .9N 00612 00599A OEBC BD OC74 A JSR XSFER SNI-DN 00613 00600A OEDF 8E OA89 A LDX .CN 00614 0060lA OEC2 lOBE OABO A LilY .CNI 00615 00602A OEC6 BD OC74 A JBR XSFER 00616 00603A OEC9 BE OA91 A LOX .ON 00617 00604A OECC lOBE OA95 A LOY .ONI 00618 00605A OEDO BD OC74 A JBR XSFER 00619 00606A OED3 BE OA99 A LDX .EN 00620 00607A OED6 lOBE OA9D A LOY .ENI 00621 00600A OEDA BD OC74 A JBR XSFER 00622 00609A OEDD OE OAA9 A LDX .OH 00623 00610A OEEO lOBE OAAD A LOY .ONI 00624 00611A OEE4 BD OC74 A JBR XSFER 00625 00612A OEE7 lOBE OABD A LOY OPHI 00626 00613A OEEB BE OAB9 A LOX OPN 00627 00614A OEEE BD OC74 A JSR XSFER PHI-PH 00628 00615A OEFI 90 67 A J8R OUT PRE PREPARE OUTPUT TO 16 BIT AND 8TORE IN X 00629 00616A OEF3 7F OB1F A CLR HNDONE 00630 00617A OEF6 7C EC10 A INC $ECI0 PROVIDE OUTPUT AT PIA PORT A PAO 0 00631 00618A OEF9 7E 16C4 A JHP SCAN 00632 00619 * 00633 00620 * 00634 00621 $ SIH3 00635 00622 • 00636 00623 • WILL BI"ULATE TYPE 3 BYSTE" 00637 00624 • 00638 00625A OEFC 7F OA75 A BI"3 CLR OUTBAT INITIALIBE OUTSAT TO ZERO 00639 00626A OEFF 20 FE OEFF STP3 PRA STP:! 00640 00627A OFOI 90 90 A REP3 JSR OUT • 00641 00620A OF03 90 A4 A JBR INPUT INPUT REAOB IHPUTB.BCALEB 1 STORES VT AT TOB 00642 00629A OF05 lOBE OBEE A LDY OTR 1-' 00643 00630A OF09 BD 1704 A JBR CHKZ N 00644 00631A OFOC 27 12 OF20 9EO SKIP13 ~ 00645 00632A OFOE lOBE OA7D A LDY OAHI 00646 00633A OF12 8E 0"45 A LPX .Fe 00647 00634" OF15 CC OA41 A LDD OFA 00648 00635A OFIB 36 36 A PBHU Y"X.D 00649 00636A OF1A 8E OB05 A LDX OVTN1 ,

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PAGE 013 EXCIT .AL 11

006~0 00637A OF1D DO OC7D A JSR TF1 TOS-AN 006~1 00638A OF20 DO 18CA A SKIP13 JSR HTYAPU 006~2 00639A OF23 CC OA7D A LOO OANI 006~3 00640A OF26 DO 1923 A JaR ST32 STORE ANCOR VT)AS ANI 006~4 00641A OF29 8E OD13 A LDX OVREFN 006~~ 00642A OF2C DO 18DF A JSR LOAPU 00656 00643A OF2F 8E OA70 A LDX OAHI 00657 00644A OF32 BD 180F A JSR LDAPU 0065B 00645A OF35 C6 91 A LDB .F8U8 00659 00646A OF37 BD 192F A JSR CHO TOS=VREF-AN=8N 00660 00647A OF3A BD 16B3 A JSR P8S AOO VPSB ., 00661 00648A OF3D BD 18CA A JSR "TYAPU 00662 00649A OF40 CC OA81 A LOD ODN 00663 00650A OF43 80 1923 A JSR ST32 DN STORED AS BN 00664 00651A OF46 BE 0918 A LOX .KV 00665 006~2A OF49 108E 09BB A LOY .VUP 00666 00653A OF40 BD OC74 A JaR xaFER VUP-KV 00667 006~4A OF50 8E 091B A LOX OKV 0066B 006~5A OF~3 108E 0996 A LDY .VDWN 00669 00656A OF57 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER 00670 00657A OF5A B6 0996 A LDA VOWN 00671 0065BA OF5D BA 80 A DRA OSBO INVERT SIGN TO HAKE -KV 00672 006~9A OF5F B7 0996 A STA VOWN 00673 00660A OF62 8E OA81 A LDX 08N 00674 00661A OF65 CC 0996 A LOD OVOYN 00675 00662A OF6B 36 16 A PSHU X.O 00676 00663A OF6A BD 180F A JSR LOAPU 00677 00664A OF6D 8E 0988 A LDX OVUP 00678 00665A OF70 DO ocoo A JSR LIHITS TOS-CN 00679 00666A OF73 BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 00680 00667A OF76 CC OA89 A LOD OCN 00691 00668A OF79 80 1923 A JSR ST32 STORE CN AS CN 00682 00669A OF7C BE OA71 A LDX OCOEFF 00683 00670A OF7F BD lBDF A JSR LOAPU 006B4 00671A OFB2 8E OA89 A LOX OCN 0068~ 00672A OFB5 BO 190F A J8R LOAPU 006B6 00673A OFBB C6 92 A LOB OFHUL 006B7 00674A OF8A BD 192F A JSR CHO 00688 00675A OF8D BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 00689 00676A OF90 CC OA91 A LOD .OH 00690 00677A OF93 BD 1923 A JSR 8T32 ON STOREO AS ON 00691 0067BA OF96 108E OA75 'A LDY .OUTSAT 00692 00679A OF9A BE OA9D A LOX OENI 00693 00680A OF9D CC OA95 A LDO OONI 00694 00681A OFAO 36 36 A PSHU y.x.o 0069~ 00682A OFA2 lOBE OA91 A LOY .DH 00696 00683A OFA6 BE OA99 A LDX .EN 1--' 00697 00684A OFA9 CC OA76 A LOD OINBAT W 00698 00685A OFAC 36 36 A PSHU Y.X.O 0 00699 00686A OFAE 8E OA91 A LOX OOH 00700 00687A 'OFBl BD 176D A JSR NULIH" TOB-FN 00701 00688A OFD4 DO 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 00702 00689A OFB7 CC OAA5 A LOO OFNI

.. ./

PAOE 01 .. EXCIT .ALIt

00703 0069014 OFBA BD 1923 A JSR 8T32 8TORE FM A8 FMI 00704 00691A OFDD SE OASI A LDX .DM

\ 0070~ 00692A OFCO DD ISDF A J8R LDAPU TOS=BM 00706 0069314 OFC3 SE 0996 A LDX .VDNM 00707 0069414 OFC6 BD ISDF A JSR LDAPU TOS-VDNN MOS-DN 00708 0069~A OFC9 C6 91 A LDB .F8UB 00709 0069614 OFCD DO 192F A J8R CHD TOS-BH-VDNH 00710 0069714 OFCE 1028 OOBF 1091 LPHI BELON3 00711 0069814 OF02 BE OA81 A LDX' .BN 00712 0069914 OFD~ DD IBDF A JSR LDAPU 00713 0070014 OFDB 6~ 09B9 A LDX .VUP 00714 0070114 OFD8 qD ISDF A J8R LDAPU 0071~ 00702A OFDE C6 91 A LDB .FSUB 00716 0070314 OFEO 80 192F A JSR CHD TOS-BN-KV 00717 0070414 OFE3 102A 00D7 109E LBPL ABOVE3 00718 0070~A OFE7 SE OAA:5 A LDX .FMI 00719 00706A OFEA lOBE 014149 A LDY .ON 00720 0070714 OFEE 80 OC7 .. A JSR XSFER ON-FN 00721 0070BA OFFI BE 014149 A OH3 LDX .ON 00722 00709A OFF4 80 lBDF A JSR LDAPU 00723 00710A OFF7 BE OACD A LOX .RM1 00724 0071114 OFFA 80 1SDF A J8R LOAPU 0072:5 0071214 OFFD C6 91 A LD8 .FSUB 00726 00713A OFFF 80 192F A JSR CHO T08==H~ 00727 00714A 1002 BD tSCA A J8R HTYAPU 0072S 0071:5A 100:5 CC OABI A LOD .HM 00729 00716~ 1008 8D 1923 A J8R 8T32 STORE HN AS HN 00730 0071714 100B BE OADI A LDX .HN 00731 00718A 100E 8D IBDF A J8R LOAPU 00732 00719A 1011 lOBE OA8D A LOY .PHI 00733 00720A 101:5 BE OA:59 A LDX .EA 00734 00721A 1018 36 30 A "SHU Y.X 0073~ 0072214 101A BE OA8~ A LOX .HNI 00736 00723A 1010 8D OCFC A J8R TF" T08-PN 00737 0072 .. A 1020 BD 18CA A J8R HTYAPU 00738 0072~A 1023 CC OA80 A LOO .PHI 00739 00726A 1026 80 1923 A JSR 8T32 007 .. 0 00727A 1029 BE OADO A LOX .PHI 007 .. 1 0072SA 102C 80 ISDF A J8R LDAPU 00742 00729A 102F 8E 09CE A LDX .TE 00743 00730A 1032 80 IBDF A JSR LDAPU 007.... 00731A 103:5 C6 93 A LOB .FOIV 007"~ 00732A 1037 8D 192F A JSR cno 10S=ON 007 .. 6 00733A 103A 8D lSCA A J8R HTYAPU 00747 00734A 103D CC OACI A LOD .OH 007 .. B 0073~A 1040 80 1923 - A JSR 8T32 ON STORED AS ON 007 .. 9 00736A 1043 BE OAel A LDX .ON 007~0 00737A 10 .. 6 36 10 A P8HU X !-.J 007:51 0073SA 104S 8D OC3:5 A J8R 8AT2 TOS-RN U

!-.J 007:52 00739A 104B BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 007:53 007 .. 0A 10 .. E CC OACD A LOD .RNl 007~" 007 .. 114 10:51 80 1923 A JSR ST32 007:5:5 00742A 10:54 SE OAC5 A LDX 'ONI

.. PME 01~ EXCIT .ALtl

007~6 00743A 10~7 lOBE OBOI A LDY tOUTPUT 0<W!57 00744A 10~8 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER OUTF'UT"OHI 007~8 00745A 105E 8E OBOB A lDX 'VTN 00759 00746A 1061 108E OBO~ A LDY IVTHI 00760 00747A 1065 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER VTN1"VNT 00761 0074BA 106B BE OA91 A LDX IDN 00762 00749A 106B lOBE OA9~ A LOY 10Nl 00763 007~OA 106F BD OC74 A JSR XSFER 00764 00751A 1072 BE OABI A LDX tHN 00765 00752A 1075 lOBE OAB5 A LDY IHNI 00766 00753A 1079 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER 00767 00754A 107C 8E OACI A LDX tON 00768 00755A 107F 108E OAC5 A LDY tONl 00769 00756A 1083 80 OC74 A JSR XBFER ONI-ON 00770 00757A 10B6 9D 67 A JBR OUT PRE PREPARE O/P TO 16 BIT 1 STORE IN X 00771 00758A 1088 7C ECI0 A INC tECI0 00772 00759A 10B8 7F 08tF A CLR "NDONE 00773 00760A 108E 7E 16C4 A JHP SCAN 00774 00761 • 00775 00762A 1091 BE 0982 A BELOW3 LDX tVRHIN 00776 00763A 1094 108E OAA9 A LDY 'ON 00777 00764A 1098 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER 00778 00765A 109B 16 FF53 OFFI LBRA ON3 00779 00766 • 007BO 00767 • 00781 00768A 109E BE 09A4 A ABOVE3 LDX 'VRHAX 00782 00769A 10Al lOBE OAA9 A LOY 'ON 00783 00770A 10A5 80 OC74 A JSR XSFER 007B4 00771A 10AB 16 FF46 OFFI LBRA ON3 00785 00772 * 00786 00773 • 00787 00774 • 00788 00775 • 00789 00776 • BI"4 00790 00777 .. WILL 8IHULATE TYPE 4 EXCITATION SYSTEM 00791 00778 • 00792 00779A 10AB 7F OA75 A SIH4 CLR OUTSAT 00793 00790A 10AE 9E 09A4 A LDX tVRHAX 00794 00791A 10Bl 108E 0989 A • LDY tVup 0079~ 00782A 1085 BD OC7 .. A JSR XSFER 00796 00783A 1088 8E 09B2 A LDX tVRHIN 00797 00784A 10BB IOdE 0996 A LDY tVDWN 00798 00785A 10BF ~~ OC74 A JSR XSFER 00799 00786A 10C2 20 FE 10C2 STP" BRA STP" OOBOO 00787A tOC4 90 9D A REP4 JSR OUT OUT WILL OUTPUT 16 DIT NO POINTED TO DY X 00801 00788A 10C6 90 A" A JSR INPUT INPUT WILL READ ALL I/PS .SCALE I.STORE.TOS=VTN 00802 00789A 10C8 lOBE OBEE A LDY tTR ....... 00B03 00790A 10CC BD 17D4 A JSR CHKZ W 0080.. 00791A 10CF 27 12 10E3 BEO SKIPI .. l\.)

0080~ 00792A 1001 108E OA70 A LOY tANl 00806 00793A 1005 8E OA45 A LOX IF8 00807 0079 .. A 1008 CC OA41 A LDD 'FA 00B08 00795A 1008 36 36 A PSHU V.X.O

.. PAOE 016 EXCIT .ALII

00809 0079614 100D 8E OBO:5 A LDX IVTtU 00810 0079714 10EO BD OC7D A JSR TF1 TOS"AN 00811 0079814 10E3 BD leCA A 8KIP14 JSR I1TVAPU 00812 0079914 10E6 CC 01470 A LOO .ANI 00813 00800A 10E9 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 AN( OR VTN)STOREO AS ANI 00814 0080114 10EC 8E OB13 A LDX IVREFN 00815 0080214 10EF BD 18DF A JSR LOAPU 00816 0080314 10F2 8E OA7D A LDX tANl 00817 00B04A 10F5 BD lBOF A JSR LDAPU 00818 0080:5A 10F8 C6 91 A LDB .FSUB 00819 00B06A lOFA BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS=VREF-AN 00B20 00B07A 10FD BE OAFD A LDX IXNl 00821 00B08A 1100 BD 18DF A JSR LOAPU 00822 0080914 1103 C6 91 A LOB IFSUB -\ 00823 0081014 110:5 BD 192F A JSR CHO TUS-8N 00824 0081114 1108 BD 1683 A JSR P88 ADD VPSS ., 00825 00812A 110B BD leCA A JSR I1TVAPU 00826 0081314 110E CC 01481 A LOO IBN 00827 00814A 1111 DO 1923 A JSR ST32 9N BTORED AB DN 00828 0081514 1114 8E 01481 A LDX 18N 00829 0081614 1117 80 leOF A JSR LDAPU 00830 00817A IliA 108E 09014 A LOV ITC 00831 00818A IllE BD 1704 A JSR CHKZ 00832 00819A 1121 26 09 112C BNE ON4 00833 0082014 1123 108E 08FC A LDV IT8 00834 0082114 1127 80 1704 A JSR CHKZ 00835 00822A 11214 27 17 1143 BEO SKIP24 00836 0082314 112C 108E OA8D A OH4 LOY ICNI 00837 0082414 1130 8E OA6:5 A LOX tCOt1PC 00838 0082:5A 1133 CC 01469 A LOO tCB 00839 0082614 1136 36 36 A PSHU V.X.O 00840 00B27A 1138 8E OAB:5 A LOX tBNI 00841 0082814 113B 36 10 A PSHU X 00842 0082914 1130 8E OA6D A LOX tCA 00843 0083014 1140 BD OCC8 A J8R TF3 TOS-CN 00844 0083114 1143 BD 18CA A SKIP24 JSR I1TYAPU 00845 00832A 1146 CC 01489 A LOO tCN 00846 0083314 1149 BO 1923 A JSR ST32 CNCOR BN) BTORED AB CN 00847 00834A 114C 8E 01489 A LOX tCN 00848 0083514 114F BD leOF A J8R LDAPU 00e49 0083614 1152 8E 0926 A LDX IKA 00850 0083714 115:5 BO 180F A JSR LDAPU 00851 0083814 1158 C6 92 A LOB IFHUL 00852 0083914 11514 BD 192F A JSR CHO TOS=ON 008~3 00B40A 1150 BD 18CA A JSR HTVAPU 00854 0084114 1160 CC 01491 A LOD ION 00855 00B42A 1163 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 DN STORED AS ON 00856 00843A 1166 108E OA95 A LDY IDNI ~ 00857 0084414 11614 8E 01491 A LOX UlM \...) 00858 0084514 116D CC 01490 A LOO lENt \...)

