A LESSON IN TOLERANCE May we never let it happen again
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Background Prewar European population: 9.5 million Most Jews
lived in eastern Europe, primarily in the Soviet Union and Poland.
The Nazi party came to power in Germany in 1933. The Germans moved
to extend their power in central Europe, annexing Austria and
destroying Czechoslovakia.
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Background (2) Germany invaded Poland in 1939, beginning World
War II. Over the next two years, German forces conquered most of
Europe. The Germans established ghettos in occupied eastern
territories, isolating and persecuting the Jewish population.
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Background (3) Nazi anti-Jewish policy expanded with the
invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941. Mobile killing units murdered
Jews, Roma (also called Gypsies), Soviet political commissaries and
others. The Germans and their collaborators deported Jews to
extermination camps in occupied Poland.
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Background (4) At the largest extermination camp,
Auschwitz-Birkenau, transports arrived almost daily from across
Europe. By wars end, almost six million Jews and millions of others
had perished in the Holocaust. Postwar European Jewish Population,
ca. 1950: 3.5 million
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Holocaust (holocaust): n - 1. Great destruction resulting in
the extensive loss of life, especially by fire 2. Greek word
meaning burnt whole or consumed by fire Holocaust (holocaust): n -
1. Great destruction resulting in the extensive loss of life,
especially by fire 2. Greek word meaning burnt whole or consumed by
fire
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Holocaust Victims 6 million Jews 1.5 million children under 12
Other Undesirables 5 million 11 MILLION KILLED
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September 11, 2001 Nearly 3000 People died on September
11th
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Prejudice Prejudice comes from the word prejudge (pre-judge, or
judge beforehand). A prejudice is a preconceived opinion or feeling
formed without knowledge, thought or reason. Prejudices are often
based on stereotypes.
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Anti-Semitism Hostility toward or discrimination against Jewish
people.
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Fascism A system of government where a dictator has complete
control.
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Genocide Genocide is a word that combines the Greek word genos
(meaning race, people, or nation) and the ending cide (meaning to
kill). Genocide refers to the deliberate and systematic
extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural
group.
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Ghetto The confinement of Jews in a set-apart area of the
city.
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Yellow Star Nazis forced Jews to wear a cloth badge with the
word Jew written in the center of a yellow six pointed star.
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Yellow Star
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Kapo Camp prisoner forced to oversee other prisoners.
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Concentration camp Camps that were primarily used for slave
labor Holding camps or Transit camps
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Death camp Camps dedicated to the efficient murder of Jews and
other victims; E.g. Auschwitz-Birkenau, Belzec, Chelmo, Madjanek,
Sobibor, Treblinka. The terms was also used for concentration camps
where thousands died of starvation and disease.
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Adolf Hitler The Fuhrer, dictator of Germany (Chancellor 1933,
President 1934), Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany from
1934 to 1945. He initiated World War II and oversaw fascist
policies that resulted in millions of deaths.
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Adolf Hitler Video Clip
http://www.biography.com/people/adolf-hitler-
9340144/videos/adolf-hitler-mini-biography- 2232485039
http://www.biography.com/people/adolf-hitler-
9340144/videos/adolf-hitler-mini-biography- 2232485039
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Photo credit: USHMM Photo Archives Photo credit: National
Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives courtesy of USHMM Photo
Archives Adolf Hitler
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Rise of the Nazi Party courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives Hitlers
Promises Better life Germany great nation Racial purity Hitler
Youth Parade Hitler Youth march through Nuremberg, Germany past
Nazi officials.
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Dr. Mengele The Angel of Death, a doctor who performed brutal,
unnecessary experiments and operations upon prisoners.
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Aryan Race The pure Germanic race, used by the Nazis to suggest
a superior, non- Jewish Caucasian typified by height, blonde hair,
blue eyes.
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SS Schutz-Staffel established in 1929 as Hitlers black shirted
bodyguards. They became the elite guards of the Nazis trained in
brutality and put in charge of concentration camps.
