\, -I

A Guide to

Unesco Sources on

Literacy

Published under contract with Unesco by the

World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession 5 Avenue du Moulin, 1110 Morges, Switzerland

Morges, November 1988

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CONTENT

I. Introduction

II. The Unesco Network on Literacy

III. The sector for Programme Support

IV. The Education Sector

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I. INTRODUCTION

LITERACY, the ability to read, assimilate and react appropriately to written communication in matters related to one's every-day experience, to feel at home with figures and graphic illustrations necessary for every-day tasks of communication, is an area to which Unesco has devoted a great deal of attention.

Evidence of this is found in such activities as the Experimental World Literacy Programme (launched in 1965), the creation of the International Institute for Adult Literacy Methods in Tehran, Iran, (now a national body), the celebration of 8 September every year as International Literacy Day, the most important celebration of the International Literacy year (1990), the support given to national, sub-regional, regional, intergovernmental, and non-governmental organisations in the pursuit of literacy programmes, and the sponsorship of a large number of studies and publications on the subject.

In spite of these efforts, a large number of persons (and a wide variety of organisations) are still unaware of the achievements of Unesco in the area of Literacy. Where the awareness exists, there is a lack of knowledge of information sources. The first Collective Consultation of International Non-governmental Organisations on Literacy held in Unesco House Paris, on.8 and 9 November 1984, deliberated on this issue and recommended that :

an effort should be made so that each organisation has a better knowledge of available information and tools.

WCOTP, with full encouragement from Unesco, therefore took the initiative in 1986 to help with the provision of an awareness list of such "available information and tools" in the field of Literacy. The present Guide is an updating of the 1986 version. The choice of documentation and services described here are those which, from the point of view of WCOTP, are most likely to 'be useful to the NGO community interested in Literacy.

The GUIDE is neither a bibliography nor an attempt to assess Unesco's efforts in the vital area of Education, but a simple eye onener to the vast and rich sources of information available in the Unesco network on Literacy. What has been put forward is therefore a selective rather than an extensive bibliography. The choice and presentation of material does not necessarily reflect Unesco's views.

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II. THE UNESCO NETWORK ON LITERACY --__----__--.-

Unesco is itself a complex organisation. The Education Section of Unesco is made up of seven divisions, one of which (ED/PLA) * deals -_- most specifically with Literacy.

All the other divisions are also involved in activities which impinge on Literacy. The same applies to the autonomous, specialised units and the regional offices. Information diffusion on all aspects of Unesco work (including Literacy) is done through units within the Programme Support Sector, the National Commissions for Unesco, and the regional offices of the organisation of the UN family.

III. THE SECTOR FOR PROGRAMME SUPPORT -____-.----.--.--- -

Three divisions of this sector are of particular importance in any search for information on Literacy. These are (A) Courier and Periodicals (B) Library, Archives, and Documentation Services and (C) Office of Statistics.

A. The Office of Public Information is in charge of the following : --~-__-.-_.--_---- . ..__ ____

1. UNESCO FEATURES - a regular bulletin (published in several languages) for the mass media, with brief write-ups on specific projects/activities. Often carries articles on Literacy (No 767 of 1981 and do 782 of 1983). Obtainable from Unesco Headquarters, 7 Place de Fontenoy, F-75700 Paris. Reproduction is allowed and credit line should read Unesco -.___- Features.

ii. UNESCO COURIER - a monthly magazine begun in 1947 and published in 32 languages with quarterly braille selections in English, French, Spanish and Korean. Often has special issues on Literacy, eg. the June 1980, the February 1984 and the May-June 1986 issues, while most issues have at least one article on the subject.

B. Library Archives and Documentation Services __-- -L.-.-_----_--.-..-_. .--.-...-._--. __-...-- . ..- -.-.-

i . THE UNESCO LIBRARY : situated on the ground floor of the headquarter's building in Paris. Completely computerised since 1972. Contains hooks and microfilms on Literacy. Users should write beforehand indicating areas of special interest, after which they are sent a bibliography. Depository libraries for Unesco publications also exist in many ____ countries, often in the Universities.

Jr Division of Primary Education, Literacy and Adult Education and Education in Rural Areas

--

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ii. THE PHOTOGRAPHIC UNIT : Photographs on literacy campaigns, workshops on literacy, etc. from different parts of the world are available in (and are obtainable from) this Unit. The photopraphs are distributed free of charge.

A very important material obtainable from this Unit (at very modest cost) is a collection of 48 slides titled ABC LITERACY, with cassettes in English, French and Spanish.

iii. THE PRODUCTION : A catalogue of films (1985 edition) is available in (and obtainable from) this Unit. Films can be borrowed (occasionally from Unesco Headquarters, but mainly from national depositories - UN agencies, Unesco regional offices and national commissions). They can also be purchased (either in the form of 16 mm film strips or in the form of WHS video cassettes). The available films on Literacy are in such languages as English, French, Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic. Translation into other languages can also be arranged.

iv. UNESCO ARCHIVES : For older materials (texts and audiovisuals) to be consulted or reproduced with permission. Situated in section C in the basement of the headquarters building in Paris.

