A Laboratorio Nº 5 (Tafel) i

8/18/2019 A Laboratorio Nº 5 (Tafel) i

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UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DETRUJILLO

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIAESCUELA ACADEMICO PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERIA DEMATERIALES

TEMA:“LABORATORIO N° 5: ENSAYO DE CORROSIÓN

ELECTROQUÍMICA”CURSO:

LABORATORIO DE CORROSIÓN Y PROTECCIÓN DE METALES

DOCENTE:

Dr. CÁRDENAS ALAYO, Donato

ALUMNOS:BOCANEGRA MENDOZA, Juan Pablo

ERNÁNDEZ ESCOBEDO, Anton!"ALDI"IA TORRES, E#uar#o

CICLO:"III

FECHA: $% D& OCT'BREGRUPO: C TRUNO: Mart&( #& )) a ) *+

2!2TR'JILLOPER-


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LABORATORIO N" 5

I# TITULO: ENSAYO DE CORROSIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA

II# OBJETIVOS:

2#!# Pr&*arar *rob&ta( *ara &l &n(a!o #& orro(/0n &l&tro1u2+/a.2#2# Int&r*r&tar ur3a( #& *olar/4a/0n (&56n Ta7&l.

2#$# E(t/+ar la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #&l &.

III#FUNDAMENTO TEÓRICO$#!# ASPECTOS GENERALES DE LA CORROSIÓN#

En t8r+/no( t8n/o( (/+*l/7/a#o(, la orro(/0n 9a (/#o #&7/n/#a o+o la #&(tru/0n#& un +&tal *or r&a/0n 1u2+/a o &l&tro1u2+/a *or &l +/o a+b/&nt&.La orro(/0n &( un *ro&(o un/tar/o, t&r+o#/n:+/a+&nt& &(*ont:n&o & /rr&3&r(/bl&, !/n8t/a+&nt& 7at/bl& a 3&lo/#a#&( +&n(urabl&(, 1u& (& *r&(&nta &n (/(t&+a(on(t/tu/#o( *or +at&r/a tran(7or+a#a, &;*u&(ta a un a+b/&nt& orro(/3o< #an#o o+or&(ulta#o la #&5ra#a/0n o #&t&r/oro #& &(ta +at&r/a tran(7or+a#a, 9a(ta on3&rt/r(& &n&l +at&r/al #&l 1u& *ro3/no.E;/(t&n +u9a( 7or+a( #& orro(/0n. Lo( #o( +:( o+un&( r&la/ona#o( on &l 7on#o#& un tan1u& (on la 5&n&ral ! la *untual. En la corrosión general , (& 7or+an +/l&( #&&l#a( +/ro(0*/a( (obr& un :r&a #& la (u*&r7//& #&l +&tal, r&(ultan#o &n *8r#/#a #&+&tal. En la corrosión puntual , la( &l#a( /n#/3/#ual&( (on +:( at/3a( ! (& *u&n/#&nt/7/ar #/(t/nta( :r&a( an0#/a( ! at0#/a(. La *8r#/#a #&l +&tal &n &(& a(o *u&on&ntrar(& #&ntro #& :r&a( r&lat/3a+&nt& *&1u&=a(, (/n 1u& la orro(/0n a7&t& :r&a(on(/#&rabl&( #& la (u*&r7//&.La composición del metal &( /+*ortant& *ara #&t&r+/nar 1u& :r&a( #& la (u*&r7//& (&on3/&rt&n &n :no#o( o &n :to#o(. Pu&n (ur5/r #/7&r&n/a( #& *ot&n/al&l&tro1u2+/o &ntr& :r&a( a#!a&nt&( *or la #/(tr/bu/0n #&(/5ual #& lo( &l&+&nto( &nla al&a/0n o &n lo( onta+/nant&(, #&ntro #& la &(trutura #&l +&tal.La( propiedades físicas y químicas de los electrolitos ta+b/8n /n7lu!&n &n la7or+a/0n #& :r&a( at0#/a( (obr& la (u*&r7//& #&l +&tal. Por &>&+*lo, (& *u&n5&n&rar #/7&r&n/a( #& *ot&n/al &ntr& :r&a( #& una (u*&r7//& #& a&ro, #&b/#o a la(#/7&r&nt&( on&ntra/on&( #& o;25&no. La( :r&a( on ba>a( on&ntra/on&( #& o;25&no(& on3/&rt&n &n an0#/a( ! la( :r&a( on alta( on&ntra/on&( #& o;25&no (&on3/&rt&n &n at0#/a(. E(to *u& au(ar orro(/0n &n :r&a( #on#& &l barro ! otro(r&(/#uo( (& 9allan &n ontato on &l 7on#o #& a&ro #& un tan1u& (obr& una a*a #&ar&na o #on#& un tan1u& (& oloa (obr& #o( t/*o( #/7&r&nt&( #& (u&lo.


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La( características del suelo a7&tan (u(tan/al+&nt& &l t/*o ! 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n#& una &(trutura &n ontato on &l (u&lo. Por &>&+*lo, la( (al&( #/(u&lta( /n7lu!&n &nla a*a/#a# #& tran(*ort& #& orr/&nt& #& lo( &l&trol/to( #&l (u&lo ! a!u#a a#&t&r+/nar la( 3&lo/#a#&( #& r&a/0n (obr& la( :r&a( an0#/a( ! at0#/a(. Elont&n/#o #& 9u+a#, &l *?, la on&ntra/0n #& o;25&no ! otro( 7ator&( /nt&rat6an

#& +an&ra o+*l&>a, /n7lu!&n#o &n la orro(/0n.

$#2# CORROSIÓN ELECTROQUÍMICA#Lla+a#a orro(/0n auo(a *u&( &l a+b/&nt& orro(/3o 5&n&ral+&nt& lo on(t/tu!& un&l&trol/to auo(o l21u/#o. E(t& t/*o #& orro(/0n &( la +:( o+6n *or ll&3ar(& aabo&n on#//on&( #& *r&(/0n ! t&+*&ratura r&lat/3a+&nt& ba>a( 1u& (& &nu&ntran &n la+a!or2a #& *ro&(o( /n#u(tr/al&(.E(t& t/*o #& orro(/0n ourr& *or tran(7&r&n/a #& &l&tron&( ! ta+b/8n #& /on&(, &(#&/r, #&b& *ro#u/r(& #&ntro #& un +/o &l&trol2t/o, o+o &n la( (olu/on&(auo(a(. En &(t& a(o, la o;/#a/0n #&l +&tal ! la ru/0n #& al5una &(*&/&

@r&&*tora #& &l&tron&( o a5&nt& o;/#ant& &n (olu/0n, ourr& &n #/7&r&nt&( :r&a( #& la(u*&r7//& +&t:l/a. La tran(7&r&n/a #& &l&tron&( &( a tra38( #&l +&tal, #&(#& &l :r&aan0#/a @+&tal o;/#a#o 9a/a la at0#/a #on#& &(t: ourr/&n#o la ru/0n #&la5&nt& o;/#ant&.