00859 0084614 1170 36 36 A PSHU Y.X.O 00860 0084714 1172 8E 01499 A LOX tEN 00861 00848A 1175 BD 17E6 A JSR NWLII11 TOS=FH

,.". .

PAOE 017 EXCIT .ALll

00962 00949A 1179 9E OAED A LOX .VNI 00963 008~OA 117B BD 190' A JBR LDAPU 00864 008:51A 117E C6 9th" A LOB .FBUB 0086~ 009S2A 1180 BD 192F A JBR CHD TOS-OH 00866 008S3A 1183 BD 19CA A JSR KTYAPU (00867 008S4A 1186 CC OAA9 A LOD .ON 00868 008S'!5A 1199 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 OH STORED AB OH 00869 009:56A lise BD 1902 A JBR LOI 00870 009S7A 119F 8E OAA9 A LOX .ON 00871 009S9A 1192 BD 190F A JSR LDAPU 00872 00959A 119S Cl. 90 A LOB .FAOO 00873 00860A 1197 BD 192F A JBR CHD TOB-ON+l. 00974 0086lA 119A 2E OE l1AA BOT NORK 0087S 00862A 119C 7F OABI A CLR HH 00876 00963A 119F 7F OAB2 A CLR HN+l 00B77 00B64A llA2 7F OAB3 A CLR HH+2 00878 0086'!5A l1A:5 7F OAB4 A CLR HH+3 00979 00866A llAB 20 lE IIC9 DRA DIVTE 008BO 00B67A I1AA 108E OABS A NOR" LDY .HNI / 00891 00969A 11AE 9E OA~9 A LDX .EA 't) 00892 00B69A llBI 36 30 A PBHU Y.X 00BB3 00S70A l1B3 BE OAA9 A LDX .ON 00994 00971A l1B6 BD 19DF A JBR LDAPU 0089S 00872A I1B9 8E OAAD A LDX .OHI 00896 00873A ltBC BD OCFC A JBR TF4 TOS-HN 00997 00874A l1B~ BD IBCA A JSR KTYAPU 00898 00875A I1C2 CC OABI A LDD .HN 00899 00876A l1C5 BD 1923 A J8R ST32 HN 8TORED AB HH 00890 00877A IIC8 BE OABI A DIVTE LDX .HH 00891 00979A IICB BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 00992 00879A liCE L~ 09CE A LDX _TE 00B93 00990A llDl BD 19DF A J8R LDAPU 00B94 0098iA 1104 C6 93 A LOB .FDIV 00895 00882A 1106 BD 192F A J8R CHD TOS"'PH 00996 00893A 1109 BD 19CA A J8R HTYAPU 00997 00884A IIDC CC OAB9 A LDD .PN 00898 0098SA tlDF BD 1923 A J8R ST32 PN STORED AS PH 00899 00896A I1E2 BD 1902 A JBR LDI 00900 00987A IlES 8E OAB9 A LDX .PH 00901 00999A IlE8 BD 19DF A JBR LDAPU 00902 00889A llEB C6 90 A LDB _FADD 00903 00990A liED BD 192F A J8R CHD 00904 00991A l1FO BD 18CA A JBR "TYAPU ~0090S 00992A l1F3 CC OAB9 A LDD .PH 00906 00993A 11F6 BD 1923 A JSR 8T32 PH-PH+l 00907 00994A I1F9 7D OAB9 A TST PN

1-' 00908 00895A 11FC 2E OE 120C BOT CALFEX 'vJ 00909 00896A llFE 7F OACI A CLR ON +=" 00910 00997A 1201 7F OAC2 A CLR OH+l

00911 00899A 1204 7F OAC3 A CLR OH+2 00912 00999A 1207 7F OAC" A CLR OH+3 00913 00900A 120A 20 .. 1 1240 BRA FDCK 00914 00901A 120C 9E OB17 A CALFEX LDX .IFDN

~.

PAGE 01B EXCIT .ALtl

0091~ 00902A 120F 90 1BDF A JBR LDAPU 00916 00903A 1212 BE 09 .. 2 A LDX II<C 00917 00904A 121~ DO lBDF A JSR LOAPU 0091B 0090~A 121B C6 92 A LOB IFHUL 00919 00906A 121A BD 192F Il JBR CHO 00920 00907A 1210 8E OAB9 Pl LDX IPN 00921 0090BA 1220 BD lBDF A JaR LDAPU 00922 00909A 1223 C6 93 A LOB IFOIV 00923 00910A 1225 9D 192F A JaR CHD TOB-IN 0092 .. 00911A 122B BD lBCA A JaR ttTYAPU 0092~ 00912A 1228 CC OB18 A LOD lIN 00926 00913A 122E BD 1923 A JaR 6T32 00927 00914A 1231 BE OB1B A LDX .IN 00929 00915A 123 .. 36 10 A paHU x 00929 00916A 1236 BD 16F4 A JBR FEX TOB-SN 00930 00917A 1239 BE OAB9 A LDX _PN 00931 00918A 123C BD 180F A JBR LOAPU 00932 00919A 123F C6 92 A LOB .FttUL 00933 00920A 1241 8D 192F A JaR CttO TOB-ON 0093 .. 00921A 1244 80 lBCA A JaR ttTYAPU 00935 00922A 1247 CC OACI A LOO _ON 00936 00923A 124A 80 1923 A JSR ST32 TOS-ON 00937 00924A 1240 BE OAB9 A FOCI< LOX .PN 00938 00925A 1250 36 10 A PSHU )(

00939 00926A 12~2 80 OC35 A JBR aAT2 TOS-UN 00940 00927A 1255 BE 0817 A LDX IIFDN 00941 0092BA 12~B 80 lBOF A JaR LDAPU 00942 00929A 1258 BE 0950 A LDX 11<0 00943 00930A 125E BD 18DF A JaR LDAPU 0094.. 00931A 1261 C6 92 A LDB IFHUL 009 .. 5 00932A 1263 80 192F A JBR CttO TOB-TN NOB-UN D

009 .. 6 00933A 1266 C6 90 A LDB .FAOO 00947 00934A 1268 BD 192F A JSR CttD TOS-W. 00948 00935A 1268 80 18CA A JBR HTYAPU 00949 00936A 126E CC OAE9 A LOD 'V" 00950 00937A 1271 80 1923 A JBR 6T32 VN BTORED AB VN 009~1 0093BA 1274 lOBE OAF5 A LDY .WH1 009~2 00939A 1278 8E OA5~ A LOX lOB 00953 00940A 1278 CC OA51 A LOD .DA 00954 00941A 127E 36 36 A P6HU Y.X.D 009~5 009 .. 2A 1280 8E OAE9 A LDX .VH 009~6 00943A 1283 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00957 009 .... A 12B6 BE OAED A LDX IV"l 00959 00945A 12B9 BD OCA4 A JSR TF2 TOS==WH 00959 00946A 128C 80 IBCA A JBR HTYAPU 00960 00947A 12BF CC OAF1 A LOD IWN 00961 009 .. BA 1292 BD 1923 A JaR BT32 WH STORED AS WH 00962 00949A 1295 BE OAFI A LDX 'WN 1-' 00963 009~OA 1298 90 IBDF A JaR LDAPU w 0096" 00951A 1298 BE 09DC A LDX II<F \.J\

00965 009~2A 129E BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 00966 009~3A 12Al C6 92 A LOB .FttUL 00967 0095 .. A 12A3 80 192F A JaR CHD Toa .... XN

,,-

PAOE 019 EXCIT .ALIi

00968 009331\ 12A6 BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 00969 009361\ 12A9 CC OAFD A LDD .XHI 00970 00937A 12AC BD 1.,23 A JSR ST32 XH STORED AS XHI 00971 00939A 12AF 9E OAC3 A LDX .OHI 00.,72 00939A 12B2 lOBE OBOI A LDY 'OUTPUT 00973 00960A 12B6 BD OC74 A JBR XSFER OUTPUT-OHI 00.,74 00961A 12B9 BE 0"80B A LDX 'VTH

J 00973 00"62A 12BC lOBE OB03 A LDY 'VTN). 00976 00963A 12CO BD OC74 A JSR XSFER VTNl=VTH ( 00977 00964A 12C3 BE OABI A LDX 'DN 00978 00963A 12C6 108E OA83 A LDY 'BNI 00979 00966A 12CA BD OC74 A JSR XSFER OHI-PN 00990 00967A 12CD BE OAB9 A LOX 'CN 00.,91 00969A 12DO lOBE OABO A LDY .CNI 00'182 00969A 1204 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER CNI-CH 00.,83 00970A 12D7 8E OA9! A LDX '[IN 00994 00.,71A 12DA 10AE OA93 A LDY .OHI 00993 00972A 12DE BD OC74 A JSR XSFER 00996 00973A 12El hL. OAA9 A LOX 'ON. 009B7 009741\ 12E4 108E OAAD 'A LDY 'OHI 0099B 00973A 12E8 BD OC74 A JSR ~ XSFER 009B9 00976A 12EB BE OADI A LOX 'HM 00990 00977A 12EE lOBE OAB3 A LOY .HHl 00.,.,.- 00.,7BA 12F2 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER HNI-HN 00.,92 00979A 12FS 8E OAB9 A LDX 'PN 009'13 00990A 12F8 lOBE OABO A LDY 'PHI 00994 00981A 12FC BD OC74 A JSR ,XSFER PNI-PH 00"93 OO.,82A 12FF 8E OACI A LDX 'ON 00.,96 009B3A 1302 lOBE OAC3 A LOY 'DtU 00997 00984A 1306 BD OC74 A JSR XSFER ON1-0N 00"'18 ~0"B3A 1309 BE OAE9 A LOX 'VN 00'199 009B6A 130C lOBE OAEO A LDY .VHl 01000 009B7A 1310 BD OC74 A JSR XBFER VNI-VH 01001 009BBA 1313 BE OAFI A LDX 'WN 01002 00989A 1316 lOBE OAF3 A LDY 'WHI 01003 00990A 131A BD OC74 A JBR XBFER WNto:WN 01004 00991A 1310 'ID 67 A JBR OUTPRE PREPARE O/P TO 16 DIT 1 STORE IN X 01003 00992A l~lF 7F OB1F A CLR HNDONE 01006 00.,.,3A 1322 7C EC10 A INC IEC10 01007 00.,94A 1323 7E 16C4 A JHP BCAN 0100B 00993 * 01009 00996 * 01010 009.,7 * 01011 00998 * BIH7 01012 009.,9 * 01013 01000 * WILL SIHULATE TYPE 7 SYSTEH 01014 01001 * ....... 0101S 01002A 132B 20 FE 1328 SIM7 DRA BIM7 WAIT FOR BYHC.IRONIZINO INTERRUPi/ Iv.)

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..

PAGE 026 EXCIT .ALII

01339 01326 • WILL SCAN TUE f<EYBOARD FOR A CONTROL Y. WHICH WILL CAUSE A 01340 013.;l7 • SUSPENSION OF THE PROORAH 01341 01328 • 01342 01329A 16C4 B6 ECI4 A SCAN LDA ACSTAT CHECt< I<EYBOARD 01343 01330A 16C7 84 01 A ANDA .... 01 01344 013311\ 16C9 27 F9 16C .. liED SCAN .r> 0134:5 01332A 16CB F6 ECI5 A ~n9 ACDATA 01346 01333A 16CE C4 7F A ANDB •• 7F 01347 01334A 16DO Cl 18 A e"PB •• IB lB IT CONTROL X ., 01340 01335A 16D2 26 FO 16C .. BNE SCAN 01349 01336A 16D.. C6 al A LDB .... Bl 013:50 013371\ 16D6 F7 EC18 A STB ... EC1B BTOP TIMER 01351 01338A 16D9 lOBE 0:536 A LDY '"REBT 01352 01339A 16DD _D 19AE A JSR OUTSTR \ OUTPUT MEBB. REBOOT ., 01353 01340A 16EO BD lAE4 A JaR RDRDY 01354 01341A 16E3 F6 EC15 A LDB ACDATA 01355 01342A 16E6 C4 7F A ANDB 1 ... 7F 01356 013 .. 3A 16EB Cl 59 A CMPB l'y IF y (FOR YES) REBOOT 01357 013 .... A 16EA 26 03 16EF IINE BREAt< 0135B 013 .. 5A 16EC 7E 0200 A J"P BOOT 013'59 01346A 16EF AD 9F E7DO A BREAl< JSR [.E7DO] RETURN TO BUPERBUG 01360 Ot347A 16F3 B2 'A FCB .B2 01361 0134B • 01362 013 .. 9 • FEX 01363 01350 • SUBROUTINE UBED IN TYPE .. SIMULATION 01364 01351 • STACt< A« 01365 01352 • X POINTS TO A 01366 01353 • 01367 01354A 16F4 BD lBDF A FEX JSR LDAPU TOSDA 0136B "01355A 16F7 BE 08AF A LDX 'FEXA f', 01369 01356A 16FA BD 18DF A JaR LDAPU TOS-0.433 NOS-A 1 01370 01357A 16FD C6 91 A LOB IFsue Oi371 0135BA 16FF BD 192F A JaR CHD TOS-A-0.433 01372 01359A 1702 2F 34 173B BLE FiO 01373 01360A 1704 AE C4 A LDX .U 0137 .. 01361A 1706 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 01375 01362A 1709 BE OBB3 A LDX IFEXB 01376 01363A 170C BD IBDF A JBR L[lAPU TOS-0.75 NOS-A 01377 0136 .. A 170F C6 91 A LDB 'FaUB 0137B 0136!)A 1711 BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS-A-0.75 01379 01366A~ 171 .. 2C 3C 1752 BGE F20 01300 01367A 1716 OE 00B3 A LOX 'FEXB OllOI 0136BA 1719 BD IBDF A JSR LDAPU 013B2 01369A 171C AE C4 A LDX .U 01393 01370A 171E BD lBOF A .JSR LDAPU 01304 0137lA 1721 37 10 A PULU X 01385 01372A 1723 DD lBDF A .JSR LDAPU TOS"A NOS-A 305-0.75 ..... 01306 01373A 1726 C6 92 A LItS IFHUL ~ 01397 0137"A 1729 BD 192F A .JSR CtiD TOS"A •• 2 NOS,,!0.75 W 01399 01375A 172B C6 91 A L[lB tFSUB 01399 01376A 172D 9D 192F A JSR CHD Toa=0.75-A •• 2 01390 01377A 1730 CC OOBI A LDD tSDRT 01391 0137BA 1733 DD 192F A JSR CHD TOS-BaRESULT

PAGE 027 1 t EXCIT .AL Il / \

1736 2<f' ,1

01392,013791\ 32 176A DRA FRTS OS393 01390 • 01394 01381A 1738 80 1902 A FIO JBR LDI 01395 013821\ 173D 8E 08B7 A LDX eFEXC 01396 013931\ 173E 8D IBDF A JSR LDAf'U TOS""0.58 NOB-l 01397 01384A 1741 37 10 A PlILU X 01398 01385A 1743 DO lBDF A JaR LOAPU TOB-A NOB-.58 30B-l 01399 013861\ 1746 C6 92 A LOB eFHUL

./ 01 ... 00 01387A 1748 8D 192F A .JSR CHD TOB-.580A NOB"1 • 01<1101 013BOl\ 1'749 C6 91 A LOB 'FaUD 01402 01309/\ 174D Do 192F A JSR CHD TOB-l-.58*A 01403 013901\ 1750 20 18 176A BRA FRTS (!;.