C. The Office of Statistics : This contains a Division of Statistics of Education (14th Floor, Unesco, 1 Avenue Miollis, F-75700 Paris), the major functions of which are to :

promote collection and dissemination of educational data;

help with the standardisation of statistical procedures; and

assist member States in developing their capacity in the field of statistics.

In the field of LITERACY the Division of Statistics of Education has published the following works in recent years, most of which have appeared under its CSR (Current Surveys and Research) series.

1. Guidelines for the Collection of Statistics on Literacy Programmes (1979, 78 pp) - already used by several countries

ii. Towards a Methodology for Projecting Rates of Literacy and Levels Education Attainment (1978, 166 pp)

iii. Comparative Analysis of Statistical Data on Adult Education in 84 Countries (1985).

iv. The Current Literacy Situation in the World (1985)

V. Statistics of Educational Attainment and Illiteracy : 1970-1980 (1982).

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IV- ---- THE EDUCATION SECTOR

Work dealing specifically with Literacy is carried on in the Education Sector of Unesco in three major divisions. Financinp of Education (mainly in the Unit for Cooperation with UNICEF and World Food Programme), Equality of Educational Opportunities and Special Programmes, and Primary Education, Literacy and Adult Education and Education in Rural Areas. The sector also has a Documentation and Information Centre, which is very helpful in the dissemination of information.

A. TheUnit for Cooperation with UNICEF and WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME -__--

Attached to the Division of Financing of Education (ED/EFD), this Unit liaises with two other UN agencies and part of its work involves the promotion of Literacy, a subject on which it has produced a number of brief reports :

Instruction for Young People Using Literacy as Motor (by Catherine Toure), N.S. 145 (March 1984)

Literacy Curriculum and Material Development (Prepared by Unesco Bangkok Office), N.S. 104 (1982)

Motivating Adults to become Literate (by P.V. Chickermane), N.S. 135 (August 1983)

Voluntary Cosnnun ity Participation in Eradicating Illiteracy (a Burmese Report), N.S. 108 (August 1982)

Moving towards Universal Primary Education and Literacy (Report prepared by the UNICEF - Unesco Joint Working Group), UNICEF Occasional Papers Series No 4 - August 1984)

Extending Basic Learning Opportunities : Challenge and Response (Digest No 16, 1986)

Improving the Quality of Basic Learning Opportunities : Challenge aud Response (Digest No 19, 1986)

Meeting the Challenge of Basic Education and Literacy in Latin America and the Caribbean - Highlights of a Unesco/UNICEF Regional Seminar on the Universalisation of Primary Education and Literacy, Sucre (Bolivia) (Digest No 24, 1987)

Training Teachers for a Bilingual Literacy Programming Beg-inning from Scratch : a Peruvian Amazonian Experience (Notes, Comments No 48, 1.980)

Literacy and the Adult Learner : The Psychological Barrier (Notes, Comments No 56, 1980)

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Operational Seminar as a Training Technique for Literacy Workers : A Training Document (Notes, Comments No 100, 1982)

Literacy and Numeracy Related to Water (Notes, Comments No 120, 1982)

Action Training Model (ATM) - An Innovative Approach to Training Literacy Workers (Notes, Comments No 128, 1983)

Indigenous Education and Literacy in the Third World : Advantage of Cultural Resources for Literacy Training (Notes, Comments No 149, 1984)

"Koranic" Schools in Sudan as a Resource for UPEL : Results of a study on Khalwas in Rahad Agricultural Project extracted from a Unesco - UNKDBAS Study (Notes, Comments No 160, 1985)

A Hother-tongue Literacy Programme for Refugees - The Hmong in Ban Vinai Camp, Tbailand (Notes, Comments No 174, 1987)

B. The Division of Equality of Educational Opportunities and Special &ogrammes has a number of projects dealing with basic education for refugees, women, migrant workers, and other special groups. Nearly all these projects involve Literacy.

c I. The Division of Primary Literacy, Adult Education-aM Education, -- __-_-- Education in Rural Areas

That division of the education sector of Unesco deals directly ~---- with Literacy. Information on its work is made available through the following media :

The Publication/Documentation Services of the Education Sector _.-.-.-_-_~___-_-~---

1. PROSPECTS : Unesco's quarterly review of Education, published in English, French, Spanish, Arabic, and Russian. The following numbers have been devoted to issues concerning Literacy, in recent years.

Vol II/No 3 of 1972 Vol VII/No 2 of 1977 Vol XII/No 2 of 1982 Vol XII/No 1 of 1983 Vol XV/No 3 of 1985 Vol XVII/No 2, 1987 (a special issue made of extracts from this volume was parallely published under the title WTowards International Literacy Year : Illiteracy in industrialized countries : situation and action")

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ii. EDUCATION SECTOR DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION CENTRE : Stock documents emanating from Unesco Headquarters and regional offices and has a rich collection on Literacy. The Centre is accessible to the public (9.00 - 12.00 and 14.30 - 18.00 on weekdays). Photocopying services are also available.