$#$# COMPONENTES DE UNA CELDA DE CORROSIÓNLa orro(/0n &l&tro1u2+/a ourr& uan#o (& 7or+a la lla+a#a &l#a #& orro(/0n,la ual #&b& &(tar on(t/tu/#a *or uatro &l&+&nto(

%&'(': El&tro#o #& una &l#a 5al3:n/a o #& orro(/0n &n &l ual

ourr& la r&a/0n #& o;/#a/0n o *8r#/#a #& &l&tron&(. Laorro(/0n ourr& &n &l :no#o.

E>&+*lo #& r&a/on&( an0#/a( (on

&→ &$ $& @) Zn→ Zn$ $& @$

Cu→ Cu & @

Al → Al & @%

C)*'(': El&tro#o #& una &l#a 5al3:n/a o #& orro(/0n &n &l ual

ourr& la r&a/0n #& ru/0n o 5anan/a #& &l&tron&(. El:to#o &( *rot&5/#o #& la orro(/0n.

E>&+*lo #& r&a/on&( at0#/a( (on


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Circuito externoElectrones

CATODO

Electrones

MEDIO ELECTROLÍTICO

ANODO

-+

O$ %? %& → $?$O @F $? $&→ ?$ @

C'&(+,*'- ./0,*-1,': El :no#o ! &l :to#o #&b&n &(tar on&ta#o(

&l8tr/a+&nt& *or lo 5&n&ral *or ontato 72(/o, *ara *&r+/t/r &l7lu>o #& &l&tron&( #&l :no#o al :to#o ! 1u& la r&a/0n ont/n6&.

M.(1' ./.,*-'/*1,': E(t& &( &l on#utor a tra38( #&l ual la

orr/&nt& &( ll&3a#a *or 7lu>o #& /on&(. Lo( &l&trol/to( /nlu!&n(olu/on&( auo(a( #& :/#o(, ba(&( ! (al&(.

34 36F17+-4 !#!# C./(4 6)81,4 (. ,'--'819& ./.,*-'+;1,4# 34 C./(4 74/


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El 3alor #& n #&*&n#& #& la natural&4a #&l +&tal, a(2 *or &>&+*lo, la *lata &(+ono3al&nt& +/&ntra( 1u& otro( +&tal&( o+o &l 9/&rro, t/tan/o ! uran/o (on *ol/3al&nt&( ! al5uno( *u&n t&n&r ar5a( *o(/t/3a( tan &l&3a#a( o+o . La E. @)K(& a*l/a a to#a( la( r&a/on&( #& orro(/0n.

$#5# REACCIONES CATODICAS?a! 3ar/a( r&a/on&( at0#/a( 1u& (& &nu&ntran #urant& la orro(/0n #& lo( +&tal&(,tal&( o+o la( 1u& (& &nl/(tan a ont/nua/0nD&(*r&n#/+/&nto #& 9/#r05&no $? $&→ ?$ @))Ru/0n #& o;25&no @&n (olu/on&( :/#a(

O$ %? %& → $?$O @)$Ru/0n #& o;25&no @&n (olu/on&( n&utra( o alal/na(

O$ $?$O %& → %O? @)Ru/0n #& /on&( +&t:l/o(

&

)&

→

&

$

@)%D&*0(/to #& +&talCu$ $& → Cu @)F

La ru/0n #&l o;25&no &( una r&a/0n at0#/a +u! o+6n !a 1u& &l o;25&no &(t: *r&(&nt& &n la at+0(7&ra ! la( (olu/on&( &(t:n &;*u&(ta( a la +/(+a.La ru/0n #& /on&( +&t:l/o( ! &l #&*0(/to #& +&tal&( aun1u& &( +&no( 7r&u&nt&,au(an *robl&+a( #& orro(/0n +u! (&3&ro(. To#a( &(ta( r&a/on&( t/&n&n &n o+6n1u& on(u+&n &l&tron&(.

$#?# ETAPAS DEL PROCESO DE CORROSIÓN ACUOSA

En to#o *ro&(o #& orro(/0n auo(a /nt&r3/&n&n un /&rto n6+&ro #& &ta*a( &n (&r/&<#& la( ual&( la +:( l&nta (&r: la 1u& ontrol& la 3&lo/#a# #&l *ro&(o 5lobal.

Con(/#&ran#o un *ro&(o (/+*l& #& orro(/0n, on &l&trol/to n&utro o alal/no< la(&ta*a( (&r2an

a D/7u(/0n #&l o;/5&no ! &l a5ua, #&(#& &l &l&trol/to @+/oorro(/3o 9a(ta la (u*&r7//& #&l +&tal, atra3&(an#o la *&l2ula/nt&r7a/al +&tal&l&trol/to.

b G&n&ra/0n #& &l&tron&( ! at/on&( &n la /nt&r7a(& +&tal &l&trol/to,

&n la( :r&a( an0#/a( #& la( &l#a( loal&(. A#(or/0n ! r&a/0n #& la( +ol8ula( #& o;25&no ! a5ua,on(u+/&n#o lo( &l&tron&( 5&n&ra#o( &n la 4ona an0#/a, *ro#u/&n#o /on&( o;/#r/lo, O?.

# Tran(*ort& #& lo( *ro#uto( #& r&a/0n< M$ ! O?, 9a/a &l (&no #&la #/(olu/0n o la 7or+a/0n #&l *ro#uto #& orro(/0n 1u& (&a#9/&r& a la (u*&r7//& #&l +&tal.


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Ánodo

Cátodo

Ánodo

La 7/5ura +u&(tra &(ta( &ta*a(.

F17+-4 !#2# R.-.8.&*4,19& .8+.;)*1,4 (. /48 .*448 4-,14/.8 +. 1&*.-


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G) G$, &( #&/r, G K @)En &l &1u/l/br/oG ? T S K @)HDon#& ? r&*r&(&nta la &ntal*2a #&l (/(t&+a,S la &ntro*2a

T la t&+*&ratura ab(oluta.La 7u&r4a /+*ul(ora 9a/a &l &1u/l/br/o &(, *u&( la #/(+/nu/0n #& &n&r52a l/br&, 1u&r&*r&(&nta la a7/n/#a# o t&n#&n/a natural #& la r&a/0n a *ro#u/r(&.El a+b/o #& &n&r52a l/br& 1u& &( una 7un/0n #& &(ta#o, /n#&*&n#/&nt& *or tanto #& la7or+a o a+b/o (&5u/#o *or la tran(7or+a/0n, no (/r3& *ara *r&/r la 3&lo/#a# #&la r&a/0n (/no 1u& r&7l&>a (olo (u t&n#&n/a a *ro#u/r(& ! (u #/r&/0n.