01404 01391 • 01 ... 05 013921\ 1752 BD 1902 A F20 JaR LDI Ot406 013931\ 1755 37 la A PULU X 01407 01394A 1757 DO 180F A JBR LOI\PU TOB-A NOB-l 01"'08 01395" 175A C6 91 A LOB IFaUB 01 ... 09 01396A 175C DO 192F A Jal'< CHD TOB-l-A 01 .. 10 013971\ 175F DE 08BB A LOX IFEXD 01411 013901\ 1762 BD IBDF A JSR LDAPU 01412 01399A 1765 Cl. 92 A LOB IFHUL 01 ... 13 014001\ 1767 80 192F A JBR CHO TOB-l.732(I-A) 01414 01401A 176A 39 FRTS RTB 01 .... 5 01402 • 01 ... 16 01403 * 01417 01404 * 01419 01405 • NWLIH4 01 ... 19 01406 • 01 ... 20 01 ... 07 • WILL SIHULATE NON WINO UP LIHITB UIP08ED ON TF ... 01 ... 21 01 ... 08 • STACK OUTSAT.Vl.Ul.U.INBAT« 01422 01409 0 XPOINTS TO UN. ON RETURN VN lB ON TOB 01423 01410 • 01424 014111\ 176B lOBE 09B2 A NWLIH4 LDY .VRHIN 01425 01 ... 12A 176F CC 09A ... tA LOD 'VRHAX 01426 01413A 1772 36 36 A PSBU V,X.il 01427 01414/\ 177 ... 80 1007 A JSR BETBAT INBAT SET AND STOREO 01428 01415A 1777 86 OA75 A LOA OUT BAT 01429 01416A 177A 84 OA76 A ANDA INBAT 01430 01417A 177D IF 09 A TFR A.B 01431 01 ... 10A 177F 84 OF A AN[lA '.OF 01432 01419/\ 1791 26 43 17C6 BNE TEN3 01433 01420A 1703 C'" FO A ANDD '.FO 01434 01421A 1705 26 44 17CB BNE TWENT3 BEPARATE OAT a HON-BAT CADES 01435 01422A 1707 AE ... 2 A LDX 2.U 01436 01423A 1789 D. 10DF A JSR LDAPU TOS • U ~ 01437 01424A 170C AE 46 A LD)( 6.U 01 .. 30 01425A 17BE CC OA59 A LDD .EA 01439 01426A 1791 36 16 A PSHU X.D ..... 014 ... 0 01427A 1793 AE 40 A LDX o.u t 01 ..... 1 01420A 1795 BD OCFC A JSR TF4 TOB-V 01~42 01429A 1798 BD 10CA A JBR HTYAPU 01 ... 43 01430A 179B EC C ... A LOD .u 01444 01431A 1790 80 1923 A JSR ST32 V STORED AB VI

... PAGE 028 EXCIT .ALII

01 ..... 5 01 ... 32A 17AO 10AE ... 0 A LDY O.U 014 ... 6 01433A 17A3 .JE 0982 A LDX .VRHIN 01 ...... 7 0 .... 3",A 17A6 EC C'" A LDD .U 01 ...... 8 0."'35A 17A8 36 36 A PSHU Y.X.D 01 ...... 9 01 ... 36A 17AA CC 09A ... A LDD .VR.1AX 01 ... 50 0 .... 37A 17AD 36 06 A PSHU D 01 ... 51 01438A 17AF AE ... 2 A LDX' 2.U 0.452 01439A 1781 BD 1087 A JSR SETSAT 01 .. 53 01 ...... 0A 178 ... AE C4 A LDX .U 0 ... 5 .. O ...... A 17B6 CC 09B2 A LOO fVRHIN 01 ... '5'5 01 ..... 2A 17B9 36 16 A PSHU X.D 01 ... 56 01 ..... 314 17BB BD 18DF A JSR LOAPU 01 .. 57 01 ... 44A 17BE 8E 09A4 A LDX tVRHAX 01 .. 58 01 ...... 5A 17Cl BD OCOO A JSR LIHITS TOB-VN 01 ... 59 01 ..... 6A 17C .. 20 OB 17Dl BRA WL"'RTS 01 ... 60 01 ...... 7 • 01 ... 61 014 .. 8A 17C6 BE 09A ... A TEN3 LOX tVRHAX 01462 01 ...... 9A 17C9 20 03 17CE BRA LCDH 01463 01 ... 50 • 01 ... 6 ... 01 ... 51A 17CB BE 09B2 A TWENT3 LDX _VRHIN 01465 01 ... 52A 17CE BO IBDF A LCOH JSR LOAPU 01466 01 ... 53A 1701 33 4A A WL4RTS LEAU 10.U ... BlACK POPB 01467 0 .... 5 ... A 1703 39 RTS 0 .... 6B 0'''''55 • ,

01 ... 69 01 ... 56 • 01470 01457 • 01 ... 71 01 ... 58 * 01 ... 72 01 ... 59 • CHKZ 01 ... 73 01 ... 60 .. 01 ... 7 .. 01 ... 61 .. WILL CHECK IF ~BER~PONTED TO DY Y lB ZERO OR NOT & ~ 01 ... 75 0 .... 62 .. ACCOROINOLY SET THE ZERO FLAO 01 ... 76 01 ... 63 .. 01 ... 77 01 ... 6 ... A 1704 C6 03 A CHKZ LDB 01 ... 78 01 .. 65A 17D6 A6 A5 A NEX LDA 01 ... 79 01 ... 66A 1700 01 00 A CHPA 01400 01467A 17DA 26 07 17E3 DNE 01 .. Bl 01468A 17DC 5A DECB 01 .. B2 01469A 1700 2C F7 1706 BGE NEX 014B3 01470A 170F lA 04 A ORCC •• 04 0.404 01471A 17El 20 02 17E5 BRA CHRTS 01405 01472A 17E3 lC FB A SETNZ ANDCC '.FB 0.406 01473A 17E5 39 CHRTS RTS 01487 0147 .. .. 0148B 01 .. 75 * 01489 01476 .. 01490 01477 .. NWLIHI NEW 01491 01 ... 78 .. r-.o 01492 01479 .. WILL SIHULATE TF1 IHPOSEO WITH NON-WIND UP LIHITS ~ 01 ... 9<1 01400 .. \.J\ 0149 .. 01481 • LINKAGE-- INPUT -- STACK UNI.UN.VNI. -::: -:::== 01 ... 95 0 ... 82 * X POINTS TO UN 01 ... 96 01 ... 83 , - OUTPUT -- TOS"'VN (li.il.d) 01497 01 ... 0 .. ,

~ ..

PAGE 029 EXCIT • ALII

01~98 01~85A 17E6 CC OA76 A N"LIHI LDD .INSAT 01~99 01~06A 17E9 36 16 A rSHU X.D 01500 014071\ 17ED 108E 0996 A LD\' 'VD"N 01501 01400A 17EF CC 0988 A LDD 'VUP 01502 01409A 17F2 AE 46 A LDX 6.U 01503 01~90A 17F~ 36 36 A PSHU Y.X.D 0150~ 01491A 17F6 DO 1887 A JSR SETSAT .INSAT lB BET AND BTOREO 01505 01492A 17F9 D6 OA75 A LOA OUTSAT 01506 01~93A 17FC D~ OA76 A AN11A INSAT 01507 01~9"A 17FF 27 06 1807 DEO "ITHIN 'IF WITHIN LIHITS 01508 01~95A IS01 BI FO A CHPA '.FO 01509 0'496A 1003 27 47 IS4C BEO BELOWL 01510 01497A 1005 20 "A 1851 BRA ADOVEL 01511 01490A 1007 10AE .. 2 A WITHINLD\' 2.U 01512 01 .. 99A 100A OE OA"O A LOX 'AB 01513 01500A 1000 CC OA .. 9 A LOO 'AA 0151 .. 0150lA 1010 36 36 A PSHU Y.X.O 01515 01502A 1012 AE "A A LOX 10.U 01516 015031\ 1014 BD 180F A JSR LOAPU 01517 0150~A 1817 AE 4C A LOX 12.U 01518 015051\ 1819 DO OC70 A JSR TF1 • Toa-UN 01:519 01506A 181C BD lBCA A JBR "TYAPU 01520 015071\ 181F EC C4 A LOO O.U 01521 01508A lB21 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 01522 01509A IB2 .. lOBE OA75 A LO\' 'OUTSAT 01523 01510A 1828 8E 0996 A LOX 'VO"N 0152 .. 01511A lB2D EC - C4 A LOO O.U 01525 01512A 1820 36 '36 A PSHU Y.X.D 01526 015131\ 182F 108E 098B A LOY 'VUP 01527 0151 .. A 1833 36 20 A PSHU y 01528 01515A 1835 AF 42 A LOX 2.U 01529 01516A 1837 BO 18B7 A JSR SETSAT .OUT8AT lB BET ANO STORES -r 01:S30 01517A 183A hE C4 ". LOX .u 01531 0151BA 183C CC 0996 A LOO 'VO"" 01532 01519A IB3F 36 16 A PSHU )(,0 01533 01520A 1841 DO 180F A JSR LOAPU 01534 01521A lB4 .. OE 09B8 A LOX IVUP 01:535 01522A 1847 BO OCOO A JSR LIHITS .TOS-LIHITEO UN 01536 01523A IB4". 20 OB 1857 BRA NWRTS 01537 015241\ 184C 8E 0996 f!\ DELOWL LDX 'VDWN 01530 01:5251\ 184F 20 03 1854 BRA NWRTSI 01539 01526A 1051 OE 0988 A ADOVEL LOX IVUP 01540 01527A lB5~ DO 180F A N"RTSI JSR LOAPU 01541 0152BA lB57 33 ~8 A N"RTB LEAU B.U ,~ BTACK POPS 015"2 015291\ 1059 39 RTB 01543 01530 * 015 .... 01531 * 01545 01532 • ..... 01546 01533 * ~ 01547 0153 .. * CLG ~

015 .. 8 01:535 * 01549 01536 * WILL CALCULATE THE CEILIND VALUES OYNAHICALLY FOR USE IN 01550 01537 * TYPE 2 SY8TEH. / ~

-PAGE 030 EXCIT .ALII

01:551 01:538 * STACK VOWN.VRHIN.VTN.VUP« 015:52 01539 * X POINTS TO VRHAX 01:553 01540 * 015:54 01:541A 185A 90 18DF A CLO JaR LDAPU TOS-VRHAX 01555 01:542A 185D AE 42 A LDX 2.U 01:556 01543A 185F 9D 180F A JaR LDAPU TOS ... VTN. Noa-VRHAX 01557 01:544A 1862 C6 92 A L09 IFHUL

" 01558 0154:5A 1864 80 192F A JSR CHD TOS=VUP 01559 01546A 1867 BD 1BCA A JSR HTYAPU 01560 01:547A lB6A 37 06 A PULU 0 01:561 0154BA 186C BD 1923 A JaR ST32 STORE VUP 01562 01549A lB6F 37 10 A PULU X 01:563 01550A lB71 BD IBOF A JaR LDAPU 01:564 01:5:51A 1874 37 10 A PULU X 01565 01552A 1876 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU TOS-VRHIN.NOS-VTN 01:566 01553A lB79 C6 92 A LOB IFHUL 01567 01554A 1879 90 192F A JaR CHD TOS-VDWH 01568 01555A 187E BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 01569 01:556A 1881 37 06 A PULU D 01570 01557A 1883 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 01571 0155BA lBB6 39

~ RTB

01572 01559 01573 01560 01574 01561 01575 01562 -~'* 01576 OHS63 • SETSAT 01577 01564 * 0157B 01565 * WILL SET A SATURATIOH FLAO TO OO--IF THERE IS HO SATo 01579 01566 * OF --IF UPPER LIHIT lB EXCEEDEO 01580 01567 * FO --IF LOWER LIHIT 18 EXCEEDED 015Bl 0156B • ~OH BTACK SAT,D",A« 01582 01569 * , X POINTS TO VarX. 01503 01570 · ~ 01504 01571A 1007 BD 180F A SETSA SR ' LDAPU TOS .. X 015B:5 OJ572A 188A 37 10 A ULU X 01586 01573A 188C BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU TOS - A. NOB-X 015B7 01574A 188F C6 91 A LDB 'FSUB 015B8 01575A 1891 BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS-X-A 01509 01576A lB94 2A 17 lBAD BPL ABOVE 01590 01577A 1896 37 10 A PULU X 01591 01578A 1898 90 lBOF A JSR LOAPU TOB=X 01592 01579A 1898 37 10 A PULU X 01593 015BOA 1B90 BD lBDF A JSR LDAPU TOS-B NOS-X 01594 01581A lBAO C6 91 A LDB 'FSUB 01595 015B2A lBA2 BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS-X-B 01596 01583A 18A:5 28 OC IB83 DHI BELO~ 01597 01:584A lBA7 4F CLRA 1-' 01:59B 01:5B5A IBAB 37 20 A SET PULU y ~ 01599 015B6A 18AA A7 A4 A STA O.Y • ~

01600 015B7A IBAC 39 RTS 01601 01588 • 01602 015B9A lBAO 33 44 A ABOVE LEAU' 4.U TWO POPa· 01603 01:590A IBAF 06 OF A LDA '.OF

~

PAGE 031 EXCIT .ALII -

01604 01591A 18Bl 20 F5 IBAB BRA BET 01605 01592 • 01606 01593A IB83 B6 FO A BELOW LDA •• FO 01607 01594A lBB5 20 FI IBA9 BRA SET 0160B 01595 • 01609 01596 • I~'

01610 01597 ,;> * APUIDL 01611 01599 * 01612 01599 • WILL WAIT TILL APU lB NOT .oBY 01613 01600 • 01614 01601A lBB7 7D C002 A APUIDL TBT CTRL 01615 01602A lBBA 2B FB lBB7 B"I APUIDL 01616 01603A IBBC 39 RTS 01617 01604 • 0161B 01605 • 01619 01606 • 01620 01607 • DREAD 016~ 01609 • 01622 01609 • WILL READ DATA OFF THE APU BTACK AND PLACE IT IN ACC B 01623 01610 * 01624 01611A 18BD DU 18B7 A DREAD JBR APUIDL. 01625 016l2A ISCO F6 COOO A LD8 BDARD 'START READ 01626 01613A lOC3 12 NOP 01627 01614A 18C4 12 NOP 0162B 01615A 18C5 1~ NOP 01629 01616A 10C6 F6 C003 A LD8 RDDAST 'READ BYTE INTO ACC 8 01630 01617A 18C9 39 rns 01631 01619 • 01632 01619 • 01633 01620 • 01634 01621 • "TYAPU 01635 01622 • 01636 01623 • TO DOWNLOAD APUBTACK INTO X.Y B.T.X-A4A3. Y-A2Al 01637 01624 • 0163B 01625A lBCA 36 01 A HTYAPU PBHU CC fBAVE CONDITON CODES 01639 01626A 19CC 80 I EF 18BD BBR DREAD 01640 01627A 18CE IF 9B A TFR B.A 01641 01629A 18DO BD EB 188D BBR DREAD 'NOW D CONTAINB A4A3 01642 01629A 1802 IF 01 A TFR D.X .X CONTAIND A4A3 01643 01630A 10D4 BD E7 10BD BBR DREAD 01644 0163tA 18D6 IF 98 A TFR 9.A 01645 01632A lBDB BD E3 lBBD BSR DREAD 'D CONTAIN8 A2Al 01646 01633A lBDA IF 02 A TFR D.Y IY CONTAINB A2Al 01647 01634A IBDC 37 01 A PULU CC 0164B 01635A IBDE 39 RTB 01649 01636 • 01650 01637 • ~ 01651 0163B • ~ 01652 01639 • CO 01653 01640 • LDAPU 01654 01641 • 01655 01642 • , TO LOAD THE APU8TACK wlTH A 4 BYTE FP HUHBER POINTED TO DY X 01656 01643 • r

~ •

... ..