Requests for up-to-dateats, possibilities for photocopying etc. should be made to :

The Documentation and Information Centre Unesco (Education Sector) 7, Place de Fontenoy F-75700 Paris

iii. ADULT EDUCATION INFORMATION NOTES : Published 4 times a year (since 1973), in English, French, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. Usually divided into a number of sections, made up of :

- a full length article - new series and publications - notes and news - forthcoming events - bibliography information

iv. STATISTICS UNITS IN REGIONAL OFFICES OF UNESCO : The Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific has, for example, produced the following :

Education in Asia and .the Pacific - 1984 Statistical Indicators

Educational Development in Asia and the Pacific - a Graphic Presentation

V. UNESCO STUDIES AND DOCUMENTS series : In-depth studies of specific literacy projects (usually country studies). Among relevant titles are the following :

i.1 Literacy for Working : Functional Literacy in Rural Tanzania

i.2 Functional Literacy in Mali : Training for Development

i.3 Possibilities and Limitations of Functional Literacy : The Iranian Experiment

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Vi.. PROGRESS ACHIEVED IN LITERACY THROUGHOUT THE WORLD : A summary of returns on questionnaires sent by Unesco by Member States biennially, published under such titles as Literacy 1976-78, Literacy 1978-80, Literacy 1965-66, Literacy 1967, Literacy 1969-1971, Literacy 1972-76.

vii. OBJECTIVE LITERACY : A publication in newspaper format that has been published (in English, French ans Spanish) every two years. Issued around 8 September (International Literacy Day) and distributed free. Contains world situation report on Literacy and journalistic material.

The 1983 edition of the publication is entitled THE DEPRIVED OF THE YEAR 2000, while the 1985 edition is titled HALF THE WORLD : YOUTH AND ILLITERACY.

viii. POSTERS : The Division issues occasional posters intended to drum down the message of Literacy. Among the posters issues in recent years are :

- Literacy for Women : A Development Priority - Literacy : the Right of Every Human Being - Literacy for Young People - by Young People - Youth and Literacy : International Literacy Day :

8 September 1985 - Eight Hundred Million Illiterates in the World

D. mesco Regional Offices

The various regional offices of Unesco also have documentation centres which serve the needs of Member States in the acquisition, reproduction, and dissemination of Unesco publications. Requests for information specific to different countries or regions may therefore be addressed to these regional offices.

1. Repional Office for Education in 'Africa (BREDA), B.P. 3311, ---. Dakar, SenBal : -

A Regional Programme for the Eradication of Illiteracy in Africa South of the Sahara was officially launched in June 1984 with the aim of promoting the elimination of illiteracy in Africa by a coordinated effort directed towards the provision and renovation of primary education, coupled with literacy work among young people and adults, thus serving as a strong link between formal and non-formal education. The Regional Programme through its Technical Secretariat is engaged in the following six activities : training of literacy personnel (workshops, seminars, study visits, etc.) development of national plans and strategies, research, exchange of information and personnel, mobilisation of public

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opinion during International Literacy Day Celebrations and Development of didactic materials.

BREDA publishes information on LITERACY through the following media, among others

(a) Educafrica : A bi-annual review of education - a special issue on literacy was published in June 1983

(b) NEIDA Information : Carries brief write ups on educa- tional innovation projects in Africa, including Literacy

(c) Conference Reports (e.g. Regional Technical Meeting on the Intensification of the Struggle against Illiteracy - 1982)

(d) Alpha 2000 : A newspaper format magazine on Literacy in Africa, begun in 1985. Published in English, French and Portuguese, twice a year

ii. Regional Office .for Education in Asia and Oceania, ~-__---- P.O. Box 1425, Bangkok Thailand : ,----

The office is noted for its in-depth country studies on Literacy, the most recent of which have been published as :

(a) Planning, administration,and monitoring in Literacy (1982)

(b) Adult Education in Asia and the Pacific (1982) : A special issue of the Bulletin of the Office

(c) Planning and management of a literacy programme (1985)

(d) Literacy situation in Asia and the Pacific (1984) : A monumental package in 11 volumes, the first of which is a general overview and the rest in-depth situational reports on the following countries : Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Thailand, Burma, India, Nepal, Philippines, Vietnam

The office is also engaged in such other activities as

(a> regional training workshops and meetings on literacy

(b) coordinating the efforts of UN agencies in the area of literacy

cc> organising literacy materials competitions, and

Cd) supporting national training activities related to literacy.

