9/17/2014

1

Sanjay Goyal

Daikin Air conditioning India Pvt. Ltd.

September 5, 2013

Green Building Congress 2014

Latest developments in VRV

Technology

1 2

What About Efficiency?

Typical energy consumption in office building

Air Conditioning 47

%

Comp.

20%

Heat

transfer

27.2%

Other utilities

20.5%

Lighting

32.3%

AC consumption reduction is

prime target of energy

saving

47% of electricity is

consumed by AC

How does it possible to achieve energy saving and

comfort simultaneously?

Energy saving Comfort

This is the time to increase our efforts towards

• Strengthen Green Building Movement

• More energy efficient methods of operations

• High energy efficient products

• Habit of Energy Conservation

• Best utilization of available Energy Resources.

We are pioneering the movement with a large array of

energy efficient products

Central Controller

Project Name

Location

BLD. Type

Size of Project

The Size of Bldg

Uniqueness

CRISIL House

Mumbai, India

Official Building

9 Floors

ODU - 73 No., HP – 1,092

VRVIII (Air Cooled)

I-Manager

• Green building project =>

With Platinum rating

• Design by Team of

leading Architectural and

HVAC Consultancy

organisations.

LEED certified Platinum rating

Air-cooled VRV Project with LEED Platinum Certification

4

Water-cooled VRV Project with LEED Platinum Certification

LEED certified Platinum rating

Project Name

Location

BLD. Type

Size of Project

Central Controller

The Size of Bldg

Uniqueness

Suzlon

Pune, India

Official Building

8 – Blocks, 32 Floor

ODU - 134 No., HP – 1,392

VRVIII ( WC)

I-Manager & BACnet

• Green building project =>

Highest Platinum rated

building in India

• Appreciation letter from

customer for installation

and project management

5

LEED Platinum Certification

Kirloskar Brother Limited

Pune, India

Official Building

ODU - 69 No., HP– 704

• Green building project =>

Platinum rated building

• 1st Reference Site of VRV – WIII

• Awarded appreciation letter by

customer

G+ 3 Floor

Project Name

Location

BLD. Type

Aircond. Q’ty

Application

The Size of Bldg

LEED certified Platinum rating

9/17/2014

2

Discussion Topics

7

Energy & Atmosphere

- Efficiency of the system

- Environment friendly Refrigerant

Clean Project Management

- IAQ management plan

- Indoor environmental quality

Emerging Space conditioning technology;

Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV)

VRV Development

8

9

Background of Development of VRV

1973 – Global oil crises (The 4th Arab-Israel War )

1979 – New energy efficiency laws passes in Japan

1980 – Chiller design engineers challenged with

making a higher efficiency chiller

1982 – The worlds first VRV System is launched

1974 1973

Cru

de

oil p

ric

e

Oil crisis

Energy saving

9

The 1st turning point

Inverter VRV!

Its design flexibility expanded sales volume

drastically.

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

1998 1999 1990 1991

The 1st generation Inverter VRV G series

Non-inverter

VRV

Inverter VRV

Turning

Point 10

Technology Advancement

11

Standard compressors to variable speed scroll compressors

Direct driven outdoor fans to variable frequency drive,

inverter-driven fans

Direct driven indoor coil motors to Inverter type motors

Performance difference between

1982 and 2012 model

1982 2014 Energy Efficiency (COP) <10HP> 2.78 4.30

Max. refrigerant piping length

difference between indoor &

outdoor unit 70m 165m

Max. refrigerant piping height

difference between indoor &

outdoor unit 30m 90m

Capacity range – Outdoor unit 10，15HP 4~60HP

Capacity range – Indoor unit 2.5HP 0.8~20HP

Max. connectable indoor unit’s

number 6 units 64 units

Network control system None

-Intelligent touch Controller

- Intelligent Manager

- Intelligent touch Manager (~2012)

- BACNet interface

- LonWorks Interface

- Home Automation Interface (2012~)

- A/C Network Service System

Target project size Approx. 5,000m2 No limit

12

9/17/2014

3

Expansion of the country of sale

Sales is undergoing in more than 70 countries

Austria Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Finland France Germany Greece