PAGE 032 EXCIT .ALII

01657 016 .... A lBDF EC 02 A LDAPU LDD 2.X 'BTACK BYTES 3 ... OF WORD 0165B 01645A lBEI 9D 1887 A JBR APUIOL 01659 01646A lBE4 F7 COOO A STS APUSTK 0lp60 01647A lBE7 12 NOP 01661 01648A 18E8 12 NOP 01662 01649A 18E9 BD IB97 A JSR AF'UIDL 01663 01650A IBEC 97 COOO A STA APUSTK 01664 01651A lBEF EC 84 A LOO .x 'STACK- BYTES 1.2 OF WORD 01665 01652A lSFI 12 NOP 01666 01653A 18F2 12 HOP 01667 01654A 18F3 BD 19B7 A JBR APUIVL 01668 01655A 19F6 F7 COOO A STS APUSTK 01669 01656A lBF9 12 HOP 01670 01657A 19FA 12 NOP 01671 01658A IBFB BD 1897 A JBR APUIDL 01672 01659A IBFE 97 COOO A BTA APUSTK 01673 01660~ 1901 39 RTS 01674 01661 * 01675 01662 • 01676 01663A 1902 BE OB8F ALDI LOX .ONEI THIS SU8ROUTINE STACKS DIOIT 1 ONTO APU STACK 01677 01664A 190:5 20 00 190F DRA LOAD 01678 01665A 1907 BE OBC3 A LD2 LDX _TW02 STACK DIOIT 2 ONTO APU STACK 01679 01666A 190A 20 03 190F DRA LOAD 01680 01667A 190C 8E 00C7 A LDI0 LDX _TENtO BTACK DIOIT 10 OHTO APU BTACK 01681 01668A 190F BD 18DF A LOAD JBR LDAPU 01682 01669A 1912 39 RTB 01683 01670 * 01694 01671 • 016B5 01672A 191~ 8D lB87 A RDSTAT JBR APUIDL BUDROUTINE TO READ APU STATUS INTO ACC 8 01686 01673A 1916 F6 COOl A LDD BBTRD 01697 '01674A 1919 12 HOP 016B9 01675A 191A 12 NOP 016B9 01676A 1918 12 HOP ~,

01690 01677A 191C DD 18D7 'A JBR APUIDL 01691 01679A 191F FI. C003 A LDD RDDAST 01692 01679A 1922 39 RTB 01693 01680 * 0169" 01681 * 0169:5 01682 * S02 01696 01683 * 01697 0168 .. * WILL STORE A 32 BIT NUHDER CONTAINED IN REOIBTERS x.Y 01698 01685 * INTO LOCATIONS POINTED TO ev REOIBTER D 01699 01l,86 * 01700 01697 • 01701 0168BA 1923 36 30 A ST32 PSHU X,Y 01702 01689A 1925 lE 01 A EXO D,X 'NOW D=A4A3. )( lB PUINTER 01703 01690A 1927 ED 81 A STD .Xff IX POINTS TO HSWt2 .......

.{:" 0170 .. 01691A 1929 10AF 84 A STV ,X \.Q 01705 01692A 192C 37 30 A PULU v.x

01706 01693A 192E 39 RTS 01707 0169.4 • 01708 01695 * 01709 01696 * CHD

PAGE 033 EXCr4r

01710 01697 01711 01698 01712 01699 01713 01700

.ALIi

01714 01701A 192F DD 01715 01702A 1932 12 01716 01703A 1933 42 01717 01704A 1934 F7 01719 01705A 193; JC 01719 01706A 1939 IF 01720 01707A 193B tC 01721 01708A 193D 36 01722 01709A 193F 94 01723 01710A 1941 27 01724 01711A 1943 94 01725 01712A 1945 27 01726 01713A 1947 DD 01727 01714A 194A 4F 01728 01715A 194B C6 01729 01716A 1940 BD 01730 01717A 1950 D7 01731 01718A 1953 5#\ 01732 01719A 1954 26 01733 01720A 1956 20 01734 01721A 1958 F7 01735 01722A 195D C6 01736 01723A 195D F~ 01737 01724A 1960 35 01739 01725A 1962 BF 01739 01726A 1965 109E 01740 01727A 1969 DO 01741 01728A 196C 9E 01742 01729A 196F AD 01743 01730A 1973 01744 01731A 1974 AD 01745 01732A 1979 01746 01733A 1979 7E 01747 01734A 197C 57 01748 01735A 197D 25 01749 01736A 197F 57 01750 01737A 1980 57 01751 01738A 1981 57 01752 01739A 1992 57 01753'01740A 1983 57 01754 01741A 1994 25 01755 01742A 1996 57 01756 01743A 1997 25 01757 01744A 1989 20 01758 01745A 1989 37 01759 01746A 1980 1~ 01760 01747A 198F 36 01761 01748A 1991 20 01762 01749A 1993 37

• • .' • 18B7 A CHD

COOl BF 98 FO 01 lE 39 04 11 19CA

A A A A A A

197C A

1958 A

A 04 19B7 eooo

A CLRSTI( A

1940 197C

F7 24 OA34 91

A ERCOHT A

ECIB A 10 A OA35 A 0984 A 19AE A OA34 A 9F E7DA A 09 A 9F E711A A E9 A 16EF A

OC 19BB

00 1993

12 199B 16 19A1

NOERR

RETe

RETZ

01 A CARRY 01 A 01 A EC 197F 01 A ZERO

STORES COHHAND IN B AT APU COHHANO REOIS1ÊR. WAlTS FOR INTERRUPT. SETS CC REOIBTER.

APUIOL

APUCHO .eBF D.A '.FO CC .elE NOERR •• 04 ERCONT IHYAPU

.e .. APUIDL APUSTK

STORE COHHAND IN APU COHHAND RE01STER WAIT FOR FIRO INTERRUPT

.SAVE ce 'ANY ERRUR

'UNDERFLOW T

'UNLOAD APU ANV WRlTE ZERO ON TOB

~

JSR NOP HOP STB CWAI TFR ANDCC PSHU ANDA DEO ANDA BEO JSR CLRA LDD JSR BTA OECB ONE BRA BTB LOD STD PULB STX LDY JSR LDX JBR FCB JBR FCB Jf1P ASRD BCS ABRB ASRD ASRB ASRD ASRD DCS ASRD BCS BRA PULU ORCC PSHU BRA PULU

CLRBTt< NOERR ERS rAT •• 81 eEC18

'IF ERROR DISPLAY fRROR HESSAOE .ERROR ADDR.

X ERAODR 'Af'UERR DUTBTR 'ERBTAT [eE7DA::J .09 [IE70Al IE9 BREAK

CARRY

ZERO

SION CHORTS ce •• 01 cc RETC CC

JBTOP TIHER

PRINT ERSTAT

PRINT ERADOR 'BREAK EXIT TO SUPERBUO 'TEBT CARRY

'SKIf' ERROR 'CODE

'TEST ZERO

{,.

1-' \.n o

'L ~ ..

PAGE 034 EXCIT .ALII

01763 01750A 1995 lA 04 A ORCC '.04 0176" 017511\ 1997 36 01 A PBHU CC 01765 01752" 1999 20 ED 1986 DRA RETZ 01766 01753A 1998 37 01 A BION PULU CC 01767 01754A 199D lA 08 A ORce '.08 01768 01755A 199F 36 01 A PSHU CC 01769 01756A l'lAI 37 01 A Ct1DRTS PULU CC 01770 01757A 19A3 lC EF A ANDCC .tEF ENABLE FIRO INTERRUPTB 01771 01758A 19A5 39 RTB 01772 01759 • 01773 01760 • 01774 01761 • 01775 01762 • 01776 01763 • TXROY 01777 01764 •

lB E"PTi 01778 01765 • BU8ROUTINE TO CHECK IF ACIA TRANSHIT BUFFER 01779 01766 • 01780 01767A 19A6 B6 EC14 A TXRDY LDA ACSTAT 'REAO STATUS OF ACIA TO SEE IF .01781 01768A 19A9 84 02 A ANDA •• 02 'IT IS READY TO TRANSHIT 01782 01769A 19A8 27 F9 19A6 8EO TXRDY 01783 01770A 19AD 39 RTS 01784 C>1771 * 01785 01772 • 01786 01773 • OUTSTR 01787 01774 • 01788 01775 • WILL OUTPUT A CHARACTER BTRING TO CONSOLE. STARTtNG ADORESS 01789 01776 • POINTED TO BY y, STRING TERHINATOR lS • 01790 01777 • 01791 01778A 19AE C6 00 A OUTSTR L08 '$OD 'CARRIAOE RETURN 01792 01779A l'IBO BD 19A6 A JSR TXROY 01793 01780A 19B3 F7 EC15 A STD AC DATA 01794 01781A 1986 C6 OA A LDD t.OA 'LINE FEED 01795 01782A 1988 80 l'lAi> A JSR TXRDY 01796 01783A 198B F7 EC15 A ST8 ACDATA 01797 01784A l'IDE E6 AO A ONEXT LDB ,Yt 'LOAD D WITH CHARACTER 01798 01785A 19CO Cl 24 A CHPD t'. HS IT END OF ST~ING7 01799 01786A 19C2 27 08 19CC BEO ORTS 01800 01787A 19C4 Br 19A6 A JSR TXROY 01801 01788A 19C7 F7 EC15 A BTD ACDATA 'BEND r.HARACTER TO CONSOLE 01802 01789A l'ICA ~~ F2 l'IDE DRA ONEXT 'FETCH NEXT CHARACTER 01803 01790A 19CC 39 ORTS RTS 01804 01791 • 01805 01792 • 01806 01793 * 01807 01794 * INFORH 01808 01795 * 01809 01796 * CONVERTS A NUH8ER STRINO POINTEO TO ~Y y INTO FP FORHAT. 01810 01797 • ON ENTRY X SHOULD POINT TO DESIRED LOCATION OF THE RESULT r-' 01811 01798 * ON RETURN Y CONTAINS THE ADDRESS OF TERHINATOR ' . ' . \.J\ 01812 01799 * EH. -4321E-46. f-I 01813 01800 * - - HINUS 01814 01801 • $ ::- TERHINATOR 01815 01802 *

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PAGE 035 E.XCIT .ALII

01B16 01B03A 19CD 36 10 A INFORH PSHU X 'SAVE STORAOE ADDRESS 01817 01804A 19CF 4F CLR.A 01818 01805A 19DO B7 OA37 A ·STA SHANT fINIT: SHANT S SEXP 10 ZERO 01B1.9 01906A 19D3 B7 OA39 A 9TA SEXP 01920 01807A 19D6 BD 18B7 A JSR APUIDL 01B21 04BOBA 19D9 B7 COO'O A StA APt)STK 01é22 01909A 19DE 12 HOP 01923 01910A 19DD 12 HOP ~

01924 01811A 19DE B7 COOO A STA APUSTK 01825 01812A 19E1 12 HOP 01826 01813A 19E2 12 HOP 01827 01914A 19E3 B7 COOO A STA APUSTK 01829 01815A 19E6 12 HOP 01929 01B16A 19E7 12 NOP 01B30 01B17A 19EB B7 COOO A STA APUSTK • TOS = 0 '" ,'esult 01B31 01BiBA 19EB E6 A4 A LDB .Y 01832 01819A 19ED Cl 24 A CHPB .'$ 01,933 01 920A 19EF 1027 OOED lAEO LBEO IHRTaH L.-01834 01B21A 19F3 Cl 2D A CHPB .'- 'HINUST 01B35 01B22A 19F5 27 45 lA3C BEO ""INUS 01836 01823A 19F7 BD 190C A HHERE JaR LDI0 TOS=10 01837 01924A 19FA C6 - 92 A LDB .FHUL 01939 01925A 19FC BD 192F A JSR CHD J TOS '" 10 X RESULT 01839 01826A 19FF E6 AO A LDB .Y+ , READ HEXT CHARACTER 01840 01827A lAOl Cl 24 A CHPB .'$ 01B41 01B28A lA03 27 22 lA27 BEa HOEXP 01942 01829A lA05 BD 19B7 A JSR APUIDL ('

Ot943 01930A lA09 F7 COOO A STB APUSTK 01944 01931A lAOB 12 HOP 01845 01832A lAOC'4F CL RA 01B46 01833A lAOD 12 HOP 01847 01834A lAOE B7 COOO A 9TA APUSTK 01B49 01935A lAll C6 9D A LDB .FLTa 01B49 01B36A lA13 BD 192F A JSR CHD JTOS=32 BIT NO .N05 = 10-=RESULT 01B50 01B37A lA16 C6 90 A LDB .FADD 01951 0193BA lAlB BD 192F A JSR CHD fTOS=(10XRESULT>+NUHBER=RE5ULT 01852 01839,A lAlB E6 A4 A LDB .Y 01853 01840A 'lAID Cl 24 A CHPB .'$ 01854 01841A lAIF 27 '06 lA27 BEa NOEXP 01855 01842A lA21 Cl OE A CHPB •• OE 'EXP" 01956 01843A lA23 27 '20 lA45 BEa EXPO 01957 01844A lA25 29 DO 19F7 DRA - "HERE 0185B 01845 * 01859 01846A lA27 70 OA37 A NOEXP TST aHANT 01B60 01fl47A lA2A 27 05 tA3! BEa CHHG 01961 0194BA lA2C C6 95 A LDB _CHSF 01B62 01849A lA2E BD 192F A ~SR CHD 1-' 01~63 01B50A lA31 BD 18CA A CANG JSR "TYAPU I..r\ 01864 01851A lA34 37 06 A PULU D l\)

01865 018S2A ~A3~ BD ,1923 lA JSR ST32 01B66 01953A lA39 16 00A3 lADF LBRA INRTS 01867 01854A lA3C 86 FF A H"INUS LDA .$FF 01B6B 01B,55A lA3E B7 OA37 A STA SHANT

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PAGE 036 EXCIT .ALII

01869 01856A lÂ~1 31 21 INY • 01B70 01B57A lA ... 3 20 82 19F7 8RA HHERE. ~

~1 01858 * 1872 01B59A lA ... 5 36- 20 A EXPO PSHU y 'SAVE A8DR.tOF'LAST CHARACTER 01073 01060A tA"'7 BD tOCA A JSR HTYAPU

,01074 01861A IA4A CC OA39 A LDD • ~HP ..

c 01875 01B621\ lA ... O flO 1923 A JSR S 32 '-STORE HANT ISSA IN TEHP 01876 01863A lASO 37 20 A PULU y 01B77 01B64A lA52 "'F CLRA 01870 01065A IASJ BD IOB7 A JOR APUIDL 01079 01066A lAS6 87 COOO A STA APU8TK 01BBO 01B67A lAS9 12 HOP 018S1 01868A lASA 12 HOP 'ç 01002 01069A lA58 87 COOO A STA APUBIK 01093 01970A lA5E 12 NOP 01904 01071A IA5F 12 NOP • 01085 01072A lA60 87 COOO A~ STA APtJSTK o tf386 01 873A lA63 12 \ NOP 01801 01074A IA64 t2 NOP o Illon 01075A IA6S B7 COOO A/ SlA APUBTt< • TOB - 0 01999 019761\ IA6B 31 21 INY t 01890 01877A lA6A E6 A~ A LOD .-Y 01991 01878A IA6C Cl 211 A CHPD .. - 'HINUST' 0109:7 01879A tA6E 27 28 tA'18 l'EU EHINU8 01093 01000A tAlO BD t90C . A EHERE '.I8R - LDlO 01094 OIOOIA lA73 C':. 92 A 1 Oll . .FHtJl 01995 010821\ lA75 90 192F A .ISR CHO t TOS - 10 X REBUL l 01B96 018031\ lA70 1=:6 AO A UlB ,y. OHI97 Olnn"A IA7A BD 1887 A J8R APUIDl 01098 018"5A lA711 F7 COOO A STD APUBTK J 01999 01BB6A lABO 12 HOP 01900 010B71\ IABi 4F CLRA 01901 OtB8BA 11\02 12 NOP 01902 Ot8091\ IA83 87 COOO lA 8TA ArUSTt< 01903 010901\ IA06 Cl. 90 A L08 .FLTS

