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A Management System to Develop. Occupational Health & Safety in Ground. Control Operations of Underground Mines. Kazem Oraee , PhD. Professor, Stirling University, UK. Arash Goodarzi , MSc. Research Fellow, Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Iran. Nikzad Oraee , MSc. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
1
A Management System to Develop
Control Operations of Underground Mines
Occupational Health & Safety in Ground
Kazem Oraee, PhD
Professor, Stirling University, UK
Nikzad Oraee, MSc
Imperial College London, UK
Arash Goodarzi, MSc
Research Fellow, Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, Iran
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Mining can be a dangerous occupation with many potential hazards.
- more than 104,000 miners have died in mining accidents in the United Stated since 1900.
- In the same period, some 631,000 U.S. soldiers and others were killed in wars.
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Most of occurred from 1900 to 1978 when laws and control systems were ineffective.
Mining accident: A silent war?
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Coal provides 30% of primary energy needs
Over 7 million people are employed in this sector globally
Some of the worst human disasters have occurred in coal mining industry, and even to date, mining is performed in very dangerous
conditions in some countries.
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Mining in developing countriesPackage
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400Non-injury / near misses
80property damage accident
1Fatal
3 Injury
50Injury requiring first-aid
Accident Ratio Study – Tye/Pearson triangle
Based on a study of almost 1,000,000 accidents in the British Industry.
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a death or permanent total disability ≈
=
7500 × 130 $ ≈ 1,000,000 $
ACCIDENTS COSTS
7,500 days are lost for every death or permanent disability:
According to ILO calculations:
Iceberg Model
10,000,000 $
direct
costs
indirect
costs
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Former director of the Center for Organizational Learning at the MIT Sloan School of Management
Structure determines behavior.
Peter Senge
OHSAS provides easy to use guidance and a proven method that will develop a systematic approach to managing hazards. It has been used in other industries.
• The creation of a robust safety management system for ground control
Safe behavior by
workers
Therefore:
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Most of fatalities nowadays occur in developing countries where occupational health and safety rules are neglected.
Continuous technological advances and a highly skilled workforce have provided a safer workplace in developed countries.
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- Coal production has increased by 75% .
- Fatal injuries have decreased by 93%.
Since 1970:
Num
ber
M Ton
In USA Coal Mines
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Underground mining still has one of the highest fatal injury rates.
More than five times the national average
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Historically, roof and rib falls have been the greatest cause of fatalities in underground coal mines.
They remain the greatest safety problem.
Between 1999 and 2008, nearly 40% of all underground fatalities were attributed to roof, rib, and face falls.
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Poor roof and rib conditions lead operators in many mines to use roof support systems to prevent accidents.
Recent advances in technology have reduced the total number of such accidents drastically.
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When failures occur, they usually result in severe consequences.
15-Use of heavy machinery and electrical apparatus
-Risks of rock falls
-Working on unstable platforms
-Entry to confined spaces
-Working in noisy and dusty environments
Types of Hazards in Ground Control:
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- Ground Control operators are also subject to increased stress.
- This can cause psychosomatic diseases.
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Accident reports show that the major contributing factor in most rock fall accidents is the failure to adequately manage known risks due to the lack of a systematic process.
Managing these risks requires a management regime that includes strict adherence to operational codes of practice and an enshrined culture of safety.
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Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series 18001 (OHSAS).
An international occupational health and safety management standard.
Objective: To develop occupational health and safety at the workplace.
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OHSAS 18001 has been developed to be compatible with the ISO 9001:2000 (Quality) and ISO 14001:2004 (Environmental) management systems.
It facilitates the integration of quality, environmental and safety management systems by organizations.
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OHSAS complies with applicable legal requirements, though compliance with this Standard does not result in immunity from legal obligations.
It was developed by a selection of leading trade bodies and international standards and certification bodies to address a gap where no third-party certifiable international standard exists.
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-Occupational health and safety (OHS) measures take into
account all conditions and factors that affect, or could
affect the health and safety of employees or others.
A management system is a set of inter-related elements, to be used to establish objectives, and a policy to achieve those objectives.
An OHS management system is part of the overall organization’s management.
OH
SAS
Definitions:
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A management system includes an organizational structure, planning activities (for example, risk assessment and the setting of objectives), responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes, and resources.