Serbia Slovakia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey UK Ukraine

Hungary Ireland Italy Lithuania Macedonia Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Russia

Algeria Burkina Faso Egypt Ivory Coast Senegal South Africa Sudan

Bahrain Jordan Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia UAE

China Japan Korea Taiwan

Cambodia Malaysia Myanmar Philippine Singapore Thailand Vietnam

India Maldives Nepal Seychelles Sri Lanka

Australia Fiji New Caledonia New Zealand Tahiti

Canada Mexico Puerto Rico USA

Argentina Brazil Panama Peru

13

x 25!

Growth path experienced in all key VRV

markets

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33

1. Tipping Point

2. High

Growth

3. Steady

Growth

Years after introduction

Japan

Australia

S. Korea

Singapore

Europe

14

Energy: Efficiency of the system

15

VRV Architecture

16

Outdoor Unit

Indoor Units

•Independent control of

each room and zone’s air

conditioning according to

thermal load.

•Automatic control of

each indoor unit

•Energy conservation.

Variable Refrigerant Volume

Groundbreaking technology applied

to VRV

Compressor – Variable speed inverter compressor

– Scroll compressor with relief mechanism

– Reluctance DC motor (IPM（Inner Permanent Magnet) synchronous motor)

– Neodymium magnet

– Sensor-less DC inverter

– Sign wave inverter

Heat exchanger – Sub cool circuit for longer piping

– e-Pass cooling pipe location

Control system – Hi-speed DIII protocol

– Intelligent-Manager, Intelligent-touch-Controller、Intelligent-touch-Manager

– BACNet Interface, LONWorks Interface

– A/C Network Service System (AIRNET, Energy Saving AIRNET) 17

Reluctance

DC Motor

Scroll Type

Reluctance

Scroll Type

0.1

1

10

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

エンタルピ[ｋJ/kg]

圧力[MPa]

R410A

-10℃0℃ 10℃ 20℃ 30℃ 40℃ 50℃ 60℃ 70℃80℃90℃100℃

-20℃

-30℃

110℃120℃

⇒ Energy saving is achieved by: - Lowering condensing temperature

- Increasing evaporating temperature

Output current after correction

Sine-wave DCInverter

Standard Inverter

Former Fan model Aero Spiral Fan

Hig

h T

em

p. g

as

D.I.S.O. Circuit To compensate refrigerant flow velocity

reduction caused by gas condensation, 2

passes are combined into 1 restricted to 1.

Heat exchange efficiency 11% UP

Heat exchanger

Aero Spiral Fan

Fan

Compresso

r

Essential technologies

Liq

uid

refr

igera

nt

Enthalpy (Kcal/kg)

Pre

ss

ure

(MP

a)

18

9/17/2014

4

System Parts with built-in Inverters

The motor of the compressor, the heart of an

air conditioner, consumes most power.

Ｍ

PCB

Ｍ

Ｍ

INV

INV

INV

Ｍ

INV

PCB

PCB

Outdoor unit

INV Inverter device

Compressor motor

Fan motor

Indoor unit fan motor

Air

Air Air

Electronic

expansion

valve motor

19

T1 = Refrigerant IN temp.

T2 = Refrigerant OUT temp.

T3 = Return air temp.

T4 = Set temp. of RC

According to the readings of 4 sensers, every 5 sec., CUP calculates optimum

capacity and adjusting EEV in PID (Propotional Integral & Derivative) action.

PID control ensures optimum comfort.

Suction

Dis

ch

arg

e

Liquid

Gas

Electronic

expansion valve

Evap

ora

tor

T4

T1

T3

Fan

T2

CPU

RC

1 2 3 4

Condensing unit adjust the inverter

compressor to provide the required capacity

(Low or High)

Each indoor controls its capacity via

PID control and an E.E.V.

