A Glossary of Computer Oriented Abbreviations and Acronyms

A Glossary of Computer Oriented Abbreviations and Acronyms Version

AA Auto AnswerAAB All-to-All BroadcastAAL Asynchronous Transfer Mode Adaption LayerAAP Applications Access Point [DEC]AAS All-to-All ScatterAASP ASCII Asynchronous Support PackageAAT Average Access TimeABC * Atanasoff-Berry Computer (First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes)ABEND Abnormal EndABI Application Binary InterfaceABIOS Advanced BIOSABIST Automatic Built-In Self-Test [IBM]ABLE Adaptive Battery Life ExtenderABR Available Bit RateABRS Automated Book Request System [British Library]ABS Address Book Synchronization [IBM] + AbsoluteABT AbortABTS ASCII Block Terminal ServicesAC Autocheck + Automatic Computer + Alternating CurrentACAP Application Configuration Access ProtocolACC AccumulatorACCMAIL Accessing the Internet Via EmailACD Automatic Call DistributionACDI Asynchronous Communications Device InterfaceACE Access Control Encryption/Entry + Advanced Computing Environment [SCO] + Adverse Channel Enhancements [Microcom] + * Automatic Computing EngineACF Access Control Field + Advanced Communications FunctionACH Automated Clearing HouseACIAS Automated Calibration Interval Analysis SystemACIS American Committee for Interoperable SystemsACK AcknowledgmentACL Access Control ListACM Association for Computing Machinery Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft]ACMS Application Control Management SystemACP Ancillary Control Program + Auxiliary Control ProcessACPI Advanced Configuration and Power InterfaceACR Allowed Cell RateACROSS Automated Cargo Release and Operations Service SystemACS Access + Access Control Set + Access Control System + * Advanced Computer System [IBM] + Anti Curl System + Asynchronous Communication ServerACTS Automated Computer Time ServiceACTT Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology [Seiko]ACU Automatic Calling UnitACVC Ada Compiler Validation CapacityA/D Analog to DigitalADA Automatic Data Acquisitions +


(Programming Language named after Augusta Ada Lovelace)ADB Apple Desktop BusADC Adaptive Data Compression (protocol) [Hayes] + Add with Carry + Analog to Digital ConverterADCCP Advanced Data Communication Control ProceduresADD Automatic Document Detection [WordPerfect]ADF Automatic Document Feeder + Automatically Defined Function.ADF Adapter Description File (file name extension)ADI AutoCad/AutoDesk Device Interface (driver)ADL Address Data LatchADLAT Adaptive Lattice FilterADLC Adaptive Lossless Data Compression [IBM] + Asynchronous Data Link ControlADMACS Apple Document Management And Conrol SystemADMD Administrative Management Domain [X.400].ADN Add In Utility (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]ADO Active Data ObjectsADP Automatic Data ProcessingADPCM Adaptive Differential Pulse Code ModulationADR AddressADS Application Development Solutions [AT&T] + Application Development System + Automatic Distribution SystemADSC Address Status Changed + Adobe Document Structuring ConventionsADSI Active Directory Service Interface [Microsoft] + Analog Display Services InterfaceADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineADSP Apple Datastream ProtocolADSR Attack, Decay, Sustain, ReleaseADT Abstract Data Type + Application Data TypesADU Automatic Dialing UnitAE Above or EqualAEB Analog Expansion Bus [Dialogic]AEC Architecture, Engineering, ConstructionAES Advanced Encryption StandardAESA ATM End System AddressAF Auxiliary carry FlagAFA Accelerated File AccessAFC Automatic Font Change + Automatic Frequency ControlAFD Automatic File DistributionAFDW Active Framework for Data Warehousing [Microsoft]AFI Authority and Format IdentifierAFII Association for Font Information InterchangeAFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and MatchAFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System.AFM Adobe Font Metrics (file name extension) [Adobe Systems]AFP Advanced Function Presentation [IBM] + Appletalk Filing Protocol [Macintosh]AFS Andrew File System (protocols)AFTP Anonymous File Transfer ProtocolAGA Advanced Graphics AdapterAGC Automatic Gain Control


AGP Accelerated/Advanced Graphics PortAGRAS Antiglare-Antireflective-AntistaticAGU Address-Generation UnitAHS Automated Highway SystemsAI Analog Input + Artificial IntelligenceAIA Applications Integration Architecture [DEC]AIC AIXwindows Interface Composer [IBM]AIF Audio Interchange FormatAIIM Association for Information and Image ManagementAIN Advanced Intelligent Network [Bell Atlantic]AIR Architecture Implementation ReviewAIS Automated Identification System [NCIC] + Automated Information SystemsAISB Association of Imaging Service BureausAISP Association of Information Systems ProfessionalsAIT Advanced Intelligent Tape (drive) [Sony]AIX Advanced Interactive Executive [IBM]ALC Arithmetic and Logic Circuits + Automatic Level ControlALE Address Latch Enable + Application Linking and EmbeddingALGOL Algorithmic Oriented Language (see IAL)ALIBI Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of InformationALINK Active Link [HTML]ALIWEB Archie Like Indexing in the Web [Internet]ALN Asynchronous Learning NetworkALR Advanced Logic Research, Inc.ALT Alternate (mode)ALT. Alternate lifestyle [USENET Newsgroup Category]ALU Arithmetic Logic UnitAMA Automatic Message AccountingAMANDDA Automated Messaging and Directory AssistanceAMD Active Matrix Display + Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.AMI Alternate Mark Inversion + American Megatrends, Inc.AMMA Advanced Memory Management Architecture [Everex Systems]AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone ServiceANCOVA Analysis of CovarianceANDF Architecture-Neutral Distribution FormatANI Automatic Number Identification.ANI Animated Cursor (file name extension) [Microsoft]ANN Artificial Neural Network.ANN Annotations (file name extension) [IBM]ANOVA Analysis Of VarianceANSI American National Standards InstituteANX Automotive Network Exchange [Chrysler/Ford/ General Motors]AO Analog OutputAOCE Apple Open Collaboration EnvironmentAO/DI Always On/Dynamic ISDNAOE Application Operating Environment [AT&T]AOL America OnlineAOS Add Or Subtract


AP Adjunct Processor + Application ProcessorA/P Accounts PayableAPA Adaptive Packet Assembly + All Points Addressable + Arithmetic Processing AcceleratorAPAR Authorized Program Analysis Report [IBM]APAREN Address Parity Enable [IBM]APCUG Association of PC User GroupsAPDU Application Protocol Data UnitsAPI Application Program InterfaceAPIC Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (bus) [Intel]APIS Advanced Passenger Information SystemAPL * A Programming Language (Mathematics)APM Advanced Power Management [IBM]APNIC Asia-Pacific Network Information Center [Internet]APOP Authenticated Post Office Protocol.APP Application (file name extension) [R:Base]APPC Advanced Program-to-Program Communications [IBM]APPI Advanced Peer-to-Peer InternetworkingAPPLETS ApplicationsAPPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking [IBM]APPS ApplicationsAPRP Adaptive Pattern Recognition ProcessingAPS Advanced Photo System + Advanced Printing Service [IBM] Asynchronous Protocol SpecificationAPSE ADA Programming Support EnvironmentAPT Address Pass Through + Advanced Parallel Technology + Automatically Programmed ToolsA/R Accounts ReceivableARA AppleTalk Remote AccessARAG Antireflective-AntiglareARAS Antireflective-Antistatic.ARC Archive (file name extension)ARCA Advanced RISC Computing ArchitectureARCnet Attached Resource Computer Network.ARJ Compressed File (file name extension) [Jung]ARL Adjusted Ring LengthARLL Advanced Run Length LimitedARM Advanced RISC Machine (processor) + Annotated Reference Manual + Asynchronous Response ModeARMA Association of Records Managers and AdministratorsARP Address Resolution Protocol [Novell]ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency NetworkARPL Adjust Requested Privilege LevelARTA Apple Real Time ArchitectureARTIC A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor [IBM]ARTS Asynchronous Remote Takeover Server.ARTS Cultural Groups (Domain Name) [Internet]ARTT Asynchronous Remote Takeover TerminalARQ Automatic Repeat RequestARU Audio Response UnitAS Autonomous System [Internet]ASAI Adjunct Switch Application Interface [AT&T]


ASAP As Soon As Possible + Automatic Switching And ProcessingAS3AP ANSI SQL Standard Scalable and Portable.ASC ASCII text (file name extension)ASCC * Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator [IBM]ASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASF Active/Advanced Streaming Format [Microsoft]ASIC Application-Specific Integrated CircuitASIT Advanced Security and Identification TechnologyASL Adaptive Speed LevellingASLM Apple Shared Library Manager [Macintosh].ASM Assembler Source Language (file name extension)ASMP Asymmetric MultprocessingASN Abstract Syntax Notation + Autonomous System NumberASO Automated Systems OperationsASP Active Server Page [Microsoft] + Authorized Service Provider + Association of Shareware Professionals.ASP Active Server Page (file name extension)ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface [Adaptec]ASPS Advanced Signal Processing SystemASR Address Space Register + Automatic Send-Receive + Automatic Speech RecognitionAST AST Research, Inc. (named from first initials of the founders: Albert Wong, Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen)AS/U Advanced Server for UnixASYNC AsynchronousAS/400 Application System/400 [IBM]AT Advanced Technology + AttentionATAPI Advanced Technology Attachment Packet InterfaceATDP Attention Dial PulseATDT Attention Dial ToneATE Automated Test EquipmentATG Advanced Technology GroupATH Attention Hang-Up (Modem command)ATL Active Template LibraryATM Adobe Typeface Manager + Asynchronous Transfer Mode + Automated Teller MachineATPS AppleTalk Printing Services [Macintosh]ATR Automatic Terminal RecognitionATS Administrative Terminal System + Apple Terminal ServicesAT&T American Telephone and TelegraphATTN AttentionATTRIB Attribute (also ATR)ATX Advanced Technology Extended [Intel]ATZ Attention Restore configuration profile from nonvolatile RAM (Modem command).AU Audio (file name extension)AUDIT Automated Data Input TerminalAUI Attachment/Autonomous Unit InterfaceAUP Acceptable Use Policy [Internet]AUTO AutomaticAUTOEXEC Automatic ExecutionAUX Auxiliary + (First Serial Port)


AV Audio/Video + Audiovisual + Authenticity VerificationAVA Audio Visual Authoring [IBM]AVC Audio Visual Connection [IBM]AVD Alternating Voice and DataAVG AverageAVI Audio Visual Interleave [Microsoft]AVR Automatic Voice RecognitionAVT Applied Voice TechnologyAWE Advanced Wave Effects [Creative Lab]AWG American Wire GageAWK (Unix language named after its authors... Al Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernighan)AWS Advanced Workstations and Systems (group) [IBM]AWT Abstract Window Toolkit [Java]AX Architecture Extended + Automatic Transmission

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BACP Bandwidth Allocation Control ProtocolBAK Binary Adaptation Kit [Microsoft].BAK Backup (file name extension)BAL Basic Assembly LanguageBALUN Balanced Unbalanced (device)BAM Boyan Action ModuleBAPI Business Application Programming Interface [SAP]BARTS Bell Atlantic Regional Timesharing.BAS Basic Language (file name extension)BASH Bourne Again Shell [Unix]BASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction CodeBASM Built-In AssemblerBAT Block Address Translation.BAT Batch Processing (file name extension)BBS Bulletin Board SystemBCC Block Check CharacterBCC: Blind Carbon CopyBCD Binary Coded DecimalB-CHANNEL Bearer ChannelBCL Batch Command LanguageBCN BeaconBCP Best Current Practice + Bulk Copy ProgramBCPL Basic Computer Programming LanguageBCR Byte Count RegisterBCS Bar Code SorterBDA Bios Data AreaBDC Backup Domain ControllerBDE Borland Database Engine [Borland]BDLS Bidirectional Loop SwitchingBDOS Basic Disk Operating SystemBDR Bus Device RequestBDSL Broadband ADSLBE Below or EqualBECN Backward Explicit Congestion Notification

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BEDO Burst Extended Data OutBEL BellBELLCORE Bell Communications ResearchBER Basic Encoding Rules + Bit Error RateBERT Bit Error Rate Test/TesterBF Bad FlagB/F Background/ForegroundBFF Binary File Format [IBM]BFT Binary File TransferBFTP Batch FTPBGA Ball Grid ArrayBGCOLOR Background Color [HTML]BGE Branch if Greater or Equal.BGI Borland Graphic Interface (file name extension)BGP Border Gateway ProtocolBGT Branch if Greater ThanBHI Branch if HigherBHIS Branch if Higher or SameBI Binary Input.BIB Bibliography (file name extension)BiDi Bi-DirectionalBIFET Bipolar Field Effect TransistorBIFF Binary Interchange File FormatBIM Beginning of Information Marker.BIN Binary (file name extension)BINAC * Binary Automatic ComputerBIND Berkeley Internet Name DomainBINHEX Binary HexadecimalBIOS Basic Input/Output SystemBIS Business Information SystemBISDN Broadband Integrated Services Digital NetworkBIST Built-In Self-TestBiSYNC (See BSYNC)BIT Binary DigitBITNET Because It's Time NetworkBITNIC Bitnet Network Information CenterBIU Bus Interface UnitBIW Business Intelligence Warehouse [SAP]BIX Byte Information Exchange (BBS)BIZ. Business [USENET Newsgroup Category].BK! Backup (file name extension) [WordPerfect].B~K Backup (file name extension)BKSP BackspaceBL Backlit + Bit LineBLAST Blocked Asynchronous Transmission (protocol) [Communications Research Group].BLD BASIC Bload Graphics (file name extension)BLE Branch if Less or EqualBLER Block ErrorBLK BlockBLMC Buried Logic MacrocellBLOB Binary Large ObjectBLOS Branch if Lower Or SameBMI Branch if MinusBMIC BusMaster Interface Controller [Intel]


BMP Basic Mapping Support + Batch Message Processing Program.BMP Bitmap (file name extension) [Paintbrush Format]BNC Bayonet Neill-Concelman (connector used with coaxial cable invented by Mr. Neill-Concelman)BNE Branch if Not EqualBNF Backus-Naur Form (also Backus-Normal Form) [developed by John Backus and Peter Naur]BNS Backbone Network ServiceBO Binary OutputBoB Break-out BoxBOC Basic Operator ConsoleBOF Beginning Of FileBOM Basic Online Memory [IBM] + Beginning Of MessageBOND Bandwidth On DemandBOOTP Bootstrap Protocol [Internet]BOPS Billion Operations Per SecondBORPQU Borland Pro QuattroBORQU Borland QuattroBOS Basic Operating SystemBOT Beginning Of Table + Beginning of Tape + RobotBP Base PointerBPB BIOS Parameter BlockBPDU Bridge Protocol Data UnitBPI Bits Per InchBPL Branch if PlusBPP Bits Per PixelBPS Bits Per Second + Bytes Per SecondBPSK Binary Phase Shift KeyingBR Bad RegisterBRGC Binary Reflected Gray CodeBRI Basic Rate Interface + Brain Response InterfaceBS BackspaceBSAM Basic Sequential Access MethodBSC Binary Synchronous Communication.BSC Boyan Script (file name extension) [Boyan Communications]BSCS Bachelor of Science (Degree) in Computer ScienceBSD Berkely Software/Standard DistributionBSF Bit Scan ForwardBSI British Standards InstituteBSM Basic Storage Module [IBM]BSP Bulk Synchronous ParallelismBSR Bit Scan ReverseBS-RAM Burst Static RAMBSS Block Started by SymbolBSV BASIC Bsave Graphics (file name extension)BSY BusyBSYNC Binary Synchronous Communications (protocol)BT Bit TestBTAM Basic Telecommunications Access Method [IBM]BTB Branch Target BufferBTC Bit Test and ComplementBTOA Binary To ASCIIBTP Batch Transfer ProgramBTR Bit Test and ResetBTS Bit Test and Set


BU Branch UnitBUBL Bulletin Board for Libraries [Janet]BUF BufferBUS Broadcast and Unknown ServerBVH Base Video HandlerBWM Block-Write ModeB2X Binary To Hexadecimal [REXX]BYTE Binary Element String

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C C Programming Language.C C source code (file name extension) [C]CA Collision Avoidance.CAB Cabinet (file name extension) [Microsoft]CAD Computer Aided DesignCADD Computer Aided Design and DraftingCADE Client/server Application Development EnvironmentCAE Client Application Enabler + Common Applications Environment + Computer Aided EngineeringCAEX Computer Aided ExplorationCAG Column Address GeneratorCAI Computer Aided InstructionCAIRN Collaborative Advanced Interagency Research NetworkCAL Calendar + Client Access License + Computer Aided LearningCALS Computer-Aided Acquisition in Logistic SupportCAM Common Access Method + Computer Aided Manufacturing + Contents Addressable MemoryCAN CancelCAP Carrierless Amplitude and Phase-Modulation + Central Arbitration Point + Communication Application Platform + Competitive Access Provider + Computer Aided Publishing.CAP Capture (file name extension)CAPD Computing To Assist Persons With Disabilities [Johns Hopkins University]CAPE Concurrent Art-to-Product EnvironmentCAPS Capitals (Upper Case Letters) + Cassette Programming SystemCARL Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries [Internet]CAS Column Address Select + Communications Application Specification + Computer Aided StylingCASE Computer Aided Software EngineeringCASL Crosstalk Application Scripting Language [DCA]CASS Computer Assisted Search ServiceCASSIS Classified and Search Support Information SystemCAT Computer Adaptive Test + Computer Aided Testing + Computer Aided Tomography + Computer Aided Transcription + Concatenate


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.CAT Catalog (file name extension)CATS Computer Assisted Training SystemCAT SCAN Computerized Axial Tomography ScanCATV Community Antenna Television (this was the original name for what is now known as Cable TV)CAU Controlled Access UnitCAV Constant Angular VelocityCAVE Computer Automatic Virtual EnvironmentCBC Cipher Block ChainingCBCR Channel Byte Count RegisterCBDS Connectionless Broadband Data ServiceCBEMA Computer and Business Equipment Manufacturers AssociationCBGA Ceramic Ball Grid ArrayCBI Computer Based Instruction\InstrumentationCBL Computer Based Learning.CBL COBOL source code (file name extension)CBMS Computer-Based Mail SystemCBR Case Based Reasoning + Constant Bit RateCBT Computer Based TrainingCBW Convert Byte to WordCBX Computer-Controlled Branch ExchangeCC Cluster ControllerCC: Carbon CopyCCD Charged-Coupled DeviceCCFT Cold Cathode Fluorescent TubeCCI Common Client InterfaceCCITT Comite Consultatif International Telegraphique et Telephonique/ Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and TelephoneCCL Connection/Cursor Control LanguageCCP Console Command ProcessorCCS Common Command Set + Common Communications Services + Common Communications Support + Continuous Composite Servo.CCS Color Calibration System (file name extension)CCSD Cellular Circuit-Switched DataCD Carrier Detect + Change Directory + Collision Detection + Color Display + Compact DiskC/D Control DataC2D Character To Decimal [REXX]CDA Compound Document Architecture [DEC]CDBT Compact Disk-Based TrainingCDC Control Data CorporationCD_CHRDY Card Channel Ready [IBM]CD-DA Compact Disk -Digital AudioCDDI Copper Distributed Data InterfaceCDE Common Desktop Environment + Complex Data EntryCD-E Compact Disk - ErasableCDF Channel Definition Format.CDF Comma Delimited Format (file name extension)CDFS Compact Disc File System [Microsoft]CD+G Compact Disk plus GraphicsCD-I Compact Disk - InteractiveCDIA Certified Document Imaging Architect