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iii. Regional Office for Education in Latin America and the Caribbean, P.O. Box 3187, Santiago, Chile : -

Publishes reports on Literacy projects in its area of jurisdiction. Reports published in Spanish, and English and obtainable either from Santiago or Unesco Headquarters in Paris. Case studies on Literacy programmes in Latin America have also been published in PROSPECTS (Unesco's quarterly review on Education). The following publications of the Office are quite informative :

a> Adult Education in Latin America and the Caribbean (1983)

b) Quarterly Bulletins detailing the progress of the struggle against illiteracy in the region

In 1985, the Office set up a regional personnel training network and specific support to literacy and adult education programmes, (REDALF).

iv. Regional Office for Education in the Arab States : -____ __--.-

Information on Unesco literacy work in the Arab States has been published in the following forms :

a) EPIDAS Bulletin (publication of the Programme of Educational Innovation for Development in the Arab States) : Adress : B.P. 32320, Rumaithiya, Kuwait

b) Conference Reports (eg. Regional Consultative Meeting on the Future of Adult Education and Literacy Education in the Arab States, 1982)

cl L'Education Nouvelle : Bulletin of the Regional Office for Education in the Arab States. Published in Arabic, but with extensive summaries in English and French

E. Autonomous (Specialisea Units of the Education Sector ___- -- --.__-. .-- --.. -_----

i. International Bureau of Education (IRE), P.-O. Box 199, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland

Literacy is covered by IBE in its various publication and documentation services. Visitors are encouraged to use its library resources made up of books, periodicals, and documents dating from 1920 onwards, as well as audio-visual materials. Inter-libra loans are also possible ---._--_ --

General information data can be obtained through the IBEDOC --- (Bibliographical data), the IBECENT (data on other

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documentation centres) of the IBE. Of particular reference to literacy in recent years are the following :

a> Directory of Adult Education Documentation and Information Services, 3rd edition, 1984, in English, French and Arabic

b) Terminology of Adult Education (1979) in English, French, and Arabic

ii. Unesco Institute of Education (UIE), Feldbrunnenstr. 58, D-2000 Hamburg 13, Federal Republic of Germany

The Institute is involved in research and research based orientation programmes pertaining to literacy, post-literacy and continuing education in the perspective of lifelong education at the international level. This area of work is covered in its various publications and documentation services. The library and documentation centre offers its services to researchers, field workers, students and others interested in this subject.

(a) Publications

Vol. 1

Vol. 2

Vol. 3

Vol. 4

UIE studies on post-literacy and continuing education. Titles published or to be published under the series in English and French :

Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Continuing Education : A Cross-National Perspective by Dave, R.H., Perera, D.A., and Ouane, A., with contributions from Bhola, H.S., and Anil Bordia

Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Coutiuuing Education in Mali, Niger, Senegal and Upper Volta with contributions from Ouane, A., Kane, O., Badiane, F. and Ilboudo, P.T.

Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Continuing Education in Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and United Kingdom with contributions from Macharia, D., .Akinde, C.O., Mpogolo, Z.J., and Stock, A.

Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Continuing Education in China, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Thailand and Vietnam with contributions from Li Jiyuan, Sharma, D.V., Iskandar, A., Sihombing, U. et al, Belbase, L.N., Suntornpitug, N., and Le Son

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Vol. 5 Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Continuing Education in Brazil, Colombia, Jamaica and Venezuela with contributions from Coutinho, A.M., Carmo Chaves, L.M., and Galvao, V., Hurtado, L., Moulon Campell, M., and Valbuena Paz, A.

Vol. 6 Learning Strategies for Post-Literacy and Continuing Education in Algeria, Egypt, and Kuwait with contributions from Fetni A., Galal, AF. F. and Al-Sharah, Y., and Khabbas, D.

Besides these volumes, the two international approach papers included in Vol. 1 six relevant selected studies and the reports of the related regional programmes-for Latin America and the Arab States have been published under a special series in Spanish and Arabic respectively.

Since 1985, the UIE has been carrying out research studies and dissemination activities on functional illiteracy and basic education provision in industrialized countries. These activities are implemented in cooperation with ED/PLA, Paris and Member States of the European region. Two publications have been brought out so far, namely :

1. Functional illiteracy and Literacy Provision in Developed Countries : The Case of the Federal Republic of Germany, Fuchs-Briininghoff, E., Kreft, W., and Kropp, U., Hamburg : UIE, 1986

2. Functional Illiteracy in Industrialized Countries : An Analytical Bibliography, Giere, U., Hamburg : UIE, 1987

This research work has been expanded and other publications are expected. Simultaneously a network for research, documentation and dissemination is being set up on this topic on the recommendation of the Workshop of Specialists in Europe on Prevention of Functional Illiteracy in Industrialized Countries and Integration of Youth into the World of Work, organized jointly by Unesco, Paris and UIE in Hamburg in December, 1986.

(b) Abstracting Service

Awareness List on Ljfelong Education (in cooperation with IBE, Geneva)

(c) Collection of Sample Learninp Materials

A new section of sample learning materials including rural newspapers and wall papers, posters, textbooks, supplementary reading books, self-learning materials, audio-cassettes, slides, video cassettes, films, etc. for literacy, post-literacy and continuing education

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has been set up. At present, the section has a collection of material from 85 countries in all regions of the world.

iii. International Institute for Educational Planning - IIEP, 7-9 Rue Eugkne Delacroix, F-75116 Paris, France.