INDEPENDENT

BRAIN

System Capacity Control

20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46

Quick and efficient traceability for the load fluctuation

Quick capacity adjustment for changing load

Adjusting refrigerant flow

Partial load Performance

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Daily occupancy ratio Yearly Cooling hours

Design condition

Less than 10 hrs

In a year

Major operation

range : > 38C

Random

occupancy

Ambient Temperature (℃) Time

AC is selected for maximum load but operated under

fluctuating partial load almost all time

21

High Efficiency on Partial Load

22

COP

100%

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

7.0

20% 40% 60% 80%

Load Area

Cooling Load

Nominal COP *

* 8 HP

Cooling COP

Partial Load gives high efficiency , Most of the time building run on partial Loads

COP = Cooling capacity /Power Input

6.6

4.3

Operations as per building need

Precise Temperature Control

Consumes Energy as per cooling load

User benefit - User can save

energy by avoiding useless

operation

Individual Control

23

Inverter Technology

24

Stable temperature control by electronic expansion

valve and inverter compressor

30

25

20

15

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Min.

Ro

om

Te

mp

era

ture

Set Temp.

Time

Automatically adjusts compressor speed to meet load

Strives to run long periods at very low speeds

Reduce cyclic losses

Improve temperature controls

9/17/2014

5

Recent Development

25

VRT Control

26

Innovative New Technology !

VRT (Variable Refrigerant Temperature)

How can we achieve best performance in unstable

condition?

Targets Methods Results

Compressor

speed change Inverter

Ref. Volume

change

Evaporating

temp. change VRT

Comp. Work

change New!

Cooling load is always changing

VRT Control

27

Power consumption

Inverter

Reduction

Comp. Work (power consumption) reduction

Comp. Work

Comp. Work

VR

T

Ref. Temp.

TC (Cond. Temp.)

TE (Eva. Temp.)

50% 100% Ref. flow

Reduction

VRT Control

28

Because of smaller

high & low pressure

difference!

Reason – Higher efficiency at cooling

C

ap

acity

VRT

Conventional A/C

Re

f. E

va

. te

mp.

Load

Co

olin

g lo

ad

&

ca

pa

city

100%

25%

CO

P

Outdoor

Temp. 35℃ 30℃ 25℃ 20℃

VRT

Conventional A/C

High Efficiency Scroll compressor

30

2.4 times stronger !

20% higher

50% more

compression

volume

• A 50% thinner & 20% higher scroll blade, which is

realized by adapting newly developed material,

increases compression volume by 50%.

50% thinner

9/17/2014

6

Air net System: Energy Saving

31

I-Touch

Controller

Optimized

energy saving

setup

Operation

data

Customer Airnet Control Center

(ACC) Optimized

energy saving

setup

Remote

energy saving

tune-up

service

(paid contract)

Operation data

report

(via phone line)

17 Weather data

locations from India

Weather

Association

Forecast Data

Spot

forecast

System overview

I-Manager

or

This system tunes the air conditioner according to customer's outdoor

indoor location, operating conditions and day by day weather condition.

* Optional chargeable service

Environment

32

Water

2.6 watts/lb

25 watts/lb

Refrigerant

Air

0.14 watts/lb

VAV VWV VRV

Heat Transfer Media

Why Refrigerant? The commonly used methods of Heat Transfer in Air Conditioning solutions each

exercise different operational characteristics regards adding or removing heat

energy to a conditioned space as follows:

This diagram represents the energy transfer possible per lb of media due to the

performance characteristic of the fluid used. 33

Environmental Consciousness

RoHS (Reduction of Hazardous Substances) 1

High COP (lower global warming impact, lower running cost) 2

Less refrigerant (zero ODP, lower global warming impact) 3

Further Energy saving through

Smart Controller

35

Location Time Hour Set Temp. Mode Set Remote

Restriction

Lift Lobby/

Common

areas

Morning 8:00 -

10:00 26°C Cooling No

Up to

Lunch

10:00 -

14:00 - Fan Yes

Afternoo

n

14:00 -

20:00 26°C Cooling No

Night 20:00 -

8:00 - Fan Yes

Energy Savings Proposal by Controller

Location Time Hour Set Temp. Mode Set Remote

Restriction

Office

Morning 9:00 -

13:00 23-25°C Cooling No

Lunch 13:00 -

14:00 - Fan Yes

Afternoon 14:00 -

18:30 24-26°C Cooling No

Evening 18:30 Stop All Systems

Case Study: Project @ Pune

Scheduling Required by client

• Without Energy savings

25/08/10~31/8/10

( Previous conditions)