F17+-4 !#$# P.-1/ (. .&.-74 4-4 /4 -.4,,19& (. A B -'(+,1.&(' C D


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S& o+*r&n#& 1u& una on(/#&rabl& barr&ra #& &n&r52a, G, *u& #ar lu5ar a3&lo/#a#&( #& orro(/0n @r&a/0n tan l&nta(, 1u& r&(ultan ut/l/4abl&( &n la *r:t/a #&+at&r/al&( +&t:l/o( on t&n#&n/a( +u! au(a#a( a &3olu/onar 9a/a &l &(ta#oo+b/na#o.

G G$ G) @)

En ual1u/&r r&a/0n 1u2+/a /nlu/#a la #& un +&tal on un +/o a5r&(/3o, lat&n#&n/a a r&al/4ar(& (& +/#& *or la 3ar/a/0n #& la &n&r52a l/br& #& G/bb(, G. Cuanto+a( n&5at/3o &( &l 3alor #& G, +a!or &( la t&n#&n/a a r&al/4ar(& la r&a/0n.?a! 1u& #&(taar 1u& la t&n#&n/a a la orro(/0n no &( una +/#a #& la 3&lo/#a# #&r&a/0n. 'n 5ran 3alor n&5at/3o G *u& o no &(tar ao+*a=a#o *or una &l&3a#a3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n, *&ro uan#o G &( *o(/t/3o (& *u& a7/r+ar on &rt&4a 1u&, ba>o la( on#//on&( *art/ular&( #&(r/ta(, la r&a/0n no (& r&al/4ar: &n ab(oluto.

L4 *.&(.&,14 (. +& ;.*4/ 4 ,'--'.-8. +.(. .-.84-8. .& +&,19& (. /4 +.-4

./.,*-';'*-1: G n E @$K

Don#& n &( &l n6+&ro #& &l&tron&( @o &1u/3al&nt&( 1u2+/o( 1u& to+an *art&&n la r&a/0n &( la on(tant& #& ara#a! @FKK C *or &1u/3al&nt& 1u2+/o.S&56n &(ta &ua/0n, +/&ntra( +a!or (&a &l 3alor #& E #& ual1u/&r */la, +a!or (&r: lat&n#&n/a a r&al/4ar(& la r&a/0n total #& la */la. )U

B E,+4,19& (. N.-8*

'n *ro&(o orro(/3o #&l t/*o &l&tro1u2+/o *u& anal/4ar(& t&r+o#/n:+/a+&nt&,alulan#o *ara &l, (u a+b/o #& &n&r52a l/br& #& G/bb(.La &ua/0n #& ara#a! *ara r&a/on&( &l&tro1u2+/a( #&l t/*o

aA +? n& ⇒ bB ?$OPro*on&

A ∆G nE....................................... @$)Don#& A &( la a7/n/#a# 1u2+/a.∆G &( &l a+b/o #& &n&r52a l/br& #& G/bb( a ual1u/&r on#//0n.n n6+&ro #& &l&tron&( tran(7&r/#o(.

on(tant& #& ara#a!.E *ot&n/al &l&tro1u2+/o atual #&l *ro&(o.

D& /5ual +o#o la &ua/0n #& G/bb( a *r&(/0n on(tant& &( ∆G ∆GK RT ln Q ............. @$$

Don#& ∆G a+b/o #& &n&r52a l/br& #& G/bb( a ual1u/&r t&+*&ratura. ∆GK a+b/o #& &n&r52a l/br& #& G/bb( &(t:n#ar &n &l &1u/l/br/o.


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R on(tant& #& 5a(&( /#&al&(. T t&+*&ratura #& o*&ra/0n. Q on(tant& #& &1u/l/br/o.

S/ r&&+*la4a+o( @$$ &n @$) ! on(/#&ra+o( 1u& &n &l &1u/l/br/o A K, (&

obt/&n&∆GK RT ln Q nE ............. @$

D/3/#/&n#o &ntr& n, (& obt/&n&

............. @$%

Con(/#&ran#o 1u& EK @∆GKn, (& obt/&n& la &ua/0n #& N&r(t

.................................. .@$F

D& au&r#o a la E. @$F, &n &l &1u/l/br/o t&r+o#/n:+/o, ! on(/#&ran#o la (&5un#a

l&! #& :ra#a! ∆G nE, (& *u& a7/r+ar 1u&• S/ E &( *o(/t/3o, &nton&( ∆G &( &.74*1


10/34

e-

e-

e-

e-


11/34

OH-

F

Fe$REC

Me%&r'n' (oros'

Acido sul)*rico,H+ . /M

Electrodo de (l'tino

0's de 1idro2eno/ 't%3 $resi4n 5 "6789

Electrodo de (rue&'Met'l: M

;oluci4n de i4n %etálico,M &ar &l 5a( 9/#ro5&no a &;ata+&nt& ) at+0(7&ra #& *r&(/0n ! $WQ.

El &l&tro#o &(ta /n+&r(o &n una (olu/0n, &n la ual la on&ntra/0n #& /on&(9/#ro5&no &( )M. E(ta (&+/&l#a &( (&*ara#a #& la otra (&+/&l#a a (&r &3alua#a *or

una +&+brana *oro(a #/(&=a#a *ara +/n/+/4ar la onta+/na/0n tran(3&r(al #& lo(&l&trol/to(< lo ual ourr& o+o un r&(ulta#o #&l 7lu>o #& /on&(.

El &l&tro#o a &3aluar &( una o+b/na/0n #& un +&tal ! una (olu/0n #& (u( /on&(,ta+b/8n &n una on&ntra/0n )M. La &l#a &( (u total/#a# t/&n& 1u& &(tar a lat&+*&ratura &(t:n#ar #& $WQ.