/ 01904 01B91A IAOB 80 t92F A ,IBR CHO 'TOB -32 81T 01 G "!lS- 1 O.RE~Ul_ T 01905 01092A SADD Cl. 90 A · l.08 .'FAIlO 01906 01093A lABO BD 192F A qJSR ,CHD .T08 - REBUl' 01907 01094A IA90 E6 A" A Lill' ,y 01908- 01095A tA92 Cl 24 A CH"&- ••• .TERH1HATORT 01909 01896A lA94 27 08 IAAI DEO OVER 01910 010971\ IA96 20 00 IA70 DRA FttERE i " 01911 01090 • 0\912 Ol099A 11\98 86 Fr- A FHtNUB l (lA .r •• FF 0191.1 01900A lA9A D7 01\38 A STA BEX" 0191 .. 019011\ lA90 31 21 tHY 0191~ 0190:1A IA9F 20 CF lA70 DRA EUERE

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PADE 037 EXCIT .AL Il

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. 019.J5 0192~1\ lACE S[\ 192F' A JSR CHD 01936 01923A lADl 37 06 A P put.U 0 .0 COHTAIHS RETURH ADORESS 01937 0192 .. 1\ IADJ 36 26 A PBtiU Y.D .BIACK AOIlR. OF tABI ' f ' .RE 1 ADOR. 01930 01925A IAD!5 BD lBCA A JaR HTYAPU 01939 019261\ lADB 37 06 A PUU' 0 019 .. 0 01927A IAllA SO 1923 A JSR BT32 019 .. 1 019291\ IAOD 37 20 A Put " Y IV COHTAINS AIlDR. or l ABl f 01947 01929A IADf' 39 IHATB RTa 01943 019301\ lAEO 33 42 A IHRTSH LEAU 2.U "-01944 01911A IAE2 20 FB SADF BRA IHRTS 019 .. 5 01932 • 01946 01933 • 01947 019."" • 019'''J 019331\ lAE4 BI. ECl'" A fUlADY LDA ACSTAT 'READ STATUS OF ACIA TO REE IF Il IS 01949 01936A IAE7 B" 01 A AHOA .101 'REAOY TO REAO (:ONSOI E 019~0 01937A SAE9 27 F9 IAE4 BEll RDROY . 01951 01938A lAER 39 RIS 01952 01939 • 01953 01940 • 0195 .. 0194. • 'NSTR 01935 01942 • 01956 01943 • Tn INPUT A CUARA(:TER STRIND fRO" t:l.H80l 1- AHIl BTORE Il 019!')J 019 .... • AT l'UFFER STAR T 1 NO 'A 1 ADDREas roaH1ER ln l'Y Y 019:5U 01945 • 'l:R' IS TUE TERHIHATOR 01939 01946 • OlY60 O19 .. 7A tAEt: BD Fit IAE .. IH8TR I4BR ROROY 0lY61 Ol948A 'AEE FI. EC1S A lUB ACIlATA 'REAIl (.UHaOL( 0IY6.' 019 .. 91\ tAF. C4 '1F A AHDD .17F .STRIP rARllY l' 1 T 01963 019501\ IAF3 Cl 00 A CHF'D •• 00 f.B l , 'HE lERHIHAlOR 'CR'T 01964 019511\ lAF5 27 OA 1801 . DEU JRTS Ot965 ot952A l "r 7 E 7 AO A BT9 ,y. • B "mf C""RACfIR 01YI>6 ()195~A l "f 9 Bn l'lAI. A .JBR 'lCRllY o t 967 0 1 9~)"1\ II\F' (; F 7 ECI~ A BTD AC(IAJA Hli BPl AY • T UH COHBOlE 01969 019'551\ lAFF 20 EB lAEt: DRA JHSTR ...... 01969 019561\ IDOI C6 24 A IRTB l [lI' t't " URH 1 Rit lfRHIHAfUR • \,J\" 01910 01951" 1B03 E7 A4 A B'B • y ~ 01971 01958A ID05 39 R'B 01972 01959 • 01973 01960 • 0197 .. 01961 • ABf:tŒ lC

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07099 0:70n6A H:03 1001' 07AV Il 1 IlY 'RTE O:?IOO 020U/A U:O 1 lin 1l:1l1i A .JOR CO"" 02101 02000A lCOA OF 09Pe: 1\ 1 OX 'KF 02102 020091\ I(;OD 36 10 A rstfu • 02103 02090A I(:OF 100E 079E A 1 OY '9Kr 0210"" 070911\ 1(: l.l on ICllR A JBR tlJ"" 0210'5 ()2092,. 11:16 nE 09EA A 1 PX .Tf 02106 020931\ SCI9 36 10 A PSUU X 02107 02094,. ICIIl lOBE 0703 A 1 Dy '8'F 02100 02095A IClf DO ICOO A .J8R CO"" 02109 0209/,,. H:22 DE 09F9 A 1 rue .8El >-02110 02091A 1<:2'5 ..16 10 Il pattu )(

02111 020901\ le27 lOOE 07EO A LilY .SSES 02112 02099n IC2D DO ICIlO A .J8R CO"" 0211,] 021001\ tl:2E Of OA06 A l DX .8E2 021 j 4 021011\ 1l:.J' ,]6 10 A POttU X 02115 021021\ IC33 IODE 071"E A l.DY .8SE2 02116 0210.11\ lC37 DO lCOO A .'SR CO"" 02117 021041\ 1l:3A DE OAI4 A l DX 'EFOI 02110 0210~A 1l:3P lI, 10 Il PSttu le 02119 02106A le3F 10010 091~ A l.OY .OEFDI 02120 021071\ lC43 DIl ICDO A JaR CO"" 02121 02100A lC46 OF. OA22 A LDk .EF02 02122 02109A lC49 36 10 A psttU )(

021:!,] 021101\ u: .. o IODE OO;;ll: A l DY .8ErD2 02124 021111\ lC4F DO ICPO A .J8R CO"" 0212~ 02112A lC52 BE 0910 A LIlX 'KV 02126 021131\ IC55 36 10 A raHlI )(

02127 0::l1l4A IC57 IODE 072E A l PY 'Ot<V t-.J 02128 0211!'\A 1(:58 90 tell9 A .'OR CO"" \J\ 02129 021161\ lC5E BE 0934 A L IlX 'TRH ---.]

02130 021171\ 1C61 36 10 A pattu )(

02131 021101\ IC63 lOBE 073C Il l llY '8't" 02132 02119A IC67 BD lCOO A JOR CO" 02133 021201\ IC6A OE 0942 A 1 PX 't<i

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PAGE 041 EXCIT .AL .1 02134 021211\ lC6D 36 10 A P8HU X 0213~ 02122A IC6F 1C1dE 074. A LDY .8KC 02136 021231\ IC73 8D ICllS A JBR CO"" 02137 02124A lC76 BE ·0950 A LDX 'KD 0213B 0212~A 1(:79 36 JO A PSHU )( 02139 0:l126A U:-/O 10Bf 07~E A U'Y 'BKD 02240 02127A le7.- DD ICDS A JSR CO"" 02141 021201' lC02 BE 096C A LDX 'VI"AX 02.42 021291' IC05 36 10 A PSttU X 02143 02130A lCB7 lOBE 0781 A I.DY ,aVI"A)( 0214" 02131A ICBO OD tCnB A JaR CO"" 02145 021.12A ICOE OE 097A A LDX 'VI"IN 021-46 021331' lC91 36 10 A PSttU X 02147 0:7134A lC93 lOBE 079:5 A I.DY 'BVI"IN 02140 021.35A IC97 BD ICDB A JBR CO"" 02149 02136A lC9A BE OA30 A LDX .TIHE 02150 02137A lC9D 36 10 A PSttU X 02151 0:713BA IC9F lOBE 0043 A LllY '8TJ"E •

'1 _ - 02132 021:.19,.. lCA3 DD ICDO A J8R CO"" 021:'53 02140A lCI\6 lOBE 0856 A LDY '"ORE IASK IF ANY HORE CHANGE8? 02154 0214'''' ICAA BD 19AE A J8R OUTSTR 02155 021421' ICAD DD IAE4 A J8R RDRDY 02J36 02143A ICBO 96 ECI3 A LDA ACDATA 'READ ~EPLY 021:'57 021 .... A leB;] S" 7F A ANDA .t7f 'STRIP PARITY 81T 021:'SB 021 ... 3A lCD5 IF B9 A rFR A,8 02139 021"6A lCD7 DO 19A6 A JaR TXRDY 02160 02147A lCDA F7 ECI3 A BTD ACDATA 02161 021-40A ICOD CI 39 A- C"P8 ,'Y 'YES? 02162 02149A ICOF 1027 FE9ll 1860 L8EO REPT 02163 02150A ICC3 BD tCC7 A JBR CRLf 02164 02151A ICC6 39 RTS 02163 02132 • 02166 02153A ICC7 c..., OA A CRLF LDB 'tOA 'THI8 SUBROUTINE WILL OUTPUT CR.LF TO CONSOLE 02167 02154A ICC9 qD 19A6 A JSR T)CRDY 02160 02153A ICCC F7 ECI5 A 8T9 ACDATA 02169 02136A ICCF C6 OD A LDD .tOD 02170 02137A lCDI 8D 19A6 A JSR TXRDY 02171 02139A ICD4 F7 ECI5 A BTB ACDATA 02172 02159A lCD7 39 RTB 02173 02160 • 02174 02161 • 02175 02162A lCDB 8D lCC7 A CO"" JBR CRLF 'OUTPUT CR.LF 02176 02163A ICDB DO 19AE A J8R OUTB1R 02177 02164A ICDE IOAE C<4 A LilY .u .REAll AND REBTORE nDDR. OF INPUT STRINO STORAOE 02179 02165A ICEI 31 36 A LEAY -IO.Y 02179 02166A ICE3 BD lAEC A JSR INSTR 02190 02167A ICE6 10AE C4 A LDY .u

1-' 021Bl 02160A ICE9 31 36 A LEAY -10.Y \J\ 021S2 02169A ICES 80 1833 A JBR CONBTR 'CONVERT STRING TO HEX (X) 02183 02170A ICEE 37 10 A PlILU X 0210 ... 02171A lCFO 36 01 A PBHU CC 0218~ 02172A lCF2 31 16 A LEAY -10.)( 021B6 02173A lCF4 37 01 A f'ULU CC

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PAGE 042 FXCIT .AL.l -

021B7 02174/\ lCFA 2. 03 ICFB BHI COttRTS tiF ILLEGAL CtiAR. .81(1P INFOR" 021BB 02175/\ lCFB 80 19CO A JSR INFORH 02109 021761\ lCF8 39 COftRT8 RTS 02190 02177 • 02191 0217B • 02192 02179 • 02193 02180 • CONS12 02194 02181 • 02195 02182 • WILL EVALUATE THE CONSTANTS OF A TYPE 1 OR 2 SYSTE" 02196 02183 • 02197 0:1184/\ lCFC lOBE OA4:5 A CONS12 l.(lY 'F8 02198 021951\ 1000 BE OA41 A L (1)( IFA 02199 021861\ 1003 CC OA30 A. LOD IT I"E 02200 021971\ 1006 36 36 A patlu Y,X.o 02201 02188/\ IDOB BE OBEE A LDX 'TR 02202 021891\ iD09 8D IF6E~, A JSR CONTFI CONSTANTS FOR INPUT FILTER 02203 021901\ IDOE 10SE OA./l-D A LOY 'CA 02204 02191A 1012 BE OA69 A LOX .C8 02205 021921\ lDl:5 CC OA30 A LIID .llttE 02206 021931\ ID18 36 36 A PStlU Y,X,D 02207 0219 .. 1\ ID1A lOBE 0901\ A LOY 'TC 0'220B 021951\ IOlE BE OA6:5 A LOX 'COHPC 02209 021961\ 1021 CC OA30 A LDO 'TIHE 02210 021971\ lD24 36 l6 A paHU Y,x.D 02211 0?198A lD26 OE OOFC A LDX 'T8 02212 0:11991\ 1029 9D 2063 A JSR CONTF3 CONSTANTS FOR COItPENSATOR 02213 022001\ lD2C 10SE OA40 A LOV 'AB 0221 .. 0220lA 1030 SE OA49 A L(lX 'AA 02:1'15 022021\ 1033 CC OA30 A LDD 'TlHE 02216 02203/\ 1036 36 36 A PSttU y,X.D 02217 022041\ 1038 8E 09:5E A LOX 'TA 02218 0220:5A 1038 BD lF6E A JSR CONTFI CONSTANTS FOR REOULATOR 02219 02206A 103E BE OA:59 A LOX 'EA 02220 02207A 1041 36 10 A PSHU X 02221 02208A ID43 8D 204C A JSR CONTF'" CONSTANTS FOR EXCITER 02222 02209A ID .. 6 lOBE OA::5:5 A LOV .08 02223 02210A 104A BE OA:51 A LOX 'OA 02224 02211A 104D CC OAJO A LOO .TIHE 0222:5 022121\ lD50 36 36 A POHU V.x.o 02226 022131\ 10:52 BE 09EA A LOX 'TF 02227 02214A 10:5:5 80 IFD5 A JSR CONTF2 CONSTANTS FOR PAttPlHO LOOP 02228 022151\ ID:5B 8D IEF:5 A JSR SAlCON 02229 02216A ID:59 BD IE91 A JBR BETCNT BET COUHT 02230 02217A lD:5E 39 Rl8 02231 02210 • 02232 02219 • 02233 02220 • .... 02234 02221 • CONST3 V\ 0223:5 02222 • \() 02236 02223 • WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS F OR TYPE ;] BVSlE" 02237 02224 • 0223B 0222:1A ID:sF lOBE OA4:5 A CONOl3 LDY IfB 02239 02226/\ ID63 BE OA4. A l DX 'FA