The basis of the approach
Policy
Operation
Check
ing
Planning
The OHSAS Standard is based on the methodology known as Plan-Do-Check-Act
William Edwards Deming1900-1993
Plan
Do
Check
Act
Deming cycle(PDCA)
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The Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
Establish standards based
on assesment and consensus
Implement plans to achieve objectives and standards
Measure progress against plans and compliance with standards
Review against objectives and
standards and take appropriate action
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Establish standards
Implement plans
Measure progress
Review against
objectives
Establish standards
Implement plans
Measure progress
Review against
objectives
Establish standards
Implement plans
Measure progress
Review against
objectives
Progress of Standard
3
2
1
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Elements of OHSAS 18001
OHS policy
Planning:-Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls-Legal and other requirements-Objectives and programme(s)
Implementation and operation:-Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authority- Competence, training and awareness- Communication, participation and consultation- Documentation- Control of documents- Operational control- Emergency preparedness and response
Management review
Checking:- Performance measurement and monitoring- Evaluation of compliance- Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action (title only)- Incident investigation- Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action- Control of records- Internal audit
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Clause Description Clause Description Clause Description
— Introduction 4.3.3 Objectives and programme(s)
4.5.1 Performance measurement and monitoring
1 Scope 4.4 Implementation and operation (title only)
4.5.2 Evaluation of compliance
2 Normative references 4.4.1
Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability and authority
4.5.3
Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective action and preventive action (title only)
3 Terms and definitions 4.4.2 Competence, training and awareness 4.5.3.1 Incident investigation
4OHS management system elements (title only)
4.4.3Communication, participation and consultation
4.5.3.2Nonconformity, corrective and preventive action
4.1 General requirements 4.4.4 Documentation 4.5.4 Control of records
4.2 OHS policy 4.4.5 Control of documents 4.5.5 Internal audit
4.3 Planning (title only) 4.4.6 Operational control 4.6 Management review
4.3.1Hazard identification, risk assessment and determining controls
4.4.7 Emergency preparedness and response
4.3.2 Legal and other requirements 4.5 Checking (title only)
4- OH&S Management System Requirements
1- Scope 2- Reference publications 3- Terms and definitions
4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-64-3-1
4-3-2
4-3-3
4-4-1
4-4-2
4-4-3
4-4-4
4-4-5
4-4-6
4-4-7
4-5-1
4-5-2
4-5-3
4-5-4
4-5-5
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1.Scope and objectives
- It does not state specific health and safety performance criteria
- The scope of the OHS management system defines the objectives and its boundaries.
- nor does it give detailed specifications for the design of a management system.
Our Goal is
Zero Accidents
scope
Responsible for all
ground control aspects
relevant to the safe
design and operation
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Within the defined scope, for the nature and scale of the OHS risks to all persons working under the control of the organization.
The ultimate goal is determined by top management.
The objectives should be consistent with the OHS policy and be:
4.2.Policy
- specific
- achievable- measurable
- time bounded- reasonable
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Planning is the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan for all activities.
START
Identify hazards and their harmful
health effects
Identify exposed workers
Identify exposed processes, tasks and hazardous
areas
Assess, measure or verify the exposures
Prioritise theRisks (High, medium,low)
Analyse the effectiveness of existing control
measures
Analyse the potential health
risks
Developping a Risk Control Action Plan
4.3.Planning
The most important aspects of planning:
- hazard identification
- risk assessment
- determination of necessary controls
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- OHS Risk Assessment:
- Decision making process:
It includes analyzing and comparing alternative methods and choosing the less harmful one.
The structured and systematic identification of hazards.
Consequences of accidents and the probability of exposure.
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Mines are complex workplaces and the range of hazards and potential hazards are extensive.
Mines of all kinds are increasingly concerned with achieving and demonstrating sound health and safety performance.
Potential exposure is even more extensive in ground control operations.
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aggressive behavior
sharp teeth
offensive odour
parasites
uncontrolled movementssharp claws
injury to public
bites
nasal irritationtransmission of parasites
public nuisancecuts
training
well fed
washed
powder
collar and leashWell groomed
Risk Assessment
Risks Controls
Identifying Hazards
1
2
3
Risk Management Stages:
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• compiling incident reports• injury reports• audit reports
Identifying Hazards
• failure mode effects analysis(FMEA)
• fault tree analysis• what if
Risk Assessment
• elimination• substitution• engineering (including isolation)• administration (including education and
training) • personal protective equipment
Risk Control
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Methods and Sources of Risk Management
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Efficiency of Risk Control Methods
an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure.
Personal protective equipment
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Safety hazards
Healthhazards
Conducting a survey of the workplaces will help harmonize, consolidate, and finalize the identification of health hazards.
