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7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/a-gmp-basics-of-light-2009 1/21
1. Basics of Light ing, Units &
Measurements
1BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
BCA Academy (GMP) Programme
Module: Efficient Eco-lighting systems
(indoor & Outdoor)
About2/3 of all lighting currently installed globally is based on older, less
energy-efficient technology (pre - 1970) There have been big strides in technology in the past 10-15 years.
Green l ighting
Switching the older lighting to the latest technology will bring huge
savings in energy costs and CO2 emission.The current changeover rate to new lighting seems simply too slow.
2BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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What is Light ?
• Light is elec tromagnet ic rad iation (s imi lar to Radio , Mobi le
3BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
• It creates the sensat ion of ‘vision’, when i t enters our eyes
• It is thus a physical and perceived phenomenon & depends
also on the sensi tivi ty of eye
Light Output
Key Terminology & Defini tions
Colour temperature
Illuminance
Luminous Intensity
4BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Colour Rendering Index
Life time
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Total quantity of
Light Output (= Luminous f lux)
g em e y alight source persecond
Unit Lumens
5BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Symbol φa
Lamp Power (W) Light
output
Light output (Examples)
(Lumens)
Incandescent Lamp GLS 75W 900
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
(CFL)
PLEU 15W 900
Fluorescent tube Cool Daylight TLD 36W/54 2500
6BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
-
Ceramic Discharge Metal halide CDM-T 35W 3300
High Pressure Sodium Tubular SON-T 400W 54000
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Lamp Power (W) Light
output
Efficacy
(Lumens
Light Efficacy (examples)
(Lumens) per W)
Incandescent Lamp GLS 75W 900 12
Compact Fluorescent Lamp
(CFL)
PLEU 15W 900 60
Fluorescent tube Cool Daylight TLD 36W/54 2500 69
7BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
-
Ceramic Discharge Metal halide CDM-T 35W 3300 94
High Pressure Sodium Tubular SON-T 400W 54000 135
I
Light output in acertain direction,
Luminous Intensity
φdI = Luminous flux =
ra ate per soangle
Unit : Candela
ω
ω
ω
8BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Solid Angle (Steradian) Symbol : Iω
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Luminous flux incident on a surface divided by the area of that surface : also called Lighting Level
Illuminance
E = Lumens x (certain Factors*)
AreaLumens
2
Unit : Lux
Symbol : E
9BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Illuminance
* These factors will vary with the room dimensions, type of fitting used,
reflectance of walls & ceiling, height of fitting suspension etc
10BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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11 lux
Inverse Square Law
100 lux
1m2m
3m
11BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Spot Medium flood
Inverse Square Law appl ication
1,5m
2,5m
3,5m4m
1,5m
2,5m
3,5m4m
1,5m
2,5m
3,5m4m
0 1m
2m
2m
1m
0 1m
2m
2m
1m
0 1m
2m
2m
1m
β < 20° 20° ≤ β ≤ 40° β > 40°
12BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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The human eye
13BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Visual Acuity
Visual Acuity depends on :
• ua y o e eye
•Contrast Detection
•Observation Time
14BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Acuity
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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(For some hours of working)
Age Vs Il luminance
40 years = 600 lux
12 years = 200 lux
15BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
60 years = 3000 lux
Lighting and Productivity
Productivit and
Task Illuminance
16BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
500 2000Lux
Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Lighting and Errors
Errors and
as
Illuminance
17BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
500 2000
Lux
Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2
Light ing and Fatigue
Fatigue and
Task
um nance
18BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
500 2000
Lux
Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Luminance
Luminous flux(lumen)
Intensity(candela)
19BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Illuminance(lux)
Sl.No Type of Interior E (Lux) UGR CRI
3.1 Filin co in 19
SS 531:2006 Lighting Code
3.2 Writing, reading, Data processing 500 19 80
3.3 Technical drawings 750 16 80
3.4 CAD work stations 500 19 80
20BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
.
3.6 Reception desk 300 22 80
3.7 Archives 200 25 80
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Light Spectrum
380nm 800nm
21BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
• Wavelength of 380nm - 800 nm is occupied
by Light waves.
• It is identified by colours Violet to Red
Colour Criteria
Colour Temperature of Lamp
Colour Rendering of Objects
Colour Temperature of Lamp
Colour Rendering of Objects
22BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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North sky10 000 K
Colour Temperature (Kelvin)
Sun in the
Zenith
In the afternoon a t u r a l l i g h t
6000 K
23BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Twilight
Sunrise/Sunset
N
2000 K
Mercury
Neutral white4100 K
Colour Temperature (Kelvin)
Halogen/CDM
Crisp warm
Incandescent
3000 K
c i a l l i g h t i n g
24BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Sodium
Orange yellow
Cosy” warm
1950 K
A r t i f i
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Colour temperatures
25BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Colour temperatures
26BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
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Colour Rendering Index
The Perceiver
27BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
The material
Colour Rendering Index
The Perceiver Sodium Lamp
28BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
The material
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Colour Rendering Index
Blue Green
29BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
IncandescentLamp
RedYellow
Sodium HPLamp
Colour Rendering Index
30BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
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Colour Rendering Index
31BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Colour Rendering Index
32BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
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CRILamp Type
CRI of typical lamps
Incandescent/ Halogen 100
Fluorescent Colour 33
Fluorescent Colour 54
Fluorescent Colour 840
Fluorescent Colour 940
66
72
85
93
33BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
High Pressure Sodium(SON)
High Pressure Mercury(HPL)
Low pressure Sodium(SOX)
45
Nil
Tri-Phosphor powder
34BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
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Lamp type Output Color Temp CRI
Colour example – Super 80 tubes
TLD 36W / 827 3200 lm 2700K >80
TLD 36W / 830 3200 lm 3000K >80
TLD 36W / 840 3350 lm 4000K >80
TLD 36W / 850 3200 lm 5000K >80
35BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
TLD 36W / 865 3200 lm 6500K >80
TLD 36W / 54
Cool Daylight
2500 lm 6500K 72
Life time of a lamp
36BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
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Life time of lamp
37BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Manufacturers’ Published life is the 50% failure life
At 3 hours of use per Start
Defines how theDefines how the
Light distribution
Luminous Flux
radiated by the
Source is
distributed in
various directions
Luminous Flux
radiated by the
Source is
distributed in
various directions
38BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
in the spacearound itin the spacearound it
7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009
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Light distribution beam shapes
39BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
Narrow Beam Medium Beam Wide Beam Batwingdistribution
Light dist ribution diagram
40BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009
A