12/34H"O

O" O"

H"O

Fe"+

F17+-4 !#5# D.*.-;1&4,19& (. /'8 '*.&,14/.8 .8*)&(4- (. ./.,*-'('#

D E/.,*-'('8 (. R..-.&,14E( una */la *r:t/a+&nt& /+*olar/4abl& ! #& *ot&n/al on(tant&, 1u& (/r3& *ara +/r ! ontrolar &l *ot&n/al #&l &l&tro#o (o+&t/#o a &(tu#/o &n la &l#a #& &n(a!o,

r&7/r/8n#olo a una &(ala arb/trar/a.El &l&tro#o #& r&7&r&n/a *atr0n &( &l El&tro#o #& 9/#r05&no &(t:n#ar @S?E, *&ro#&(5ra/a#a+&nt&, &(t& &l&tro#o &( 7r:5/l ! +u! (&n(/bl& a la onta+/na/0n, *or u!ara40n la( +/#a( (u&l&n r&al/4ar(& on r&(*&to a otro( &l&tro#o( #& r&7&r&n/a. El+:( ut/l/4a#o &n &l laborator/o &( &l #& obr&(ul7ato #& obr& @CSE ! #& Calo+&l@SCELo( &l&tro#o( #& r&7&r&n/a #& +a!or u(o &n lo( traba>o( #& a+*o ! laborator/o (onlo( #& CuCuSO%o( #& *rot&/0n at0#/a #&&(trutura( &nt&rra#a( ! &n la #&t&/0n #& orr/&nt&( 3a5abun#a( (& *r&7/&r&n lo(&l&tro#o( #& obr& (ul7ato #& obr& @Cu CuSO%.

'n &l&tro#o +u! 6t/l *ara traba>o #& a+*o, (obr& to#o &n la( +//on&( #& laorro(/0n, &( &l #& C+C+SO. E(t& &l&tro#o #& on(tru/0n (/+*l& o+o 3&+o( &nla 7/5ura )., (& &(trutura on una barra #& obr& (u+&r5/#a &n una (olu/0n #& (ul7ato#& obr& (atura#a, 1u& ont/&n& r/(tal&( #& CuSO% *ara +ant&n&r la (atura/0n. Para&(tabl&&r &l ,'&*4,*' 19&1,' @*&r+/t/r &l *a(o #& lo( /on&( ! #& &(ta +an&ra laorr/&nt& (/n au(ar la onta+/na/0n /n#/r&ta (/5n/7/ant&, (& &+*l&a un ta*0n #&+a#&ra @#& */no o &1u/3al&nt&, &l ual #&b& /r oloa#o &n uno #& lo( &;tr&+o( #& untubo #& 3/#r/o #& a*ro;/+. $K + #& lon5/tu#, &l ual ont&n#r: &l CuSO % ! &l Cu. En&l otro &;tr&+o #&b&r: /r una ub/&rta #&l +/(+o +at&r/al, #& *r&7&r&n/a ro(a#a, 1u& *&r+/t/r: la (al/#a #&l abl& #& ontato &l8tr/o.

El *ot&n/al #& &l&tro#o (& &(t/+a *or +/o #& la E. #& N&rn(t, on(/#&ran#o &l&1u/l/br/o #& un (/(t&+a +&tal/0n +&t:l/o &n (olu/0n @CuWCu$, &( #&/r

XXXX @$


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HIERROLa on&ntra/0n no+/nal #& una (olu/0n (atura#a #& CuSO% a $F WC, &( #& ).KF M(/&n#o (u o&7//&nt& #& at/3/#a# K.KH% *or tanto, #a#o 1u& &l *ot&n/al (tan#ar# *ara&l (/(t&+a &( #& K.H 3, t&n&+o(

EVCu$CuW K.$ 3

! lo( 3alor&( &;*&r/+&ntal&( r&*orta#o( o(/lan &ntr& K.KK ! K.) "Su u(o *r/n/*al (& #a &n la( +/#a( &n &l a+*o< *ara lo 1u& &l &l&tro#o #&b&(&r r&(/(t&nt& al 9o1u& ! #on#& (u u(ual ta+a=o 5ran#& ru& al +2n/+o lo( &rror&(#& *olar/4a/0n.

La *r&/(/0n #& &(t& &l&tro#o &( a#&ua#a *ara la +a!or *art& #& la( +/#a( #&orro(/0n &n a+*o, aun1u& &(ta al5o *or #&ba>o #& la 1u& (& obt/&n& on &l&tro#o( #&alo+&lano( o #& loruro #& *lata, +:( *ro*/o( #& u(o &n &l laborator/o.

F17+-4 !#?: .8+.;4 (./ ./.,*-'(' (. C+C+SO

Lo( &l&tro#o( #& A5 A5Cl (on ut/l/4a#o( 5&n&ral+&nt& *ara la +//0n #& *ot&n/al&( &n a5ua #& +ar ! #&l a&ro &+b&b/#o &n onr&to onta+/na#o onloruro(.

T46/4 !#!# P'*.&,14/.8 (. /'8 ./.,*-'('8 (. -..-.&,14#

E/.,*-'(' E/.,*-'/1*'P'*.&,14/3V

Calo+&l @SCESatura#oQCl

K.$%$K

PlataCloruro #& Plata

@SSC

A5ua #&

+ar

K.$F a*ro;.

Cobr& Sul7ato #& obr&@CSE

A5ua #&+ar

K.K a*ro;.

Z/nA5ua #&+ar

K.H a*ro;.

E S.-1. E/.,*-'+;1,4


14/34

La (&r/& &l&tro1u2+/a (& r&al/4a +/#/&n#o &l *ot&n/al #& lo( +&tal&( r&(*&to al&l&tro#o #& r&7&r&n/a #& 9/#r05&no. La (&r/& &l&tro1u2+/a to+a (0lo &n u&ntaa1u&llo( &1u/l/br/o( &l&tro1u2+/o( 1u& /n3oluran a lo( +&tal&( ! a (u( at/on&((/+*l&(, o (&a *ara r&a/on&( 1u& (0lo #&*&n#&n #&l *ot&n/al.Para obt&n&r /n7or+a/0n t&r+o#/n:+/a #& orro(/0n +:( o+*l&ta, a#&+:( #& la

(&r/& &l&tro1u2+/a (& *u& r&urr/r a la (&r/& 5al3:n/a ! a lo( #/a5ra+a( #&Pourba/;.

T46/4 !#2# S.-1. E/.,*-'+;1,4 (. /'8 ;.*4/.8#


15/34

F S.-1. G4/


16/34


17/34

D& au&r#o a la Int&rnat/onal 'n/on 7or Pur& an# A**l/ C9&+/(tr! @I'PAC, lo(+&tal&( Nobl&( (on lo( 1u& t/&n&n un *ot&n/al +:( *o(/t/3o ! *or lo tanto (u7r&n un+2n/+o #& orro(/0n, +/&ntra( 1u& lo +&tal&( At/3o( (on lo( 1u& t/&n&n un *ot&n/al +:( n&5at/3o @&n o+*ara/0n on lo( +&tal&( nobl&( ! lo( 1u& (& orro&n+:( 7:/l+&nt&.