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Gestapo The secret police organized in 1933 to uncover and
undermine political opposition. German acronym for the German
Secret State Police Part of the SS Notorious for terrorism against
enemies of the state.
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Dachau A concentration camp used as a model for the death
camps.
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Auschwitz The largest death camp, located in Poland.
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The Final Solution The plan devised in 1941 to speed up the
system of killing the Jews and undesirables. Shooting and burying
the dead was becoming too costly and inefficient. A more efficient
system was created consisting of gas chambers and crematories to
kill the Jews. Six death camps were built and were kept running
round the clock, killing thousands per day.
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Selection Term used when the SS forced prisoners to line up for
inspection and decided which prisoners would live and which would
be killed.
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In the Beginning The Nuremberg Laws: Laws created to keep Jews
from marrying or have relations with non-Jews. These laws also
stripped Jews of their German citizenship.
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Photo credits: Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, courtesy of USHMM
Photo Archives Kristallnacht Night Of Broken Glass
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You have no right to live among us as Jews.
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You have no right to live among us.
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You have no right to live ! Photo credit: Leopold Page
Photographic Collection
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People being resettled to Concentration Camps
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Entrance to Auschwitz Work will set you free
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Prisoners arriving at the camps
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Crowded Conditions
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Even the very young
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Photo credit: German National Archives
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eyeglasses
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Shoes
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Night
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Nonfiction: types An autobiography is a sketch of the authors
entire life, often from birth up until the time of the writing. A
memoir focuses on one aspect of the writers life. Memoirs usually
cover a relatively short span of time, and their main purpose is to
draw the readers attention to a specific theme or
circumstance.
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Nonfiction: other types A biography is the story of a life from
another persons perspective. An essay is a short nonfiction work
that addresses a specific subject. A speech is a talk or an address
presented to an audience.
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Night by Elie Wiesel Autobiographical, memoir Focus on
observation - describes an event that the writer witnessed
firsthand. Elie Wiesel - Bearing Witness - invites us to listen,
and to remember. Those who cannot remember the past are condemned
to repeat it.
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Strategies for Reading Nonfiction Find the writers main points
and support. Ask yourself what the author wants you to learn or
think about. *Be an active learnerinvestigate and inquire
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Elie Wiesel Video Clip:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgAZQXcGx VE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cgAZQXcGx VE
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During the time of the Jewish annihilation, there were many
families that were being shattered and torn apart. One of these
families were the Wiesels. The family consisted of Elie, his father
Schlomo, his mother Sarah, and his three sisters, Hilda, Tzipora,
Bea. Schlomo, Elies father. Elies mother, Sarah, and sister, Hilda.
Elie at age 15.
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In the year 1955, Elie decided to move to New York. Elie wrote
many books speaking out against oppression, especially the
Holocaust. Some of the books he wrote became very famous such as
Night, Souls On Fire, After the Darkness, and The Jews of Silence.
In 1986, Elie was awarded one of the highest honors in the world,
The Nobel Peace Prize.
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Quotes to Remember I write to understand as much as to be
understood. No human race is superior; no religious faith is
inferior. All collective judgments are wrong. Only racists make
them. The opposite of love is not hate, it's indifference.
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In Germany they first came for the Communists, and I didnt
speak up because I wasnt a Communist. Then they came for the Jews,
and I didnt speak up because I wasnt a Jew. Then they came for the
trade unionists, and I didnt speak up because I wasnt a trade
unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, and I didnt speak up
because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me and by that time
no one was left to speak up. -Reverend Martin Niemoeller,
Protestant minister, Germany, and concentration camp survivor
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Hath not a Jew eyes? Hath not a Jew hands, organs, dimensions,
senses, affections, passions; fed with the same food, hurt with the
same weapons, subject to the same diseases, heal'd by the same
means, warm'd and cool'd by the same winter and summer as a
Christian is? If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us,
do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die? And if you wrong
us, shall we not revenge? - Shylock Shakespeare, Merchant of Venice
Act III Scene I