The IIEP is involved in research and training on educational planning and management world-wide. Since 1981 it has launched a special programme in the field of Literacy consisting of a series of information exchange and training workshops at the international and regional levels. The following reports have been published so far :

Training of local-level administrative personnel in national literacy prog-ramoes, Bordia, A., and Carron, G., IIEP, Paris : 1982

Planning and administration of national literacy Programmes : Au IIEP Workshop, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania, 27 November - 2 December 1980, IIEP, Paris : : 1983

Issues in planning and Implementing national literacy programmes, Carron, G., and Bordia, A., IIEP, 1985

The IIEP Documentation Centre'possesses a full collection of international as well as national publications related to literacy. The Centre is opened for consultation from Monday to Thursday from 2 pm to 6 pm.

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NATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS FOR UNESCO PUBLICATIONS

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ALBANIA: N.Sh. Botimeve Naim Frasheri, Tirana. ALGERIA: Institut pedagogique national, 11, rue Ali-Haddad (ex-rue Zaatcha), Alger; Societe nationale d'edition et de diffusion @NED), 3, boulevard Zirout Youcef, Alger. ANGOLA: Distribuidora Livros e Publicaqoes, Caixa Postal 2848, Luanda. ARGENTINA: EDILYR, S.R.L., Tucuma/n 1685, 1050 Buenos Aires. AUSTRALIA: Publications: Educational Supplies Pry. Ltd., Post Office Box 33, Brookvale 2100, N.S.W. PeriodicaZs: Dominie Pry. Subscriptions Dept., P.O. Box 33, Brookvale 2100, N.S.W. Sub-agent: U.N.A.A., P.O. Box 175, East Melbourne 3002. Hunter Publications, 58A Gripps Street, Collingwood, Victoria 3066. AUSTRIA: Buchhandlung, Gerold & Co., Graben 31, A-1011 W ien. BANGLADESH: Bangladesh Books International Ltd., Ittefaq Building, 1 R.K. M ission Road, Hatkhola, Dacca 3. BELGIUM: Jean De Lannoy, 202 Avenue du Roi, 1060 Bruxelles. CCP 000-0070823-13. BENIN: Librairie nationale, B.P. 294, Porto Novo. BOLIVIA: Los Amigos de1 Libro, casilla postal 4415, La Paz; Avenida de las Heroinas 3712, Casilla 450, Cochabamba. BRAZIL: Funda GetGlio Vargas, ServiGo de Publicaqoes, caixa postal 9.052-ZC-02 Praia de Botafogo 188, Rio de Janeiro (GB). BULGARIA: Hemus, Kantora Literatura, boulevard Rousky, 6 Sofija. BURMA: Trade Corporation no. (9), 550-552 Merchant Street, Rangoon. CANADA: Renouf Publishing Company Ltd., 2182 St. Catherine Street West, Montreal, Que., H3H lM7. CHILE: Bibliocentro Ltda., Constituci& no. 7, Casilla 13731, Santiago (21); Librerza La Biblioteca, Alejandro I 867, Casilla 5602 , Santiago 2. CHINA: China National Publications Import and Export Corporation, P.O. Box 88, Beijing. COLOMBIA: Instituto Colombiano de Cultura, Carrera 3A No. 18/24, Bogota. CONGO: Librairie Populaire, B.P. 577, Brazzaville; . Commission Nationale Congolaise pour l'Unesco, B.P. 493, Brazzaville. COSTA RICA: Libreria Trejos S.A., apartado 1313, San Jose. CUBA: Ediciones Cubanos, O'Reilly No. 407, La Habana. For "The Courier" onZy: Empresa Coprefil, Dragones No. 456 e/Lealtad y Campanario, Habana 2. CYPRUS: "MAM", Archbishop Makarios 3rd Avenue, P.O. BOX 1722, Nicosia.

22. CZECHOSLOVAKIA: SNTL, Spalena 51, Praha 1. (Permanent display): Zahranicni literatura, 11 Soukenicka, Praha 1. For Slovakia only: Alfa Verlag Publishers, Hurbanova nam. 6, 893 31 Bratislava.

