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A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PCFifth Edition
Chapter 1
Introducing Hardware
2A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
You Will Learn…
That a computer requires both hardware and software to work
About the many different hardware components inside and connected to a computer
3A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Hardware Needs Software to Work
HardwarePhysical components of a computer
Visible part of a system
Software Set of instructions that directs hardware to accomplish a task
The intelligence
4A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Functions of a Computer
5A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Binary Communication Between Hardware and Software
6A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Binary Number System
7A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
PC Hardware Components
Outside computer case: input/output devices
Inside the case: processing and storageCPU – most important component
Requirements of a hardware deviceMethod for CPU to communicate with it
Software to instruct and control it
Electricity to power it
8A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Hardware Used for Input and Output
Connects to computer case by ports (eg, serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)Popular input devices:
KeyboardMouse
Popular output devices:MonitorPrinter
9A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Ports
10A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Input Devices
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Output Devices
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Hardware Inside the Case
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Motherboard Components
ProcessingCPU (most important)Chip set
Temporary storageRAMCache memory
Electrical systemPower supply connections
Communication with other devices
TracesExpansion slotsSystem clock
Programming/setup dataFlash ROMCMOS setup chip
14A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Motherboard
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
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The Chip Set
Controls most activities on the motherboard
Includes several device controllers
USB controller
Memory controller
IDE controller
18A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Chip Set (continued)
19A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Storage Devices
Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
Temporarily holds data and instructions while processing them
Faster to access than permanent storage
Permanent (secondary storage)
Data and instructions must be copied into primary storage (RAM) for processing
20A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Primary and Secondary Storage
21A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Primary Storage Devices
Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard and other circuit boards
Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
Types of boards that hold memory chips
SIMMs
DIMMs
RIMMs
22A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
RAM Chips
23A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Types of RAM Modules
24A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Secondary Storage Devices
Hard drives
CD-ROM drives
DVD drives
Zip drives
Floppy drives
25A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Hard Drive
26A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
EIDE Technology
Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and DVD drives
Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on one system
27A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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IDE Connectors on a Motherboard (continued)
29A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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Floppy Drive Connection
32A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
33A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
CD-ROM Drive Connection
34A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Motherboard Components Used for Communication Among Devices
The data bus
System of pathways used for communication and the protocol and methods used for transmission
35A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Bus and Bus Lines
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Data Bus
37A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
System Clock
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Clock Speed
Of motherboard
Measured in megahertz (MHz)
Of CPU
Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
39A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Expansion Slots
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Types of Expansion Slots
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Interface (Expansion) Cards
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Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)
43A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Electrical System
Power supply
Most important component of computer’s electrical system
Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the computer can handle
Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage to cool inside of computer case
44A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Electrical System (continued)
45A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
The Electrical System (continued)
46A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Instructions Stored on the Motherboard
ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
System BIOS
Startup BIOS
CMOS setup
Motherboard BIOS supports ACPI, APM, and Plug and Play technologies
47A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
ROM BIOS Chip
48A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
Motherboard Configuration Settings
CMOS chip
Stores setup (configuration) information
Powered by a battery on motherboard when power is off
Setup information can also be set by jumpers and DIP switches
49A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, Fifth Edition
CMOS Configuration Chip
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Setting Jumpers
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Using DIP Switches
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Summary
Introduction to hardware components of a computer system
Initial insight into how hardware works