18/34

F17+-4 !## E+1


19/34

El +&tal at/3o &( un +&tal #&(nu#o, (/n *&l2ula *rot&tora. El &(ta#o at/3o &(t:a(o/a#o on un *ot&n/al +:( n&5at/3o 1u& &l orr&(*on#/&nt& a un &(ta#o *a(/3o.

$#K# POLARIACIONE( /nt&r8( *r/+or#/al #&l /n5&n/&ro, &l ono&r la 3&lo/#a# a la ual (& #&(arrollan la(

r&a/on&( at0#/a( ! an0#/a( 1u& *u& (&r #&t&r+/na#a *or 3ar/o( +8to#o( 72(/o(! 1u2+/o(.Cuan#o un +&tal &(ta &n &1u/l/br/o on una (olu/0n ont&n/&n#o (u( *ro*/o( /on&(, &nau(&n/a #& r&a/on&( 1u& /nt&r7/&r&n, &l +&tal t&n#r2a un *ot&n/al EV, #a#o *or la&ua/0n #& N&r(t.S/ (& 9a& /rular una orr/&nt& *or #/9o &l&tro#o, &l *ot&n/al 3ar/ar: ! &l nu&3o3alor #&l *ot&n/al E #&*&n#&r: #& la orr/&nt&. La #/7&r&n/a &ntr& a+bo( *ot&n/al&((& ono& o+o (obr&*ot&n/al @n[.

\[ E EV XXXXXXX @$H

En una &l#a 5al3:n/a o #& orro(/0n *u& ourr/r 1u& &l *ot&n/al no &( /5ual al *ot&n/al r&3&r(/bl& t&r+o#/n:+/o #& a#a &l&tro#o, (/no 1u& *or &7&to #&l *ro&(o#& orro(/0n (& +/#& &l *ot&n/al #& orro(/0n l/br&, Eorr, &(t& *ot&n/al ta+b/8n 3ar2a(/ (& 9a& /rular una orr/&nt& *or &l &l&tro#o, &(ta 3ar/a/0n &( ono/#a o+o *olar/4a/0n 1u& (& #&(/5na on \. La *olar/4a/0n &( un *ar:+&tro +u! 6t/l 1u&7a/l/ta &l :lulo #& la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n.Cuando una reacción electroquímica se retarda, se dice que esta polarizada y hay

tres tipos diferentes de polarización que son: polarización por activación,

polarización por concentración y polarización por resistencia.

La '/4-14,19& '- 4,*1&+*lo, la 3&lo/#a# a laual lo( /on&( 9/#r05&no (& ru&n a 5a( 9/#r05&no.La *olar/4a/0n *or at/3a/0n, &( 7un/0n #& 3ar/o( 7ator&( 1u& /nlu!&n la 3&lo/#a##& tran(*ort& #&l &l&tr0n al /0n 9/#r05&no &n la (u*&r7//& +&t:l/a, 1u& natural+&nt&&( /n9&r&nt& #& un +&tal &n &(*&/al ! #&*&n#& #& la on&ntra/0n #& /on&( 9/#r05&no! #& la t&+*&ratura #&l (/(t&+a, *or lo 1u& la 3&lo/#a# #& #&(*r&n#/+/&nto #&l9/#r05&no &( +u! #/7&r&nt& *ara a#a +&tal.

En la /5ura ). la( &ta*a( #& la ru/0n #&l 9/#r05&no (on). El /0n ? (& a#(orb& &n la (u*&r7//& +&t:l/a.$. lu>o #& &l&tron&( a lo( /on&( #& 9/#r05&no.. or+a/0n #& 9/#r05&no at0+/o.%. or+a/0n #& +ol8ula( #& 9/#r05&no.F. or+a/0n #& burbu>a( #& 9/#r05&no 1u& (& l/b&ran &n la (u*&r7//& #&l 4/n.


20/34

F17+-4 !## R.4,,19& (. .a, (& *u& 3&r 1u& la r&5/0n &rana a la (u*&r7//& +&t:l/a (& a5ota&n (u( /on&( 9/#r05&no *u&(to 1u& (on on(u+/#o( &n la r&a/0n 1u2+/a. Ba>o &(ta(on#//on&(, la r&a/0n &( ontrola#a *or la 3&lo/#a# #& #/7u(/0n #& lo( /on&(9/#r05&no a la (u*&r7//& +&t:l/a.

F17+-4 !#!# P'/4-14,19& '- ,'&,.&*-4,19& (+-4&*. /4 -.(+,,19& ,4*9(1,4 (.1'&.8 1(-97.&'#

La *olar/4a/0n *or at/3a/0n &( 5&n&ral+&nt& &l 7ator 1u& ontrola la orro(/0n &n:/#o( 7u&rt&(, +/&ntra( 1u& la *olar/4a/0n *or on&ntra/0n *ro+/na uan#o laon&ntra/0n #& la( &(*&/&( at/3a( &( ba>a, *or &>&+*lo, &n :/#o( #/lu/#o( o &n(olu/on&( (al/na( ! a5ua on o;25&no, !a 1u& la (olub/l/#a# #&l o;25&no &( +u! ba>a&n (olu/on&( auo(a( ! &n a5ua.

A#&+:( #& lo( #o( t/*o( #& *olar/4a/0n +&n/ona#o( ant&r/or+&nt& &;/(t& un t&r&r

t/*o #& *olar/4a/0n, la '/4-14,19& '- -.818*.&,14, &(t& (& or/5/na *or la r&(/(t&n/a1u& o7r&& &l &l&trol/to al 7lu>o #& orr/&nt&. E(t& 7lu>o #&*&n#& #&l n6+&ro #& /on&(#/(*on/bl&( *ara &l tran(*ort& #& ar5a ! #& (u 9ab/l/#a# *ara +o3&r(& r:*/#a+&nt& &nla (olu/0n.La *r&(&n/a #& a*a( #& *ro#uto( #& orro(/0n *oo on#utor&(, 1u& r&ubr&n &l+&tal oa(/ona un au+&nto #& la *olar/4a/0n *or r&(/(t&n/a.


21/34

El ono/+/&nto #&l t/*o #& *olar/4a/0n 1u& (& *r&(&nta &( +u! 6t/l !a 1u& *&r+/t& *r&/r la( arat&r2(t/a( #&l (/(t&+a orro(/3o, *or &>&+*lo, &nton&( ual1u/&r /nr&+&nto &n la 3&lo/#a# #& #/7u(/0n #& la( &(*&/&( at/3a( o+o ? #&b&r:/nr&+&ntar la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n ! &n un (/(t&+a #& &(ta natural&4a, la a5/ta/0n#&l l21u/#o t/&n#& a /nr&+&ntar la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #&l +&tal. Por otra *art&, (/

la r&a/0n at0#/a (& ontrola *or *olar/4a/0n *or at/3a/0n, &nton&( la a5/ta/0nno t&n#r: n/n56n &7&to &n la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n, lo ual on7/r+a 1u& &lono/+/&nto #&l t/*o #& *olar/4a/0n *r&(&nt& *&r+/t& 9a&r *r//on&( +u! 6t/l&(on&rn/&nt&( al &7&to r&lat/3o 1u& (obr& la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n *u& (&r *ro#u/#a *or &l au+&nto #& 3&lo/#a# #& 7lu>o #& un l21u/#o &n una tub&r2a, *or &>&+*lo.

