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Testing SAP R/3A Manager’s Step-by-Step Guide
JOSE FAJARDOELFRIEDE DUSTIN
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Testing SAP R/3A Manager’s Step-by-Step Guide
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Testing SAP R/3A Manager’s Step-by-Step Guide
JOSE FAJARDOELFRIEDE DUSTIN
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights
reserved.
Wiley Bicentennial Logo: Richard J. Pacifico
Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New
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Published simultaneously in Canada.
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For more information about Wiley products, visit our Web site
atwww.wiley.com.Anand, Sanjay.
Sarbanes-Oxley guide for finance and information technology
professionals / Sanjay Anand.Fajardo, Jose, 1974–Testing SAP R/3 :
a manager’s step-by-step guide / Jose Fajardo, Elfriede Dustin.p.
cm.Includes index.ISBN: 978-0-470-05573-1 (cloth : acid-free
paper)1. SAP R/3—Testing. 2. Business enterprises—Computer
programs—Testing.3. Client/server computing. I. Dustin, Elfriede.
II. Title.HF5548.4.R2F34 2007650.0285’53—dc22
20060366512005031928
Printed in the United States of America
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www.wiley.com
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This book is dedicated to the loving memory of my mother, Maria
T. Arregoces
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Contents
CHAPTER 1Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2Status Quo Review of Existing Testing Practices 19
CHAPTER 3Requirements 35
CHAPTER 4Estimating Testing Costs 61
CHAPTER 5Functional Test Automation 69
CHAPTER 6Test Tool Review and Usage 91
CHAPTER 7Quality Assurance Standards 171
CHAPTER 8Assembling the QA/Test Team 187
CHAPTER 9Establishing and Maintaining Testing Resources 219
CHAPTER 10Planning and Construction of Test Cases 231
CHAPTER 11Capacity Testing 243
CHAPTER 12Test Execution 267
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CHAPTER 13Management of Test Results and Defects 285
CHAPTER 14Testing in an SAP Production Environment 299
CHAPTER 15Outsourcing the SAP Testing Effort 319
APPENDIX AAdvanced Testing Concepts 333
APPENDIX BCase Study: Accelerating SAP Testing 355
Index 365
viii Contents
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About the Authors
Jose Fajardo is a former SAP consultant of
PricewaterhouseCoop-ers LLP and Computer Sciences Corporation
(CSC), he hasworked as an independent SAP consultant for Fortune
100 companiesutilizing automated testing strategies and in
particular implementingSAP R/3. His competency in automated test
tools includes productsfrom Mercury Interactive as well as Rational
Corporation.
With subject matter expertise in validating and managing
testingof ERP systems, Fajardo has participated in verification of
cus-tomized implementations of SAP R/3, SAP R/3 bolt-ons,
customapplications, and non-SAP applications interfacing with SAP
R/3.Fajardo has been instrumental in guiding and mentoring Fortune
100companies in the development of testing strategies and
methodolo-gies, creating testing standards, documenting Test
Readiness Reviewchecklists, documenting entrance/exit/release
criteria, implementingtesting best practices, creating quality
assurance (QA) teams and QAprocesses, mentoring junior programmers,
staffing testing effortswith resources, performing verification and
validation activities,managing outsourcing agreements, preparing
for audits of testing re-sults, managing the execution of test
scripts, and implementing auto-mated testing strategies.
Fajardo has published several articles on automation
strategy,performance testing, regression testing, functional
testing, imple-menting testing best practices, and testing
standards and procedures.
Elfriede Dustin is author of Effective Software Testing and lead
au-thor of Automated Software Testing and Quality Web Systems,books
that have been translated into various languages and have soldtens
of thousands of copies throughout the world. Her latest book,
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The Art of Software Security Testing, coauthored with
securityexperts Chris Wysopal, Lucas Nelson, and Dino Dai Zovi, was
pub-lished by Symantec Press in November 2006. Dustin has also
au-thored various white papers on the topic of software testing,
teachesvarious testing tutorials, and is a frequent speaker at
various softwaretesting conferences. She is the cochair of VERIFY,
an internationalsoftware testing conference held in the Washington,
D.C., area. Insupport of software test efforts, Dustin has been
responsible for im-plementing automated test, or has performed as
the lead consul-tant/manager guiding the implementation of
automated and manualsoftware testing efforts. Dustin has a BS in
computer science withover 15 years of information technology
experience and currentlyworks as an independent consultant in the
Washington, D.C., area.You can reach her via her Web site at
www.effectivesoftwaretest-ing.com or at
[email protected].
x About the Authors
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About the Contributors
Lorrie Collins is a national solutions director for Spherion
Corpora-tion. She leads the Software Quality Management Practice,
whichprovides Quality Assurance, Validation and Testing, and
TestAutomation services to help clients maximize their technology
invest-ments. Collins is certified in information technology (IT)
project man-agement and has over 20 years of IT experience across
numerousindustries, technical platforms, and environments.
Bob Koche began his career developing software and evolved toa
writer and speaker on software development practices. As a
soft-ware entrepreneur he is associated with a number of category
firstsincluding the first SQL database on a PC (acquired by IBM),
the firstWeb QA tool (acquired by Microsoft), and now the first
SAP-centrictest automation tool.
Linda G. Hayes is the CTO of WorkSoft, Inc., developer of
next-generation test automation solutions. She is the founder of
three soft-ware companies including AutoTester, the first PC-based
testautomation tool. Hayes holds degrees in accounting, tax, and
lawand is a frequent industry speaker and award-winning author on
soft-ware quality. She has been named as one of Fortune magazine’s
Peo-ple to Watch and one of the Top 40 under 40 by Dallas
BusinessJournal. She is a columnist for ComputerWorld, Datamation,
andStickyMinds.com; authored the Automated Testing Handbook;
andcoedited Dare to Be Excellent with Alka Jarvis on best practices
in thesoftware industry. Her article “Quality Is Everyone’s
Business” wona Most Significant Contribution award from the Quality
AssuranceInstitute and was published as part of the Auerbach
Systems Devel-opment Handbook. You can contact her at
[email protected].
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Preface
Planning, preparing, scheduling, and executing SAP test cycles
is atime-consuming and resource-intensive endeavor that requires
par-ticipation from several project members. SAP projects are prone
tohave informal, ad-hoc test approaches that decrease the stability
ofthe production environment and tend to increase the cost of
owner-ship for the SAP system. Many SAP project and test managers
cannotprovide answers for questions such as how many requirements
havetesting coverage, the exit criteria for a test phase, the audit
trails fortest results, the dependencies and correct sequence for
executing testcases, or the cost figures for a previously executed
test cycle. Fortu-nately, through established testing techniques
predicated on guide-lines and methodologies (i.e., ASAP SAP Roadmap
methodology,IBM’s Ascendant methodology, and Deloitte’s
ThreadManagermethodology), enforcement of standards, application of
objectivetesting criteria, test case automation, implementation of
a require-ments traceability matrix (RTM), and independent testing
and for-mation of centralized test teams, many of the testing risks
that plagueexisting or initial SAP programs can be significantly
reduced.
This book is written for SAP managers, SAP consultants,
SAPtesters, and team leaders who are tasked with supporting,
managing,implementing, and monitoring testing activities related to
test plan-ning, test design, test automation, test tool management,
execution oftest cases, reporting of test results, test
outsourcing, planning a bud-get for testing activities, enforcing
testing standards, and resolvingdefects.
The book revisits testing standards and techniques supported
bythe software engineering institute, the Institute of Electrical
and Elec-tronics Engineers, and Unified Modeling Language (UML),
which
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