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An Innovative Synthesis of Graphene oxide by hummers method

Ehsan Ezzatpour Ghadim1, Firouzeh Manouchehri 1, 2, Mahboobeh Manoouchehri1*1Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch (IAUCTB), 14676 6831Tehran, Iran.

2Depar tment of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Faculty of Science, 15418-49611Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

A method for the fabricated of Graphene oxide (GO) is pronounced.Graphite is intensified 3g to the sum of H2SO4, and performing the

reaction in a 9:1(180/20ml) Mixture of H2SO4/ P2O5 improves theeffectiveness of the oxidation procedure. This method provides a largerAmount of hydrophilic oxidized Graphene oxide material as comparedto Hummers method with intensifying KMnO4.In hummers methods,graphite oxidized by KMNO4 with sulfuric and nitric acids.Furthermore, even though the GO created by our method is moreoxidized by other organized Hummers method, produced from this

different method is equivalent in its electrical conductivity. In contrast toHummers method, the innovative method does not produce noxious andtoxic gas, the temperature is simply under control and avoid to explosionduring examination procedure. This synthesis of GO may be significantfor appropriate purification and large-scale production of GO as well asthe construction of devices self-possessed of the Following method. Thismethod provides 2.7 g of product which is indicated by RAMAN, UV-VIS, FT-IR, XRD, and TEM.

Keywords: Graphene oxide, Graphite, electrical conductivity, oxidation

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Characterization of Graphene oxide

Graphene oxide (GO) was prepared using modified Hummers method. TEM, FT-IR spectrum, XRD, UVVis spectrum and Raman spectroscopy were employed tocharacterize the prepared GO. The TEM imaging was further used to characterizeand the prepared GO has flake-like shapes.

Figure. 1. In the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra

revealed the existence of OH (3400 cm-1), C=O (1720 cm-1),C=C (1640 cm-1) C-OH (1224 cm-1), and C-O (1050 cm-1)functional groups, suggesting that oxygen-containing groups areintroduced into the Graphene.

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Figure. 2. UV-Vis spectra, the degree of remaining conjugationcan be determined by the max of each UV-Vis spectrum. Themore * transitions, the less energy required to be used for

the electronic transition, which advantageous in a higher max.

It has previously reported in the range 227-231 nm [30, 31].Furthermore, a similar shoulder around ~300 nm is observed andcan be attributed to n* transitions of the carbonyl groups.

The GO dispersion displays a maximum absorption at 231 nm,which is due to the transition of aromatic C=C bands.

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Figure. 3. The XRD pattern of the prepared GO has a peakcentered at 2 = 9.08, corresponding to the (002) inter-planarspacing of 8.0 .

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Figure. 4. The Raman spectrum displayed a fortify peakassigned to the vibration of sp2-banded carbon atoms at 1580

cm-1(G band) and other strong peak assigned to the vibration ofdisordered sp3carbon at 1350 cm-1(D band).

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Figure. 5. shows a TEM image of single graphene oxide nanoparticles. Itappears transparent and is folded over on one edge with isolated small

fragments of graphene oxide on its surface. These observations indicatethe water-soluble graphene is similar to single graphene oxide peeledfrom pyrolytic graphite (0.9 nm thick).

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Conclusion

The Innovative Synthesis of Graphene oxide for producing GO

nanoparticles has more significant advantages over Hummers method.

The protocol for running the reaction does not involve a large exotherm

and produces no toxic gas. Moreover, the new method yields a higher

fraction of well-oxidized hydrophilic carbon material. In This new

method, GO is more oxidized than hummers. The GO possesses a more

regular structure than the other materials. An increased number of

isolated aromatic rings could be a component of this more regular

framework structure. This suggests that the Innovative method might

disrupt the basal plane of the graphite less than Hummers method. The

mechanism for producing GO with a more regular structure could be

based on the formation of five-membered cyclic phosphate groups that

the P2O5 in combination with sulfuric acid have two vicinal diols

formed on the graphite basal plane. Taken together, these data suggest

that the innovative method could be advantageous for large-scale

production of GO.

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