CDL Computer Design LanguageCDMA Code Division Multiple AccessCDMF Commercial Data Masking Facility [IBM]CD-MO Compact Disk - Magneto OpticalCDOS Concurrent Disk Operating SystemCDPD Cellular Digital Packet DataCDR Call Detail Record + Call Detail Recording + Common Data RepresentationCD-R Compact Disk - RecordableCDRAM Cache DRAMCD-RDx Compact Disk - Read Only Memory Data Exchange StandardCDRL Contract Data Requirements ListCD-ROM Compact Disk - Read Only MemoryCD-RTOS Compact Disk - Real Time Operating SystemCD-RW Compact Disk - Re-WritableCDS Current Directory StructureCDSA Common Data Security ArchitectureCDSL Consumer Digital Subscriber Line [Rockwell].CDT Corel Draw Template (file name extension)CD-V Compact Disk - VideoCD-WO Compact Disk - Write Once.CDX Compound Index (file name extension) [Fox Pro]CD-XA Compact Disk - Extended ArchitectureCE Cache Enable + Chip Enable + Collision Elimination + Convert EnableCEG Continuous Edge GraphicsCEI Conducted Electromagnetic InterferenceCELP Card Edge Low Profile (socket) [Intel]CEMS Constituent Electronic Mail SystemCEOP Conditional End Of PageCER Canonical Encoding RulesCERN The European Particle Physics Laboratory (initials originally from Conseil European pour la Recherche Nucleaire)CERT Computer Emergency Response TeamCFB Cipher Feedback + Configurable Function Block.CFG Configuration (file name extension)CFM Code Fragment Manager [Macintosh] + Cubic Feet Per MinuteCFR Computerized Facial RecognitionCFS Caching/Common File SystemCFV Call For Votes [Bitnet]CG Control GateCGA Color Graphics AdapterCGE Common Graphics EnvironmentCGI Computer Generated Images + Computer Graphics InterfaceCGI-BIN Common Gateway Interface - Binary.CGM Computer Graphics Metafile (file name extension) + Graph (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]CGS Continuous-Grain SiliconCHAP Challenge-Handshake Authentication ProtocolCHAR CharacterCHAT Conversational Hypertext Access Technology [Internet]CHCK Channel CheckCHCP Change Code Page


CHDIR Change DirectoryCHFN Change Finger [Unix]CHGRP Change GroupCHIPS Clearinghouse Interbank Payments System.CHK CHKDSK (file name extension)CHKDSK Check DiskCHMOD Change ModeCHOWN Change OwnerCHP ChapterCHR CharacterCHRP Common Hardware Reference PlatformCHS Cylinder Head SectorCI Component InterfaceCIA Current Instruction AddressCIAC Computer Incident Advisory CapabilityCICS/VS Customer Information Control System/ Virtual Storage [IBM]CID Charge-Injection Device + Configuration/Installation/DistributionCIDR Classless Inter-Domain RoutingCIF Common Interchange/Intermediate Format + Crystallographic Information File + Customer Information FeedCIFS Common Internet File SystemCIM Common Information Model + CompuServe Information Manager + Computer Integrated ManufacturingCIO Chief Information OfficerCIOCS Communication Input/Output Control SystemCIP Command Interface Port + Common Indexing ProtocolCIR Committed Information RateCIRC Circular Reference + Cross-Interleaved Reed-Solomon CodeCIS Card Information Structure + Client Information System + CompuServe Information Service + Computer Information Systems + Contact Image Sensor + Customer Information SystemCISC Complex Instruction Set ComputingCIT Computer-Integrated TelephonyCIVR Computer and Interactive Voice ResponseCIX Commercial Internet Exchange + Compulink Information ExchangeCJLI Command Job Language InterpreterCKD Count Key Data (device)CLAR Channel Local Address RegisterCLASS Client Access to Systems and Services + Cooperative Library Agency for Systems and Services + Custom Local-Area Signaling ServicesCLC Clear Carry FlagCLD Clear Direction FlagCLEC Competitive Local Exchange CarrierCLI Call-Level Interface + Clear Interrupt Flag + Client Library Interface + Command Line InterfaceCLIB C LibraryCLID Calling Line Identification


CLIST Command ListCLK ClockCLNP Connectionless Network ProtocolCLOS Common Lisp Object SystemCLP Cell Loss Priority + Constraint Logic Programming.CLP Clipboard (file name extension) [Windows]CLS Clear ScreenCLSID Class IdentifierCLTP Connectionless Transport ProtocolCLTS Clear Task Switch FlagCLTV Constant Linear Time VelocityCLUI Command Line User InterfaceCLUT Color Look-Up TableCLV Constant Linear VelocityCM Centimeter + Control Mark + Corrective MaintenanceCMA Concert Multi-thread ArchitectureCMC Common Mail Calls + Common Messaging Calls + Communication Management Configuration + Complement Carry Flag + Computer-Mediated Communication [Internet]CMD Circuit Mode Data.CMD Command (file name extension)CMF Creative Music FormatCNIDR Clearinghouse for Network Information and Discovery and Retrieval [Internet]CMIP Common Management Information ProtocolCMIS Common Management Information Services/SystemCML Chemical Markup Language + Conceptual Modelling Language + Computer Managed Learning + Current Mode LogicCMM Capability Maturity ModelCMMS Computerized Maintenance Management SoftwareCMMU Cache/Memory Management Unit [Motorola]CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide SemiconductorCMOV Conditional MoveCMP Compare + ComputerCMPS Compare word StringCMS Code Management System + Compiler Monitor System + Conversation Monitor SystemCMVC Configuration Management Version Control [IBM]CMW Compartmented Mode WorkstationCMY Cyan-Magenta-Yellow (color model)CMYK Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black (color model)CNA Certified NetWare Administrator [Novell]CNAPS Co-Processing Node Architecture for Parallel SystemsCNC Computerized Numerical ControlCNE Certified NetWare Engineer.CNF Configuration (file name extension)CNG Calling (tone)CNI Certified Novell Instructor [Novell]CNIDR Clearinghouse for Networked Information and RetrievalCNN Composite Network NodeCNR Carrier to Noise RatioCNSS Core Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet].CNT Contents (file name extension)CNV Conventional (pertaining to Memory)


CNVT ConvertCNX Certified Network ExpertCO Central Office + Command Output + Convert OutCOAST Card On A Stick (module)COAX Coaxial CableCOB Chip-On-Board.COB COBOL source code (file name extension)COBOL Common Business-oriented Language (See HLL).COD Code List (file name extension)CODASYL * Conference on Data System Languages (Group that designed COBOL)CODE Client-Server Open Development EnvironmentCODEC Coder/Decoder + Compression/DecompressionCOEM Commercial Original Equipment ManufacturerCOFF Common Object File Format [Unix]COGO Coordinate Geometry (Programming Language)COL Collision + Computer Oriented LanguageCOLD Computer Output to Laser DiskCOLL CollisionCOM Component Object Model [Microsoft] + Computer Output Microfilm.COM Command (file name extension) + Commercial Business (Domain Name) [Internet]COM1 First serial Port (asynchronous port)COM2 Second serial PortCOM3 Third serial PortCOM4 Fourth serial PortCOMDEX Computer Dealers ExpositionCOMET Cornell Macintosh Terminal EmulatorCOMP Compare + CommunicationsCOMP. Computers [USENET Newsgroup Category]COMSAT Communications Satellite CorporationCON Console (includes Keyboard and Screen)COND ConditionCONFIG ConfigurationCONS Connection-Oriented Network ServiceCONTONE Continuous ToneCOPICS Communications Oriented Production Information and Control System [IBM]COR Common Object RuntimeCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCoREN Corporation for Research and Enterprise NetworkCOS Compatible Operating SystemCOSE Combined Office Standard Environment + Common Open Software/Systems EnvironmentCOSMIC Computer Software Management and Information Center [NASA]COSMOS Computer System for Mainframe OperationsCOSS Common Object Services SpecificationCOTS Commercial Off-The-ShelfCP Copy ProtectedCPA Certified Public AccountantCPC Constant Point CalculationCPCS Check Processing Control System [IBM]CPE Central Processing Element +


Customer Premises Equipment + Customer Provided Equipment.CPE Cover Page (file name extension)CPG Clock Pulse GeneratorCPI Characters Per Inch + Clock Per Instruction + Common Programming Interface [IBM].CPI Code Page Information (file name extension) [MS-DOS]CPI-C Common Programming Interface for Communications [IBM]CPIO Copy In and Out [Unix]CPL Current Privilege Level.CPL Control Panel (file name extension)CPLD Complex Programmable Logic DeviceCPM Critical Path MethodCP/M Control Program for Microcomputers [Digital Research]CPS Characters Per Second + Cycles Per SecondCPT Command Pass ThroughCPU Central Processing UnitCPW Commercial Processing Workload [IBM]CR Carriage ReturnCRAM Cyberspatial Reality Advancement MovementCRAYON Create Your Own NewspaperCRC Cyclic Redundancy Check.CRD Cardfile (file name extension) + Chord (music file name extension)CREN Computer Research Education Network + Corporation for Research and Education NetworkingCRF Cable Retransmission Facility + Cross Reference FileCRI Color Reproduction IndicesCR/LF Carriage Return/Line FeedCROM Control Read Only MemoryCRT Cathode Ray TubeCRTC CRT ControllerCRUD Create, Retrieve, Update, DeleteCS Chip Select + Clear to Send + Code SegmentC/S Client/ServerCSA Calendaring and Scheduling API [IBM]CSAR Channel System Address RegisterCSCW Computer Supported Cooperative WorkCSD Circuit-Switched Data + Computer Services Department + Corrective Service Diskette [IBM]CSDS Circuit Switched Data ServiceCSE Certified System EngineerCSFI Communication Subsystem For InterconnectionCSG Constructive Solid Geometry + Consulting Services Group [Lotus]CSI Command Sequence Introducer + CompuServe IncorporatedCSID Call Subscriber IDCSL Computer Sensitive LanguageCSLIP Compressed Serial Line Interface Protocol [Internet]CSM Code Set Map (file) + Communications Services ManagerCSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision AvoidanceCSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access/with Collision DetectionCSMS Customer Support Management SystemCSN Card-Select Number


CSNET Computer Science NetworkCSO Central Services OrganizationCSP Certified Systems Professional + Chip-Scale Packaging + Commercial Subroutine Package + CompuCom Speed Protocol [CompuCom] + Communicating Sequential Processes + Cross System Product [IBM]CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data NetworkCSRAM Custom Static RAMCSS * Continuous System Simulator (Language)CSS Cascading Style Sheet [Microsoft] + Contact Start-StopCSSM Client-Server Systems Management [IBM]CS/SS Card Service/Socket ServiceCSTA Computer-Supported Telephony ApplicationsCSU Channel Service/Switching UnitCSV Circuit-Switched Voice + Comma-Separated Value/Variable + Common Services Verbs (interface) [Microsoft]C&T Chips and TechnologiesCTB Cipher Type ByteCTC Channel To ChannelCTCP Client-To-Client ProtocolCTI Computer-Telephony IntegrationCTOS Computerized Tomography Operating System + Convergent Technologies Operating SystemCTPA Coax-to-Twisted-Pair AdapterCTRCO * Calculating,Tabulating,Recording Company (The name of this company was changed to "International Business Machines" by Thomas J. Watson, Sr.)CTRL ControlCTS Clear To Send + Computer Telephony Solution [IBM] + Customer Telephone SystemCTSS * Compatible Time Sharing SystemCUA Common User Access [IBM]CUB Cursor BackwardCUD Cursor DownCUE Custom Updates and Extras (card) [Egghead Software]CUF Cursor ForwardCUI Character-Oriented User Interface + Common User Interface [IBM]CUP Cursor PositionCUPID Completely Universal Processor I/O Design [AST].CUR Cursor (file name extension)CUSIP Committee for Uniform Security Identification Procedures [U.S. Treasury]CUT Control Unit TerminalCUTE Clarkston University Terminal EmulatorCUU Cursor UpCVF Compressed Volume FileCVGA Color Video Graphics ArrayCVIA Computer Virus Industry AssociationCVT ConvertCVW CodeView for Windows


CWD Convert Word to Double Word + Change Working Directory [Internet]CWIS Campus Wide Information Service/System [Internet] + Community Wide Information Service/System [Internet]C2X Character To Hexadecimal [REXX]CYL CylinderCYMK Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black (color model)

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D/A Digital to AnalogDAA Data Access Arrangement + Decimal Adjust for AdditionDAB Digital Audio BroadcastingDAC Data Acquisition and Control + Digital to Analog Converter + Dual Attachment ConcentratorDAD Desktop Application Director [Borland]DAE Digital Audio ExtractionDAI Distributed Artificial IntelligenceDAL Data Access Language [Apple Computer] + Disk Access LockoutDAM Data Acquisition and MonitoringDAMPS Digital AMPSDAO Data Access Object [Microsoft]DAP Data Access Protocol [DEC] + Developer Assistance ProgramDAPIE Developers Application Programming Interface ExtensionsDARI Database Application Remote Interface [IBM]DARMS Digital Alternate Realization of Musical SymbolsDART Digital Audio Reconstruction TechnologyDAS Decimal Adjust for Subtraction + Dual-Attached StationDASD Direct Access Storage Device [IBM]DAT Digital Audio Tape + Disk Array Technology.DAT Data (file name extension)DATACOM Data CommunicationsDAV Digital Audio-VideoDAVIC Digital Audio-Visual CouncildB DecibelDB Data Base + Data Buffer + Device BaydBA Adjusted DecibelDBC Device Bay ControllerDBCS Delivery Bar Code Sorter + Double-Byte Character Set.DBF Database (file name extension)DBIS Dun & Bradstreet Information ServicesDBM Data Base ManagerDBMS Data Base Management SystemDBR DOS Boot RecordDBS Data Base Server + Direct (to home) Broadcast (satellite) SystemDBV Digital Broadcast Video


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DB2 Database 2DC Data Collection + Data Communication + Data Control + Device Control + Direct CurrentD2C Decimal To Character [REXX]DCA Digital Communications Associates + Document Content Architecture [IBM]DCAF Distributed Console Access Facility [IBM]DCAM Digital Camera + Direct Chip Attach ModuleDCB Device Control Block + Disk Coprocessor Board [Novell]DCC Data Country Code + Digital Command Control + Digital Compact Cassette + Direct Cable/Client Connection + Display Combination CodeDCD Data Carrier DetectDCE Data Circuit-Terminating Equipment + Data Communications Equipment + Distributed Computing Environment [OSF] + Distributed Computing EquipmentDCED Distributed Computing Environment DaemonDCF Data Communication Facility [IBM] + Data Compression Facility + Data Count Field [IBM] + Driver Configuration File [Lotus]D-CHANNEL Data ChannelDCI Display Control InterfaceDCL Data Control Language + Declaration + DEC Command Language [DEC] + Device Clear + Digital Control Logic + Digital Command Language [Digital]DCOM Distributed Component Object ModelDCP Digital Light Processing [TI]DCS Data Collection System + Data Control System + Desktop Color Separation + Distributed Control SystemDCT Discrete Cosine Transform.DCT Dictionary (file name extension)DCU Data-Cache UnitDD Day + Digital Display + Double DensityDDA Distributed Data Access + Domain-Defined AttributeDDB Device Dependent Bitmap + Device Descriptor BlockDDC Digital Data Channel [VESA] + Display Data ChannelDDCMP Digital Data Communications Message Protocol [DEC]DDC1 Display Data Channel OneDDCS Distributed Database Connection Services [IBM]DDD Data Definition Language + Direct Distance DialingDDE Direct Data Entry + Dynamic Data Exchange [Microsoft]DDEML Dynamic Data Exchange Manager Library [Microsoft]DDF Display Data Channel + Dynamic Data Formatting [IBM]DDI Device Driver Interface + Digital Document Interchange + Direct Dial InDDK Device Driver Kit [Microsoft Windows]DDL Data Definition Language + Data Description LanguageDDM Distributed Data ManagementDDN Defense Data NetworkDDNS Dynamic Domain Naming SystemDDP Distributed Data ProcessingDDR-SDRAM Double Data Rate-SDRAM


DDS Digital Dataphone Service [AT&T] + Design Data Sheet + Digital Data Storage + Distributed Database ServicesDDX Digital Data ExchangeDE Device EndDEA Data Encryption AlgorithmDEC Decrement + Device Clear + Digital Equipment CorporationDECNET Digital Equipment Corporation Networking (protocol)DEF Desktop Functional Equivalent [Compaq].DEF Definitions + Defaults (file name extensions)DEFRAG DefragmentDEK Data Encryption KeyDEL DeleteDELSTR Delete String [REXX].DEM Demonstration (file name extension)DEN Document Enabled Networking [Novell-Xerox]DER Distinguished Encoding RulesDES Data Encryption Standard + Data Entry Sheet.DES Description (file name extension)DET Device Execute TriggerDEV DeviceDF Data Field + Destination Field + Device Flag + Double FlagDFC Data Flow ControlDFM Design For Manufacturability [IBM]DFP Digital Flat PanelDFS Distributed File SystemDFSMS Data Facility Storage Management Subsystem [IBM]DFT Design For Testability + Diagnostic Function Test + Discrete Fourier Transform + Distributed Function TerminalDFU Data File UtilityDGIS Direct Graphics Interface StandardDHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolDHL Dynamic Head Loading.DHP Dr. Halo PIC (file name extension)DHTML Dynamic HTMLDI Data In + Destination IndexDIA Document Interchange Architecture [IBM]DIB Device Independent Bitmap + Directory Information Base + Dual Independent Bus [Intel]DIBOL DEC Business Oriented Language.DIC Dictionary (file name extension)DID Direct Inward DialingDIDS Distributed Intrusion Detection SystemDIF Data Interchange FormatDIFFSENS Differential SenseDIIP Direct Interrupt Identification PortDIMM Dual In-Line Memory ModuleDIN Deutsche Industrie Norm (German equivalent of EIA)DIO Data Input-OutputDIP Dialup Internet Protocol [Internet] + Digital Imaging Processing + Dual In-line Package + Dual In-line PinDIR Directory (file)


DIS Draft International Standard + Dynamic Impedance Stabilization [CompuCom]DISA Data Interchange Standards Association + Direct Inward System AccessDISP Displacement (offset)DIT Directory Information TreeDIV DivideDIVE Direct Interface Video Extension [OS/2 Warp]DIW D-Inside Wire [AT&T].DIZ Description In Zip (file name extension)DL Download (also D/L)DL/1 Data Manipulation Language 1 [IBM]DLC Data Link Control (protocol) [IBM] + Distributed Loop CarrierDLCI Data Link Connection IdentifierDLD Display List DriverDLE Data Link EscapeDLL Dynamic Link LibraryDLM Distributed Lock Manager + Dynamic Link ModuleDLP Digital Light Processing [TI]DLR DOS LAN RequesterDLS Data Link Switching [IBM]DLT Digital Linear TapeDM Distributed MemoryDMA Direct Memory Access/Addressing + Document Management AllianceDMAC DMA ControllerDMACS Distributed Manufacturing Automation & Control SoftwareDMD Digital Micromirror Device [TI]DME Direct Memory Execution + Distributed Management EnvironmentDMF Distribution Media Format [Microsoft]DMI Desktop Management InterfaceDML Data Manipulation LanguageDMM Digital MultimeterDMMS Dynamic Memory Management SystemDMOS Double-diffused Metal-Oxide SemiconductorDMP Dot Matrix PrinterDMPC Distributed Memory Parallel ComputerDMPP Distributed Memory Parallel ProcessorDMQS Display Mode Query and Set [IBM]DMS Data Management Software + Data/Document Management SystemDMSD Digital Multistandard DecodingDMSS Distributed Mass Storage SystemDMT Digital/Discrete Multi-ToneDMTF Desktop Management Task ForceDMY Day Month YearDN DownDNC Direct Numerical ControlDNIC Data Network Identification CodeDNIS Dialed Number Identification ServiceDNS Domain Naming SystemDO Data Out + Distributed Objects.DOC Document + Documentation (file name extensions)