$#K#!# TEORIA DEL POTENCIAL MITOE(ta t&or2a #a bu&na( &;*l/a/on&( *ara +u9o( *robl&+a( #& orro(/0n, ! *u&a!u#ar a (olu/onar al5uno( a(o( #& 7alla. A(2 ta+b/8n *ro3&& un +/o r:*/#o #&

+/#a #& la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #& +&tal&( ! al&a/on&( &n +/o( l21u/#o(&(*&27/o(, obt&n/8n#o(& r&(ulta#o( &n *oa( 9ora( @o +&no(, +/&ntra( 1u& +8to#o(r&la/ona#o( on la *&r#/#a #& *&(o r&1u/&r&n #2a( ! +&(&( *ara *ro*or/onar una/n7or+a/0n (/+/lar.La t&or2a #& *ot&n/al&( +/;to( no (olo t/&n& una ut/l/#a# l/+/ta#a a la orro(/0n, (/no1u& ta+b/8n /nt&r&(a &n la +&talur5/a &;trat/3a< *ara #/(ut/r *robl&+a( &n la&l&tro#&*o(//0n #&l 4/n.

$#K#!#!# E/ E/.,*-'(' M1*''n &l&tro#o +/;to &( &l r&(ulta#o #& #o( r&a/on&( &l&tro1u2+/a( ourr/&n#o

(/+ult:n&a+&nt& &n una /nt&r7a(& +&tal &l&trol/to. La orro(/0n &( un &>&+*lo *r:t/o #& tal *ro&(o.

$#K#!#2# P'*.&,14/ M1*'

C+-


22/34

E corr

E J!

E8 c't3

E8 'nod3

iB c't3

iB 'nod3

Re2i4n de T')el

R'%' c't4dic'

R'%' 'n4dic'

i corr lo2 i! AKc%"!

*r:t/a, una ur3a #& *olar/4a/0n &+*/&4a a (&r l/n&al a*ro;/+a#a+&nt& a FK +" #&l *ot&n/al #& orro(/0n.En onlu(/0n *ara +/r la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n @/ orr la r&5/0n #& Ta7&l (& &;tra*ola9a(ta ortar la l2n&a #& *ot&n/al #& orro(/0n @Eorr .A(/+/(+o, *rolon5an#o a6n +:( la l2n&a &;tra*ola#a, 9a(ta &l *ot&n/al &(t:n#ar #& la

r&a/0n, (& *o#r2a +/r (u #&n(/#a# #& orr/&nt& #& /nt&ra+b/o @/ K. $U

F17+-4 !#!!# C+-


23/34

F17+-4 !#!2# D147-4;4 (. E


24/34

F17+-4# !#!$# D147-4;4 (. '*.&,14/ ;1*' 4-4 ./ 1.--' .& +&4 8'/+,19& ),1(4#

$#K#!#$# C1&0*1,4 (. /48 R.4,,1'&.8 (. C'--'819&'na o(a &( (ab&r 1u& la orro(/0n *u& ourr/r on un on(&u&nt& a+b/o #&&n&r52a l/br&. P&ro lo 1u& &( #& +a!or /nt&r8( *ara &l /n5&n/&ro &n orro(/0n &( (ab&r 1u& tan r:*/#o ourr& &(t& ata1u&.Lo( (/(t&+a( #& orro(/0n (on (/(t&+a( #& no &1u/l/br/o, ! a(2 lo( *ot&n/al&(t&r+o#/n:+/o( no *ro*or/onan /n7or+a/0n (obr& la 3&lo/#a# #& la( r&a/on&( #&orro(/0n.La ant/#a# #& +&tal un/7or+&+&nt& orro2#o #& un :no#o &n una (olu/0n auo(a#urant& un *&r/o#o #a#o *u& #&t&r+/nar(& *or la &ua/0n #& ara#a!


25/34

XXXXXXXX.. @$

Don#&^ +a(a &n 5ra+o( #&l +&tal 1u& (& orro&t t/&+*o &n (&5un#o(A *&(o at0+/o #&l +&tal &n 5 +oln &l&tron&( tran(7&r/#o( &n &l *ro&(oI /nt&n(/#a# #& orr/&nt& &n a+*&r/o( on(tant& #& ara#a! FKK C+ol o FKK A(+ol

Al5una( 3&&(, la orro(/0n auo(a un/7or+& #& un +&tal (& &;*r&(a &n t8r+/no( #&#&n(/#a# #& orr/&nt& /, 1u& (& (u&l& &;*r&(ar &n un/#a#&( #& a+*&r/o(+$.Su(t/tu!&n#o I *or /, la E. $ (& on3/&rt& &n

.XXXXXXXXX @KDon#& / I S.S &( &l :r&a &n +$.

El r&(to #& la( +a5n/tu#&( (on la( +/(+a( 1u& la( r&la/ona#a( *ara la &ua/0n$.Por lo tanto (/ 1u&r&+o( +/r la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #& un +&tal (u+&r5/#o &n una(olu/0n (ola+&nt& t&n#r&+o( 1u& +/r (u *8r#/#a #& *&(o #urant& &l t/&+*o #& la

*ru&ba &;*&r/+&ntal, !a 1u& lo( #&+:( t8r+/no( #& la &ua/0n (& ono&n. S& &;*r&(ala 3&lo/#a# &n +## o (u( &1u/3al&nt&( +*! o ta+b/8n tra4ar la( ur3a( #& *olar/4a/0n! &n ba(& a lo( +8to#o( #& &;tra*ola/0n #& Ta7&l o R&(/(t&n/a l/n&al< &;*r&(:n#o(& la3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n &n +A+$ o (u( &1u/3al&nt&(.