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PAOE 043 EXCIT .AL Il

02240 02227A 1066 CC OA30 A LOD "IHE 02241 02220A 11.69 36 36 A pattU Y,X,O. 02242 02229A ID6B BE OBEE! A LllX - IlR 02243 02230A ID6E DD lF6E III JSR CONTFl CONSTANTS f"OR 'Nf'UT fOL TER 022 ...... 02231A 1071 OE OA:59 III LDX 'FA 02245 022J2A 1014 l6 10 A PSUU )( 02246 0223.3A 1076 BD 20'"'C A J8R CONrF4 CONSTANTS FOR FXCITER 10 RttEOSTAT 02247 0223 .. A 1079 DO lEF:5 A .JSR SAlcnN 022 .. 0 02235A lD7C OE 09A .. A LDX IVR"AX 02249 02236A lD7F BD lBDF n J8R LllAr'U 02250 02237A 1082 BE 09112 A LOX tVR"IN 02251 022l8A lll85 ~ll 180F A J8R LDAf'U 02252 02239A IDoa Cl. 91 A LDB .F8UD 02253 02240A lDOA BU 192F A JBR C"D TOS-VRttAX-VR"IN 02254 0224tA 1080 8E 0918 A LO)( II<V 02255 02:H2A 1090 BO 1BOF A J8R l DAf"U 02256 022,",3A ID93 C6 93 A LOB .FOIV 02257 02244A ID95 BD 192F A JSR C"D 02258 02245A lD9B BE 093'"' A LOX trRH 02259 02246A 1098 BO IBOF A J8R LOAPU 02260 02247A 109E Co 93 A LOB IFOIV \ 02261 02240A 10AO "lD 192F A J8R C"D TOS-COEFF 02262 02249A IDA3 BD ISCA A JBR "TYArU 02263 02250A 1DA6 CC OA71 A LOO tCOEFF BTORf COEFF 02264 022'.51A lDA9 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 02265 02252A 10AC 80 IElll A J8R BETCNT SET. COUH'T 02266 02253A lDAF 39 RlS 02267 02254 • 0226B 02255 • 02269 02256 • CONSlA 02270 02257 • WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS FUR lYf'E .. SYSlE" 02271 ~02250 • 02272 02259A 10BO lOBE OA45 A COMBT4 LDY 'F-B 02273 02260A 10B4 BE OA41 A LOX tFA 02274 02261A 1DB7 CC OA30 A LOD .rlttE 02275 02262A IDBA 36 36 A PBHU Y.X.D 02276 02263A IDBC BE OéEE A LDX 'TR 02277 02264A 10BF BD IF6E III JSR COHlFI CONSTANTS FOR INPUT r IL TER EVALUAfLLI 02278 02265A IOC2 lOBE OA60 A LOY ICA 02279 02266A IOC6 BE OA69 A LDX 'CD 022BO 02267A IOC9 CC OA30 A LDD 'TIHE 02201 02268A IDCC 36 36 A PBHU Y,X,O 022B2 02269A 10CE lOBE 090A A LllY 'TC 02283 02270A lDD2 8E OA65 A LllX 'CO"PC 022B4 02271A 1005 CC OA30 A LDD 'TI"E " 02285 02272A lDD8 36 36 A PSHU Y,X.O 022B6 02273A IODA BE OBFC A LDX ITB ~ 022B7 0227~A lDOO BD 2063 III -J JSR CONTF3 CONSTANTS FOR COttf'EN8ATOR EVALUA1EIt 0\ 0228B 02275A lDEO 108E OA4D A LDY 'AB 0 02289 02276A IDE4 BE OA,",9 A LDX 'AA 02290 02277A lDE7 CC OA30 A LDD .TI"E 02291 0227BA IDEA 36 36 A PSHU Y,X.D 02292 02279A lDEC BE 095E A L[IX flA

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PAGE 0 .... EXCIT .ALtl /~

02293 022BOA IDEF BD IF6E A JSR CONTFI CONSTANTS FOR REOUl.A rOR AttPLJF IE.R 0229 .. 022BIA IDF2 BE OA59 A LDX .EA 02295 02292A lDFS 36 10 A PSHU X ". 02296 02293/\ lDF7 BD. 204C A JSR CONTF" CONSTANTS FOR EXCIT~R 02297 022B4A IDF-A lOBE OA5S A LDY .DB 0229B 022BSA lOFE BE OA51 A LDX .DA 02299 022B6A lEOl CC OA30 A LDD .TIHE 02300 02297A IE04 36 36 A PSHU Y,X,D 02301 02299A lE06 9E 09EA A LDX .TF 02302 022B9A lE09 BD IFDS A JSR CONTF2 CONSTANTS FOR DAHf-U.O LOUP 02303 02290A lEOC BD lEFS A JSR SATCON CONSTAN1S FOR SArN. rUNcl'JON 02304 02291A lEOF BD lEBI A JSR SETCNT 0230S 02292A lE12 39 RTS 02306 02293 * 02307 02294 * 0230B 0229S * 02309 02296 * CONST7 02310 02297 * 02311 0229B * WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS FOR TYPE 7 SVSTE" 02312 0229"9 * 02313 023001\ IE13 lOuE OA"S A CONST7 LDY .FB 02314 02301A lE17 9E OA41 A LDX .FA 02315 023021\ IEIA CC OA30 A LOD .TI"E 02316 02303A IEID 36 36 A PSHU Y .. X .. D ~/ '-~

02317 023044\ lElF BE OBEE A LDX .TR 0231B 0230SA lE22 BD IF6E A JSR CONTFI INPUT FILTER 02319 02306A lE25 108E OA6D A LDY .CA 02320 02307A lE29 BE OA69 A LDX .CB 02321 0230BA lE2C CC o OA30 A LOD .TI"E 02322 02309A lE2F 36 36 A PSHU Y,X,D 02323 02310A lE31 109E 090A A LDY .TC 02324 02311A lE35 BE OA65 A LDX .CO"PC 02325 02312A lE39 CC OA30 A LOD .TI"E 02326 02313A lE3B 36 36 A PSHU Y.X .. D 02327 02314A IE3D BE 09FC A LDX .... TB 02328 02315A lE40 BD 2063 A JSR CONTF3 CO"PENBATOR 02329 02316A IE43 lOBE OA4D A LDY .AB 02330 02317A lE47 BE OA49 A LDX .AA 02331 0231BA lE4A CC OA30 A LDD .TIME 02332 02319A lE4D 36 36 A PSHU Y.X .. D 02333 02320A lE4F BE 095E A LDX .TA 02334 02321A lE52 BD IF6E A JSR CONTFI REOULATOR AttPLIFIE.R 02335 02322A lESS BD IEBl A JSR SETCNT SET COUNT 02336 02323A lE5B 39 RTS 02337 02324 * 02339 02325 * 02339 02326 * ~

0-02340 02327 * CONSTB ~ 02341 0232B * WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS FOR TyrE 8 S'tS1E"

02342 02329 A{ONSTB LDY 1....--. 02343 02330A lE59 lOBE OA45 .FB

02344 0233lA lE5D BL OA41 A LOX .FA 02345 02332A lE60 r.C OA30 A LOD .TIHE

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PAGE 045 EXCIT .ALII

02346 02333A lE63 36 36 A PSHU V.X.D 02347 02334A lE6:5 BE OBEE A LDX ITR 0234B 02335A lE6B BD lF6E A JSR CONTFI INPUT FILTER 02349 02336A IE6B 108E OA6D A LDV .CA 02350 02337A lE6F 8E OA69 A LDX ICB 02351 0233BA lE72 CC OA30 A LDD .TIHE 02352 02339A lE75 36 36 A PSHU V.X.D 02353 02340~ lE77 108E 090A A LDV .TC 02354 02341A lE7B BE:. OA65 A LDX .COHPC 02355 02342A lE7E rr. OA30 A LDD .tlUtE 02356 02343A lEBI 36 36 A PSHU V.X.D 02357 02344A lEB3 BE OBFC A LDX ITB 0235B 02345A IEB6 BD 2063 A JSR CONTF3 COttPEN8ATOR 02359 02346A IEB9 lOBE OA4D A LDV .AB 02360 02347A IEBD 8E OA49 A LDX IAA 02361 0234BA lE90 CC OA30 A LDD ITIHE 02362 02349A lE93 36 36 A PSBU V.X.D 02363 02350A lE95 BE 095E A LDX .TA 02364 0235lA lE98 BD IF6E A JSR CONTFI AttPLIFIER 02365 02352A lE9B 108E OA:55 A LDV lOB 02366 02353A lE9F BE OA51 A LDX IDA 02367 02354A lEA2 CC OA30 A LDD .TIHE 0236B 02355A lEA5 36 36 A PSHU V.X.D 02369 02356A lEA7 8E 09EA A LDX .TF 02370 02357A lEAA BD IFD5 A JSR CONTF2 DAttP 1 NO LOOP 02371 02358A lEAD BD lEBI A JSR SETCNT SET COUNT 02372 02359A lEBO 39 RTS 02373 02360 * 02374 02361 * 02375 02362 • 02376 02363 • SETCNT 02377 02364 * 02378 02365 * CALCULA TES THE 16 BIT NUHBER TO BE STbRED IN THE TUtER 02379 02366 • LATCHES IN ORDER TO'PRODUCE THE CORRECT SAttf'LINO INTERVAL 023BO 02367 • 02381 0236BA lEBl CC 03E8 A SETCNT LDD .1000 02382 02369A IEB4 BD 1887 A JSR APUIDL 02383 02370A lE87 F7 COOO A STl~ APUSTI< 023B4 02371A lEBA 12 HOP 02395 02372A lEBB 12 NOl" 02386 02373A lE8C BD 18B7 A JBR APUIDL 02387 02374A lEBF 87 COOO A STA AF'USTI< 02388 02375A lEC2 Cl. 91'1 A LDB .FLTS 023B9 02376A lEC4 BD 192F A JSR CHD 02390 02377A lEC7 BD 1907 A JSR LD2 02391 02378A lECA C6 BB A LDB U·WR TOS - 10.*6 02392 02379A lECC BD 192F A JSR CHD .... 02393 023BOA lECF 8E OA30 A L['X tTIHE 0\ 02394 023BIA lED2 BD IBDF A JSR LDApU f\) 02395 023B2A lED5 C6 92 A t.DB 'FHUl. TOS .. HUH8ER Of HICf\OSECONDS 02396 023B3A lED7 BD 192F A JSR CHf) 02397 023B4A lEDA BD 1907 A JSR LIl2 02398 02385A lEDD Cl. 93 A LDB tFDIV T OS - NOtUlE R OF l:LOl;t\ PULSES rD Oa.:1 lita.:

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PAGE 046 EXCIT .AL Il

02399 023B6A lEDF BD 192F lA JSR CH" CORRECT SAHf'LINO INfERVAL 02400 023B7A IEE2 C6 9F lA LDB .FIXS FIX TO 16 BITS 02401 023B9A IEE4 BD 192F lA JSR C"D 02402 02389A IEE7 BD ISBD lA JSR PREAD 02403 02390A IEEIA IF 99 A TFR P,A 02404 02391/\ IEEC BD 18BP lA JBR [1READ 02405 02392A lEEF ~B ABl B 02406 02393A IEFO 49 ROl.A 02 .. 07 02394A lEFI FD OA77 A BIO COUNl 0240B 02395A lEF .. 39 RTB 02409 02396 '" * 02410 02397 * BAfCON 02411 0239B * 02 .. 12 02399 • WILL EVALUATE THE CONSTANT. BATA 1 BA'. ACCORDINO TO 02 .. 13 02 .. 00 * BATB-LOO(SE1/8E2)/(EFD1-EF02' 02 .. 14 02 .. 01 * BATA - BEI/EXP(BATB*EFOI' 02 .. 15 02 .. 02 * 02416 02403 • 02 .. 17 02404A lEF5 BE 09FB A SAlCON LDX .SEI 0241B 02405A lEF8 BD 1 BOF A JBR LDAPU 02419 02 .. 06A lEFB BE OA06 lA LDX IBE2 02420 02 .. 07A lEFE BD IBDF A JBR LDAPU 02421 0240BI\ IFOI C6 93 lA LOD .FOIV 02422 02409A IF03 BD 192F lA JBR CHD • T08-8.1 Se2 02 .. 23 02 .. 10A IF06 C6 B9 lA LDB 'LN 0242.. 02 .. ..1 lA IFOB DO 192F lA JBR CHD • TOS-Ln CSEI/SE2) 02 .. 23 02412A IFOB BD IBCA lA JBR HTYAf'U 02426 02413A IFOE CC OA39 A l.DD ITE"P 02427 0241 .. A lFU BD 1923 A JaR aT32 .TEHP COHTAINS LnCSel/Se2) 0242B 02 .. 15A 1Ft .. BE OAI .. lA LDX .EFDI 02 .. 29 02 ... 6A IFI7 BD IBDF lA JBR LlIAPU 02430 02417A lFlA BE OA22 A LDx tEFD2 02431 0241BI\ IF1D BD lBDF lA JBR LDAPU 02432 02419A lF20 C6 91 lA LOB fFSUB 02433 02420A IF22 BD 192F lA JBR CHD .TOB-Efdl-Efd2 02434 02421A IF2~ BE OA39 lA LD)( 'TEHP 02435 02422IA IF2B BD lBDF lA JaR LDAPU 02436 02423IA lF2B C6 99 A LOB IXCHF 02437 02424A lF2D BD 192F lA JSR ctm .TOS - EFD1-EFII2 NOS . Ln(Sel/S.;Z) 0243B 02425A IF30 Cu 93 A LOB t,..I.II v 02439 02426A IF32 tlD 192F lA JaR CH(l • TOS-SAlS 02440 02427A lF35 BD !BCA lA JBR HTYAf'U 02441 02'42BI\ IF3B CC 01A6t. lA LOO fSATB 02 .... 2 02429A tF3B BD 1923 lA JaR 9T32 02443 02430A IF3E BE OA61 lA LDX 'BATB 02444 02431A IF41 Bl) IBPF lA JBR LVAPU

t-J 02445 02432A IF .... BE OA1 .. A L Px .[FlJt 0\ 02446 024331\ tF47 BD IBDF lA JBR LIIAPU \,.,J 02 .... 7 02434A IF .. A C6 92 lA LDB 'FHUL

!>02448 02435A IF .. C BD 192F lA JSR CH" • TOS"'S.EF(II 02449 02"36A lF .. F C6 95 lA L(IB .CU9F 02 .. 50 02437A IF:51 BD t92F lA JaR CHll • TOB--B.EF Dl 02451 02438A lF:5.. C6 8A lA LOB tEX,..'

... .. PAGE 0 .. 7 EXCIT .ALII

02 .. 52 02439A lF56 BD 192F A JSR ~~I 'TOSaEXP<-S.EFD1>

02 .. 53 02 .... 0A lF59 8E 09F8 A LDX 02 .. 5 .. 02441A lF5C BD 18DF A JSR LDAf"U 02455 02 .. 42A lF5F C6 92 A LDB 'F"UL 02 .. 56 02 .. 43A lF61 BD 192F A JSR C"D 'TOS - A 02 .. 57 02 .. 44A IF64 BD 18CA A JSR "TYAPU 02158 0244SA lF67 CC OA5D A CV LDD 'SATA 02 .. 59 02446A IF6A BD 1923 A JSR 8T32 02 .. 60 02 .. 47A lF6D 39 RTB 02461 02448 • 02462 02449 • 02463 02450 • 02464 02451 • 02 .. 65 02452 • CONTFI . 02 .. 66 02453 • 02 .. 67 02454 • WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS FOR TF1 . , 02468 02 .. 55 • 02 .. 69 02456 • 02470 02 .. 57A IF6E BD 18DF A CONTFI JSR LDAPU 'TOS-Te 02 .. 71 02 .. 581\ IF71 37 10 A f'ULU )(

02472 02459A IF73 BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 'TOS-TlftE NOS-TC 02473 02460A IF76 C6 93 A LDS .FDIV 02 .. 74 02461A IF78 BD 192F A JSR C"D 'TOS- Te/T 02475 02 .. 62A IF7B BD 1907 A JSR LD2 02476 02463A IF7E C6 92 A LDS 'F"UL 02477 02464A IF80 BD 192F A JSR C"D 02478 02465A IFB3 BD 1BCA A JSR "TYAPU 02479 02466A IFB6 CC OA39 A LDD 'TE"P 024BO 02467A IFB9 BD 1923 A JaR· 8T32 'TE"P -2Tc/T 024Bl 02468A lFBC BE OA39 A LDX ITE"P 024B2 02469A lF8F BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 'TOS-2Te/T 02493 02470A lF92 BD 1902 A JSR LDI 02 .. 8 .. 02471A IF95 C6 90 A LDB 'FADD 024B5 02472A IF97 BD 192F A JaR C"D 'TOS -lt2Tc/l 024B6 02 .. 73A IF9A BD 1902 A JSR LDI 02497 0247 .. A IF9D C6 99 A LDS 'XCHF 02 .. 98 02475A IF9F BD 192F A JSR C"D 02489 02476A IFA2 C6 93 A LDS 'F (l 1 v 02490 02477A lFA4 BD 192F A JSR CHlt ,rOS-A 02491 02479A IFA7 BD IBCA A JSR HTYAPU 02492 02 .. 79A IFAA EC C4 A LDD .U 02 .. 93 02490A IFAC BD 1923 A JSR ST.J2 fA STORED 02494 024BIA IFAF BE OA39 A LDX 'TE"P 02495 024B2A IFB2 BD IBDF A JSR LDAPU • TOS"'2Tc/T 02496 024B3A IFB5 BD 1902 A JBR LOI 02497 02494A lFS9 C6 99 A LDB 'XCtlF 02498 024B5A IFBA BD 192F A JaR CH[l