DOCSV Data Over Circuit-Switched VoiceDOE Distributed Objects EverywhereDOIP Dial Other Internet Providers [IBM]DO-IT Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking and TechnologyDOM Document Object ModelDOMF Distributed Object Management FacilityDOS Disk Operating SystemDOSEM DOS EmulationDOV Data Over VoiceDOW Day Of WeekDP Data ProcessingDPA Demand Protocol Architecture [3Com] + Document Printing ArchitectureDPAM Demand Priority Access MethodDPAREN Data Parity Enable [IBM]DPB Drive Parameter BlockDPC Direct Program ControlDPI Distributed Protocol Interface + Dots Per InchDPL Descriptor Privilege LevelDPM Digital Panel MeterDPMA Data Processing Management AssociationDPMI DOS Protected Mode Interface [Microsoft]DPMS Display Power Management SupportDPO Data Phase OptimizationDPS Document Processing SystemDPSK Differential Phase Shift KeyingDPtoTP Display Coordinates to Tablet Coordinates (converting)DQDB Distributed Queue Dual BusDQL Data Query LanguageDR Data ReceivedD/R Direct or ReverseDRAM Dynamic Random Access MemoryDRAW Direct Read After WriteDR.BOND Dial-up Router Bandwidth On Demand [NEC]DRDA Distributed Relational Database Architecture [IBM]DR-DOS Digital Research-Disk Operating SystemDRDW Direct Read During WriteDRI Digital Research IncorporatedDRM Distributed Resource ManagementDRO Data Request Output + Destructive Read-OutDRS Document Registration System.DRS Driver Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect]DRV Drive.DRV Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DVR).DRW Draw + Drawing (file name extensions)DS Data Segment + Data Send + Data Server + Double SidedD/S Dhrystone Per SecondDSA Digital Signature Algorithm + Directory System AgentDSAP Destination Service Access PointDSD Direct Stream Digital [Sony-Philips]DSDD Double Sided, Double Density (diskette)DSE Data Storage EquipmentDSEA Display Station Emulation Adapter


DSECT Dummy Control SectionDSHD Double Sided, High Density (diskette)DSIS Distributed Support Information StandardDSL Digital Subscriber Line + Dynamic Simulation LanguageDSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access MultiplexerDSMA Digital Sense Multiple AccessDSN Delivery Service NotificationDSOM Distributed System Object ModelDSP Digital Signal Processing/Processor + Directory Synchronization Protocol [Lotus]DSQD Double Sided, Quad Density (diskette)DSR Data Set Ready + Device Status Register + Device Status ReportDSS Decision Support System + Digital Signature StandardDSSI Digital Standard Systems Interconnect [DEC]DSSS Direct-Sequencing Spread SpectrumDSSSL Document Style Semantics and Specifications LanguageDSTN Double Supertwisted NematicDSU Data Service/Switching Unit + Digital Service UnitDSVD Digital Simultaneous Voice and DataDSW Data Status Word + Device Status WordDSX Digital Signals Cross-ConnectD2T2 Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (printing)DTA Disk Transfer Area.DTA Data (file name extension)DTC Desktop ConferencingDTD Document Type DefinitionDTE Data Terminal Equipment + Dumb Terminal EmulatorDTF Distributed Test FacilityDTL Dialogue Tag Language [IBM] + Diode-Transistor LogicDTMF Data Tone Multiple Frequency + Dual Tone MultifrequencyDTP Desktop Publishing + Distributed Transaction ProcessDTR Data Terminal Ready + Data Transfer RateDTSS Dartmouth Time Sharing SystemDTV Desktop Video + Digital TelevisionDTVC Desktop Video ConferencingDU Disk UsageDUA Directory User AgentDUAT Direct User Access TerminalDUN Dial-Up Networking [Microsoft]DUNCE Dial Up Network Connection Enhancement.DV DESQview Script (file name extension)DVC Desktop Video ConferencingDVD Digital Video DiskDVD-R Digital Video Disk-RecordableDVD-RAM Digital Versitile Disc-RAMDVD-ROM Digital Versitile Disc-ROMDVE Digital Video EffectDVI Digital Video Interactive.DVI Device Independent (file name extension)DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol [Internet].DVR Device Driver (file name extension) (Also see .DRV)DW Data WarehousingDWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer


DWG DrawingDWMT Discrete Wavelet MultitoneD2X Decimal To Hexadecimal [REXX].DXB Drawing Interchange Binary (file name extension) [AutoCAD]DXC Data Exchange ControlDXF Drawing Exchange FormatDXI Data Exchange InterfaceDYNSRC Dynamic Source

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EA Effective Address + Extended Attribute [OS/2]EAR External Access RegisterEARN European Academic Research NetworkEAROM Electrically Alterable Read Only MemoryEARS Electronic Access to Reference Services + Electronic Authoring and Routing System [DEC] + Explicit Archive and Retrieval System [Langley Research]EATA Enhanced AT Bus AttachmentEAX Environmental Audio Extensions [Creative]EB Exabyte (1,024 petabytes) (One Billion Billion characters of information)EBC EISA Bus ControllerEBCT Electron Beam Computed TomographyEBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code [IBM]EBFM Electronic Business Flow ManagementEBI Equivalent Background Input + Extended Background InvestigationEBNF Extended Backus-Naur FormEBT Electronic Benefits TransferEC Electronic Commerce + Error ControlECAL Enjoy Computing And LearnECAT Electronic Card Assembly and Test [IBM]ECB Electronic Codebook + Event Control BlockECC Elliptic Curve Crypto + Error Check Code + Error Checking and Correction + Error Correction CodeECD Enhanced Color Display + Enhanced Compact DiskECHO European Commission Host Organization [Internet]ECI External Call InterfaceECL Emitter Coupled LogicECM Electronic Control ModuleECMA European Computer Manufacturers AssociationECNE Enterprise Certified NetWare Engineer [Novell]ECP Enhanced/Extended Capabilities Port [Microsoft]ECS Enhanced Chip SetECTL Electronic Communal Temporal LobeECU EISA Configuration UtilityED Erase DisplayEDA Electronic Design Automation + Embedded Document Architecture [Go Corporation]EDB Embedded Database

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EDC Electronic Digital Computer + Enhanced Data Correction + Error Detection and CorrectionEDDC Extended Distance Data CableEDGAR Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and RetrievalEDI Electronic Data Interchange + Electronic Document Interchange [DEC]EDIF Electronic Design Interchange FormatEDIFACT EDI for Administration Commerce and TransportEDL Edit Decision ListEDLC Ethernet Data Link ControlEDLIN Editor (Line Text)EDMS Electronic Document Management SystemEDO Extended Data OutEDOS Enhanced DOS for WindowsEDP Electronic Data ProcessingEDPM Electronic Data Processing MachineEDRAM Eraseable/Extended Dynamic Random Access MemoryEDS Electronic Data Systems (corporation)EDSAC * Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer.EDU Educational Institutions (Domain Name) [Internet]EDVAC * Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (First stored-program digital computer)EE Extended Edition [IBM]EEC Extended Error CorrectionEEG ElectroencephalogramEEL Epsilon Extension LanguageEEM Extended Memory ManagementEEMAC Electrical & Electronic Manufacturers of CanadaEEMS Enhanced Expanded Memory SpecificationEEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryEES Escrow Encryption StandardEFA Extended File AttributeEFF Electronic Frontier FoundationEFI Electromechanical Frequency Interference + Electronics For ImagingEFIGS English, French, Italian, German, SpanishEFL Emitter Follower LogicE-FORM Electronic FormEFTS Electronic Funds Transfer SystemEGA Enhanced Graphics AdapterEGP Exterior Gateway ProtocolEGREP Extended Global Regular Expression Print [Unix]EHLLAPI Emulator High Level Language Application Programming Interface [IBM]EIA Electronic Industries AssociationEIDE Enhanced Integrated Drive ElectronicsEIS Executive Information SystemEISA Extended Industry Standard ArchitectureEJB Enterprise JavaBeansEL Electroluminescent (display) + Erase LineELAN Emulated Local Area NetworkELC Embedded Linking and ControlELF Executable and Linking Format + Extremely Low Frequency


ELS Entry Level SystemEM Electronic Mail + Emphasized + End of Medium + Expanded MemoryEMA Electronic Mail Association + Enterprise Management ArchitectureEMACS Editing Macros [Unix]E-MAIL Electronic MailEMB Extended Memory Block [LIM/AST]EMBARC Electronic Mail Broadcast to a Roaming Computer [Motorola]EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility + Enhanced Memory Chip + E-Mail Connection + Extended Math CoprocessorEMI Electromagnetic Interference.EML Electronic Mail (file name extension)EMM Expanded Memory ManagerEMR Electro-Magnetic Radiation + Enhanced Metafile RecordEMS Electronic Mail System + Electronic Message Service + Expanded Memory Specification [LIM]EMSAPI Extended Messaging Services Application Programming InterfaceEMWAC European Microsoft Windows NT Academic Centre.ENC Encoded (file name extension)ENDEC Encoder/DecoderENDS Ends SegmentENIAC * Electronic Numerical Integrator Analyzer and Computer (First fully electronic digital computer)ENQ EnquiryENSS Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem [Internet]EOA End Of AddressEOB End Of BlockEOC End Of ConversionEOF End Of File + Enterprise Objects Framework [Next Computer]EOI End Of Interrupt + End Or IdentifyEOJ End Of JobEOL End Of Line + End Of ListEOM End Of MessageEOR Exclusive OR (Also XOR)EOS Earth Observing System [NASA] + End Of StringEOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System [NASA]EOT End Of Table + End Of Tape (marker) + End Of Text + End Of TransmissionEP Electrophotographic EngineEPIC Explicitly Parallel Instruction ComputingEPL Effective Privilege LevelEPLD Electrically Programmable Logic DeviceEPM Enhanced Editor for Presentation Manager [IBM] + Enterprise Process Management [IBM]EPP Enhanced Parallel PortEPROM Electrically Programmable Read Only Memory + Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory.EPS Encapsulated PostScript (file name extension)EPSF Encapsulated PostScript FilesERA Extended Registry Attributes


ERAS Electronic Routing and Approval System [Hughes Aircraft]ERD Emergency Repair DiskERIC Educational Resources Information Center [Internet]ERLL Enhanced Run Length LimitedERMA * Electronic Recording Method, Accounting [General Electric]EROM Erasable Read Only MemoryEROS Earth Resources Observation System [U.S. Geological Survey]ERP Enterprise Resource PlanningERR ErrorER/RC Extended Result/Response CodeERU Emergency Recovery Utility [Microsoft]ES Extra SegmentESA Enterprise Systems Architecture [IBM] + European Space AgencyESC EISA System Component + EscapeESCD Extended System Configuration DataESCM Extended Services Communications Manager [IBM]ESCON Enterprise System Connection (Architecture) [IBM]ESC/P Epson Standard Code for PrintersESD Electronic Software Distribution + Electrostatic DischargeESDI Enhanced Small/System Device InterfaceESDRAM Enhanced SDRAMESF Extended SuperframeESI End System Identifier + Enhanced Serial Interface (specification) [Hayes]ESMR Enhanced Specialized Mobile RadioESN Electronic Security NumberESP Emulation Sensing Processor + Encapsulating Security Payload (header) + Enhanced Serial Port [Hayes] + Enhanced Service Provider + Estimated Selling PriceESR Event Service RoutineESS Electronic Switching SystemESU Electro-Static UnitET Enhancement TechnologyETACS Extended Total Access Communication System [IBM]ETANN Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network (chip) [Intel]ETB End of Transmission BlockETC Electronic Toll Collection + Enhanced Throughput Cellular (modem protocol) [AT&T]ETF Enriched Text FormatETOM Electron-Trapping Optical MemoryETPL Endorsed Tempest Products ListETS Econometric Time SeriesETX End Of TextEU Execution UnitEUC End User Computing + Extended Unix Code [IBM]EUDORA (Named after author of story: "Why I Live at the P.O.", Ms. Eudora Welty)EUI End-User InterfaceEVE Extensible VAX Editor


EVGA Extended Video Graphics Array + Extended Video Graphics AdapterEWAN Emulator Without A Good Name [Internet]EWS Employee Written Software [IBM]ExCA Exchangeable Card Architecture [Intel].EXE Executable (file name extension)EXE2BIN Program used to convert an (.EXE) file to binary format (.COM) fileEXM Enterprise Messaging Exchange [Lotus]EXP ExponentEXT ExternalEXTRN External ReferenceE-ZINE Electronic Magazine

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FAB Computer-Chip Fabrication PlantFAC File Access CodeFAMOS Floating Gate Avalanche MOSFANS Future Air Navigation SystemFAP File Access ProtocolFAPI Family Application Program InterfaceFAQ Frequently Asked QuestionFARNET Federation of American Research Networks [Internet]FASIC Function and Algorithm-Specific Integrated CircuitFAT File Allocation TableFAX Facsimile.FAX Fax (file name extension)FC/AL Fiber Channel/Arbitrated LoopFCB File Control BlockFCC Federal Communications CommissionFCC: File Carbon CopyFCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering and TechnologyFC/EL Fiber Channel/Enhanced LoopFCI Flux Changes per InchFCL Fibre Channel LoopFCR FIFO Control RegisterFCS Fiber Channel Standard + Frame Check SequenceFD Floppy Disk + Floppy Drive + Full DuplexFDC Floppy Disk ControllerFDDI Fiber Digital Device Interface + Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceFDISK Fixed DiskFDM Frequency Division MultiplexingFDMA Frequency Division Multiple AccessFDX Full DuplexFEC Forward Error CorrectionFECN Forward Explicit Congestion NotificationFED Field Emission/Emitter DisplayFEFO First-Ended, First-OutFEP Front End Processor


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FEPI Front End Programming InterfaceFEPROM Flash EPROMFeRAM Ferroelectric RAMFESDK Far East Software Development Kit [Microsoft]FET Field Effect TransistorFF Flip-Flop + Form FeedFFDC First Failure Data Capture [IBM]FFS Fast File SystemFFST First Failure Support Technology [IBM]FFT Fast Fourier Transform + Final Form Text [IBM]FG Floating GateFGREP Fixed Global Regular Expression Print [Unix]FHS Fan Heat-SinkFHSS Frequency-Hopping Spread SpectrumFIF Fractal Image FormatFIFO First-In, First-OutFILO First-In, Last-OutFIP File Processor BufferingFIPS Federal Information Processing StandardFIR Fast Infrared + Finite Impulse Response.FIRM Business or Firm (Domain Name) [Internet]FIRST Forum of Incident Response and Security TeamsFIU Fingerprint Identification Unit [Sony]FIX Federal Internet ExchangeFLA Four Letter AcronymFLC Ferro-electric Liquid CrystalFLD FieldFLL FoxPro Link Library [Microsoft Fox Pro]FLOPS Floating Point Operations Per Second.FLR Folder (file name extension)FMS Forms Management SystemFMT FormatFMV Full Motion VideoFNT FontFOCUS Forum of Control Data UsersFOD Fax On DemandFOG First Osborne GroupFOIRL Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link [IEEE]FOLDOC Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing.FON Font + Phone + Phone Directory (all file name extensions).FOR Fortran source code (file name extension)FORTH (Programming Language)(See HLL)FORTRAN Formula Translator (Programming Language)(See HLL)FOSE Federal Office Systems ExpositionFOSI Format Option Specification InstanceFOSSIL Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard Interface LayerFPC Floating Point CalculationFPCE Floating-Point C Extension (specification)FPGA Field Programmable Gate-ArrayFPLA Field Programmable Logic-ArrayFPM Fast Page ModeFPP Fixed Path Protocol + Floating Point ProcessorFPR Floating-Point RegisterFPS Favorite Picture Selection + Frames Per Second


FPT Forced Perfect TerminationFPU Floating Point UnitFQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name [Internet]FRAD Frame Relay Access Device + Frame Relay Assembler/DisassemblerFRAG Fragment + FragmentationFRAM Ferroelectric Random-Access MemoryFRC Functional Redundancy CheckingFRED Frame Editor + Front-End to DishFRPI Flux Reversals Per Inch.FRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension)FS File SeparatorFSB Front Side BusFSD File System Driver [OS/2]FSE Full Screen EditorFSF Free Software Foundation [Internet]FSK Frequency Shift KeyingFSN Full Service NetworkFSP File Service ProtocolFSR Free System ResourcesFST Flat Square Tube (monitor)F/T Full TimeFTAM File Transfer, Access and Management + File Transfer and Access MethodFTL Flash Transition Layer [Intel]FTM Flat Tension Mask [Zenith]FTP File Transfer Protocol [Internet]FTPD File Transfer Protocol DaemonFTTC Fiber To The CurbFTS Federal Telecommunication SystemFTX Fault Tolerant UnixFUI File Update InformationFUNC FunctionFVT Full Video TranslationFYI For Your Information

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GA General AvailabilityGAAP Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesGAL Generic Array LogicGAPI Gateway Application Programming InterfaceGART Graphics Address Relocation TableGATT Graphics Address Translation TableGb Gigabit (1,024 megabits) + (One Billion Bits of Information)GB Gigabyte (1,024 megabytes) + (One Billion Characters of Information)GCC GNU C-Compiler [Unix]GCCD Glass-Passivated Ceramic Chip DiodeGCR Group Code RecordingGDA Global Data Area


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GDDM Graphics Data Display ManagerGDG Generation Data Group [IBM]GDI Graphical Device InterfaceGDLC Generic Data Link Control [IBM]GDP Graphic Draw PrimitiveGDT Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing + Global Descriptor Table + Graphics Development ToolkitGECOS General Electric Comprehensive Operating SystemGEIS General Electric Information Service (company)GEM Graphics Environment Manager (DRI Program)GENIE General Electric Network for Information ExchangeGEO Geostationary Earth OrbitGEOS Graphic Environment Operating System [Geoworks]GET Get Execute TriggerGFI General Format Identifier + Ground-Fault InterceptorGGP Gateway-Gateway Protocol [Internet]GHZ Gigahertz.GID Topics (file name extension) [Microsoft].GIF Graphics Interchange Format (file name extension)GIGO Garbage In, Garbage OutGII Global Information InfrastructureGILS Government Information Locator ServiceGIMPS Great Internet Mersenne Prime SearchGIS Geographic Information System + Global Information Solutions [AT&T]GIX Global Internet Exchange [Internet]GKS Graphical Kernel SystemGL Graphics LanguageG/L General LedgerGLIS Global Land Information System [US Geological Survey]GLM General Linear ModelsGLOBE Global Learning by Observations to Benefit the Environment [Internet].GLY Glossary (file name extension) [Microsoft Word]GML Generalized Markup LanguageGMP Global Mobile ProfessionalGMR Giant Magneto-ResistiveGMS Global Management System + Global Messaging Service [Novell]GMT Greenwich Mean TimeGND Ground (signal/system)GNN Global Network NavigatorGNU Gnu's Not Unix (operating system)GNOME GNU Network Object Model EnvironmentGOSIP Government Open Systems Interconnection Profile.GOV Governmental (Domain Name) [Internet]GP Gas Plasma + General PurposeGPF General Protection FaultGPI Graphics Programming InterfaceGPIB General Purpose Information/Interface BusGPR General Purpose Register [IBM]GPRC Glass Passivated Rectifier ChipGPS Global Positioning Satellite/System +


Global Product SpecificationGPSS * General Purpose Systems Simulator (language)GRADD Graphics Adapter Device Driver [IBM]GRE Graphics EngineGREP Global Regular Expression Print.GRF Graph (file name extension).GRP Group (file name extension)GS Group SeparatorGSI General Server InterfaceGSM Global Shared Memory + Global System for Mobile-Communications (network)GSNW Gateway Service for NetWare [Microsoft]GSP Generic Server Passer + Global Service ProviderGSTN General Switched Telephone NetworkGTE General Telephone Electronics (corporation)GTL Gunning Transceiver LogicGTO Guide To Operations [IBM]GTP * Geometry Theorem ProverGUI Graphical User InterfaceGUID Globally Unique Identifier + Global Universal IdentifierGVT Global Virtual TimeGW-BASIC Gee Whiz BASIC.gz Compressed file (compressed filename extension - using GNU gzip compression/decompression program) [Unix]GZIP GNU Zip

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.H Header (file name extension) [C]HACMP High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing [IBM]HAL Hard Array Logic + Hardware Abstraction Layer + House-Programmed Array LogicHAL * Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic (computer) [from 1968 movie "2001: A Space Odyssey"]HAP Host Access ProtocolHASP Houston Automatic Spooling Priority (System)HBA Host Bus AdapterHCL Hardware Compatibility ListHCSS High Capacity Storage SystemHCU Home Computer UserHD Hard Disk + High DensityHDA Head Disk AssemblyHDCD High Definition Compatible DigitalHDF Hierarchical Data Format [NCSA]HDI Head to Disk InterferenceHDL Hardware Description LanguageHDLC High-Level Data Link ControlHDM Hardware Device ModuleHDML Handheld Device Markup LanguageHDR HeaderHDSC High Density Signal Carrier [DEC]