26/34

IV# MATERIALES E INSTRUMENTOS

EQUIPOS MATERIALES REACTIVOSINSTRUMENTOS

NOMBRE PRECISIÓNPOTENCIOSTATOMo#&lo

PGZ )KKMara "oltaLabSo7t_ar& "oltaMa(t&r %

A&ro #& ba>oarbono

A5ua #&(t/la#a@KK +l

"&rn/&r K.K) ++

P/(tola #& (ol#ar &(ta=o

Sol#a#ura #&&(ta=o

Ala+br& #& obr&Sol#/+/;

Cloruro #&(o#/o @)K.F 5r

"a(o #& *r&/*/ta/0n

'na PCE(*atul/llaL/>a( @K, )$K, $%K,

%KK, KK, KK !)KKK


27/34

V# PROCEDIMIENTO EPERIMENTAL

Pr/+&ro, orta+o( una *rob&ta /rular #& a&ro #& ba>o arbono on a*ro;. ).F + $,

#& #/:+&tro ! ) + #& altura @lo 9//&ron &n torno #& TACORITA, &l o*&rar/o to+a la *rob&ta #& a&ro 1u& ll&3a+o( la olo0 &n &l torno ! lu&5o &+*&40 a ortar, *&ro (&#/o u&nta 1u& la( #/+&n(/on&( &ran +u! *&1u&=a( ! 1u& la u9/lla (olo arranaba+at&r/al ! no lo ortaba, tu3/+o( 1u& /r a otro lu5ar< !a &n &l otro lu5ar lo ortaron &nun torno +:( *&1u&=o ! on una u9/lla +:( 7/na< lu&5o lo un/+o( a un +&tal #&obr& on#utor on la a!u#a #& (ol#a#ura #& &(ta=o ! una */(tola< lu&5o on (ol#/+/;r&ubr/+o( la (u*&r7//& tra(&ra #&la *rob&ta, &n(&5u/#a *roba+o( on un +ult/t8(t&r 1u& 9a!a ont/nu/#a# &ntr& &l ala+br& #& obr& ! &l a&ro< lu&5o l/>a+o( (u (u*&r7//&on l/>a( @K, )$K, $%K, %KK, KK, KK ! )KKK

D&(*u8( *r&*ara+o( &l +/o &l&trol/to #& Cloruro #& (o#/o al .F `.

'na 3&4 *r&*ara#a la (olu/0n ! la *rob&ta, (& *ro& a /n(talar &l *ot&n/o(tato ! la

&l#a &l&tro1u2+/a, lo( ual&( a (u 3&4 &(t:n on&ta#o( a una o+*uta#ora on &lSo7t_ar& "oltaMa(t&r %.

Lu&5o /n//a+o( &l *ro5ra+a &n la o+*uta#ora ! (&5u/+o( lo( *a(o(, *&ro

*r&3/a+&nt& n&&(/ta+o( lo( #ato( #&l &l&tro#o @#&n(/#a#, *&(o at0+/o, :r&a, t/*o #&+at&r/al, *ara *o#&r /n5r&(arlo( &n &l *ro5ra+a.

). Dato( In//al&( $.Dato( #& la C&l#a . E#/tar S&u&n/a

• O*&ra#or • &9a

• T/*o #& &n(a!o• El&tro#o(

• El&tro#o #& R&7&r&n/a Calo+&l(atura#o

• El&tro#o #& Traba>o A&ro #& ba>oarbono

• El&tro#o Au;/l/ar Plat/no@Ár&a

Corro(/0n *or *olar/4a/0n

El *ro/+/&nto #& /n5r&(o #& #ato(, &( &l (/5u/&nt& Abr/r la a*l/a/0n "oltaMa(t&r %. Cr&ar una nu&3a (&u&n/a 9a/&n#o l/ &n la o*/0n F1/. #& la barra #& +&n6 !

lu&5o (&l&/onan#o N. 8.+.&,.#


28/34

A ont/nua/0n, (& abr/r: la 3&ntana Laborarot! lo5boo, (ol//t:n#ono( &n la 7/9aLo5boo, lo( #ato( r&7&r&nt&( al &;*&r/+&nto o+o o*&ra#or, &l&tro#o( a u(ar &n la&l#a, o+&ntar/o(, &t. R&ll&na+o( lo( #ato( tal o+o (& +u&(tra a ont/nua/0n

En la +/(+a 3&ntana Laborator! lo5boo, (&l&/ona+o( la 7/9a In/t/al #ata. En la 7/9a In/t/al #ata (& #&b&n r&ll&nar lo( a+*o( on &(*&/7/a/on&( o+o

T/tulo #& la ur3a, +/o &l&tro1u2+/o #& la &l#a, &t.

'na 3&4 9&9o &(to, 3ol3&+o( a la 7/9a Lo5boo.

A ont/nua/0n, (& #&b&n on7/5urar lo( *ar:+&tro( #& la &l#a. Para &(to 9a&+o( l/&n &l +&n6 S&tt/n5( ! (&5u/#a+&nt& &n la o*/0n C&ll (&tu*.

A*ar&&r: la 3&ntana #&(*l&5abl& C&ll (&tu* @+/rar 7/5ura #& aba>o, #on#&#&b&+o( a>u(tar lo( *ar:+&tro( #& la &l#a, (&56n lo( &l&tro#o( 1u& 3a+o( a u(ar.

E(1*4- 8.,+.&,14

Po(t&r/or+&nt&, /ta+o( la (&u&n/a r&a#a 9a/&n#o l/ &n S&1u&n& &n la barra#& +&n6 ! lu&5o &n S&1u&n& E#/t/on. Ta+b/8n *o#&+o( 9a&r l/ #/r&ta+&nt& &n &l

/ono (&1u&n& o+o *o#&+o( 3&r a ont/nua/0n


29/34

A ont/nua/0n, (& abr/r: la 3&ntana #&(*l&5abl& S&1u&n& /t/on, (&l&/ona+o( !a#//ona+o( lo( +8to#o( ) O*&n C/ru/t Pot&nt/al ! $ Polar/(at/on 7or orro(/on @Ta7&l,lu&5o /ta+o( a#a uno #& &llo(.

). O*&n C/ru/t Pot&nt/a.

$. Polar/(at/on 7or orro(/on @Ta7&l

. S&l&/ona+o( la (&u&n/a a#//ona#a ! 9a&+o( l/ &n &l bot0n E#/t.


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%. S& abr/r: la (/5u/&nt& 3&ntana #&(*l&5abl& Polar/(at/on 7or orro(/on @Ta7&l.A1u2 r&ll&na+o( lo( #ato( o+o (& +u&(tran a ont/nua/0n.

F. El t/&+*o #& &(*&ra o _a/t/n5 t/+&, orr&(*on#& al t/&+*o &n 1u& (& +/r: &lOCP #& la &l#a.

. S&5u/#a+&nt& *r&(/ona+o( O ! otra 3&4 O &n la 3&ntana S&1u&n& /t/on.H. /nal+&nt&, 9a&+o( l/ &n la barra #& +&n6 /l& ! #&(*u8( (&l&/ona+o(

Sa3& *ara 5uar#ar &l ar9/3o on lo( *ar:+&tro( !a &(tabl&/#o(.. 'na 3&4 &(tabl&/#o( lo( *ar:+&tro( #& *olar/4a/0n, &+*&4a+o( 9a/&n#o l/

&n &l /ono #& olor 3&r#& @Start o *r&(/onan#o F.