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DENMARK: Munksgaard Export and Subscription Service, 35 N$rre SBgade, DK 1370, K6benhavn K. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Libreria Blasco, Avenida Bolivar, no. 402, esq. Hermanos Deligne, Santo Domingo. ECUADOR: PeriodicaZs onZy: Dinacur Cia. Ltda, Pasaje San Luis 325 y Matovelle (Santa Prisca), Edificio Checa, Oft. 101, Quito. Books only: Libreria Pomaire, Amazonas 863, Quito. AZ2 pubZications: Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, Nucleo de1 Guayas, Pedro Moncayo y 9 de Octubre, casilla de correos 3542, Guyaquil. EGYPT: Unesco Publications Centre, 1 Talaat Harb Street, Cairo. EL SALVADOR: Librerl'a Cultural SalvadoreEa, S.A., Calle Delgado No. 117, apartado postal 2296, San Salvador. ETHIOPIA: Ethiopian National Agency for Unesco, P.O. BOX 2996, Addis Ababa. FINLAND: Akateeminen Kirkakauppa, Keskuskatu 1, SF-00100 Helsinki 10; Suomalainen Kirjakauppa OY, Koivuvaarankuja 2, 01640 Vantaa 64. FRANCE: Librairie de l'unesco, place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris. CCP 12598-48. FRENCH WEST INDIES: Librairie "AU Boul Mich", 1, rue Perrinon, and 66, avenue du Parquet, 97200 Fort-de-France (Martinique). GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC: Buchhaus Leipzig, Postfach 140, 701 Leipzig or international bookshops in the German Democratic Republic. GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF: S. Karger GmbH, Karger Buchhandlung, Angerhofstrasse 9, Postfach 2, D-8034 Germering/Mcnchen. For scientific maps only: Geo Center, Postfach 800830, 7000 Stuttgart 80. For "The Courier": Mr. Herbert Baum, Deutscher Unesco Kurier Vertrieb, Besaltstrasse 57, 5300 Bonn 3. GHANA: Presbyterian Bookshop Depot Ltd., P.O. Box 195, Accra; Ghana Book Suppliers Ltd., P.O. Box 7869, Accra; The University Bookshop of Cape Coast; The University Bookshop of Legon, P.O. Box 1, Legon. GREECE: International bookshops (Eleftheroudakis, Kauffmann, etc.). GUADELOUPE: Librairie-Papeterie Carnet-Effigie, 59 rue Barbes, Pointe-a-Pitre. GUATEMALA: Comisi6n Guatemalteca de Cooperation con la Unesco, 3. Avenida 13-30, Zona 1, apartado postal 244, Guatemala. HAITI: Librairie "A la Caravelle", 26, rue Roux, B.P. Ill-B, Port-au-Prince. HONDURAS: Librerfa Navarro, 2. Avenida No. 201, Comayaguela, Tegucigalpa. HONG KONG: Swindon Book Co., 13-15 Lock Road, Kowloon; Federal Publications (HK) Ltd., 2D Freder Centre, 68 Sung Wong Toi Road, Tokwawan, Kowloon; Hong Kong Government Information Services, Publications Section, Baskerville House, 22 Ice House Street, Hong Kong.

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41. HUNGARY: Akademiai KGnyvesbolt, Vsci u.22, Budapest V; A.k.V. K?jnyvt6rosok Boltja, Nepkoztsrsasdg utja 16, Budapest-VI.

42. ICELAND: SnaebjGrn Jonsson & Co., H.F., Hafnarstraeti 9, Reykjavik.

43. INDIA: Orient Longman Ltd., Kamani Marg, Ballard Estate, Bombay 400 038; Chittaranjan Avenue, Calcutta 13; 36a Anna Salai, Mount Road, Madras 2; B-3/7 Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi 1; 80/l Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore 560 001; 3-S-820 Hyderguda, Hyderabad 500 001. Sub-depots: Oxford Book & Stationery Co., 17 Park Street, Calcutta 700 016; Scindia House, New Delhi 110 001; Publications Section, Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, 511, C-Wing, Shastri Bhawan, New Delhi 110 001.

44. INDONESIA: Bhratara Publishers and Booksellers, 29, Jl. Oto Iskandardinata 111, Jakarta; Gramedia Bookshop, Jl. Gadjah Mada 109, Jakarta; Indira P.T., Jl. Dr. Sam Ratulangi 37, Jakarta Pusat.

45. IRAN: Iranian National Commission for Unesco, Avenue Iranchahr Chomali No. 300, B.P. 1533, Tehran; Kharazmie Publishing and Distribution Co., 28 Vessal Shirazi Street, Engk'lab Avenue, P.O. Box 314/1486, Tehran.

46. IRAQ: McKenzie's Bookshop, Al-Rashid Street, Baghdad. 47. IRELAND: The Educational Company of Ireland Ltd.,

Ballymount Road, Walkinstown, Dublin 12. 48. ISRAEL: A.B.C. Bookstore Ltd., P.O. Box 1283, 71 Allenby

Road, Tel Aviv 61000. 49. ITALY: Licosa (Libreria Commissionaria Sansoni S.p.A.1,

via Lamarmora 45, casella postale 552, 50121 Firenze. 50. IVORY COAST: Librarie des Presses de l'Unesco, C.N.

Ivoirienne pour l'unesco, B.P. 2871, Abidjan. 51. JAMAICA: Sangster's Book Stores Ltd., P.O. Box 366, 101

Water Lane, Kingston. 52. JAPAN: Eastern Book Service Inc., Shuhwa Toranomon 3 Bldg.,

23-6 Toranomon 3-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105. 53. JORDAN: Distribution Agency, P.O. Box 375, Amman. 54. KENYA: East African Publishing House, P.O. Box 30571,

Nairobi. 55. KUWAIT: The Kuwait Bookshop Co. Ltd., P.O. Box 2942,

Kuwait. 56. LEBANON: Librairies Antoine, A. Naufal et Frsres, B.P. 656,

Beyrouth. 57. LESOTHO: Mazenod Book Centre, P.O. Mazenod. 58. LIBERIA: Cole & Yancy Bookshops Ltd., P.O. Box 286,

Monrovia. 59. LIECHTENSTEIN: Eurocan Trust Reg., P.O. Box 5, FL-9494

Schaan. 60. LUXEMBOURG: Librairie Paul Bruck, 22, Grande-Rue,

Luxembourg. 61. MADAGASCAR: Commission nationale de la Republique Democra-

tique de Madagascar pour l'Unesco, B.P. 331, Antananarivo.