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HDSL High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber LineHDSS Holographic Data Storage SystemHDT Host Digital TerminalHDTV High Definition TelevisionHDVD High Definition Volumetric DisplayHDW HardwareHDX Half DuplexHERC HerculesHEX HexadecimalHFC Hybrid Fiber-CoaxialHFS Hierarchical File System [Macintosh]HFT High Function Terminal [IBM]HGA Hercules Graphics AdapterHGCP Hercules Graphics Card PlusHH HourHIF Hyper-G Interchange FormatHIFD High-Density Floppy DiskHIL Human Interface Link [HP]HIMEM High MemoryHIPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHLCO High Low Close OpenHLL High Level LanguageHLLAPI High Level Language Application Programming Interface.HLP Help (file name extension)HLQ High Level QualifierHLS Hue, Luminance, Saturation (color model)HLT HaltHMA High Memory Area [Microsoft] + Hub Management ArchitectureHMD Head Mounted DisplayHMM Hidden Markov ModelHMMP Hyper-Media Management ProtocolHMOS High Density Metal Oxide Semiconductor + High Speed Metal Oxide SemiconductorHMP Host Monitoring ProtocolHOTT Hot Off The Tree (electronic newsletter)HOV High Occupancy VehicleHP Hewlett-Packard (Company)HPC Handheld Personal ComputerHPCC High Performance Computing and CommunicationsHPDJ Hewlett-Packard Desk JetHPFS High-Performance File SystemHPG Hewlett-Packard GraphicsHPGL Hewlett-Packard Graphics LanguageHPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface BusHPLJ Hewlett-Packard Laser JetHPOM Home Page Objecta Model [Microsoft]HPPA Hewlett-Packard Precision ArchitectureHPPI High Performance Parallel InterfaceHPR High Performance Routing [IBM]HPUX Hewlett-Packard UnixHPW High Performance Workstation [Sun].HQX BinHex (file name extension) [Macintosh]HRIS Human Resource Information SystemHRG High Resolution Graphics


HRMS Human Resource Management SystemHRTF Head Related Transfer FunctionHS High SpeedHSB Hue, Saturation, Brightness (color model)HSC Hierarchical Storage Controller + High Speed ChannelHSI Hue, Saturation, IntensityHSM Hierarchical Storage ManagementHSP High Speed Printer/ProcessorHSSI High Speed Serial InterfaceHST High Speed Technology [U.S. Robotics].HST History + Host (file name extensions)HSV Hue Saturation ValueHTML HyperText Markup LanguageHTTP HyperText Transfer ProtocolHTTP-NG HTTP Next GenerationHUD Heads Up DisplayHUT Hopkins Ultraviolet TelescopeH/V Horizontal/VerticalHVP Horizontal & Vertical PositionH/W HardwareHWCP Hardware Code PageHWD Height-Width-Depth.HYP Hyphenation (file name extension)HYTELNET Hypertext-browser for Telnet Accessible SitesHz Hertz

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IAB Internet Architecture BoardIAC Inter-Application Communication [Macintosh]IAG Instruction Address GenerationIAK Internet Access Kit [IBM]IAL * International Algebraic Language (ALGOL was first called IAL)IANA Internet Assigned Numbers AuthorityIAP Internet Access ProviderIAT Import Address TableIAUP Internet User Account ProviderIBC Instrument Bus ComputeriBCS Intel Binary Compatibility SpecificationIBM International Business Machines (Corporation)IBM-GL IBM Graphics LanguageIC Input Circuit + Integrated Circuit + Interrupt ControllerICA Intelligent Console Architecture + Intra-application Communications AreaICAP Internet Calendar Access Protocol [Lotus]ICAS Intel Communicating Applications SpecificationsICB Internet Citizen's BandICCP Institute for the Certification of Computing ProfessionalsICD International Code DesignatorICE In-Circuit Emulator [Intel] +


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Integrated Computing Environment [Langley Research]ICES Interference-Causing Equipment StandardICI Image Component InformationICL Interface ClearICLID Incoming-Call Line IdentificationICM Image Color Matching [Kodak] + Incoming MessageICMP Internet Control Message Protocol [Novell].ICO Icon (file name extension)iCOMP Intel Comparative Microprocessor Performance [Intel]ICP Image Coprocessor + Integrated Channel ProcessorICR Intelligent Character RecognitionICS Intuitive Command StructureICSAPI Internet Connection Services APIICU Instruction-Cache Unit + Intel Configuration Utility [Microsoft] + ISA Configuration UtilityID Identification + IdentifierIDA Integrated Digital Access + Intelligent Disk Array + Intelligent Drive ArrayIDAPI Integrated Database Application Programming InterfaceIDC Integrated Database Connector + Integrated Desktop Connector + Internet Database Connector [Microsoft]IDDE Integrated Development & Debugging Environment [Symantec]IDE Imbedded Drive Electronics + Integrated Development Environment [Borland] + Integrated Drive Electronics + Intelligent Drive Electronics + Interactive Design and Engineering + Interface Design EnhancementIDEA International Data Encryption AlgorithmIDF Intermediate Distribution FrameIDI Initial Domain IdentifierIDIV Integer DivideIDL Interactive Data Language + Interface Definition LanguageIDM Integrated Document ManagementIDMS Integrated Data Base Management SystemIDNX Integrated Digital Network Exchange [IBM]IDP Integrated Data ProcessingIDR Intelligent Document RecognitionIDT Interface Design Tool + Interrupt Descriptor Table.IDX Index (file name extension)IE Internet Explorer [Microsoft]IEC International Electrotechnical CommissionIEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersIEF Information Engineering FacilityIEMSI Interactive Electronic Mail Standard IdentificationIEN Internet Engineering NotesIETF Internet Engineering Task ForceIESG Internet Engineering Steering GroupI/F InterfaceIFC Internet Foundation ClassesIFD Image File Directory


IFF Interchangeable File Format [Amiga]IFG Incoming Fax GatewayIFP Instruction Fetch PipelineIFS Installable File SystemIFSM Information Systems ManagementIGA Integrated Graphics ArrayIGC Integrated Graphics ControllerIGES Initial Graphics Exchange StandardIGFET Insulated-Gate Field Effect TransistorIGMP Internet Group Multicast ProtocolIGP Interior Gateway ProtocolIGRP Interior Gateway Routing Protocol [Cisco]IGS Internet Go ServerIHD Integrated Help Desk [IBM]IHV Independent Hardware VendorIIF Immediate InterfaceIII Interstate Identification Index [NCIC]IIOP Internet Inter-Operability ProtocolIIR Immediate Impulse ResponseIIS Internet Information Server [Microsoft]IITF Information Infrastructure Task ForceIKP Internet Keyed Payments [IBM]ILA Image Light AmplifierILP Instruction-Level ParallelismILS International Language SupportIMACS Image Management and Communication SystemIMAP Internet Message Access ProtocolIMAX Maximum ImageIMDS Image Data Stream (format) [IBM]IME Input Method EditorIMG ImageIML Initial Microcode Load [IBM]IMP Information/Interface Message ProcessorIMPA Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter [DCA]IMR Internet Monthly ReportIMS Information Management System + Intermediate Maintenance StandardsIMSP Internet Message Support ProtocolIMTC International Multimedia Teleconferencing ConsortiumIMTV Interactive Multimedia TelevisionIMUL Integer MultiplyIMUX Inverse MultiplexerIN InputINC Increment.IND Index (file name extension).INF Information (file name extension).INFO Information Services (Domain Name) [Internet]INFS Internet Network File System.INI Initialize (file name extension)INIT Initialization + InitializeINM Integrated Network ManagementINND Internet News DaemonINS Input String + Integrated Network ServerINT Integer + Internal + Interrupt + International (organization Domain name) [Internet]


INTA Interrupt AcknowledgeInterNIC Internet Network Information CenterINTO Interrupt if Overflow occursI2O Intelligent Input/OutputI/O Input/OutputIOC Inter-Office ChannelIOCC Input/Output Channel Converter + Input/Output Controller ChipIOCS Input/Output Control SystemIOCTL Input/Output ControlIODE Integrated Development and Debugging Environment [Symantec]IOP Input/Output ProcessorIOPL Input/Output Privilege LevelIOR Interoperable Object ReferenceIOSGA Input/Output Support Gate ArrayIP Instruction Pointer + Internet ProtocolIPBF Installed Peripheral Base FlexibilityIPC Instructions Per Clock + Interprocess CommunicationIPCP Internet Protocol Control ProtocolIPDS IBM Personal Dictation System [IBM] + Intelligent Printer Data Stream [IBM]IPFC Information Presentation Facility Compiler [IBM]IPI Intelligent Peripheral InterfaceIPL Initial Program Load/Loader + Ion Projection LithographyIPL * Information Programming LanguageIPM Images Per Minute + Interpersonal MessageIPMI Intelligent Platform Management InterfaceIPng Internet Protocol, next generationIPSE Integrated Project Support EnvironmentIPTC International Press Telecommunications CouncilIPX Internetwork Packet Exchange [Novell]IQL Interactive Query LanguageIR InfraredIRC Internet Relay ChatIRD Integrated Receiver/DescramblerIRDA Infrared Data AssociationIRDS Information Resource Dictionary SystemIRET Interrupt ReturnIRF Intermediate Routing Function + Inheritance Rights Filter [Novell]IRL Interactive Reader Language + Inter-Repeater LinkIRLAP Infrared Link Access ProtocolIRLED Infrared Light Emitting DiodeIRM Information Resource Management + Inherent Rights MaskIRQ Interrupt RequestIRTF Internet Research Task ForceIRX Information Retrieval ExperimentIS Information System + Interrupt StatusISA Industry Standard Architecture + Instruction-Set ArchitectureISAM Indexed Sequential-Access Management/MethodISAPI Internet Server API [Microsoft]ISBN International Standard Book Number


ISC Instruction Set Computer + Inter-Systems Communication [IBM]ISD Image Section Descriptor + Instructional Systems DesignISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkISH Information Super HighwayISI Internally Specified IndexISIS Integrated Systems and Information ServicesISKM Internet Starter Kit for the MacintoshISL Interactive System LanguageISM Integrated Services Model [IETF] + Internet Service Manager [Microsoft]ISMF Interactive Storage Management FacilityISOC Internet SocietyISO International Organization for StandardizationISP Internet Service Provider + Interrupt Stack Pointer + Interrupt Status PortISPF Interactive System Programming FacilityISR Information Storage and Retrieval + Interrupt Service Routine + Interrupt Status RegisterISSN International Standard Serial NumberISV Independent Software VendorIT Information TechnologyITB Information Technology Branch + Intermediate Text BlockITC International Typeface CorporationITE Information Technology EquipmentITF Interactive Test FacilityITN Identification Tasking and NetworkingITR Internet Talk RadioITU International Telecommunication UnionITUG International Telecommunications User GroupITU-TIES ITU-Telecom Information Exchange ServicesITU-TSS ITU-Telecommunication Standards SectionITV Interactive TelevisionITX Intermediate Text BlockIU Integer UnitIUAP Internet User Account ProviderIUS/ITB Interchange Unit Separator/Intermediate Transmission BlockIVDS Integrated Voice and Data SystemsIVIS Interactive Video Information SystemIVL Independent Vendor League + Intel Verification LabIVR Interactive Voice ResponseIVS Interactive Videodisk SystemIVT Interrupt Vector TableIV&V Independent Verification & ValidationI-WAY Information HighwayIXC Interexchange Carrier

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JA Jump Address + Jump if AboveJAD Joint Application DesignJAE Jump if Above or EqualJANET Joint Academic NetworkJAR Java Archive (file format)JBE Jump if Below or EqualJC Jump if Carry setJCL Job Control LanguageJDBC Java Database ConnectivityJDK Java Development KitJE Jump if EqualJEDEC Joint Electronic Devices Engineering CouncilJEIDA Japanese Electronics Industry Development AssociationJEPI Joint Electronic Payment InitiativeJES Job Entry SystemJFC Java Foundation ClassesJFET Junction Field Effect TransistorJFIF JPEG File Interchange FormatJFS Journaled File System [IBM]JG Jump if GreaterJGE Jump if Greater or EqualJIPS JANET Internet Protocol ServiceJIT Just-In-Time (compiler)JL Jump if LessJLE Jump if Less than or Equal toJLIP Joint Level Interface ProtocolJMAPI Java Management Application Program InterfaceJMF Java Media Framework [Sun]JMP JumpJMS Java Message ServiceJNA Jump if Not AboveJNAE Jump if Not Above or EqualJNB Jump if Not BelowJNBE Jump if Not Below or EqualJNG Jump if Not GreaterJNGE Jump if Not Greater or EqualJNI Java Native Interface.JNK Junk (file name extension)JNLE Jump if Not Less or EqualJNO Jump if No OverflowJNP Jump if No ParityJNS Jump if No SignJOE Java Objects EverywhereJOHNNIAC* John Neumann Integrator and Automatic Computer [Rand Corp.]JOSS * Johnniac Open Shop System [Rand Corp.]JPE Jump if Parity EvenJPEG Joint Photographic Experts GroupJPL Jet Propulsion LaboratoryJPO Jump if Parity OddJRE Java Runtime EnvironmentJS Jump if SignJTAPI Java Telephony Application Programming InterfaceJZ Jump if ZeroJNZ Jump if Not Zero


JSS Java-Script Style SheetJUGHEAD Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation and Display [Internet]JVM Java Virtual Machine

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K-12 Kindergarten through 12th Grade [US Education System]KAM Keep Alive MemoryKb KilobitKB Keyboard + Kilobyte (1,024 bytes)KBD Keyboard (also KEYB)KBD$ Keyboard [OS/2]KBE Knowledge Based EngineeringKbps Kilobits Per SecondKBps Kilobytes Per SecondKDT Key Definition TableKEFIR Key Findings Reporter [GTE]KEYBBE Foreign language KEYBoard program - BelgiumKEYBBR Foreign language KEYBoard program - BrazilKEYBCF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Canadian-FrenchKEYBCZ Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia(Czech)KEYBDK Foreign language KEYBoard program - DenmarkKEYBFR Foreign language KEYBoard program - FranceKEYBGR Foreign language KEYBoard program - GermanyKEYBHU Foreign language KEYBoard program - HungaryKEYBIT Foreign language KEYBoard program - ItalyKEYBLA Foreign language KEYBoard program - Latin AmericaKEYBNL Foreign language KEYBoard program - NetherlandsKEYBNO Foreign language KEYBoard program - NorwayKEYBPL Foreign language KEYBoard program - PolandKEYBPO Foreign language KEYBoard program - PortugalKEYBSF Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-FrenchKEYBSG Foreign language KEYBoard program - Swiss-GermanKEYBSL Foreign language KEYBoard program - Czechoslovakia(Slovak)KEYBSP Foreign language KEYBoard program - SpainKEYBSU Foreign language KEYBoard program - FinlandKEYBSV Foreign language KEYBoard program - SwedenKEYBUK Foreign language KEYBoard program - United KingdomKEYBUS Foreign language KEYBoard program - United StatesKEYBYU Foreign language KEYBoard program - YugoslaviaKHz KilohertzKIF Knowledge Interchange FormatKIS Knowbot Information Service [Internet]KPI Kernel Programming InterfaceKQML Knowledge Query and Manipulation LanguageKSH Korn Shell (program) [Unix]KSPH Keystrokes Per HourKSR Keyboard Send ReceiveKRS Knowledge Retrieval System


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L2F Layer Two Forwarding [Cisco]L2TP Layer Two Tunneling ProtocolLADDR Layered Device Driver Architecture [Microsoft]LALL Longest Allowed Lobe LengthLAN Local Area NetworkLANACS Local Area Network Asynchronous Connection ServerLANDP LAN Distributed PlatformLANE Local Area Network EmulationLANG LanguageLAPB Link Access Procedure Balanced (protocol)LAPD Link Access Procedure on the D-Channel (protocol)LAPM Link Access Procedure for ModemsLAR Load Access RightsLASER Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of RadiationLASTport Local Area Storage Transport (protocol) [DEC]LAT Local Access Terminal + Local Area Transport [DEC]LATA Local Access and Transport AreaLAVC Local Area VAX ClusterLAWN Local Area Wireless NetworkLB Left Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse)LBA Logical Block AddressingLBL LabelLBR Librarian.LBR Library (file name extension)LBT Listen Before TalkLBX Local Bus AcceleratorLCA Lotus Communications Architecture [Lotus]LCC Leadless Chip CarrierLCD Liquid Crystal Display + Lowest Common DenominatorLCF Low Cost FiberLCK Library Construction Kit [Microsoft FoxPro]LCP Link Control ProtocolLCR Least Cost Routing + Line Control RegisterLCSD Laminate Chip Signal DiodeLCU Last Cluster UsedLDA Logical Device AddressLDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol [IBM]LDC Lotus Development CorporationLDDS Long Distance Discount Services (company)LDM Long Distance ModemLDT Local Descriptor TableLE Less or EqualLEA Load Effective AddressLEAF Law Enforcement Access FieldLEC Local Area Network Emulation Client + Local Exchange CarrierLED Light Emitting DiodeLEL Link, Embed and Launch-to-edit [Lotus]


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LEM Language Extension ModuleLEN Low Entry NetworkingLEO Low Earth OrbitLES Local Area Network Emulation Server.LET Letter (file name extension)LEX LexiconLF Line FeedLFAP Lightweight Flow Admission ProtocolLFI Last File IndicatorLFN Long File NameLFT Low Function Terminal [IBM]LFU Least Frequently UsedLGA Leadless Grid ArrayLGDT Load Global Descriptor TableLIAS Library Information Access System.LIB Library (file name extension)LIC Line Interface Coupler [IBM]LICS Lotus International Character Set [LDC]LIDT Load Interrupt Descriptor TableLIEP Large Internet Exchange Packet [Novell]LIF Low Insertion ForceLIFO Last In, First OutLILO Last In, Last OutLIM Lotus/Intel/MicrosoftLIMA Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/ASTLIMDO Light Intensity Modulation Direct OverwriteLIMM Light Intensity Modulation MethodLIMS Library Information Management SystemLINUX (Operating system named after Linus Torvalds)LIP Large Internet PacketLIPS Lightweight Internet Person Schema + Logical Inferences Per SecondLISP List Processing (Language)(See HLL)LISTSERV List Server [Internet]LIU LAN Interface UnitLIW Long Instruction WordLLC Logical Link ControlLLDT Load Local Descriptor TableLLF Low Level FormatLMB Left Mouse ButtonLMBCS Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set [Lotus]LMD Last Modification DateLMDS Local Multipoint Distribution ServiceLMI Link/Local Management InterfaceLMS Lotus Messaging Switch [Lotus]LMSW Load Machine Status WordLMU LAN Management Utilities [IBM] + LAN Manager for UnixLN Load Number + Logarithm (Natural)LN:DI Lotus Notes:Document ImagingLNK LinkLOB Line of BusinessLOC Lines Of Code + Loop On-Line ControlLOCIS Library of Congress Information SystemLOD Level Of Detail


LODSB Load String ByteLOG Logarithm (Base 10)LOGO (Programming Language)(See HLL)LON Local Operating NetworkLOOPE Loop while EqualLOOPNE Loop while Not EqualLOOPNZ Loop while Not ZeroLOOPZ Loop while ZeroLORE Line Oriented EditorLPAR Logic Programming and Automated ReasoningLPC Local Procedure CallLPD Line Printer Daemon (protocol) [Berkley]LPI Lines Per InchLPL Lotus Programming Language [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]LPM Lines Per MinuteLPN Logical Page NumberLPR Line Printer RemoteLPS Low-Power SchottkyLPT Line PrinterLPT1 First Parallel Printer PortLPT2 Second Parallel Printer PortLPT3 Third Parallel Printer PortLQ Letter QualityLQM Link Quality Monitoring (protocol)LR Link RegisterLRC Local Register Cache + Longitudinal Redundancy CheckLRL Least Recently LoadedLRM Language Reference Manual + Least Recently-Used Master.LRS Language Resource (file name extension) [WordPerfect]LRU Least Recently UsedLSA LAN and SCSI Adapter [IBM] + Line Sharing Adapter + Local Security Authority [Microsoft]LSAPI License Services Application Program InterfaceLSB Least Significant BitLSC Least Significant CharacterLSD Least Significant DigitLSI Large Scale IntegrationLSL Link Support Layer + Load Segment LimitLST List.LST List (file name extension)LTR Left-To-Right + Letter + Load Task RegisterLU Logical Unit (Also LUN)LUA Logical Unit Application (interface)LUI Local User InputLUIS Library User Information ServiceLUN Logical Unit NumberLUT Lookup TableLV Logical Volume [IBM]LVDS Low-Voltage Differential SignalingLVM Logical Volume Management [IBM]LW Lazy Write.LYR Lyrics (music file name extension)LZW Lempel-Ziv-Welch (algorithm)