~ 02499 02486A IFBD C6 91 A L[lff tFSUB ()\ 02500 024B7A IFBF BD 192F A JSR C"[J 'TOB"'I-2lc/l ~ 02501 02499A IFC2 37 10 A PULU X 02502 02499A IFC4 BD lBDF A JBR LOAPU 02503 02490A IFC7 C6 92 A LOD tr-"UL 02504 02491A IFC9 BD 192F A JSR C"D

/IfItit.. .. Il

PAGE 048 EXCIT .ALII C

02505 02492A IFCC BD IBCA A JSR Hl YAF'U 0~506 02493A IFCF 37 06 A PULU D 02507 02494A IFDI BD 1923 A JSR BT32 02508 02495A IFD4 39 RTS 02509 02496 • 02510 02497 • 02511 02498 ., 02512 02499 • 02513 02500 • 02514 02501 • CONTF2 02515 02502 * 02516 02503 * WILL CALCULATE CONSTANTS A •• FOR lF2 02517 02504 • ON SlACK S.A.TIHE« 02518 025.05 • X POINTS TO Tc 02519 02506 • 02520 02507A lFD5 BD 1BDF A CONTF2 JSR LDAPU fTOBaTe 02521 02508A IFD8 AE C4 A LDX .U 02522 02509A lFDA BD 18DF A JBR LDAPU 02523 02510A 1FDD'C6 93 A LDB .FDIV 02524 0251lA lFDF BD 192F A J9R CHD fTOB-Tc/T 02525 02512A IFE2 DO 1907 A JBR LD2 02526 02513A IFE5 C6 92 A LDB .FHUL 0~527 02514A lFE7 BD 192F A JBR CHD 02528 02515A lFEA DO 18CA A J9R HTYAPU 02529 02516A IFED CC OA39 A LOD .TEHP 02530 02517A IFFO BD 1923 A JaR aT32 02531 02518A IFF3 8E OA39 A LDX .TEHP 02532 02519A IFF6 ~D 18DF A JBR L[IAPU 02533 02520A IFF9 80 1902 A JSR LDI 02534 02521A IFFC C6 90 A LOB .FADD 02535 02522A IFFE BD 192F A JSR CHD TOa-I+2Te/T 02536 02523A 2001 BD 18CA A JaR HTYAPU 02537 02524A 2004 CC OA3D A LDO _DENOH 02538 02525A 2007 BD 1923 A JSR 9T32 • DENOH-H·2Tc/T 02539 02526A 200A DO 1907 A JSR LD2 'TOS=2 02540 02527A 2000 37 10 A PULU X 02541 02528A 200F BD 18DF A JaR L[IAPU fTOB-TIHE NOS=-2 02542 02529A 2012 C6 93 A LDB .FOIV 02543 02530A 2014 80 192F A JaR CND • TOS .... 2/T 02544 02531A 2017 8E OA3D A LDX .DENOH 02545 02532A 201A BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU 02546 02533A 2010 C6 93 A LDB .FDIV 02547 02534A 201F BD 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS=A 02548 02535A 2022 BD 18CA A JSR ,HTYAPU 02549 02536A 2025 37 06 A PULU D 02550 02537A 2027 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 fA STORED 02551 02538A 202A DD 1902 A JSR LOI ,ros=! , 02552 025J9A 202D BE OAJ9 A LDX ITEHP ~ 02553 02540A 2030 BD IBDF A JSR L[IAPU fT08=2Te/T N08=1 0'\

\J\ 02554 02541A 2033 C6 91 ' A LDB .FSUB 02555 02542A 2035 BD 192F A JSR CHD 'T06=1-2Te/T 02556 02543A 2038 8E OA3D A LDX IDENON 02557 02544A 203D BD 18DF A JSR LDAPU , TOS=DENOH

/) ... ,..

PAGE 0'"'9 EXCIT .ALI1 '-\

02558 02545A 203E C6 93 A LD8 .FDIV 02559 02546A 20'"'0 8D 192F A JSR CHD 'TOS = Il 02560 02547A 2043 8D 19CA A JSR HTYAPU 02561 02548A 20'"'6 37 06 A PULU D 02562 02549A 20'"'8 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 02563 02550A 20,",B 39 RTS 02564 02551 • 02565 02552 * 02566 02553 * 02567 02554 * 02568 02555 • CONTF4 02569 02556 * 02570 02557 * WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS FOR TR. FUNCTION TF'"' 02571 02558 * 02572 02559 * 02573 02~60A 204C 8E OA30 A CONTF4 LDX .TIHE 02574 02561A 20,",F BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 02575 02562A 2052 BD 1907 A JSR LD2 02576 02563A 2055 C6 93 A LDB .FDIV 02577 02564A 2057 BD 192F A JSR CHD 02579 02565A 205A BD 19CA A JSR HTYAPU 02579 02566A 205D 37 06 A PULU D 02580 02567A 205F BD 1923 A JSR ST32 02581 02568A 2062 39 RTB 02582 02569 * 02583 02570 * 02584 02571 * CONTF3 02585 02572 * 02586 02573 * WILL EVALUATE CONSTANTS A,B;C FOR TF3 ~

02597 02574 * ON STACK A.B.TlHE,T1.C.TIHE « < )

025B9 02575 * X POINTS TO T2 02589 02576 * 02590 02577A 2063 BD 18DF A CONTF3 JSR LDAPU TOS=T2 02591 02578A 2066 37 10 A PULU X 02592 02579A 2069 BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU TOS=TIHE NOS=T2 02593 02580A 206B C6 93 A LDB .FDIV 02594 02581A 206D BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS=T2/TIHE 0259~ 02582A 2070 BD 1907 A JSR LD2 02596 02593A 2073 C6 92 A LDB .FHUL 02597 02594A-2075 BD 192F A JSR CHD 02598 025B5A 2078 BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 02599 025B6A 207B CC (>A39 A LDD ~nEHP 02600 02587A 207E BD 1923 A JSR ST32 02601 0259BA 20Bl BE OA39 'A LDX .TEHP ;J 02602 02589A 2094 BD 19DF A JSR LDAPU 02603 02590A 2087 BD 1902 A JSR LDI TOS=l NOS=2T2/TIHE 02604 02591A 20BA C6 90 A LDB _FADD 02605 02592A 20BC BD 192F A JSR CHD TOS=lf2*T2/TIHE 1--' 02606 02593A 20BF BD 19CA A JSR HTYAPU 0\

0\ 02607 02594A 2092 CC OA3D A LDD _DENOH 0260B 02595A 2095 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 DENOH CONTAINS 1+2*T2/TIHE 02609 02596A 2098 BD 1902 A JSR LIll 02610 02597A 209B BE OA39 A LDX .TEHP

.. o

t 1

rAGE 0:50 EXCIT .ALII ~

OU.l , 02599A 209E BD : 18DF A JSR LDAPU 02612 02599A 20Al C6 91 A LDB .FSUB 02613 02600A 20A3 BD 192F A JSR. C~D TOS=I-2*T2/TIHE 0261~ 02601A 20A6 BE OA3D A LDX 'DENOH 02615 02602A 20A9 BD lBDF A J5R L'DAPU 02616 02603A 20AC C6 93 A LOB .FDIV 02617 02604A 20AE BD 192F A JSR CHD Tos=e 02618 02605A 20Bl BD lBeA A JSR HTYAPU 02619 02606A 20B4 37 06 A f'ULU 0 02620 02607A 20B6 BD 1923 A J5R 5T32 C STORED 02621 0260BA 20B9 37 10 A PULU X 02622 02609A 20BB BD lBDF A JSR LDAPU 02623 02610A 20BE 37 10 A PULU X 02624 02611A 20CO BD lBDF A J5R L[IAf'U TOS-TIHE NOS .. Tl f" 02625 02612A 20C3 C6 93 A LDB .FDIV 02626 02613A 20C5 BD 192F A JSR CHO TOS=-Tl/TIHE 02627 0261~A 20CB B~ 1907 A JSR LI12 02628 02615A 20CB C6 92 A LD8 .FHUL 02629 02616A 20CD BD 192F A J8R CHD 02630 02617A 20DO BD 18CA A JSR HTYAPU 02631 02618A 2003 CC OA39 A LDO .TEHP 02632 02619A 20D6 BD 1923 A J8R 8T32 TEHP CONTAIHS 2Tt/TIHE 02633 02620A 20D9 BD 1902 A JSR LDt 02634 02621A 20DC BE OA39 A LDX .TEHP 02635 02622A 20DF BD 18DF A JSR LflAPU 02636 02623A 20E2 C6 91 A LDB .FSUB --.. 02637 0262~A 20E~ BD 192F A JSR CHD TOE"" 1-2T,1 /T IHE 02638 02625A 20E7 BE OA3D A LDX 'DENOH 02639 02626A 20EA BD lBDF A JBR LDAf'U TOE-DENOH NOSnt-2Tl/TIHE 02640 02627A 20ED C6 93 A LOB .FDIV 02641 0262BA 20EF BD 192F A JSR eHD TOS-8 02642 02629A 20F2 BD lBCA A JSR HTYAPU 02643 02630A 20F~ 37 06 A PULU D 02644 02631A 20F7 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 02645 02632A 20FA BD 1902 A JSR LOI 02646 02633A 20FD BE OA39 A LDX .TEHP 02647 02634A 2100 BD IBDF A JSR LDAf'U 02648 02635A 2103 C6 90 A LDB 'FADn 02649 02636A 2105 BD 192F A JSR eHD rOS-lf-2Tl/TIHE 02650 02637A 210B BE OA3D A LDX .DENO" 02651 0263BA 210B BD 1BDF A J8R LDAPU 02652 02639A 210E C6 93 A LDD .FDIV 02653 02640A 2110 BD 192F A JSR eND lOS;;'A 02654 02~41A 2113 BD laCA A JSR HTYAPU 02655 02642A 2116 37 06 A PULU ~ D 02656 02643A 2118 BD 1923 A JSR ST32 ~ 02657 02644A 211B 39 RTB Ü' 026~B 026-15 *

--J

02659 02646 '* 02660 026~7 '* 02661 02648 .. ·02662 02649 * ZERO

~;., 02663 026:50 * .. ~.

;1.

PAGE 051 EXCIT .ALII

0266" 02651 * WILL ZERO ALL VARIABLE STATES. IT 1 S ASSlmED "'A' l'Il l VAf<IAll S 0266':5 02652 * A.AI--Xl.nUTPUT.OUTPT.VTNl ARE BliCef 8BI VE l y f LACE II. HENCI 146 02666 02653 * LOCATIONS ARE ln 9E IEROED., 02667 02654 * 02668 02655A 211C "F ZERO CLRA 02669 02656A 211D lOBE OA79 A LDY .AN 02670 02657A 2121 C6 93 A LDB .147 (DECIMAL) '" 02671 0265BA 2123 A7 AO A ZER STA .yt 02672 02659A 2125 SA DECe 02673 02660A 2126 26 Fe 2123 SNE ZER 0267" 02661A 212B 39 ZRTB RTB 02675 02662 ~ 02676 02663 * 02677 02664A 0500 ORO .SOO 02678 02665A 0500 0002 A REPT9L RMB 2 TABLE OF RETURH ADDRE88E8 02679 0266bA 0502 ODIE A FDS REP12 02600 02667A 0504 OlliE Â FDB REP12 026Bl 02669A 0506 OFOI A FOS REP3 02682 02669A 0508 1 OC'" A FOS REP" 02683 02670A 050A 0004 A RMS .. 02604 02671A 050E 132A A FDS REP7 0260':5 02672A 0510 14A6 A FD9 REP8 02686 02673 * SU8ROU1IHE8 10 CALCUl À1E COH01ANt H 02697 02674A 0512 0002 A CONTBL RMB 2 TABLE OF 02608 02675A 0514 lCFC A FD9 eONB12 02689 02676A 0516 lCFC A FD9 CONS12 02690 02677A 051B ID5F A FDB CONS13 02691 02679A OSlA IDBO A F09 CONBT" 02692 02679A 051C 0004 A RHB " 02693 026BOA 0520 lE13 A FilS CONBT7 02694 02681A 0522 lE59 A FD9 CONS1B 02695 02682 * 02696 02683A 0524 0002 A SI"TBL RMB 2 TA9LE OF SIMULATION BU9RUUTIHES 02697 026B4A 0526 OD19 A FDB BIM12 02690 02685A 0528 OD19 A FilS BIH12 02699 02686A 052A OEFC A FDB S1M3 02700 02687A 052C 10AS A FOS SI"4 02701 0268BA 052E 0004 A RH9 .. 02702 026B9A 0532 132B~ A FDB B1M7 02703 02690A 0534 14A4 A FDB SIM8 02704 02691~ * 02705 02692A 0536 ",\4 A HREST Fce .[10 vou WISH TO RELOAfI TUE f'ROORAH ., (y /H) •• 02706 02693A 0561 49 A PSSQN Fce .Includtt PSS T (Y/N) •• 02707 02694A 0576 "'9 A ERROR Fce .JNVALID HUMBER FORMATt. 02708 02695A 058C 57 A STHESS Fce .Wail unt.il.. Vl SlD~ili;l"!I ntf'af' t ,... • \J ••

02709 02696A 0580 ODOA A FD9 SOllOA 02710 02697A 0592 53 A Fce .Slart. si_HJlalion l.y lYPlnd '0 . •• 027tl~0269BA 05D2 45 A MESSI FeC /EXeITATION 6YiBTr-M SIMUIATIUN/ 1-'

0\ 02712 02699A 05EE ODOA A FDB tODOA " co 02713 02700A 05FO 53 A Fce /Syste .. l \lpes<~

02714 02701A 05FC ODOA A FOS $OIlOA 02715 02702A 05FE 54 A Fee /Type 1==:::'> [le 1'/ 02716 02703A 060C o DO!, A Fll9 $0[101\

.j •

",.