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VII# CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES

#!# CONCLUSIONES:

Pr&*ara+o( *rob&ta( *ara &l &n(a!o #& orro(/0n &l&tro1u2+/a @#&(#& &l ort& !

torn&a#o, 9a(ta &l ao*l& ! *ul/#o Int&r*r&ta+o( la( ur3a( #& *olar/4a/0n (&56n Ta7&l. E(t/+a+o( la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #&l & ! r&*orta+o( (u *ot&n/al #& orro(/0n.

P'*.&,14/ (. ,'--'819& /16-. E 3i FK. +"

V./',1(4( (. ,'--'819& i ,'--#

%.K$ µA/cm

K.KK%K$ mA/cm

K.%K$ mA/dm

FF.H µm/a!o

)$KF.% mdd $.) mpy

%%.H gr/m .a!o

#2# RECOMENDACIONES

't/l/4ar *rob&ta( #& #/7&r&nt&( +&tal&( ! o+*arar (u( 3&lo/#a#&( #& orro(/0n #&

au&r#o a lo( &l&tro#o( #& r&7&r&n/a u(a#o. T&n&r la( *rob&ta( b/&n *ul/#a(. R&al/4ar &l &n(a!o a la +/(+a *rob&ta *ara #/7&r&nt&( t/&+*o( ! &;*l/ar &l a+b/o

&n la( *&n#/&nt&( #& la( ur3a( #& *olar/4a/0n.


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VIII# BIBLIOGRAFIA!# Gal3&l&, R. Jo(8. @)F. Pro&(o( #& Corro(/0n. In(t/tuto #& T&nolo52a

'n/3&r(/#a# na/onal #& G&n&ral San Mart2n. Ar5&nt/na. Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr&#&l $K)$.

2# ran/a R., Y:ono L. Mat&r/al&( La Corro(/0n, (u Tra#//0n ! Alan&( on l/n&U

D/(*on/bl& &n 9tt*___. laorro(/on! (u(alan&(. *#7 on(ultaU >ul/o $KK.Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l $K)$.$# Prot&/0n Cat0#/a &n In(tala/on&( El8tr/a( on l/n&U. D/(*on/bl& &n

9tt*___.&l&tr/a.7rro.utn.u.ar/&$l&tura(artK%H on(ultaU Con(ulta#a &l $ #&otubr& #&l $K)$.

# ?&rn:n#&4 Y., Tr&3/=o M. @$KK Co+*orta+/&nto #& La Con#ut/3/#a# El8tr/a#&l Co1u& M&tal6r5/o *ara (u A*l/a/0n &n S/(t&+a( #& Prot&/0n Contra laCorro(/0n Gru*o Int&r#/(/*l/nar/o & Int&r/n(t/tu/onal #& Carbon&( ! Carbo1u2+/a.E(u&la #& In5&n/&r2a M&tal6r5/a, 'n/3&r(/#a# Pa505/a ! T&nol05/a #&Colo+b/a. Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l $K)$.

5# Ar83alo C.< D&l Mar C. @$KKH In7lu&n/a #& la #&n(/#a# #& orr/&nt& &n &l *ot&n/al#& *rot&/0n ! la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #& la 7un#//0n 5r/( SAE G$FKK *rot&5/#aat0#/a+&nt& on orr/&nt& ont/nua (u+&r5/#a &n una (olu/0n al .F ` #& loruro#& (o#/o. T&(/( *ara o*tar &l t2tulo #& In5&n/&ro M&talur5/(ta aulta# #& In5&n/&r2a.'n/3&r(/#a# Na/onal #& Tru>/llo. Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l $K)$.

?# Ca!oto*a L. ! Sal/rro(a( M. C:r#&na(, D. $KK. In7lu&n/a #& la #&n(/#a# #&orr/&nt& a*l/a#a (obr& la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #&l a&ro ASTM A, lat0n HKK !alu+/n/o ))KK, *rot&5/#o( at0#/a+&nt& on orr/&nt& ont/nua, (u+&r5/#o( &n una(olu/0n al .F ` #& loruro #& (o#/o. T&(/( *ara o*tar &l t2tulo #& In5&n/&ro #&Mat&r/al&( aulta# #& In5&n/&r2a. 'n/3&r(/#a# Na/onal #& Tru>/llo. P&r6.Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l $K)$.

# R&!na, C. Ro#r25u&4, P. C:r#&na(, D. $KKF. In7lu&n/a #&l &(*&(or, t/*o #&

5al3an/4a#o ! +/o orro(/3o (obr& la r&(/(t&n/a a la orro(/0n #&l a&ro SAE )K$K5al3an/4a#o. T&(/( *ara o*tar &l t2tulo #& In5&n/&ro #& Mat&r/al&( aulta# #&In5&n/&r2a. 'n/3&r(/#a# Na/onal #& Tru>/llo. P&r6. Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l$K)$.

K# Boan&5ra, A. San#o3al, O. C:r#&na(, D. $KKF. In7lu&n/a #&l t/*o #& +at&r/al(ar/7//al ! (u :r&a &;*u&(ta, (obr& la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #&l a&ro ASTM A *rot&5/#o at0#/a+&nt& uan#o &(ta &nt&rra#o &n (u&lo( 7rano ar&no(o(. T&(/( *arao*tar &l t2tulo #& In5&n/&ro #& Mat&r/al&( aulta# #& In5&n/&r2a. 'n/3&r(/#a# Na/onal #& Tru>/llo. P&r6. Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l $K)$.

# C9a3arr/, E. C:r#&na(, D. $KK. In7lu&n/a #& la #&n(/#a# #& orr/&nt& ! &l &(*&(or #& */ntura &*0;/aAl1u/tr:n #& 9ulla, (obr& la 3&lo/#a# #& orro(/0n #&l a&ro alarbono ASTM AF 5ra#o B, *rot&5/#o at0#/a+&nt& on orr/&nt& ont/nua,uan#o &(ta &nt&rra#o &n (u&lo #& la C/u#a# 'n/3&r(/tar/a #& la 'NT. T&(/( *arao*tar &l t/tulo #& In5&n/&ro M&:n/o aulta# #& In5&n/&r2a. 'n/3&r(/#a# Na/onal#& Tru>/llo. P&r6. Con(ulta#a &l $ #& otubr& #&l $K)$.

http://www.electrica.frro.utn.edu.ar/ie2/lecturas/art047http://www.electrica.frro.utn.edu.ar/ie2/lecturas/art047


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