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mA MilliampereMac Macintosh (Apple Macintosh Computer)MAC Media/Medium Access Control + Message Authentication CodeMAC * Multiple Access Computers.MAC MacPaint (file name extension) + Macro (file name extension)MACH Multilayer Actuator Head [Epson]MADE Manufacturing and Automated Design EngineeringMADYMO Mathematical Dynamic Modeling [TNO]MAE Metropolitan Area EthernetMAGMA Minimal Architecture for Generalized Markup ApplicationsmAh Milliampere-HourMAI Multiple Applications Interface.MAI Mail (file name extension)MAN Manual [Unix] + Metropolitan Area NetworkMSC Management Systems Consulting, Inc.MANIAC * Mathematical Analyzer Numerical Integrator and ComputerMANPAGE Manual Page [Unix]MAP Maintenance Analysis Procedures + Manufacturing Automation Protocol + Memory Allocation Map.MAP Linker Map (file name extension)MAPI Mail/Messaging Applications Programming Interface [Microsoft]MAPICS Manufacturing, Accounting and Production Information Control System [IBM]MARC Machine Readable Cataloging + Multi-Technology Automated Reader CardMARVEL Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library [Library of Congress]MASM Macro Assembler [Microsoft]MASS Maximum Availability and Support Subsystem [Parallan]MAT Maintenance Access TerminalMAU Media Access/Adapter Unit + Multistation Access UnitMAVDM Multiple Application VDMMAX MaximumMB Megabyte (1,024 kilobytes) + Middle Button (of 3 button Mouse)MBASIC Microsoft BASIC [Microsoft]MBCS Multi-Byte Character Set [IBM]MBONE Multicast Backbone [Internet]MBps Megabytes Per SecondMbps Megabits Per SecondMBR Master Boot RecordMBX MailboxMCA Micro Channel Adapter/Architecture [IBM]

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MCAD Mechanical Computer Aided DesignMCB Memory Control BlockMCF Meta Content FrameworkMCGA Multicolor Graphics ArrayMCI MCI Communications Corp. (name from initials of original company - Microwave Communications, Inc.) + Media Control Interface [Microsoft]MCL Microsoft Compatibility Labs [Microsoft]MCM Multi-Chip ModuleMCNE Master Certified Novell Engineer [Novell]MC-PGA Metallized Ceramic - Pin Grid ArrayMCPS Microsoft Certified Product Specialist [Microsoft]MC-QFP Metallized Ceramic - Quad Flat PackMCR Modem Control RegisterMCSE Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer [Microsoft]MCU Microcontroller Unit + Multi-Chip Unit [DEC] + Multipoint Control UnitMD Make Directory + Mini Disk [Sony] + Monochrome DisplayMDA Monochrome Display Adapter + Multidimensional AnalysisMDDBMS Multidimensional Data Base Management System.MDF Menu Definition File (file name extension)MDI Memory Display Interface + Multiple Document InterfaceMDIC Manchester Decoder and Interface Chip [AT&T]MDK Multimedia Developers Kit [Microsoft]MDLP Mobile Data Link ProtocolMDR Minimum Design RequirementMDY Month Day Year.ME Opening Information (file name extension) (As in READ.ME)MEB Memory Expansion BoardMEG MegabyteMEM Memory.MEN Menu (file name extension)MERCI Multimedia European Research Conferencing IntegrationMES Manufacturing Execution SystemMESI Modified, Exclusive, Shared and Invalid (protocol)MET Memory Enhancement Technology [Hewlett-Packard].MET Metafile (file name extension)MFC Microsoft Foundation Class [Microsoft]MFFS Microsoft Flash File System [Microsoft]MFI Multifunction InterpreterMFLOPS Million Floating Point Operations Per SecondMFM Modified Frequency ModulationMFP Multi-Function Peripheral/ProductMFPI Multifunction Peripheral InterfaceMFS Macintosh File System [Macintosh] + Magnetic Tape Field Search + Memory File System Modified Filing System [Revelation Technologies]MFT Master File Table + Multiprogramming with a Fixed number of TasksMGA Monochrome Graphics AdapterMGE Modular GIS EnvironmentMGET Multiple Get [Unix]MGML Minimal Generalized Markup Language


MGR ManagerMHS Message Handling Service + Message Handling SystemMHz MegahertzMI Management InterfaceMIB Management Information BaseMICR Magnetic Ink Character RecognitionMICRO One-millionthMICS Macro Interpretive CommandsMIDI Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMIF Management Information Format.MIF Management Information Files (file name extension)MIG Metal In GapMII Microsoft/IBM/IntelMIL Machine Interface Layer [Go Corporation] +.MIL Military (Domain name) [Internet]MIM Metal-Insulator-Metal (screen)MIMD Multiple Instruction Multiple Data Stream (processor)MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension [Internet]MI/MIC Mode Indicate/Mode Indicate CommonMIN Minimum + Mobile Identification NumberMIND Microsoft Internet Developer [Microsoft]MINUET Minnesota Internet Users Essential Tools [Internet]MIPS Million Instructions Per SecondMIS Management Information System + Multimedia Information Sources [Internet]MISC MiscellaneousMIX Member Information ExchangeMKDIR Make DirectoryML Machine Language + Meta LanguageMLAPI Multilingual Application Programming InterfaceMLC Multilayer Ceramic + Multilevel Cell (program) [Internet]MLE Multi-Line EditorMLID Multi-Link Interface DriverMLM Mailing List Manager [Internet]MLPPP Multilink PPPMM Minutes + MonthMMA Microcomputer Managers AssociationMMC Matched Memory Cycle + Microcomputer Marketing Council + Microsoft Management Console [Microsoft]MMCD MultiMedia Compact DiskMMCX Multimedia Communication Exchange [Lucent Technologies]MMI Man-Machine InterfaceMMIS Materials Manager Information SystemMMPM Multi Media Presentation ManagerMMU Memory Management UnitMMVF Multimedia Video File [NEC]MMX Matrix Manipulation Extensions [Intel] + Multimedia ExtensionsMNOS Metal Nitride Oxide SemiconductorMNP Microcom Networking Protocol [Microcom].MNU Menu (fine name extension)MO Magneto-Optical (disk drive)MOB Memory-Order BufferMOBO Mother Board


MOD Module + ModulusMODEM Modulator DemodulatorMOHLL Machine Oriented High Level LanguageMOLAP Multidimensional On-Line Analytical ProcessingMOM Manufacturing Operations Management + Message-Oriented Middleware + Microsoft Office Manager [Microsoft]MONET Multiwavelength Optical NetworkingMONO MonauralMOO MUD, Object Oriented [Internet]MOP Maintenance Operations ProtocolMOPS Million Operations Per SecondMOS Magneto-Optic Storage + Mean Opinion Score + Metal Oxide SemiconductorMOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect TransistorMOTD Message Of The DayMOV Metal Oxide Varistor + MoveMOVS Move StringMP Massively Parallel (processing) + Multiple ProcessorsMPC Multimedia Personal Computer + Multipath ChannelMPCS Mission Planning and Control Station (Software)MPE Multiple Programming Executive [HP]MPEG Motion Picture Experts GroupMPI Message Passing Interface + Multiprecision IntegerMPM Message Passing Library [IBM]MPMD Multiple Processor/Multiple DataMPOA Multi-Protocol over Asynchronous-Transfer-ModeMPP Massively Parallel Processing + Message Posting Protocol + Message Processing ProgramMPQP Multi-Protocol Quad Port [IBM]MPR Multipart Repeater + Multi Protocol Router [Novell]MPS Multiprocessor SpecificationMPTN Multi-Protocol Transport NetworkMPTS Multi-Protocol Transport ServicesMPU Microprocessor UnitMQI Message Queue InterfaceMR Magneto Resistive + Modem ReadyMRCF Microsoft Realtime Compression FormatMRCI Microsoft Realtime Compression InterfaceMRI Magnetic Resonance ImagingMRM Most Recently-Used MasterMRO Multi-Region OperationMRP Materials Requirement PlanningMRPL Main Ring Path LengthMRS Media Recognition SystemMRT Mean Repair TimeMRU Maximum Receive UnitMS Memory System + Message Store + Microsecond + Microsoft Corporation + MillisecondMSACM Microsoft Audio Compression Manager [Microsoft]MSAU Multi-Station Access UnitMSAV Microsoft Anti Virus [Microsoft]MSB Most Significant BitMSBF Mean Swaps Between FailuresMSCDEX Microsoft Compact Disc Extensions [Microsoft]


MSCHAP Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol [Microsoft]MSD Mass Storage Device + Most Significant Digit + Microsoft System Diagnostics [Microsoft]MSDN Microsoft Developer Network [Microsoft]MS-DOS Microsoft - Disk Operating System [Microsoft]MSDR Multiplexed Streaming Data RequestMSDS Microsoft Developer Support [Microsoft]MSFR Minimum Security Function Requirements [IBM]MSG Message.MSG Program Message (file name extension)MSI Medium Scale IntegrationMSIE Microsoft Internet Explorer [Microsoft]MSL Map Specification Library + Mirrored Server LinkMSMQ Microsoft Message Queue-Server [Microsoft]MSN Microsoft Network [Microsoft]MSO Multiple-Systems Operator.MSP Microsoft Paint (file name extension) [Microsoft]MSRP Manufacturer Suggested Retail PriceMSS Mass Storage System + Multiprotocol Switched Services [IBM]MSTS Microsoft Terminal Server [Microsoft]MSW Machine Status WordMTA Message Transfer Agent + Multiple Terminal AccessMTBB Mean Time Between BreakdownsMTBF Mean Time Between FailuresMTBJ Mean Time Between JamsMTF Microsoft Tape Format [Microsoft] + Modulation Transfer FunctionMTRP Maximum Transfer Rate PerformanceMTS Message Transfer Service/System + Microsoft Transaction Server [Microsoft] + Multichannel Television SoundMTT Multi-Transaction TimerMTTD Mean Time To DiagnoseMTTF Mean Time To FailureMTTR Mean Time To RepairMTU Maximum Transmission UnitMUA Mail User AgentMUD Multi-User Dialogue/Dimension/Domain/Dungeon [Internet]MUL MultiplyMULTICS Multiplexed Information and Computing ServiceMUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital Utility Multi-Programming System (Programming Language)MUSE Multi-User Shared EnvironmentMUT Monitor Under TestMUX MultiplexerMV MillivoltMVB Multimedia Viewer BookMVC Multimedia Viewer CompilerMVDM Multiple Virtual DOS MachinesMVGA Monochrome Video Graphics ArrayMVIP Multi-Vendor Integration ProtocolMVP Multimedia Video ProcessorMVS Multiple Virtual Storage


MVT Multiprogramming with a Variable number of TasksMX Mail Exchanger [Internet]MXS Microsoft Exchange Server [Microsoft]MZR Multiple Zone Recording

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NAC Network Adapter CardNACD National Association of Computer DealersNACS National Advisory Committee on SemiconductorsNAE Not Above or EqualNAK Negative AcknowledgmentNAM Number Assignment ModuleNAMPS Narrow-Band Analog Mobile Phone Service [Motorola]NAND Not AndNANO One thousand-millionthNAP Network Access PointNAPLPS North American Presentation Level Protocol Syntax (graphics)NAS Network Access Server + Network Application Support [DEC]NASA National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic QuotationNASI NetWare Asynchronous Services Interface [Novell]NASIRC NASA Automated Systems Internet Response CapabilityNASKER NASA Ames Kernel (benchmark)NAT Network Address TranslatorsNAU Network Addressable UnitNAWS Negotiate About Window SizeNBE Not Below or EqualNBI Nothing But InitialsNBS Narrowband Socket + National Bureau of Standards + Numeric BackspaceNC Network Computer + No Carry + Numerical ControlNCA Network Communications Adapter + Network Computing Architecture [Oracle]NCC Network Control CenterNCD Network Computing Device.NCF Netware Command File [Novell]NCGA National Computer Graphics AssociationNCIC National Crime Information CenterNCMT * Numerical Control for Machine ToolsNCOS Network Computer Operating SystemNCP NetWare Core Protocol + Not Copy Protected + Network Control Processor/Program/ProtocolNCR National Cash Register (Company)NCSA National Center for Supercomputing ApplicationsNCSC National Computer Security CenterNCSI Network Communications Services Interface [Network Products Corp.]NDB Non-Directional BeaconNDDK Network Device Development Kid [Microsoft]


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NDEF Not to be DefinedNDIS Network Device/Driver Interface SpecificationNDL Network Data LanguageNDN Non-Delivery NoticeNDP Numeric Data ProcessorNDR Network Data RepresentationNDRO Non-Destructive Read OutNDS NetWare Directory Service [Novell].NDX Index (file name extension)NEC Nippon Electric CompanyNED NASA Extragalactic Database [NASA]NEG Negative + NegateNEMA National Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEP Network Entry PointNES National Education SupercomputerNEST Novell Embedded Systems Technology [Novell].NET Networks (Domain Name) [Internet]NetBIOS Network Basic Input/Output System [IBM]NetBEUI NetBIOS Extended User Interface [IBM]NETMON Network Monitor.NEW New Information (file name extension)NEWS NetWare Early Warning System [Frye Computer] + Network Extensible Window SystemNEWS. Current events [USENET Newsgroup Category]NEXT Near-End CrosstalkNFF No Fault FoundNFS Network File System [Sun]NG No GoodNGE Not Greater or EqualNGI Next-Generation InternetNHC National Hurricane CenterNHR National Handwriting RecognitionNHRP Next Hop Resolution ProtocolN/I Non-InterlacedNIA Next Instruction AddressNIC Network Information Center [Internet] + Network Interface Card + Numeric Intensive ComputingNICAD Nickel-CadmiumNICOLAS Network Information Center OnLine Aid System [NASA]NID New Interactive Display [NEC] + Next IDNII National Information InfrastructureNIM Network Installation Management [IBM]NIMH Nickel-Metal HydrideNIO Native Input/OutputNIPS Network I/Os Per SecondNIR Network Information RetrievalNIS Network Information Service [Unix]N-ISDN Narrowband ISDN + National ISDNNISO National Information Standards OrganizationNISP Networked Information Services ProjectNIST National Institute for Standards and TechnologyNITC National Information Technology CenterNIU Network Interface UnitNJE Network Job Entry (protocol) [IBM]


NL New LineNLE Not Less or EqualNLM NetWare Loadable Module [Netware]NLP Natural-Language ProcessingNLQ Near Letter QualityNLSFUNC National Language Support FunctionNLV National Language Version [IBM]NMI Non-Maskable InterruptNMM NetWare Management Map [NetWare]NMOS Negative Channel Metal-Oxide SemiconductorNMP Network Management Protocol [AT&T]NMS Network Management System [Novell]NN Network Node + No News [Internet]NNI Network to Network InterfaceNNM Network Node ManagerNNTP Network News Transfer Protocol [Internet]NOC Network Operations Center.NOM Individual with Personal Site (Domain Name) [Internet]NOP No OperationNOPAC Network OPACNOR Not OrNOS Network Operating SystemNPA Network Printer Alliance + Numbering Plan AreaNPI Network Printer InterfaceNPL Nonprocedural LanguageNPS Novell Productivity Specialist [Novell]NPTN National Public Telecomputing NetworkNPU Natural Processing UnitNPX Numeric Processor ExtensionNQS Network Queuing System [Cray]NRC National Research Council (Canada)NREN National Research and Education NetworkNRM Network Resource ManagerNRZ Not Return to ZeroNRZI Non Return to Zero InvertedNS Nanosecond (one-billionth of a second) + National Semiconductor (as in Ns16550 UART) + Network Supervisor + Non StopNSAP Network Service Access PointNSAPI Netscape Server API [Netscape]NSA POLY National Security Agency PolygraphNSERC National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada)NSF National Science FoundationNSFNET National Science Foundation NetworkNSI NASA Science InternetNSLOOKUP Name Server Lookup [Unix]NSM Netscape Server Manager [Netscape]NSP Native Signal Processing [Intel] + Network Service ProviderNSSC NASA Standard Spacecraft ComputerNSTC National Science and Technology CouncilNSTL National Software Testing LabsNT New Technology [Microsoft]NT-1 Network Terminator Type 1


NTAS NT Advanced Server [Microsoft]NTF No Trouble FoundNTFS New Technology File System [Microsoft]NTIA National Telecommunications and Information AdministrationNTIS National Technical Information ServiceNTP Network Time ProtocolNTRAS NT Remote Access Services [Microsoft]NTSA NetWare Telephony Services Architecture [Novell]NTSC National Television Standards CommitteeNTU Network Termination UnitNUI Network User Identification + Network User Interface + Notebook User Interface [Go Corporation]NUL Null + (dummy device) + (no device)NUMA Non-Uniform Memory AccessNV No OverflowNVM Non-Volatile MemoryNVOD Near-Video On DemandNVP Nominal Velocity of PropagationNVRAM Non-Volatile Random Access MemoryNVT Network Virtual Terminal + Novell Virtual Terminal [Novell]NWS NetWare Web Server [Netware]NYM Anonymous

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OAB One-to-All BroadcastOAD Open Architecture Driver [Bernoulli]OAG Official Airline Guide + Online Air GuideOAI Open Applications InterfaceOAS One-to-All ScatterOBD On Board DiagnosticsOBEX Object Exchange [Borland]OBJ ObjectOC Optical CarrierOCE Open Collaborative Environment [Apple]OCF Objects Components Framework [Borland]OCL Operation Control Language + Operator Control LanguageOCR Optical Character RecognitionOCS On-Card SequencerOCX OLE Custom ControlODA Open Document ArchitectureODAPI Open Database Application Programming Interface [Borland]ODBC Object-Oriented Database Connectivity + Open Data Base Connectivity [Microsoft]ODBMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see OODMS)ODI Open Datalink Interface [Novell] + Open Device Interconnect [NetWare]


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ODIF Open Document Interchange FormatODL Object Definition LanguageODM Object Data Manager [IBM] + Optimized Distribution Model [Compaq]ODMA Open Document Management APIODP Open Distributed ProcessingODS Open Data Services [Microsoft] + Operational Data StoreODSI Open Directory Service Interface [Microsoft]ODT Open DesktopOEM Original Equipment ManufacturerOEP Operand Execution PipelineOF Overflow FlagOFB Output Feedback (mode)OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division MultiplexingOFMT Output Format for NumbersOFS Object File System [Microsoft] + Output Field SeparatorOFX Open Financial ExchangeOH Off HookOIDL Object Interface Definition LanguageOIS Office Information SystemOLAP On-Line Analytical ProcessingOLCP On-Line Complex Processing.OLD Old version (file name extension)OLE Object Linking and Embedding [Microsoft]OLGA On-Line Guitar ArchiveOLI Optical Line Interface [AT&T]OLMC Output Logic MacrocellOLSP On-Line Service ProviderOLTP On-Line Transaction ProcessingOM Object ManagerOMA Object Management Architecture [Microsoft]OME Open Messaging Environment (protocol)OMF Object Module Format [Microsoft] + Open Media Framework + Open Message FormatOMG Object Management GroupOMI Open Messaging Interface [Lotus]OML Object Manipulation LanguageOMNS Open Network Management SystemOMR Optical Mark RecognitionONC Open Network Computing [Sun]ONDS Open Network Distribution Services [IBM]ONE Open Network Environment [Netscape]ONU Optical Network UnitOOB Out Of BandOODB Object-Oriented DatabaseOODMS Object-Oriented Database Management System (also see ODBMS)OOL Object-Oriented LanguageOOOS Object-Oriented Operating SystemOOPL Object-Oriented Programming LanguageOOPS Object Oriented Programming and SystemsOOS Object-Oriented Systems + Off-line Operating SimulatorOOT Object-Oriented Technology