/" l,

F"AGE 052 ExeIT .ALll

02717 027041'1 060E 54 A FCC /Tv .. ,. 2-"'>"> llC2/ 0271B 027051'1 061C ODOA A FOB tOIlOA 02719 027061\ 061E 54 A Fee /T"pl!' 3"' .. -:>-:> IlC3/ 02720 02707A 062e ODOA A FDll tODOA 02721 0270BA 062E 54 A FCC /T\I"& .. z:=:":> > ACI/ 02722 027091'1 063C 0001'1 A FllB SODOA 02723 02710A 063E 54 A FCC /Twpe 7 == ') > AC4/ 02724 02711A 064C ODOA A FDll tOIlOA 0272'5 027121'1 064E 54 A FCC /Ty .. ", B="''>~ 8TI/ /'

02726 02713A 065C ODOA A FIlB .ODOA 02727 027141'1 065E 24 A FCC /./ 0272B 027151'1 065F 49 A HESS2 FCC .'Input. syat. •• P.'D.&t.r~ •• rlo.pl.dt. 02729 02716A 0683 54 A STR FCC .Tr ( l'Ill tyP.") =t. 02730 02717A 0694 54 A TY FCC .TYPE- •• 02731 027191'1 0691'1 "lB A SKA FCC .Ka (T\I .. a& 1.2.4.7.B) c:"'"e-. 02732 027191'1 0691 54 ASTA FCC .Ta (Ty .... 1.2.4,,7.B) ~ .. 02733 027201'1 06CB 56 A SVRHAX FCC .VrasH (T"p&. 1,2,3, .. ,7,0) "Tt. 02734 02721A 06E4 56 A SVRHIN FeC .Vr.in (Typea 1,2,3,4,'.9) ,t. 02735 02722A 0700 54 A ST9 FCC • 1b (1YP89 1.2.4.7.B) ~t • 02736 027231'1 0717 54 A STC FCC .Tc (Twpua 1.2.4.7.8) - .. 02737 027241'4 072E 49 A SKV FCC .Kv (T\I .. e 3) "'s. 02739 02725A 073C 54 A STRH FeC .Trh (T\lP& 3' -ot. 02739 027261\ 074B 4B A SKC Fee .Ke (T\lPU& 4,7.B) "'S •. 027""'0 027271'1 075E 49 A SKO FCC .Kd (Tyru 4) = •• 02741 027281'1 076C "lB A SKE FCC • KI!' (Tupus 1.2,3, ... ) =' t • 02742 '027291'1 07Bl 56 A SVIHAX FCe .Vi.OH (lypun 7,B) "'s. 02743 027301'1 0795 56 A SVIHIN FCC .Vi.in (T\lpes 7,B) =t~ 0274"'" 02731A 07A9 54 A STE FCC .Tu (T\I .. &B 1,2,3.4) ~ . 02745 02732A 079E 4B A BKF FCe .Kt' (T" .. &s 1,2.4,9) =S. 02746 02733A 0703 54 A STF FCC .Tt' (1""&9 1,2,4.9' "' .. 02747 027341'1 07EB 53 A BSEI Fee .Sel (T"",e& 1,:?,3,4) "-S. 02749 02735A 07FE 53 A BSE2 Fce .Se2= (Typ&s 1,2,3,4' ",t. " 02749 02736A 0915 45 A SEFDl Fce .Et'dl (T",,,,.s 1,2.3,4' -... 02750 02737A OB2C ""'5 A SEFD2 FCe .Et'd2 (T"".&. 1.2,3 .... ) -.. 02751 0273BA OB43 54 A STIHE FCe .TiMe (l'Ill t.ypa.' = •• 02752 02739/\ OB56 44 A tiORE FCe .DO vou WISU TO CHANnf ANY F ARAMF fERS 1 (YIN) t. 02753 02740A 0884 41 A AF"UERR FCe .APU ERROR ,REAll ERSTATt: 02754 027""'11'11 0899 OEFF A VTSCL FIlB SOEFF 02755 027421'1 OB90 EOOO A Foe .EOOO 02756 027431'1 089F 0783 A VPSSCL F09 S0793 02757 027441'1 08Al 126E A FIlB t126E 02759 02745A OBA3 OEFF A VRFSCL FIlB SOEFF 02759 027461'1 OBA5 EOOO A FOB "EOOO 02760 027471'1 OBA7 oecc A IF[lSCL FIlB socec 02761 0274BA OBA9 cece A F[lD seccc 02762 027~9A OBA9 OCCC A OUTSCL FD9 "OCCC .. 02763 027501'1 OBAD CCCC A Fllll .. CCCC ,:

f-J 02764 027511'1 OBAF 7FDD A FEXA FDB S7FDD

~ ()'\

02765 Q2752A OBBI 922D A Fll9 .. 922D 'Û 02766 027531'1 OB93 OOCO A FEX9 FD9 toOCO 02767 027541'1 OB95 0000 A FD9 tooOO 02768 027551'1 OB97 0093 A FEXC FD9 .0093 02769 027561'1 OBB9 CD3A A F[le .CD3A

... JiI.--

.. PAGE 053 EXCIT .AL Il

02770 027S7A 08bB OtDD A FEXD FDS .. otDD :# 02771 02758A 08BD B307 A F[lB .. B307 02772 02759A 08BF 0180 A ONEI FDB t0180

c •

02773 02760A 08Cl 0000 A FDB .0000 02774 0276tA 08C3 0280 A TW02 FDS $0280 02775 02762A 08CS 0000 A FOS .. 0000 02776 02763A 08C7 04AO A TENI0 F[IB .. 04AO 02777 02764A 09C9 0000 A FDB .. 0000 02778 02765A 08CB 54 A TIHERR FCC 23.TIHER IHTERRUPT ERRORt 02779 02766A 08E2 00.02 A TYPE RHB :2 02780 02767A 08E4 OOOA A RHB 10 02781 02768A 08EE 0004 A TR RHB .. 'STORAGE LOCATIONS FOR VARIAPLES TR TU IIHE 02782 02769A 08F2 OOOA A RH& 10 02783 02770A 08FC 0004 A TB RHB .. 02784 02771A 0900 OOOA A RHB 10 02785 02772A 090A 0004 A TC RHB 4 02786 02773A 090E OOOA A RHa 10 02787 02774A 0918 0004 A KV RHa .. 0278802775A.091C OOOA A RHB 10 , 02789 02776A 0926 0004 A KA RHS .. . 02790 02777A 092A OOOA A RHB 10 02791 02778A 0934 0004 A TRH RHa .. 02792 02779A 0939 OOOA A RHB 10 02793 02780A 0942 0004 A KC RHB .. 02794 02781A 0946 OOOA A RHB 10 02795 02782A 0950 0004 A KD RHB 4 02796 02783A 0954 OOOA A RHB 10 02797 02784A 095E 0004 A TA RHB ... 02798 02785A 0962 OOOA A RHB 10 02799 02786A 096C 0004 A VIHAX RHB ... 02800 02787A 0970 OOGA A RHB 10 02801 02788A 097A 0004 A VIHIN RHB .. 02802 02789A 097E OOOA A RHa 10 02803 02790A 0988 0004 A VUP RHB 4 02804 02791A 098C OOOA A RHB 10 02805 02792A 0996 0004 A VDWN RHa 4 02806 02793A 099A OOOA A RHB 10 02907 02794A 09A4 0004 A VRHAX RHB 4 02808 02795A 09A9 OOOA A RHlf 10 02809 02796A 09B2 0004 A VRHIH RHB -4 02810 02797A 0996 OOOA A RNB 10 02811 02798A 09CO 0004 A KE RHB ... 02912 02799A 09C4 OOOA A RHB 10 02813 02900A 09CE 0004 A TE RHB ... 02814 02801A 09D2 OOOA A RHlf 10 02815 02802A 09DC 0004 A KF RHlf -4 02816 02B03A 09EO OOOA A RHB 10 02817 0280-4A 09EA 0004 A TF RHB -4 t-J ,

-.J 0281B 02805A 09EE OOOA A RHB 10 0 02819 02B06A 09F8 0004 A SEI RHB -4 02820 02807A 09FC OOOA A RHEf 10 02821 0280BA OA06 0004 A SE2 RHlt 4 02922 02809A OAOA OOOA A RHlf 10

.. PAGE 05 .. ExciT .ALII

02823 02810A OA1~ OOO~ A EFDl RHB ~ 0282 .. 02811A OA18 OOOA A RH9 10 02825 02812A OA22 0004 A EFD2 RHB .. 02826 02813A OA26 OOOA A RH9 10 02827 02814A OA30 7BA3 A TIHE FltD t7BA3 DEFAULT- llHE 02828 02815A OA32 D70A A FilS tD70A 028 .. 0 02816A OA34 0001 A ERSTAT RHB 1 028 .. 1 02817A OA35 0002 A ERADDR RHB' 2 028 .. 2 02818A OA37 0001 A SHANT RH9 1 SION OF t-IANT 1 SSA 028 .. 3 02819A OA38 0001 A SEXP RHIl 1 SION OF EXP 028.... 02820A OA39 0004 A TEHP RHIl 4 TEHf' LOC. 028 .. 5 02821A OA3D -0004 A DENOH RHD .. TEHP LOC.

"-------028 .. 6 02822A OA41 0004 A FA RH9 .. FILTER CONSTANTS ----~, 028 .. 7 02823A OA45 0004 A FB RH9 ..

~ 028 .. 8 02824A OA49 0004 A AA RHB .. AHPLIFIER \ 028 .. 9 02825A OA4D 0004 A AB RHB .. 1

1 02850 02826A OA51 000 .. A DA RHB .. DAHPINO LOOP CON8TANT8 # 02851 02827A OA55 000 .. A DB RH9 .. 028~2 02929A OA59 0004 A EA RHB ~ EXCITER 02853 02829A OA5D 0004 A SATA RHB .. 0285.. 02830A OA61 000 .. A SAT9 RHB .. 02855 02831A OA65 0004 A COHPC RH9 4 02856 02832A OA69 0004 A CB RHIl 4 , 02857 02933A OA6D 0004 A CA RH9 .. 028~9 0293~A OA71 0004 A COEFF RH9 .. 02859 02835A OA75 0001 A OUT8AT RHB 1 02860 02836A OA76 0001 A INSAT RHB 1 02861 02937A OA77 0002 A COUNT RHB 2 02862 02838A OA79 0004 A AN RH9 4 81HULATION VARIABLE8 02863 02839A OA7D 0004 A ANI RHB 4 0286.. 02840A OA81 0004 A 9N RH9 .. 02865 02841A OA85 0004 A BNI RHB 4 02866 02842A OA99 0004 A CN RHB 4 02867 029.o13A OA8D 0004 A CNI RHB ~ 02868 02844A OA91 0004 A DN RHB .. 02869 02845A OA95 0004 A DNl' RH9 4 02870 ~2946A OA99 0004 A EN RH9 4 '02971 02947A OA9D 0004 A ENI RHB 4 02972 029481\ OAAI 0004 A FN RH9 .. 02873 02949A OAAS 0004 1\ FNI RH9 ~ .. 02974 02850A OAA9 0004 A ON RH9 4 02975 02951A OAAD 0004 A ONt RHB 4 02976 029S2A OABI 0004 1\ HN RHB .. 02877 028531\ OAB5 0004 A HNI RHB 4 02879 02854A OAB9 0004 A PN RH9 4 02979 0295SA OABD 0004 A PH! RHB .. 02990 02856A OACI 0004 A ON RH9 .. ~

- 02881 02857A OAC5 0004 1\ ONI RHB 4 --.J 02982 029S9A OAC9 0004 A RN~ RH9 4 ~

02893 02859A OACD 0004 A RNI RHB 4 0298.. 02860A OADI 0004 A SN RH9 4 02885 02861A OAD5 0004 ~A SNI RHB ~ 02886 029621\ 0l\D9 0004 1\ TN RH9 ..

PAOE 055 EXCIT .ALII

02887 02863A OADD 0004 02888 02964A OAE1 0004 02999 02965A OAE5 0004 02890 02866A OAE9 0004 02891 02B67A OAED 0004 02B92 02B6BA OAFI 0004 02893 02869A OAF5 0004 02894 02870A OAF9 0004 02895 02B71A OAFD 0004 02896 02872A OB01 0004 02B97 02B73A OB05 0004 02B9fi 02874A OB09 0002 02899 02B75A 080B 0004 02900 02B76A OBOF 0004 02901 02B77A OB13 0004 02902 02B7BA OB17 0004 02903 02879A OBIB 0004 02904 02B80A OBIF 0001 02905 02B81A 0820 0001 02906 02BB2A OB21 0002 029,07 02883 TOTAL ERRORB OOOOO--~OOOO TOTAL WARNINGB 00000--00000 -

A TNI RHB A UN RHB A UN1 RHB A VN RHB A VHl RHB A WH RHIf A WHI RHB fi XN RHB A XNI RHB A OUTPUT RHB A VTHI RHB A OUTPT RHB A VTN RHB A VPBN RHB A VREFH RHB A IFDN RHB A IN RH8 A HNDONE RH8 A PBBFLO RHB A TIHADR RH8

END

/1.

.. 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .. .. 2 4 .. .. .. 4 1 1 2

o

. "-

.-

...... , --.J

N

.-'

III

.. , "

.. 1

173

APPENDIX II

Parameters used for tests explained in section 6.1 and

results in Fig5 6.1 to 6.6 are as below.

(a) Types DCl and DC2

T "'\ =T = O. V = 7.3 r c max T oz 0.9 V . = -6.6 e rm~n ,,\_ K '" 1 Sel ,,;~.86 e .. T = 0.02 Se2 = 0\5 a K ". 200 Efdl = 3.9 a

" Tf '" 1

~ Efd2 = 2.925

Kf '" 0.03 1

(b) ,

Type De3

T • 0 Vmax ,.. 7.3

r K = 0.05 Vrmin = -6.6 v T oz 0.8 T~h = 0.5 e K = Efdl = 3.9 e

~

Sel = 0.86 Efd2 = 2.925

Se2 = 0.5 ~)

1

Il

(c) Type ACt

T aTb-T • 0 r c, R .. 200 a

Ta .. 0.02

Kf • 0.03

Tt' '" K = 'e T • 0.8 e

Rd '" 0.38

(d) Type AC4

T =T "'T .. 0 r b c K

a T

a

= 200

::: 0.02

v .. 0.5 imax

(e) Type STl

T IlOT =T .. 0 r b c

K '" 20 a

T .. 0.02 a

K = 0.03 f

Tf =

\

Vrmax • "'.3

Vrmin .. -6.6

.. O. l

se2 .. 0.03

Efdl == 3

Efd2 .. 2.25

.. 0.2 1

Vrmax lit 7.3

Vrmin '"' -6.6

K c

.. 0

V. . ... -0.5 lmln

v. .. 0.5 lmax V. • ::: -0.5

lmln V = 7.3 rmax V . = -6.6

rtnln K = 0 c

1

1 175

APPENDIX lIt

(1) Synchronous Machine Parameters Manic-5 }

xd .. 0.968 pu Tdo ' .. 6.32 sec

Xd ' .. 0.24 pu Tdo " = 0.051 sec

xd" .. O. 181 pu Tqo " = 0.0608 sec

Xq = 0.588 pu Td , = 1 .57 sec

Xq ' = 0.24 pu Td" = 0.0385 sec

, Xq " = 0.206 pu .-

Tq" = 0.0248 sec

Ta = 0.148 sec

2} Excitation System Parameters

Unless otherwise stated, the parameters used for the

tests described in section 6.2 are as below.

(a) Types DCl and DC2

T =T =T = r b c

0

K = 200 V = 4. 12 a rmax

T = 0.05 V = -4. 12 a rmin

K = -0.243 S = 1 .308 e el

T = 0.95 S = 0.484 e e2

K = 0.04 Efdl = 3.87 f l'

T = ,1 Efd2

= 2.9025 f

, "

176 . a (b) 'Type De3

T • r 0

Ke • 0.35 "rmax • 5.94

Te .. 0.76 ~in = 1. 21

f\r "" 0.1 Sel :::: 0.95

Trh • 20 Se2 .. 0.22

Erdl ,.. 3.05'

Erd2 = 2.2875

(c) Type ACl

'" T =\ =-T ... 0 r c R = 50 V .. 7.3 a max T : 0.02 V = -6.6 a rmin K :l 1 Sel = O. 1 e T = 0.8 Se2 '" 0.03 e

Kf = 0.03 Efdl = 3.9

Tf = Efd2 = 2.925

R "" 0.2 c Rd = 0.38

..

0'11

Cd) Type AC4

T -Tb-T • 0 r c

K - 50 a

Ta - 0.02

Kc ... 0

(e) Type STl

T =T. =T :or 0 r, ,L> c K = 100' a T "" 0.395 a Kr = 0.0635

T .. r.

,. 177

Vrmax - 5 \

V . '" -1 rml.n

Vimax '" 0.5

V. . '" -0.5 l.ml.n

" ft

V '" 3.84 rmax

V . = -3.84 rml.n

V. = l.max

V.. =-1 l.mm

K = 0 c

- _ .....

1 178

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r

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{

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~ . ...

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)

t