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62.

63. 64. 65.

66. 67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75. 76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

MALAYSIA: Federal Publications Sdn. Bbd., Lot 8238 Jalan 222, Petaling Jaya, Selangor; University of Malaya Co.operative Bookshop, Kuala Lumpur 22-11. MALI: Librairie populaire du Mali, B.P. 28, Bamako. MALTA: Sapienzas, 26 Republic Street, Valletta. MAURITANIA: GRA.LI.CO.MA., 1, rue du Souk X, Avenue Kennedy, Nouakchott. MAURITIUS: Nalanda Co. Ltd., 30 Bourbon Street, Port-Louis. MEXICO: SABSA, Insurgentes Sur no. 1032-401, Mexico 12, DF; Libreria El Correo de la Unesco, Actip/an 66, Colonia de1 Valle, Mexico 12, DF. MONACO: British Library, 30 boulevard des Moulins, Monte-Carlo. MOROCCO: Librairie "Aux belles images", 282, avenue Mohammed-V, Rabat, C.C.P. 68-74. For "The Courier" (for teachers): Commission nationale marocaine pour l'Education, la Science et la Culture, 19, rue Oqba, B.P. 420, Agdal- Rabat, (C.C.P. 324-45), MOZAMBIQUE: Instituto National do Livro e do Disco (INLD), Avenida 24 de Julho, 1921-r/c e 1. andar, Maputo. NETHERLANDS: Keesing, Boeken B.V., Postbus 1118, 1000 BC Amsterdam; PeriodicaZs: Dekker and Nordemann NV, P.O. Box 197. 1000 AD Amsterdam. NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: Van Dorp-Eddine N.V., P.O. Box 200, Willemstad, Curacao, N.A. NEW ZEALAND: Government Printing Office bookshops: Retail bookshop - 25 Rutland Street; Mail orders - 85 Beach Road, Private Bag C.P.O., Auckland. Retail - Ward Street; Mail orders - P.O. Box 857, Hamilton. Retail - Cubacade World Trade Centre, Mulgrave Street (Head Office); Mail orders - Private Bag, Wellington. Retail - 159 Hereford Street; Mail orders - Private Bag, Christchurch. Retail - Princes Street; Mail orders - P.O. Box 1104, Dunedin. NICARAGUA: Libreria Cultural Nicaragtiense, calle 15 de Septiembre y avenida Bolivar, apartado no. 807, Managua. NIGER: Librairie Mauclert, B.P. 868, Niamey. NIGERIA: The University Bookshop of Ife; The University Bookshop of Ibadan, P.O. Box 286; The University Bookshop of Nsukka; The University Bookshop of Lagos; The Ahmadu Belle University Bookshop of Zaria. NORWAY: Publications: Johan Grundt Tanum, Karl Johans gate 41/43, Oslo 1. Universitets Bokhandelen Universitetssentvet, P.O. Box 307, Blinden, Oslo 3, For "The Courier": A/S Narvesens Litteraturtjeneste, Box 6125, Oslo 6. PAKISTAN: Mirza Book Agency, 65 Shahrah Quaid i-Azam, P.O. Box 729, Lahore 3. PANAMA: Agencia International de Publicaciones S.A., Apartado 2052, Panam% 1. PARAGUAY: Agencia de Diarios y Revistas, Sra. Nelly de Garcja Astillero, Pte. Franc0 580, Asuncion. PERU: Libreria Studium, Plaza Francis 1164, Apartado 2139, Lima.

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82. PHILIPPINES: The Modern Book Co. Inc., 926 Rizal Avenue, P.O. Box 632, Manila D-404.

83. POLAND: ORPAN-Import, Palac Kultury, 00-901 Warszawa; Ars Polona-Ruth, Krakowskie Przedmiescie no. 7, 00-068 Warszawa.

84. PORTUGAL: Dias & Andrade Ltda., Livraria Portugal, rua do Carmo 70, Lisboa.

85. PUERTO RICO: Libreria Alma Mater, Cabrera 867, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00925.

86. REPUBLIC OF KOREA: Korean National Commission for Unesco, P.O. Box Central 64, Seoul.

87. ROMANIA: ILEXIM, Romlibri, Str. Biserica Amzei No. 5-7, P.O. Box 134-135, Bucuresti. Periodicals (subscriptions): Rompresfilatelia, Cales Victoriei Nr. 29, Bucuresti.