OOUI Object Oriented User InterfaceOP Operation + Optical + OutputOPAC Online Public Access Catalog [Internet]OPC Organic/Optical PhotoconductorOPCODE Operational CodeOPD OperandOPI Open Prepress InterfaceOPM Operations Per MinuteOPS Open Profiling Standard + OperationsOPT Open Protocol Technology.OPT Options (file name extension)OPUS Octal Program Updating SystemOQL Object Query LanguageORACLE On-Line Inquiry and Report Generator (UNIX DB program)ORB Object Request Broker [Microsoft]ORDVAC * Ordnance Variable Automatic Computer.ORG Non-Profit Organizations (Domain name) [Internet]ORI Online Retrieval Interface.ORI Original (file name extension)OROM Optical Read-Only MemoryORS Output Record SeparatorOS Operating SystemOS/2 Operating System/2 [IBM]OSA Open Scripting/System ArchitectureOSD Open Software Description/DistributionOSE Office Server Extensions [Microsoft]OS/E Operating System/EnvironmentOSF Open Software FoundationOSI Open Systems InterconnectionOSM Off-Screen ModelOSP On-Screen Programming + Optical Storage ProcessorOSPF Open Shortest Path FirstOSQL Object Structured Query LanguageOSR2 OEM Service Release 2 [Microsoft]OT Object TechnologyOTA Operation-Triggered ArchitectureOTDR Optical Time Domain ReflectometerOTF Open Token FoundationOTP One-Time ProgrammableOUI Organizationally Unique IdentifierOURS Open Users Recommended Solutions.OUT Outlines (file name extension)OUTS Output StringOV OverflowOVAL Object-Based Virtual Application Language [Psion].OVL Program Overlay (file name extension).OVR Program Overlay (file name extension)OWL Object/Open Windows Library [Borland]

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P3P Platform for Privacy Preferences Project


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PAB Personal Address BookPABX Private Automatic Branch ExchangePACE Priority Access Control Enabled [3Com]PACS Picture Archiving and Communication SystemPACS-L Public Access Computer Systems List [Internet]PAD Packet Assembler/DisassemblerPADS Pen Application Development System [Slate Corporation]PAIH Public-Access Internet Host [Internet]PAIS Public-Access Internet Site [Internet].PAK Packed (compressed file name extension) [NoGate Consulting]PAL Paradox Applications Language [Borland] + Phase Alternating Line + Programmed Array Logic + Programming Assembly Language.PAL Palette (file name extension)PALC Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal (display)PALS Principles of the Alphabet Literacy SystemPAM Pulse Amplitude ModulationPAN Personal Area Network [GTE]PAP Packet-level Procedure + Password Authentication Protocol + Printer Access ProtocolPAR Personal Animation Recorder + ParallelPARA ParagraphPARC Palo Alto Research Center [XEROX]PA-RISC Precision Architecture-RISC [HP].PAS PASCAL source code (file name extension)PASCAL (Programming Language named for Blaise Pascal).PAT Patch + Pattern (file name extensions)PATN Promotional Port Access Telephone NumberPAX Portable Archive Exchange [Unix]PB Petabyte (1,024 terabytes) (One Million Billion characters of information)PBA Printed Board AssemblyPBE Prompt By ExamplePBGA Plastic Ball Grid ArrayPBX Private Branch ExchangePC Personal Computer + Printed Circuit + Program CounterPCACIAS Personal Computer Automated Calibration Interval Analysis SystemPCB Printed Circuit Board + Program Control BlockPCBC Plain/Propagating Cipher Block ChainingPCD Photo Compact DiskPC-DOS Personal Computer - Disk Operating System [IBM]PCEB PCI to EISA Bridge [Intel]PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect/InterfacePCIC PC-Card Interrupt ControllerPC-I/O Program Controlled I/OPCL Printer Command Language [HP] + Process Control LanguagePCM Personal Computer Manufacturer + Printer Cartridge Metric [HP] + Pulse Code ModulationPCMA Paired Carrier Multiple AccessPCMC PCI, Cache, Memory Controller [Intel]PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card International Association


PCMIM Personal Computer Media Interface ModulePCN Personal Computer NetworkPCNFS Personal Computer Network File SystemPCO Point of Control and ObservationPCS Patchable Control Store + Personal Communication Services/System + Personal Conferencing Specification + Planning Control Sheet + Print Contrast Signal + Process Control Systems + Program Counter Store + Project Control SystemPCT Private Communications Technology.PCT Picture (file name extension).PCX Picture Image (file name extension)PD Phase-Change Dual + Public DomainPDA Personal Digital Assistant.PDB Pilot Database (file name extension) [Palm Pilot]PDC Primary Domain ControllerPDD Physical Device Driver + Portable Digital DocumentPDF Package Definition File + Portable Document Format + Portable Document File + Processor Defined Function + Program Development Facility.PDF Printer Description (file name extension)[Borland,Lotus]PDH Plesiosynchronous Digital HierarchyPDIAL Public Dialup Internet Access List [Internet]PDL Page Description Language + Program Description Language + Program Design LanguagePDM Product Data ManagementPDN Public Data NetworkPDO Portable Distributed Objects [Next]PDP Parallel Data Processing + Plasma Display Panel + Programmable Data Processor + (DEC Computer System Designation, i.e. PDP-8, PDP-11)PDS Packet Driver Specification + Partitioned Data Set + Planetary Data System + Portable Document Software + Processor Direct Slot [Macintosh]PDSS Post Development and Software SupportPDT Performance Diagnostic Tool [IBM] + Programmable Drive TablePDU Plug Distribution Unit + Protocol Data Unit.PDX Paradox files (file name extension) [Borland] + Printer Description Extension (file name extension)PE Parity Even + Processing Element + Protect EnablePEA Pocket Ethernet AdapterPEL Picture Element [IBM]PEM Privacy-Enhanced Mail [Internet]PEN SDK Pen Computing Software Development KitPEP Packet Exchange Protocol + Packetized Ensemble Protocol [Telebit]PERC Power Edge RAID ControllerPERL Practical Extraction and Report Language [Unix]PERT Program Evaluation and Review TechniquePES Positioning Error Signal + Processor Enhancement Socket Processor Upgrade SocketPET Print Enhancement Technology [Compaq].PFB Printer Font Binary (file name extension)


PFE Programmer's File Editor.PFM Printer Font Metrics (file name extension) [Windows]PFR Power-Fail RestartPGA Pin Grid Array + Professional Graphics Adapter [IBM]PGC Program Group Control [Microsoft]PGDN Page Down.PGL Graphics (file name extension) [Hewlett-Packard]PGM ProgramPGML Precision Graphics Markup LanguagePGP Pretty Good Privacy (name of encryption program).PGP ProGram Parameter (file name extension) [AutoCAD]PGUP Page UpPHIGS Programmers' Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standards.PHO Phone List (file name extension)PHS Personal Handyphone SystemPI Program InterruptionPIA Peripheral Interface AdapterPIC Personal Information Carrier + Personal Intelligent Communicator + Platform for Internet Content + Priority Interrupt Controller + Program Interrupt ControllerPICS Platform for Internet Content SelectionPICT PicturePID Process Identification Number + Product ID + Proportional, Integral, DerivativePIER Procedures for Internet/Enterprise RenumberingPIF Picture Interchange Format File + Program Information FilePII Program Integrated InformationPILOT Programmed Inquiry Learning Or TeachingPilotACE* Pilot Automatic Computing EnginePIM Personal Information Manager + Primary Interface Module + Protocol-Independent MulticastPIN Personal Identification Number + Process Identification Number [Unix]PINE Pine Is Not Elm (original usage) + Program for Internet News & Email (present usage)PING Packet Internet GroperPIO Parallel Input/Output + Processor Input/Output + Programmed Input/OutputPIP Pattern and Information Processing + Picture In Picture + Problem Isolation Procedure + Programmable Interconnect PointPIPO Parallel In, Parallel OutPIR Protocol Independent RoutingPIT Programmable Interval TimerPIXEL Picture ElementPL Plus.PL Pearl Language (file name extension)PLA Programmable Logic-ArrayPLATO Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching OperationsPLC Programmable Logic Controller


PLCC Plastic Leadless Chip CarrierPLD Programmable Logic DevicePLDS Pilot Land Data System [NASA]PLL Phase Locked Loop.PLL Prelinked Library (file name extension) [Clipper]PL/M Programming Language for MicrosPLS Primary Link StationPLV Production Level VideoPL/1 * Programming Language OnePM Presentation Manager [IBM] + Preventative Maintenance + Process ManagerP-MAIL Paper MailPMD Packet Mode DataPMMU Paged Memory Management UnitPMOS Positive Channel Metal Oxide SemiconductorPMR Problem Management Report [IBM]PMS Policy Management SystemPN Processing NodePNA Programmable Network AccessPNG Portable Network GraphicsPNNI Private Network to Network InterfacePNP Plug And PlayPO Parity OddPOC Point Of ContactPOD Plain Old DosPOE Power Open EnvironmentPOH Power-On HoursPOL Problem Oriented LanguagePOP Point Of Presence + Pop from Stack + Post Office ProtocolPOPA Pop All RegistersPOPF Pop FlagsPOR Power-On-ResetPOS Point Of Sale + Positive + Programmable Object SelectPOSIX Portable Operating System Interface for UnixPOST Power-On Self TestPOSTNET Postal Numeric Encoding Technique (bar code)POTS Plain Old Telephone ServicePOWER Performance Optimization with Enhanced RISC [IBM]PowerPC Performance Optimization with Enhanced RISC-Performance ComputingPP Parallel PortPPA Pixel Processing Accelerator.PPD PostScript Printer Description (file name extension)PPDS Personal Printer Data Stream [IBM]PPGA Plastic Pin Grid ArrayPPI Precise Pixel InterpolationPPM Pages Per MinutePPP Point-to-Point Protocol [Internet]PPS Packets Per Second + Power Personal Systems [IBM]PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol [Microsoft]PQFP Plastic Quad Flat PackPRACSA Public Remote Access Computer Standards AssociationPRAM Parallel Random-Access Machine + Parameter Random Access Memory


.PRC Pilot Resource (file name extension) [Palm Pilot]

.PRD Printer Driver (file name extension) [Microsoft]PRE Preformatted [HTML]PReP Power PC Reference Platform [IBM/Motorola]PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency.PRF Preferences (file name extension) [Grammatik IV].PRG Program (file name extension)PRI Primary-Rate InterfacePRINTF Print with Formatting [C Programming Language]PRISM Photo-Refractive Information Storage Material.PRJ Project (file name extension) [Borland]PRMD Private Management Domain [X.400]PRML Partial-Response Maximum-Likelihood.PRO Profile (file name extension)PROC ProcedurePROFS Professional Office System [IBM]PROG Program + ProgrammerPROLOG Programming In Logic (Programming Language)(See HLL)PROM Programmable Read Only MemoryPRN Printer.PRS Printer (file name extension) [WordPerfect]PRTSC Print ScreenPS Proportional Spacing.PS PostScript (file name extension)PS/2 Programming System 2 [IBM]PSAPI Presentation Space Application Programming InterfacePSC Personal Super Computer + Print Server Command + Product Service CenterPSDN Packet-Switched Data NetworkPSDS Packet-Switched Data ServicePSERVER Print Server [NetWare]PSF Permanent Swap FilePSID PostScript Image DataPSINET (formerly Performance Systems International)PSM Printing Systems ManagerPSN Packet Switching NetworkPSP Personal Software Products (group) [IBM] + Program Segment PrefixPSPDN Packet-Switched Public Data NetworkP-SRAM Pseudo-Static Random Access MemoryPSRT PostScript Round Table [GEnie]PSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkPSU Power Supply UnitPSW Program Status Word.ps.Z Compressed PostScript (file name extension) [Unix]PT Page TableP/T Part TimePTD Parallel Transfer Disk DrivePTF Problem Temporary/Trouble Fix [IBM]PTI Packet Type IdentifierPTT Postal Telephone & TelegraphPUB Public (directory) [Internet] + Publish.PUB Publication (file name extension) [Ventura]PUN Physical Unit NumberPUP PARC Universal Packet (protocol)


PUS Processor Upgrade SocketPUSHA Push All RegistersPUSHF Push FlagsPVC Permanent Virtual Circuit + Polyvinyl ChloridePVM Parallel Virtual Machine + Pass-through Virtual Machine (protocol) [IBM]PVP Parallel Vector ProcessingPVS Parallel Visualization ServerPW PasswordPWB Printed Wire Board + Programmer's Workbench [Microsoft]PWD Print Working Directory [Unix]PWR PowerPWSCS Programmable Workstation Communication Services [IBM].PX Primary Index (file name extension) [Paradox]

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QA Quality AssuranceQAM Quadrature Amplitude ModulationQBE Query By ExampleQBF Query by FormQBIC Query By Image Content [IBM]QC Quality ControlQD Querty/DvorakQDA Qualitative Data AnalysisQDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System.QDI Quicken Dictionary (file name extension) [Intuit].QDT Quicken Data (file name extension) [Intuit]QEMM Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Manager [Quarterdeck Corp.]QFA Quick File AccessQFE Quick-Fix Engineering [Microsoft]QFP Quad Flat PackQIC Quality Information Using Cycle Time [Hewlett-Packard] + Quarter-Inch Cartridge.QIF Quicken Import File/Interchange Format (file name extension).QMT Quicken Memorized List (file name extension) [Intuit].QNX Quicken Indexes to Data (file name extension) [Intuit]QOS Quality Of ServiceQPG Quantum Phase GateQPSK Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingQTC Quicktime Conferencing [Macintosh]

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RA Return Authorization.RA Real Audio (file name extension)RACF Resource Access Control Facility


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RAD Rapid Application DevelopmentRADAR Radio Detection And Ranging + Rights, Availabilities, Distribution Analysis and Reporting [Disney]RADB Routing Arbiter Data BaseRADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User ServiceRADSL Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber LineRAG Row Address GeneratorRAID Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks + Redundant Arrays of Independent Drives + Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive DisksRAIS Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive SystemsRALU Register Arithmetic Logic UnitRAM Random Access Memory.RAM Real Audio Metafile (file name extension)RAMDAC Random Access Memory Digital-to-Analog Converter [Sierra]RAMP Remote Access Maintenance Protocol [Internet]RAND RandomRAP Rapid Application PrototypingRARP Reverse Address Resolution ProtocolRAS Random Access Storage + Reader Admission System [British Library] + Reliability, Availability and Serviceability + Remote Access Service + Row Address SelectRASAPI Remote Access Service Application Programming Interface [Microsoft].RAT Rating (file name extension)RAVE Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine [Apple Computer].RAW Raw Data (file name extension)RB Right Button (of 2 or 3 button Mouse)RBBS Remote Bulletin Board SystemRBCS Remote Bar Code SystemRBOC Regional Bell Operating CompanyRCL Rotate Carry LeftRCP Remote Control Panel + Remote Copy [Internet] + Restore Cursor PositionRCPT RecipientRCR Rotate Carry RightRCS Records Communications Switching System + Revision Control System [Unix]RD Receive Data + Remove DirectoryR&D Research and DevelopmentRDA Remote Database AccessRDB Receive Data Buffer + Relational DatabaseRDBMS Relational Database Management SystemRDCLK Received Timing ClockRDF Resource Description Framework [W3C]RDO Remote Data ObjectRDP Reliable Datagram Protocol + Remote Desktop ProtocolRDRAM Rambus DRAMRDSR Receiver Data Service RequestRDTO Receive Data Transfer Offset [IBM]RDX Realistic Display Mixer.REC Recorder (file name extension) +


Recreational or Entertainment Activities (Domain Name) [Internet]REC. Recreation [USENET Newsgroup Category].REF Reference (file name extension)REG RegisterREGAL Rigid Epoxy Glass Acrylic LaminateRELSECT Relative SectorREM Remark + Remote + Ring Error MonitorREN RenameREP RepeatREPE Repeat while EqualREPNE Repeat while Not EqualREPNZ Repeat while Not ZeroREPZ Repeat while ZeroREQ RequestREREG Re-RegisterRES Remote Execution Service + Reset + Resolution.RES Resource (file name extension)RET Resolution Enhancement Technology [HP] + ReturnRETR RetrieveREX Relocatable ExecutableREXEC Remote ExecutionREXX Restructured Extended Executor (language) [IBM]RF Radio FrequencyRFC Request For Comments [Internet]RFD Request for Discussion [Internet]RFI Radio Frequency Interference + Request for InformationRFP Request for ProposalRFQ Request for QuotationRFS Remote File Sharing + Remote File SystemRFT Revisable Form Text + Rich Text FormatRFU Reserved For Future UseRGB Red-Green-Blue (color model)RI Referential Integrity + Ring Indicate RID Relative IdentifierRIFF Resource Interchange File Format [Microsoft]RIM Remote Installation and Maintenance [Microsoft]RIME RelayNet International Message ExchangeRIP Raster Image Processor + Remote Imaging Protocol + Routing Information Protocol [Novell]RIPEM Riordan's Internet Privacy Enhanced MailRIPS Raster Image Processing SystemRISC Reduced Instruction Set ComputingRIT Raw Input Thread [Microsoft]RJE Remote Job EntryRLD Received Line DetectRLE Run Length EncodedRLL Run Length LimitedRLN Remote LAN Node [DCA]RLOGIN Remote LoginRLSD Received Line Signal DetectedRLSI * Ridiculously Large-Scale IntegrationRM Reset ModeRMA Return Material Authorization + Return to Manufacturer Authorization


RMB Right Mouse ButtonRMDIR Remove DirectoryRMI Remote Messaging Interface + Remote Method Invocation [Sun]RMON Remote Monitor/MonitoringRMP Remote Maintenance Processor [IBM]RMS Record Management Services + Root Mean SquareRMW Read-Modify-WriteRN Read News [Internet]RNA Remote Network Access [Microsoft]RND RandomRNG Random Number GeneratorRNP Regional Network ProviderR-O Read OnlyROB Reorder Buffer [Intel]ROL Rotate LeftROLAP Relational On-Line Analytical ProcessingROM Read Only MemoryROOM Real-Time Object-Oriented ModelingROP Raster Operation + RISC OperationROR Rotate RightROS Read-Only Storage [IBM]ROSCOE Remote Operating System Conversational Online EnvironmentROT Running Object TableRPC Remote Procedure CallRPG Report Program Generator (Programming Language)RPL Resident Programming Language + Requested Privilege LevelRPN Real Page Number + Reverse Polish NotationRPRINTER Remote Printer [NetWare]RPPROM Reprogrammable PROMRPR Relative Performance RatingRPT RepeatRPQ Request for Price QuotationRQBE Relational Query By Example [Fox Pro]RR Real RealityRS Radio Shack + Recommended Standard (as in RS-232) [EIA] + Record Separator + Request to SendRSA129 (129 digit cryptographic security number named after its inventors: Drs. Ronald L. Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard M. Adleman)RSAC Recreational Software Advisory CouncilRSCS Remote Spooling Communications SystemRSD Route Server DaemonRSH Remote ShellRSI Repetitive Strain Injury (Carpal Tunnel Syndrome)RSL Request-and-Status LinkRSP Required Space CharacterRSPX Remote Sequenced Packet ExchangeRST Reset + RestartRSTS Resource Sharing Time Sharing [Digital]RSVP Resource Reservation ProtocolRSX Realistic Sound Experience +


Real Time Resource Sharing ExecutiveRT Real Time + RISC Technology + Run TimeR/T Receive/TransmitRTAM Remote Terminal Access MethodRTC Real-Time ClockRTDM Real-Time Data MigrationRTEL Reverse Telnet [Internet]RTF Rich Text FormatRTL Register Transfer Language/Level + Resistor Transistor Logic + Right-To-Left + Run Time LibraryRTM Response Time Monitor + Runtime Manager [Borland]RTMP Routing Table Maintenance ProtocolRTN Reuters Transaction NetworkRTOS Real-Time Operating SystemRTP Rapid Transport Protocol + Real-Time ProtocolRTS Remote Takeover System + Request To SendRTSP Real-Time Streaming ProtocolRTTI Runtime Type InformationRTTY Radio Teletypewriter (Communications)RTV Real Time VideoRTX Run Time ExtensionRUN Rewind/Unload [IBM]RVA Relative Virtual AddressRVI Reverse InterruptR/W Read/WriteRWM Read-Write MemoryRX ReceiverRXD Receive Data

