A look at the impact imperialism had on the world:

The Colonies Become New Nations

Unit 8 - The Cold War and Decolonization

1. India (GB) - 1947

❖ India was divided into separate nations — India was mostly Hindu and Pakistan was mostly Muslim.

❖ Conflict and violence erupted as people had to relocate based on religious beliefs.

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

2. Pakistan and Bangladesh (GB)❖ Pakistan began as a divided nation.❖ In 1971, E. Pakistan declared itself

an independent nation, Bangladesh.

❖ Civil war erupted between Pakistan and Bangladesh. Pakistan eventually surrendered.

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

3. Sri Lanka (GB) - 1948

❖ Sri Lanka was formerly Ceylon.

❖ Ongoing fighting has occurred between the Sinhalese, who are Buddhists, and Tamils, who are Hindu.

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT

1. The Philippines (US) - 1946❖ The Philippine gov’t was still

almost completely dependent on the US after WWII.

❖ Due to a harsh ruler who was president for 20 years, presidents are limited to one six-year term.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

2. Burma (GB) - 1948

❖ Burma was renamed Myanmar in 1989.

❖ It has had ongoing conflicts between military gov’ts and pro-democracy activists.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

3. Malaysia and Singapore (GB)❖ The Federation of Malaya was

created in 1957, connecting two regions on the Malay Peninsula and northern Borneo.

❖ In 1965, Singapore became an independent city-state.

❖ Malaya, Sarawak, and Sabah became known as Malaysia.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

4. Indonesia (Dutch) - 1949

❖ Indonesia faced political instability, corruption, economic challenges, and some religious intolerance in the decades following its independence.

SOUTHEAST ASIA

1. Ghana (GB) - 1957

❖ After gaining independence, Ghana shifted back and forth between civilian and military rule and had economic instability.

❖ In 2000, it had its first open elections.

AFRICA

2. Kenya (GB) - 1963❖ Kenya’s fight for

independence resulted in more than 10,000 African deaths.

❖ A corrupt gov’t and ethnic conflicts killed many and left others homeless.

❖ Kenya had free elections in 2002.

AFRICA

3. Algeria (France)

❖ Religious fundamentalists in Algeria wanted to make the newly independent country an Islamic state.

❖ Civil wars between Islamic militants and the Algerian gov’t have been ongoing.

AFRICA

4. Congo (Belgium) - 1960❖ A civil war brought Mobutu to

power. He renamed the country Zaire.

❖ Rebel leader Kabila took over during a civil war. The country was renamed the Democratic Republic of Congo.

❖ Yet another civil war led to Kabila’s assassination.

❖ Rebel forces agreed to a cease-fire in 2002.

AFRICA

5. Angola (Portugal) - 1975

❖ Angola also faced civil war for decades between two groups, the Communist-leaning MPLA and the US and South Africa supported UNITA.

❖ The civil war ended in 2002.

AFRICA

6. Rwanda (Belgium) - 1962

❖ Ethnic violence erupted between the Hutus and Tutsis for decades.

❖ In 1994 alone, Hutus massacred up to 500,0000 Tutsis. A total of ~1 million Tutsis were slaughtered by the time the genocide ended.

❖ The UN punished those responsible for the genocide.

AFRICA