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A Hybrid Model of Context-aware Service Provisioning Implemented
on Smart Phones
International Conference on Pervasive Services 200626-29th June 2006
Oriana RivaHelsinki Institute for Information Technology
Santtu ToivonenVTT Technical Research Center of Finland
Food
Music
Movie
SaunaPrint
Art
Traffic
Look at the World from the User’s Perspective
User-centric Model
• The challenge – Locate anytime, anywhere relevant content
available in our daily environments– Relevance has a user-specific definition
• Current practice– Collect context information– Use it to rank/filter content items
• Existing examples– Mobility-aware recommenders– Context-based applications– Remembrance agents
Problems with Current Solutions
• No complete access to user’s personal and contextual information– Privacy, trust, laziness...
• No usage of reviews, observations, and ratings expressed by previous clients– Content from professional service providers is
impersonal, utility-oriented, static, out of date…
– Success of Amazon, human daily practice...
Our solution:
Hybrid model of context-aware service provisioning
Our solution:
Hybrid model of context-aware service provisioning
Outline
• Motivations
• Hybrid model of context-aware service
provisioning
• DYNAMOS Platform
• DYNAMOS Example Application
• Conclusions & Future Works
* DYNAMOS Project (TEKES, VTT, ICT-Turku, Suunto,TeliaSonera) http://virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/proj2/dynamos/
Hybrid Service Provisioning Model
SP Service Provider
U User
SP
U
U U
U
U
U U
U
Service-generated, butuser-annotated, content
User-generated content
Service-generated content
U
U U
U
SP
System-inaccessible
System-inaccessible
System-accessible
Metadata-based Design
U1
S1
U3
Servicedescription
SP1
UserProfile U1
Service instance 1
User instance 1
User ContextU1
User NoteU3
Service Annotation
U2
Traditional service
provisioning system
U2Hybrid service
provisioning system
... Kayano running shoes are 50%
discounted today...
... Awful traffic jam
here...
Outline
• Motivations
• Hybrid Model of Context-aware Service
Provisioning
• DYNAMOS Platform
• DYNAMOS Example Application
• Conclusions & Future Works
DYNAMOS Reference Architecture
DYNAMOS CoreClients Distribution Servers
GPRS ServiceContent
Internet
GPS Satellite
UserContent
2G/3G basestation
Smart phone + sensors
Laptop
GPRS
DYNAMOS Core Modules
Event Server
Web Server
• Implemented in Java• J2ME CLDC 1.0 and MIDP 2.0• Development using Nokia Series 60 phones
• Implemented in Java• J2ME CLDC 1.0 and MIDP 2.0• Development using Nokia Series 60 phones
DYNAMOS Architecture
• Metadata Listeners– Specification and update of metadata information
for users and service content
• Metadata Managers– Process and store metadata
• Matcher + matching functions– Category-based matching– Location-based matching
• Controller– Enforce control policies and preferences
Outline
• Motivations
• Hybrid Model of Context-aware Service
Provisioning
• DYNAMOS Platform
• DYNAMOS Example Application
• Conclusions & Future Works
Case Study: Recreational Boatersin the Turku Archipelago
Requirements Study: Some Results
• Use of mobile phone for – Weather conditions and forecasts (95%)– News (40%)– Services (40%)
• To find out about services– 70% consult printed material (especially harbor
book)
• Limitations– Lack of event-related information– Out of date information– Static guide
DYNAMOS Sailing Application
Regatta Competition Aug 27-28th 2005
1
1
3
3
4
4
5
56
67
7 8
8
910
10
11
11
14
14
13
13
12
12
9
2
2
• 9 sailboats, 28 participants• Nokia 6630 + BT-GPS device
Evaluation Results
• Technical problems due to:- 2G/3G handovers- GPS device disconnections
- Feedback- Interest in social traces
- ”I passed from here, I saw this and I visited this”
- Interest in multimedia content- Post visiting (”curiosity”) and pre-visiting- Importance of knowing in advance about available
services- Personal and public usage of the system- Suggestions for other potential use cases- Risk of spam and trustworthy recommendations
Outline
• Motivations
• Hybrid Model of Context-aware Service
Provisioning
• DYNAMOS Platform
• DYNAMOS Example Application
• Conclusions & Future Works
Conclusions and Future Works
• People found interesting our model of hybrid service provisioning
• Technically, the system can be deployed• In small scale, trust problems and risk of
spam can be smoothed– Communities, clubs, etc.
• August 2006: second regatta competition– More advanced context provisioning – More context functionality will be tested