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SA Selective AvailabilitySAA Systems Application Architecture [IBM]SAC Single Attachment ConcentratorSADL Synchronous Data Link Control [Racal-Vadic]SAINT * Symbolic Automatic IntegratorSAL Shift Arithmetic LeftSAM Serial Access Memory + Sequential Access Method + Security Accounts Manager [Microsoft] + Single Application Mode [Microsoft]SAN Storage/System Area NetworkSANE Standard Apple Numeric EnvironmentSAP Second Audio Program + Service Access Point [DEC] + Service Advertising Protocol + * Symbolic Assembly Program + Systems, Applications and Products (company)SAPI Speech Application Program Interface [Microsoft]SAR Segmentation and Reassembly + Shift Arithmetic Right + Successive Approximation Register + Synthetic Aperature Radar


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SAS Sales Accounting System + Single Attached Station + Single Audio System + Statistical Analysis SystemSASI Shugert Associates System Interface (SCSI originated from SASI)SATAN Security Administrator Tool for Analyzing Networks.SAV Saved (file name extension)SAVDM Single Application VDMSB Sound Blaster [Creative Labs] + Sound BoardSBA Scene Balance Algorithms [Kodak]SBB Subtract With BorrowSBC Single-Board ComputerSBCS Single-Byte Character SetSBI Sound Blaster Instrument.SBR Source Browser (file name extension) [Borland]SBS Smart Battery Specification [Duracell/Intel].SC Script (file name extension)SCADA Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionSCAM SCSI Configuration AutomaticallySCAS Scan StringSCB Subsystem Control Block [IBM]SCC Serial Communications Controllers + Serial Controller Chip + Synchronous Channel Check [IBM]SCCS Source Code Control SystemSCD Standard Color DisplayS-CDMA Synchronous Code-Division Multiple AccessSCF System Control FacilitySCI Scalable Coherent Interface + Serial Communications InterfaceSCI. Science [USENET Newsgroup Category]SCLM Software Configuration and Library Management [IBM]SCM ScreenCam Format [Lotus] + Software Configuration Management + Station Class MarkSCO Santa Cruz Operation (Software Company)SCOPE Simple Communications Programming Environment [Hayes]SCP Save Cursor Position + Subsystem Control Port + System Control ProgramSCR Silicon Controlled Rectifier.SCR Script (file name extension)SCRN Screen (video display)SCRS Scalable Cluster of RISC SystemsSCSA Signal Computing System Architecture [Dialogic]SCSI Small Computer Systems InterfaceSD Send Data + Super DensitySDA Software Disk Array + Source Data Automation + System Display Architecture [Digital]SDAM Single DOS Application ModeSDB Symbolic Debugger [Unix]SDD Software Description Database [Internet] + Subscriber Data DocumentSDF Space Delimited File + Space Delimited Format.SDF Standard Data Format (file name extension)SDH Synchronous Digital HierarchySDI Selective Dissemination of Information +


Single Document Interface Software Development Interface [Mosaic]SDK Software Developer's Kit [Microsoft]SDL Specification and Description LanguageSDLC Synchronous Data Link Control (protocol)SDM System Development MultitaskingSDMS SCSI Device Management System [NCR]SDN Software Defined Network [AT&T]SDNS Secure Data Network ServiceSDR Streaming Data RequestSDRAM Synchronous DRAMSD-ROM Super Density ROMSDS Sysops Distribution SystemSDSL Single-Line/Symmetric Digital Subscriber LineSD_STB Streaming Data Strobe [IBM]SDTV Standard Definition TelevisionSDV Switched Digital Video [AT&T]SDX Storage Data AccelerationSEA Standard Extended Attribute [OS/2].SEA Self Extracting Archive (file name extension) [Macintosh]SEAC * Name of first computer to use transistors, built by (National Bureau of) Standards Eastern Automatic Calculator (Also see SWAC)SEAL Segmentation and Reassembly Layer (protocol) + Screening External Access Link [Digital-DEC]SEC Single Error CorrectionSECAM Sequentiel Couleur Avec Memoire (Sequential Color With Memory)SECC Single Edge Contact CartridgeSED Stream Editor + Stream-Oriented EditorSEG SegmentSEH Structured Exception HandlingSEL SelectSEM Scanning Electron Microscope + Standard Electronic Module + Strategic Enterprise Management [SAP]SEPP Secure Encryption Payment ProtocolSER SerialSERCOS Serial Real-Time Communications SystemSET Secure Electronic Transaction + Softwave Engineering Technology.SET Driver Set (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC] + Image Settings (file name extension) [Paradox]SETEXT Structure Enhanced Text [Internet]SEU Smallest Executable UnitSF Sign FlagSFC System File CheckerSFD Start Frame DelimiterSFDR Spurious-Free Dynamic RangeSFQL Structured Full-text Query LanguageSFS System File ServerSFT System Fault ToleranceSFX Sound Effect(s)SGA Shared Global AreaSGEN Signal Generator + System Generator


SGDT Store Global Descriptor TableSGI Silicon Graphics, Inc.SGM Shaded Graphics ModelingSGML Standard Generalized Markup LanguageSGR Set Graphics RenditionSGRAM Synchronous Graphics RAMS/H Sample and HoldSHA Secure Hash Algorithm [NSA]SHAR Shell ArchiveSHED Segmented Hypergraphic EditorSHG Segmented HypergraphicsSHL Shift Logical LeftSHR Shift Logical RightS-HTTP Secure Hypertext Transfer ProtocolSHV Standard High-Volume.SHW Show (file name extension)SI Shift-In + Source Index + System Information + System IntegrationSIC Standard Industrial CodeSID Security Identifier + Serial Input Data + Station Identification [AT&T] + Symbolic Interactive Debugger + System IDSIDF System Independent Data FormatSIDH System Identification for Home SystemsSIDT Store Interrupt Descriptor TableSIFT Stanford Information Filtering ToolSIG Special Interest GroupSIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications and TechnologySIM SimulatorSIMD Single Instruction, Multiple Data-stream (processor)SIMM Single In-line Memory ModuleSIMTEL Simulation and TeleprocessingSIMULA Simulation (language)SIO Serial Input/Output (communications driver)SIP Single In-line PackageSIPC Simply Interactive Personal Computer [Microsoft]SIPO Serial In, Parallel OutSIPP Single In-line Pin PackageSIR Serial Infrared [Hewlett-Packard]SIRDS Single-Image Random Dot StereogramSI/SO Serial In/Serial Out + Shift In/Shift OutSIT Special Information Tones.SIT Stuff-It (compressed file name extension) [Macintosh]SIU System Interface UnitSKIP Simple Key-Management for Internet Protocols [Sun]SKU# Stock Keeping Unit NumberSLC Subscriber Line ConcentratorSLDT Store Local Descriptor TableSLED Single Large Expensive DiskSLIC System Level Integration CircuitSLIM Structured Language for Internet MarkupSLIP Serial Line Interface ProtocolSLM Spatial Light ModulatorSLMR Silly Little Mail Reader


SLOSH Sea, Lake and Overland Surge from Hurricane (program)SLP Service Location ProtocolSLSI Super Large-Scale IntegrationSLSS Systems Library Subscription Service [IBM]SLU Spoken Language UnderstandingSM Set Mode + Shared MemorySMART Self-Monitoring Analysis and Reporting TechnologySMB Server Message Block (protocol) [MII]SMD Surface Mounted DeviceSMDR Station Message Detail RecordingSMDS Switched Multimedia/Multi-Megabit Data ServiceSMF Single Mode Fiber + System Manager Facility [Compaq]SMI System Management Interrupt [Intel]SMIF Standard Mechanical InterfaceSMIL Synchronized Multimedia Integration LanguageS-MIME Secure MIMESMIT System Management Interface Tool [IBM]SMK Software Migration Kit [Microsoft]SML Standard Meta LanguageSMM System Management Mode [Intel]SMOBC Solder Mask Over Bare CopperSMP Simple Management Protocol + Symbolic Manipulation Program + Symmetrical Multi-Processing + Symmetric Multiprocessor.SMP Sample (file name extension)SMPC Shared Memory Parallel ComputerSMPS Switching Mode Power SupplySMRAM System Management Random Access MemorySMS Small Messaging System + Storage Management Services [NetWare] + Storage Management Subsystem/System + Systems Management Server [Microsoft]SMSW Store Machine Status WordSMT Station Management (protocol) + Surface-Mount TechnologySMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolSMU System Management UtilitySN Serial NumberS/N Signal-to-Noise (Ratio)SNA Systems Network Architecture [IBM]SNAP Sub-Network Access Protocol + Sub-Network Attachment PointSND SoundSNEWS Secure News Server [Internet]SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolSNOBOL String Oriented Symbolic Language (Programming Language)SNP Serial Number/Password [Omen Technology]SNR Signal-to-Noise RatioSOA Start Of AuthoritySOC System On a ChipSOC. Social Issues [USENET Newsgroup Category]SOCKS Socket Secure (server) [Internet]SO-DIMM Small Outline DIMMSOE Standard Operating EnvironmentSOH Start of Header


SOHO Small Office/Home OfficeSOL Simulation Oriented LanguageSOM Start of Message + System Object Model [IBM]SONET Synchronous Optical NetworkSOP Small Outline Package + Standard Operating ProceduresSOS Silicon On Sapphire + Sophisticated Operating System + Standards and Open SystemsSOTA State Of The ArtSOX Sound ExchangeSP Service Pack [IBM] + Stack Pointer + System ProductSPA Secure Password Authentication [Microsoft] + Software Publishers AssociationSPAN Space Physics Analysis NetworkSPARC Scalable Processor Architecture + Sun's Palo Alto Research CenterSPC Small Peripheral Controller + Statistical Process ControlSPCL Spectrum Cellular CorporationSPCS Stored Program Controlled SwitchSPD Serial Presence DetectSPEC Systems Performance Evaluation CooperativeSPF Shortest Path First + System Programming FacilitySPGA Staggered Pin-Grid ArraySPI Security Parameters Index + Service Provider Interface + SCSI Parallel InterfaceSPID Service Profile/Provider IdentifierSPIKE Science Planning Intelligent Knowledge-Based Environment [STScI]SPIRES Stanford Public Information Retrieval System [Stanford University]SPL Spooler + System Programming Language [HP].SPL Spell Checker (file name extension)SPLD Simple Programmable Logic DeviceSPM System Performance Monitor [IBM]SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On LineSPOT Shared Product Object Tree [IBM]SPP Sequenced Packet Protocol + Standard Printer PortSPPS Scalable Power Parallel System [IBM]SPR Special Purpose Register + Statistical Pattern RecognitionSPREAD * Systems Programming, Research, Engineering and Development [IBM]SPS Shock Protection System + Standby Power SystemSPSS Statistical Package for the Social SciencesSPT Sectors Per TrackSPX Sequenced Packet Exchange [Novell]SQ Squeezed (files)SQE Signal Quality Error (test)SQL/DS Structured Query Language/Data System [IBM]SQRT Square RootSR Shift RegisterSRAM Shadow Random Access Memory + Static Random Access MemorySRAPI Speech Recognition APISRB Source-Route Bridge.SRC Source (file name extension)


SRD Screen Reader SystemSRDRAM Self-Refreshed DRAMSRGB Sustained RGB (values)SRM Security Reference MonitorSRO Sharable and Read OnlySRP Suggested Retail Price.SRP Script (file name extension)SRPI Server-Requester Programming InterfaceSRQ Service RequestSRR Serially Reusable ResourceSRS Sound Retrieval SystemSS Stack Segment + Single Sided + SecondsSSA Serial Storage ArchitectureSSAP Source Service Access PointSSCP Systems Service Control Point [IBM]SSD Solid State DiskSSEC * Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator [IBM]SSGA System Support Gate ArraySSH Secure ShellSSI Server Side Includes + Single System Image + Small Scale IntegrationSSL Secure Sockets LayerSSPI Security Service Provider Interface [Microsoft]SSRP Simple Server Redundancy Protocol [Cisco]SST Spread-Spectrum Technology + Systems Services and TechnologySTA Spanning Tree AlgorithmSTAR Self Defining Text ArchivalSTB StrobeSTC Set Carry FlagSTD Set Direction Flag + StandardSTDA StreetTalk Directory Assistance [Banyan]STDAUX Standard AuxilarySTDERR Standard ErrorSTDIN Standard InputSTDIO.H Standard Input/Output Header [C Programming Language]STDM Statistical Time Division MultiplexerSTDOUT Standard OutputSTDPRN Standard PrinterSTEP Standard for Exchange of Product.STF Structured File (file name extension) [Lotus Agenda]STI Set Interrupt FlagS/TK Sectors Per TrackSTL Standard Template LibrarySTN Super-Twist Nematic.STORE Businesses Offering Goods (Domain Name) [Internet]STOS Store StringSTP Secure Transfer Protocol + Shielded Twisted Pair (cable) + Signal Transfer Point + Synchronized Transaction ProcessingSTR Store Task Register + Synchronous Transmitter ReceiverSTRESS Structural Engineering System Solver (Programming Language)STRUDL Structural Design Language (Programming Language)STScI Space Telescope Science Institute


STT Secure Transaction Technology [Microsoft]STX Start of Text.STY Style (file name extension) [Ventura, Word, WordPerfect]SUB Subroutine + Substitute + SubtractSUN Sun Microsystems, Inc..SUP Supplemental Dictionary (file name extension) [WordPerfect]SVC Switched Virtual CircuitSVF Simple Vector FormatSVG Scalable Vector GraphicsSVGA Super Video Graphics ArrayS-VHS Super VHSSVM System Virtual Machine [Microsoft]SVN Switched Virtual Network [IBM]SVR ServerSVR# System V Release Number [AT&T]S/W SoftwareSWAC * Mobile version of SEAC, built for deployment to White Sands, and named Standards Western Automatic CalculatorSWAIS Simple Wide Area Information Server [Internet]SWAP Shared Wireless Access ProtocolSWIG Simplified Wrapper and Interface GeneratorSWISH Simple Web Indexing System for HumansSWP Simple Web Printing.SWP Swap (file name extension).SYL Syllabus (file name extension)SYLK Symbolic Link.SYM Symbols (file name extension).SYN Synonym (file name extension)SYNC SynchronousSYS System.SYS System Configuration (file name extension) + System Device Driver (file name extension)SYSADMIN System AdministratorSYSGEN System GeneratorSYSLOG System LogSYSMOD System ModificationSYSOP System OperatorSYSREQ System RequestSZ Send ZModem [Unix]

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TAB Tape Automated BondingTACS Total Access Communication SystemTAD Telephone Answering DeviceTAP Telelocator Alphanumeric ProtocolTAPCIS The Access Program for the CompuServe Information ServiceTAPI Telephony Applications Programming Interface.tar Tape Archive (archived file name extension) [Unix].tar.Z Compressed Archived files (file name extension) [Unix]


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TAS Telephone Access ServerTASM Turbo Assembler [Borland]TAXI Transparent Asynchronous Transceiver/Receiver InterfaceTB Terabyte (1,024 gigabytes) (One Thousand Billion characters of information)T/B Top and BottomTBBS The Bread Board System (BBS)TBGA Tape Ball Grid Array.TBK Toolbook (file name extension)TBU Tape Backup UnitTC Test Control + Transmission ControlTCL Tool Command LanguageTCM Trellis-Coded ModulationTCO Total Cost of OwnershipTCP Tape-Carrier PackageTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTD Transmit DataTDC Tabular Data ControlTDD Telecommunications Device for the DeafTDtoDP Tablet Coordinates to Display Coordinates (converting)TDE Terminal Display Editor.TDF Trace Definition File (file name extension) [OS/2] + Typeface Definition File (file name extension)TDI Transport Device InterfaceTDM Technical Document Management + Time Division MultiplexingTDMA Time Division Multiple AccessTDMS Terminal Display Management SystemTDP Tag Distribution Protocol [Cisco] + Telelocator Data ProtocolTDSR Transmitter Data Service RequestTDR Time Domain ReflectometryTE/2 Terminal Emulator/2 [Oberon]TEB Thread Environment BlockTEC Tokyo Electronics CorporationTED Tiny EditorTEI Terminal Endpoint IdentifierTELCO Telephone CompanyTEML Turbo Editor Macro Language [Borland]TEMP TemporaryTER Thermal Eclipse Reading [Sony]TERMPWR Terminator PowerTFDD Text File Device DriverTFEL Thin-Film Electroluminescent.TFM Tagged Font Metric (file name extension)TFT Thin-Film Transistor (screens)TFTP Trivial File Transfer ProtocolTHD Total Harmonic Distortion.THD Thread (file name extension)THOMAS The (U.S.) House (of Representatives) Open Multimedia Access SystemTHOR Tandy High-Performance Optical RecordingTHR Transmit Holding Register.THS Thesaurus (file name extension)


TI Texas Instruments, Inc.TIA Telecommunications Industry Association + The Internet Adapter [Internet]TID Target IDTIES Time Independent Escape Sequence.TIF Tagged Image File (filename extension)TIFF Tagged Image File FormatTIGA Texas Instruments Graphics ArchitectureTIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and ReferencingTIIAP Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program [NII]TIM Technical Information Memo [Compaq]TIMEZONES - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GMT Offsets Offsets Eastward from GMT (+) Offsets Westward from GMT (-) AST - Atlantic Standard Time -4:00 AT - Azores Time -2:00 AHD - Alaska-Hawaii Daylight ::: AHS - Alaska-Hawaii Standard -10:00 BLT - Baghdad Local Time +3:00 BST - British Summer Time ::: CAT - Central Alaska Time -10:00 CCT - China Coast Time +8:00 CDT - Central Daylight Time ::: CET - Central European Time +1:00 CLT - Cairo Local Time +2:00 CST - Central Standard Time -6:00 EAD - East Australian Daylight ::: EAS - East Australian Standard +10:00 EDT - Eastern Daylight Time ::: EET - Eastern European Time +1:00 EMT - Eastern Mediterranean +2:00 EST - Eastern Standard Time -5:00 GMT - Greenwich Mean Time +0:00 HST - Hawaii Standard Time -10:00 JST - Japanese Standard Time +9:00 MDT - Mountain Daylight Time ::: MET - Middle European Time +1:00 MST - Mountain Standard Time -7:00 MTS - Moscow Time Standard +3:00 MTD - Moscow Time Daylight ::: NT - Nome Time -11:00 NZT - New Zealand Time +12:00 PDT - Pacific Daylight Time ::: PST - Pacific Standard Time -8:00 PST - Pakistan Standard Time +5:00 WAS - West Australian Standard +7:00 WAT - West Africa Time -1:00 WED - Western Europe Daylight ::: WES - Western Europe Standard +0:00 YDT - Yukon Daylight Time ::: YST - Yukon Standard Time -9:00 IDLE- International Date Line East +12:00 IDLW- International Date Line West -12:00


TIMI Technology Independent Machine Interface [IBM]TIMS Text Information Management SystemsTINA Telecommunication Information Networking ArchitectureTIP Terminal Interface Processor + Transaction Internet ProtocolTITOFET Tunneling-In, Tunneling-Out Field Effect TransistorTK/TK Track to TrackTLA Three-Letter AcronymTLB Translation Lookaside Buffer.TLB Table (file name extension)TLD Top Level DomainTLI Transport Layer InterfaceTLS Transport Layer SecurityTLU Table Lookup.TLX Telex (file name extension)TM TrademarkTMDS Transition Minimized Differential Signaling.TML Template (file name extension)TMP TemporaryTN Twisted NematicTNC Terminal Node ControllerTNO The Netherlands OrganizationToC Table Of ContentsTOD Time Of DayTOP Technical and Office ProtocolTPC Transaction-Processing Performance CouncilTPF Transactions Processing Facility [IBM]TPI Tracks Per InchTPL Table Producing Language + Transaction Processing LanguageTPM Transactions Per MinuteTPORT Twisted Pair Port Transceiver [AT&T]TPS Transactions Per Second + Transaction Processing SystemTPW Turbo Pascal for WindowsTQFP Thin Quad Flat PackTQM Total Quality ManagementTR Terminal ReadyT/R Transmit/ReceiveTRADIC * Transistorized Airborne Digital Computer (Name of first computer to be entirely transistorized).TRM Terminal (file name extension)TRN Threaded Read News [Internet] + Token Ring NetworkTRON The Real-Time Operating System NucleusTS Top SecretTSA Target Service Agent + Technical Support Alliance + Telephony Services ArchitectureTSAPI Telephony Services Application Program Interface [AT&T + Novell]TSB Termination Status BlockTSD Type-Specific DriverTSE The Semware EditorTSO Time Sharing OptionTSP Telephony Service Provider