88. SENEGAL: Librairie Clairafrique, B.P. 2005, Dakar; Librairie "Le Senegal", B.P. 1594, Dakar.

89. SEYCHELLES: New Service Ltd., Kingsgate House, P.O. Box 131, Mahe; National Bookshop, P.O. Box 48, Mahe.

90. SIERRA LEONE: Fourah Bay College, Njala University and Sierra Leone Diocesan Bookshops, Freetown.

91. SINGAPORE: Federal Publications (S) Pte. Ltd., No. 1 New Industrial Road, off Upper Paya Lebar Road, Singapore 19.

92. SOCIALIST PEOPLE'S LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA: Agency for Development of Publication and Distribution, P.O. Box 34-35, Tripoli.

93. SOMALIA: Modern Book Shop and General, P.O. Box 951, Mogadiscio.

94. SOUTH AFRICA: Van Schaik's Bookstore (Pty) Ltd., Libri Building, Church Street, P.O. Box 724, Pretoria.

95. SPAIN: Mundi-Prensa Libros S.A., apartado 1223, Caste116 37, Madrid 1; Ediciones Liber, apartado 17, Magdalena 8, Ondarroa (Vizcaya); Donaire, Ronda de Outeiro, 20, apartado de correos 341, La Cortia; Librerla Al-Andalus, Roldana, 1 y 3, Sevilla 4; Libreria Castells, Ronda Universidad 13, Barcelona 7.

96. SRI LANKA: Lake House Bookshop, Sir Chittampalam Gardiner Mawata, P.O. Box 244, Colombo 2.

97. SUDAN: Al Bashir Bookshop, P.O. Box 1118, Khartoum. 98. SURINAME: Suriname National Commission for Unesco, P.O.

Box 2943, Paramaribo. 99. SWEDEN: PubZications: A/B C.E. Fritzes Kungl. Hovbokhandel

(Postgiro, 18 46 92). For "The Courier": Svenska FN-FErbundet, Skolgrznd 2, Box 150 50, S-104 65 Stockholm; Wennergren-Williams AB, Box 30004, S-10425 Stockholm.

100. SWITZERLAND: Europa Verlag, Rsmistrasse 5, 8024 Zcrich; Librairie Payot, 6, rue Grenus, 1211 Geneva 11.

101. SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC: Librairie Sayegh, Immeuble Diab, rue du Parlement, B.P. 704, Damas.

102. THAILAND: Suksapan Panit, Mansion 9, Rajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok; Nibondh & Co. Ltd., 40-42 Charoen Krung Road, Siyaeg Phaya Sri, P.O. Box 402, Bangkok; Suksit Siam Company, 1715 Rama IV Road, Bangkok.

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TOGO: Librairie Evangelique, B.P. 378, Lome; Librairie du Bon Pasteur, B.P. 1164, Lome; Librairie Moderne, B.P. 777, Lome. TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: Trinidad and Tobago National Commission for Unesco, 18 Alexandra Street, St. Clair, Port of Spain. TUNISIA: Societe tunisienne de diffusion, 5, avenue de Carthage, Tunis. TURKEY: Haset Kitapevi A.S., Istiklal Caddesi, no. 469, Posta Kutusu 219, Beyoglu, Istanbul. UGANDA: Uganda Bookshop, P.O. Box 145, Kampala. U.S.S.R.: Mezhdunarodnaja Kniga, Moskva, G-200. UNITED KINGDOM: H.M. Stationery Office, P.O. Box 569, London SE1 9NH; Government Bookshops: London, Belfast, Birmingham, Bristol, Cardiff, Edinburgh, Manchester. UNITED REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON: Le Secretaire general de la Commission nationale de la Republique-Unie du Cameroun pour l'Unesco, B.P. 1600, Yaounde. UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA: Dar es Salaam Bookshop, P.O. Box 9030, Dar es Salaam. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: Unipub, 345 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10010. UPPER VOLTA: Librairie Attie, B.P. 64, Ouagadougou; Librairie Catholique "Jeunesse d'Afrique", Ouagadougou. URUGUAY: Edilyr Uruguaya, S.A., Maldonado 1092, Montevideo. VENEZUELA: Libreria de1 Este, Av. Francisco de Miranda, 52, Edificio Galipdn, Apartado 60337, Caracas& La suralla Distribuciones, S.A., 42, Avenida entre 3 y 4 transversal, "Quinta Irenalis" Los Palos Grandes, Caracas 106. YUGOSLAVIA: Jugoslavanska Knjiga, Trg Republike S/8, P.O. Box 36, 11-001 Beograd; Drzavna Zalozba Slovenije, Titova C.25, P.O.B. SO-l, 61-000 Ljubljana. ZAIRE: Librarie du CIDEP, B.P. 2307, Kinshasa; Commission nationale za'iroise pour l'unesco, Commissariat d'Etat charge de 1'Education nationale, B.P. 32, Kinshasa. ZIMBABWE: Textbook Sales (PVT) Ltd., 67 Union Avenue, Salisbury.