• With Energy savings Proposal

1/09/10~7/09/10

( Present conditions)

Total Testing Area 4 Floors: Right & Left Wing- 1 & 2 Floors

Centralized System 36

9/17/2014

7

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

25-Aug 26-Aug 27-Aug 28-Aug 29-Aug 30-Aug 31-Aug 1-Sep 2-Sep 3-Sep 4-Sep 5-Sep 6-Sep 7-Sep

Wed Thur Fri SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday Wed Thur Fri SaturdaySunday MondayTuesday

24 24 24 24 24 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25

kwh

kwh

1545 Kwh 1202 Kwh

Energy savings weekly = 22 %

Mean Ambient

temp

325 kwh

250 Kwh

Weekly Energy Savings

Reduction- 22 %

Energy savings= (1545-1202)/1545*100

Day

before after

Case Study: Project @ Pune

37

System Structure

For download PPD data and

uploading project data

38

Indoor Environmental quality

39

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

40

Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system

Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be

connected to the same refrigerant line.

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.

Outdoor Air Processing Unit

41

Fresh air treatment and air conditioning with a single system

Fan coil units for air conditioning and an outdoor-air processing unit can be

connected to the same refrigerant line.

Enhanced design flexibility and a significant reduction in total system costs.

Heat Reclaim Ventilation (HRV)

42

• ON/OFF signal

• Cooling/Heating mode signal

• Set temperature signal

• Ventilation signal

• Failure detection signal

LCD remote

controller for

indoor unit

VRV Indoor unit

HRV

Air Conditioning

Load Reduced by

Approximately 28%

Ex. air

23C 50%

Cooled FA

27.5C 75%

Hot F.A.

35C 80%

Exhaust air HRV recovers heat from Exhaust air

9/17/2014

8

Future Direction

43

Future direction

Super large

project Integration with

applied system

Multi function Cooling/heating/

floor heating/hot

water supply

Cooling+heat

recovery for hot

water

Optimization for

residence Connection with

HA automation

Price optimization

by residence

concentrated

specification

Further Hi-

COP Hi-COP

refrigerant

Revolutionary

compressor/hea

t exchanger

VRV Diversification

of the heat

source Electric

Gas

Geo thermal

etc 44

Multi function VRV

4HP – 48HP

Hot water supply

Floor heating

Air-conditioning

45

VRV for cold area

2 step compression type

Hi-COP even at –20degC

10HP – 20HP

46

Ice thermal storage VRV

Ice thermal storage tank

VRV

10HP – 42HP

47

CO2 VRV

10HP

48

9/17/2014

9

Gas heat pump VRV

8HP – 50HP

49

Typical cluster details: Size: 93,000 sqm

Average floor plate size:

Wing 1&4 2,600 sqm

Wing 2&3 3,000 sqm

Floor Levels

Wing 1&4 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+5 Floors

Wing 2&3 2 Lower Ground Floor+Ground Floor+7 Floors

Equipment Configuration:

System Selected VRV III (Total Capacity: 16512 HP, 928 ODU)

Refrigerant R-410A

Outdoor Units Heat pump types

Model RXYQ18PY1: 896 nos.

RXYQ12PY1: 32 nos.

Indoor Units FXFQ-MVE (Ceiling Mounted Multi Flow Cassette): 6,600 nos.

Control System Intelligent Manager III (DAM602B51: 32 nos.)

Project Detail: EON VRV III was selected for it’s various practical

benefits.

1.Phase wise installation and commissioning;

2.Energy Savings

3.Simplified Control and Maintenance

4.Independent AC system for each tenant

Customer Criteria for A/C selection :

SEZ “Special Economic Zone” project

=> VRV Biggest project

Location: Pune, India

Project Details:

Application of VRV technology on large size projects

50

Thank you for your attention!

51