•Physical potential hazards •(noise, vibration, lighting, radiation, heat, and cold)
Some key aspects to be considered are:
•Chemical potential hazards•(dusts, fumes, vapors, mists, liquids, gases, and fibers)
•Safety issues
- rock fall
- accident involving hydraulic pressure
- electrical shock
- machinery accident
- working at height
- fire and explosion
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Assessing exposure levels is the next step after identifying health hazards in an OHS risk assessment process.
Potential Hazard
Likely to be found
Yes/No/Not Sure
Details of specific hazard
Likely harmful effects
Acute/Long latency
Hazard rating
Where located
(area/process/task)
Rock fall Yesfalls of small rocks from
the mine roofInjury or
death Acute 100 between roofbolts
High pressure of hydraulics fluid Yes
The rupture of the high
pressure hoseInjury or
death Acute 100 Near power support systems
It characterizes exposures in terms of their intensity and duration for processes, tasks, and areas.
Exposures can be estimated qualitatively or be quantified.
A risk assessment worksheet provides the necessary tools to assess risk and therefore avoid it, or to reduce the possibility and percentage of accidents and other risk related incidents.
A Typical worksheetChecklists Save Lives
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Falling roof rock during pillar recovery
Breaker post should be installed from the out by side of the remaining pillar block toward the pillared out areas
Injury caused by a rotating rock bolt
Hands off
Being caught between support and AFC
Walk or stand on pontoons, not in potential pinch point areas
Hazards and Controls
40
Fall of small pieces of rock between roof bolts
Providing overhead protection to bolter operator by roof screen
Falls of mine ribs
Shorter cut depths
High pressure of hydraulic fluid
Damage prevention to hoses and controls
Hazards and Controls
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4.4.IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION4.4.1.Resources, roles, responsibility, accountability, and authority
- Top management shall take ultimate responsibility for the OHS management system.
4.4.2.Competence, training, and awareness
- Miners have a right to know about the hazards.
OHSAS requires mine operators to provide information to miners about hazards.
- Miners have the responsibility to know about hazards.
Human resources & Specialized skills
Financial resources
Organizational infrastructure
Technology
Resources
Responsibility
Ability
Literacy
Language skills
Training
Required Resources
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reviewed regularly a
4.4.3.Communication, participation and consultation
The minimum contribution by workers:
Documentation provides evidence.
The examination of the roof in the work area prior to commencing work
4.4.4.Documentation
Documentation pyramid for OHSAS Standard
and being alert of changing roof conditions.
4.4.IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION
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4.4.5.Control of documents
-A competent authority is generally authorized to control the ground control plan.
4.4.6.Operational control
Emergency preparedness and response
Operational control
ContractorsServicesEquipmentPurchased
goods
Supplies
Equipment
All employees
an unplanned roof collapse
4.4.IMPLEMENTATION AND OPERATION
approval of documents for
adequacy prior to being issued
revise them if necessary
The producers of control of documents
Pre-requests
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4.5.CHECKING4.5.1.Performance measurement and monitoring
OHSAS 18001 requires that OHS performance be monitored on a regular basis.
4.5.2.Evaluation of compliance -Governments employ many inspectors to ensure that operators observe the national and international laws.
Qualitative measures
Quantitative
measuresProactivemeasures
Reactivemeasures
monitoring mechanism
A good understanding of how the mine is performing with time.
systematically recorded
International safety codes (ILO)
International occupational health codes (WHO)
National codes
-The establishment of OHSAS 18001 satisfies governments on operators’ adherence to OHS codes.
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4.5.3.Incident investigation, nonconformity, corrective action, and preventive action
4.5.4.Control of records
An organization confirms through internal audit that their OHS management system complies with requirements.
4.5.5.Internal audit
Records are essential to demonstrate the satisfactory operation of the safety management system.
4.5.CHECKING
Identifyingsafety-related
records
Maintainingsafety-related
records
Disposing safety-related
records
OHSAS 18001 requires an operator for:
Producer for control of records
4.6.Management ReviewReviews shall include assessing opportunities for improvement and the need for changes to the OHS management system.
Good…better…best
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All of De Beers Group's diamond mining operations and Rio Tinto's sites acquired prior to 2005, are certified to OHSAS 18001 standard.
• The OHSAS specification is applicable to any mining operation, from small-scale mine to mining multinational consortium.
Generic management
system standards
OHSAS 18001
47
Safety and health management systems can greatly reduce the number and severity of accidents.
• The benefits: Fewer lost work days, lower accident compensation cost, higher morale and hence improved productivity.
• Managers and employees can work together to identify hazards related to Ground Control.
• Take a proactive approach: Develop and implement processes, procedures and programs that are preventive.
Key Notes:
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Thank you very much for your attention.