TSR Terminate and Stay ResidentTSS Task State Segment + Time Sharing SystemTS/SI Top Secret/Sensitive Information.TST Test (file name extension)TSTN Triple Supertwisted NematicTSV Tab Separated ValuesTT Typewriter TextTTA Transport-Triggered ArchitectureTTCN Tree and Tabular Combined Notation.TTF TrueType Font (file name extension)TTL Transistor-Transistor LogicTTP Thermal-Transfer PrintingTTS Text-To-Speech + Transaction Tracking SystemTTY TeletypeTUCOWS The Ultimate Collection of Winsock SoftwareTUI Text-Based User Interface [WordPerfect]TUMS Table Update and Management System [Stanford University].TUT Tutorial (file name extension)TVF Table of contents Verbosely from File [UNIX]TVFS Toronto Virtual File System [IBM]TVI Television InterferenceTVOL Television On-LineTWAIN Technology Without Any Interesting Name (connection between application and scanner software)TWX Teletypewriter Exchange ServiceTXD Transmit Data.TXF Tax Exchange Format (file name extension)TXT TextTXT2STF Text To Structured File [Lotus Agenda]TZ Time Zone [Unix]

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UA User Agent + User AreaUAE Unrecoverable Application ErrorUAM User Authentication MethodUART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/TransmitterUBR Unspecified Bit Rate.UC2 Compressed File (file name extension) [UltraCompressor]UCE Unsolicited Commercial EmailUCL Universal Communications LanguageUCS Unicode Conversion Support + Universal Character Set + User Coordinate SystemUCT Universal Coordinated TimeUDA Universal Data Access [Microsoft]UDC Universal Decimal Classification + User Defined CommandsUDD User Data DocumentUDE Universal Data ExchangeUDEC * Universal Digital Electronic Computer [Burroughs]UDF Universal Disk Format + User Defined FunctionsUDG User Defined GatewayUDP User Datagram Protocol


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UDT Uniform Data TransferUFS Unix File SystemUG User GroupUHCI Universal Host Controller InterfaceUHF Ultra-High FrequencyUI Unix International + User InterfaceUIC User Identification CodeUID User IdentifierUIMS User Interface Management SystemUL Underwriters Laboratories + Unordered List + UploadULA Uncommitted Logic ArrayULN Universal Link NegotiationULSI Ultra Large Scale IntegrationUMA Unified Memory ArchitectureUMB Upper Memory Block [LIM/AST]UML Unified Modeling LanguageUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUNC Universal Naming Convention + Uuencoded Netnews Collator [Unix]UNCOL Universal Computed Oriented LanguageUNI User-Network InterfaceUNICOM Universal Integrated Communication (System)UNICOS Universal Compiler FORTRAN compatibleUNII Unlicensed National Information InfrastructureUNIVAC Universal Automatic ComputerUNIX (AT&T Bell Laboratories Operating System)UNMA Unified Network Management ArchitectureUP UniprocessorUPC Universal Product/Program Code + User Parameter ControlUPG UpgradeUPL User Program LanguageUPM Unix Programmer's Manual + User Profile Management [IBM]UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply/SystemURC Uniform Resource Characteristics + Uniform Resource CitationUREP Unix RSCS Emulation Protocol (protocol)URI Uniform Resource IdentifierURL Uniform Resource LocatorURN Uniform Resource Name/NumberUS Unit SeparatorUSART Universal Synchronous-Asynchronous Receiver/TransmitterUSB Universal Serial Bus [Intel]USENET User's Network [Internet]USERID User IdentificationUSOC Universal Service Ordering CodeUSQ Unsqueezed (files)USR US Robotics (corporation)USRT Universal Synchronous Receiver/TransmitterUSSA User Supported Software Association (United Kingdom)UT User TerminalUTC Coordinated Universal TimeUTI Universal Text Interchange/InterfaceUTP Unshielded Twisted-Pair (cable)


UU Uuencode/UudecodeUUCP Unix-To-Unix Copy ProgramUUD UUDecoding [Unix]UUDECODE Unix-To-Unix DecodingUUE UUEncoding [Unix]UUENCODE Unix-To-Unix EncodingUUI User-To-User Information [AT&T]UUID Universal Unique IdentifierUV Ultraviolet

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VA Virtual Address + Visual Age [IBM]VAD Value Added DealerVADD Value Added Disk DriverVADSL Very-High-Rate Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineVAL Value + Voice Application Language.VAL Validity Checks (file name extension) [Paradox]VAM Virtual Access MethodVAN Value Added NetworkVAP Value Added ProcessVAR Value Added Reseller + Value Added Retailer + VariableVAST Variable Array Storage TechnologyVAX/VMS Virtual Address Extension/Virtual Memory System [DEC]VB Variable Block + Visual Basic [Microsoft]VBA Visual Basic for Applications [Microsoft]VBE/AI Vesa Bios Extension/Audio InterfaceVBI Vertical Blanking IntervalVBNS Very High Speed Backbone Network Service [MCI + NSF]VBR Variable Bit RateVBRUN Visual Basic RuntimeVBS Visual Basic Script.VBX Visual Basic Extension (file name extension)VCC Virtual Channel ConnectionVCD Virtual Communications DriverVCI Virtual Circuit IdentifierVCL Visual Component LibraryVCOS Visual Caching Operating System [AT&T]VCPI Virtual Control Program InterfaceVCR Video Cassette RecorderVDD Virtual Device DriverVDDM Virtual Device Driver ManagerVDE Video Display Editor + Visual Development EnvironmentVDISK Virtual DiskVDM Virtual DOS Machine [IBM]VDMAD Virtual Direct Memory Access Device [Microsoft]VDS Virtual DMA ServicesVDSL Very-High-Data-Rate Digital Subscriber LineVDT Video Dial Tone + Video Display TerminalVDU Video Display Unit + Visual Display UnitVEGA Video-7 Enhanced Graphics Adapter [Video-7, Inc.]VEMM Virtual Expanded Memory Manager


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VEMMI Versatile Multimedia InterfaceVER Verify + VersionVERONICA Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-Wide Index to Computer Archives [Internet]VERR Verify Read AccessVERW Verify Write AccessVES Video Encoding Standard [Oracle]VESA Video Electronics Standards AssociationVF Virtual FloppyVFAT Virtual File Allocation Table [Microsoft]V.FC Version.First Class (communications standard)VFD Vacuum Fluorescent DisplayVFW Video For Windows [Microsoft]VGA Video Graphics ArrayVGC Video Graphics ControllerVHDL VHSIC Hardware Description LanguageVHF Very-High FrequencyVHS Very High Speed + Video Home System + Virtual Host StorageVHSIC Very High Speed Integrated CircuitVI Visual Interactive (editor) [UNIX]VIA Virtual Interface Architecture [Intel]VIE Virtual Information EnvironmentVIF Virtual Interface + Virtual Interrupt FlagVIM Vendor Independent Mail + Vendor Independent Messaging + Video Interface ModuleVIO Video Input/Output + Virtual Input/OutputVINES Virtual Networking System [Banyan]ViP Visual Programming [Lotus]VIP Variable Information Processing + Video Information Provider + Virtual Interrupt PendingVIPER Verifiable Integrated Processor for Enhanced ReliabilityVIS Video Information System [Tandy] + Visual Instruction Set [Sun] + Voice Information SystemVJ HEADER Van Jacobsen Header (compression) [Unix]VLAN Virtual Local Area NetworkVL-BUS Vesa Local-Bus [VESA]VLD Variable-Length DecoderVLF Very Low FrequencyVLINK Visited Link [HTML]VLIW Very Large Instruction WordVLM Virtual Loadable ModuleVLSI Very Large Scale IntegrationVLSIPS Very Large Scale Immobilized Polymer SynthesisVLT Variable List TableVM Virtual Machine + Virtual MemoryVMA Virtual Memory AddressVMB Virtual Machine BootVME Versa Module Eurocard + Virtual Memory EnvironmentVML Vector Markup LanguageVMM Virtual Machine/Memory Manager


VMOS Vertical MOSVMP Virtual Modem ProtocolVMS Virtual Machine Storage + Virtual Memory System + Voice Message SystemVMT Virtual Memory TechniqueVNA Virtual Network ArchitectureVOC Creative Voice (format) [Sound Blaster]VOD Video On DemandVOL VolumeVOM Volt-Ohm-MilliammeterVOR Visions Of RealityVOS Verbal/Voice Operating SystemVP Virtual PathVPD Virtual Printer Device + Vital Product Data [IBM]VPDN Virtual Private Data NetworkVPDS Virtual Private Data Service [MCI]VPE Video Port Extensions [Microsoft] + Visual Programming EnvironmentVPL Virtual Programming LanguageVPM Video Port ManagerVPN Virtual Page Number + Virtual Private NetworkVPS Voice Processing SystemVPSC Vault, Process, Structure, ConfigurationVPT Virtual Print Technology [Dataproducts]VR Virtual Reality + Voltage Regulated/RegulatorVRAM Video Random Access MemoryVRD Virtual Retinal DisplayVRE Voltage Regulated ExtendedVRM Voltage Regulator ModuleVRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language (originally named Virtual Reality Markup Language)VROOMM Virtual Real-time Object Oriented Memory Manager [Borland].VRS WordPerfect Graphics Driver (file name extension)VRT Voltage Regulation Technology [Intel]VRU Voice Response UnitVS Virtual StorageVSAM Virtual Storage Access MethodVSAT Very Small Aperture TerminalVSE Virtual Storage ExtendedVSF Vertical Scanning FrequencyVSI Virtual Socket InterfaceVSIO Virtual Serial Input OutputVSM Virtual Shared Memory + Virtual Storage Management + Visual System Management [IBM]VSN Volume Serial NumberVSOS Virtual Storage Operating SystemVSYNC Vertical SyncVT Vertical TabVTAM Virtual Telecommunications Access Method [IBM]VTNS Virtual Telecommunications Network ServiceVTS Volume Tracking DriverVUI Video User InterfaceVUP VAX Unit of PerformanceVMS Virtual Memory System + Voice Message System


VWB Visual WorkBench [Microsoft]VWM Virtual Window ManagerVxD Virtual Extended Driver [Microsoft].VXD Virtual Device (file name extension) [Microsoft]V&V Verification and Validation

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W/ WithW3 (see WWW)W3A World Wide Web AppletsW3C World Wide Web ConsortiumW4 What-Works-With-WhatWAAS Wide Area Augmentation SystemWABI Windows Application Binary Interface [SunSoft]WAI Web Application Interface [Netscape]WAIS Wide Area Information ServerWAITI Wait-For-InterruptWAITS Wide Area Information Transfer SystemWAN Wide Area NetworkWATS Wide Area Telecommunications Service.WAV Waveform Audio (file name extension)WBEM Web-Based Enterprise ManagementWC Word CountWCS World Coordinate SystemWDL Windows Driver Library [Microsoft]WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing + Windows Driver Model [Microsoft]WDRAM Windows Dynamic Random Access Memory.WEB Entities Emphasizing the WWW (Domain Name) [Internet]WebNFS Web Network File System [Sun]WELL Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (BBS)WFM Wired For Management [Intel]WFW Windows For Workgroups [Microsoft]WGS Work Group SystemWHAM Waveform Hold and Modify [Microsoft]WHC Workstation Host ConnectionWINE Windows EmulatorWINForum Wireless Information Networks ForumWINS Windows-Internet Naming Service [Microsoft]WINSOCK Windows Open Systems Architecture [Microsoft] + Windows SocketsWINWORD Word For Windows [Microsoft]WISE WordPerfect Information System EnvironmentWIT Web Interactive Talk [Internet].WKB Workbook (file name extension) [WordPerfect].WKE Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WKQ Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU].WKS Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC].WKZ Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORQU].WK1 Worksheet (file name extension) [Lotus 1-2-3] [LDC]WL Word Line


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WMC Workflow Management Coalition.WMF Windows Metafile Format (file name extension) [Microsoft]WNIC Wide-Area Network Interface Co-ProcessorWNIM Wide-Area Network Interface ModuleW/O WithoutWORM Write Once, Read ManyWOS Workstation Operating SystemWOSA Windows Open Services/Systems Architecture [Microsoft]WP WordPerfect + Word Processing + Write Protected.WPD Windows Printer Description (file name extension).WPG WordPerfect Graphics (file name extension)WPHD Write-Protect Hard Disk.WPK Keyboard (file name extension) [WordPerfect]WPM Words Per Minute.WPM Macro (file name extension) [WordPerfect]WPOS Workplace Operating SystemWPS Windows Printing System [Microsoft] + Workplace Shell [OS2]WPVM Windows Parallel Virtual Machine.WQ1 Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU].WQ! Compressed Spreadsheet (file name extension) [BORPQU]WRAM Windows Random Access Memory.WRI Write (file name extension)WRK Windows Resource Kit [Microsoft]WS WordStar + WorkstationWSAPI Web Site Application Program Interface [O'Reilly]WSH Windows Scripting Host [Microsoft]WT Write ThroughWTM Wired For ManagementWWIS World Wide Information System [Internet]WWW World-Wide Web [Internet]WYSBYGI What You See Before You Get ItWYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get

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XA Extended Architecture + Extended AttributeXAPIA X.400 Application Program Interface AssociationX2B Hexadecimal to Binary [REXX].XBM X-Windows Bitmaps (file name extension) (black and white).XPM X-Windows Pixelmaps (file name extension) (color)X2C Hexadecimal to Character [REXX]XCHG ExchangeXCMD External CommandXCOPY Extended CopyX2D Hexadecimal to Decimal [REXX]XDF Extended Density Format [IBM]XDR Extended/External Data RepresentationXFCN External FunctionXGA Extended Graphics Array [IBM]XID Exchange IdentifierXIOS Extended Input/Output System


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.XLA Add-In (file name extension) [Microsoft-Excel]XLAT TranslateXLF Exceptional Fortran [IBM].XLK Backup (file name extension) [Microsoft-Excel]XLL Extensible Link LanguageXLM Excel Macro Language [Microsoft].XLT Template (file name extension) [Microsoft-Excel]XMIT TransmitXML Extensible Markup LanguageXMM Extended Memory Manager [LIM/AST]XMS Extended Memory Specification [LIM/AST]XNS Xerox Network System (protocol) [Xerox]XOFF Transmitter OffXON Transmitter OnXOR Exclusive OR (Also EOR)XPRM Xerox Print Resources Manager [Xerox]XRT Extensions for Real-TimeXSL Extensible Style LanguageXSMD Extended Storage Module Drive (interface)XSSI Extended Server Side IncludesXTAL CrystalXTCLK External Transmit Clock

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YAM Yet Another Modem [Omen Technology]YAHOO Yet Another Hierarchically Officious Oracle [Internet]Y2K Year 2000(Y/N)? (Asks for a YES or NO decision)YTD Year To Date

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.z Packed file (file name extension - using Pack/Unpack program)..lower case z..[Unix].Z Compressed file (file name extension - using Compress/Uncompress program)..upper case Z..[Unix]ZAK Zero Administration Kit [Microsoft]ZAW Zero Administration for Windows [Microsoft]ZBR Zone-Bit Recording [IBM]Z-CAV Zoned Constant Angular VelocityZDL Zero Delay LockoutZDS Zenith Data SystemsZIF Zero-Insertion Force (socket)ZIP Zigzag In-Line Package + Zone Improvement Plan (ZIPcode).ZIP Compressed File (file name extension) [PKWare].ZOO Compressed File (file name extension) [Dhesi]ZPV Zoomed Port Video [Toshiba]


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ZSL Zero Slot LAN@ At + Commercial At~ Tilde* Wildcard character (asterisk)*.* Star-Dot-Star (represents Any file name.Any file name extension).$$$ Temporary File (file name extension)1GL First General Language (machine language)286 80286 (microprocessor)2GL Second Generation Language (assembly language)386 80386 (microprocessor)3COM 3 Com Corporation (The 3 Coms are Computer, Communications and Compatibility)3GL Third Generation Language (programming language)486 80486 (microprocessor)4GL Fourth Generation Language (descriptive language)6DOF Six Degrees Of Freedom

BABEL: A GLOSSARY OF COMPUTER ORIENTED ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Version 99B

Copyright (C) 1989-1999 Irving & Richard Kind All Rights Reserved c/o K & D, One Church Lane, Baltimore, MD 21208 Jan 1999 version = 99A Jan 2000 version = 00A May 1999 version = 99B May 2000 version = 00B Sep 1999 version = 99C Sep 2000 version = 00C ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

APPENDIX A...

DOWNLOADING BABEL

NOTE!...BABEL's Internet Provider has undergone a name change, from DIGEX to IAMDIGEX...With it, there has been a change in the URLs used for downloading...SEE NOTE 3.

To obtain the latest version of BABEL use any of these methods:

============ HTML Format ============ http://users.iamdigex.net/ikind/babel.html [202KB] http://users.iamdigex.net/ikind/babelhtm.zip [ 63KB] ============ TEXT Format ============ http://users.iamdigex.net/ikind/babeltxt.zip [ 61KB] From your favorite Bulletin Board, download: BABEL99B.ZIP NOTE for all methods:

After Jan 1, 1999 BABEL.TXT, .HTML or .ZIP will contain Version 99A After May 1, 1999 BABEL.TXT, .HTML or .ZIP will contain Version 99B After Sep 1, 1999 BABEL.TXT, .HTML or .ZIP will contain Version 99C

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

APPENDIX B...

The following examples are included to only serve as a verybrief introduction to what may be found when reading email and newsgroups and when using IRC on the Internet.


- - - - - - -

In email and news, "smiley faces" (emoticoms), rather thanwords,are used to express the writer's feelings. Turn your head to theside to read them.

:-) Smile :-D Laughing

:-] Smirk :-( Frown

;-) Wink :-X Close-mouthed

8-) Wide-eyed :-O Open-mouthed

also

<jk> Just kidding <g> Grin

- - - - - - -

In email and during on-line conversations, a variety of lettergroups are used to abbreviate the writer's comments, such as:

BRB Be right back IMHO In my humble opinion

BTW By the way ROFL Rolling on the floorlaughing

FOAF Friend of a friend TIA Thanks in advance

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

APPENDIX C...

COUNTRY DOMAIN NAMES

At the present time there are over 200 recognized CountryDomain names. Two-letter abbreviations that represent thecountry names are used in addresses seen on the Internet. Thefollowing names (138 to date) represent the country of originfrom where someone has downloaded BABEL (babel.html). This listshould be useful when checking the origin of your own mail.

.ad Andorra .ae United Arab Emirates .ag Antigua and Barbuda .ai Anguilla .al Albania .am Armenia .ar Argentina .at Austria .au Australia


.aw Aruba .ba Bosnia-Herzegovina .be Belgium .bg Bulgaria .bh Bahrain .bm Bermuda .bn Brunei Darussalam .bo Bolivia .br Brazil .bs Bahamas .bw Botswana .by Belarus .bz Belize .ca Canada .ch Switzerland .ci Cote D'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) .cl Chile .cn China .co Colombia .cr Costa Rica .cu Cuba .cy Cyprus .cz Czech Republic .de Germany .dk Denmark .dm Dominica .do Dominican Republic .ec Ecuador .ee Estonia .eg Egypt .es Spain .et Ethiopia .fi Finland .fj Fiji .fm Micronesia .fo Faroe Islands .fr France .gb Great Britain .ge Georgia .gl Greenland .gr Greece .gt Guatemala .gu Guam .gy Guyana .hk Hong Kong .hn Honduras .hr Croatia .hu Hungary .id Indonesia .ie Ireland .il Israel .in India .ir Iran .is Iceland .it Italy


.jm Jamaica .jo Jordan .jp Japan .ke Kenya .kg Kyrgyzstan .kr Korea (South) .kw Kuwait .kz Kazakhstan .lb Lebanon .lc Saint Lucia .li Liechtenstein .lk Sri Lanka .lt Lithuania .lu Luxembourg .lv Latvia .ma Morocco .mc Monaco .md Moldova .mk Macedonia .mn Mongolia .mo Macau .mt Malta .mu Mauritius .mv Maldives .mx Mexico .my Malaysia .na Namibia .nc New Caledonia (French) .ng Nigeria .ni Nicaragua .nl Netherlands .no Norway .np Nepal .nu Niue .nz New Zealand .om Oman .pa Panama .pe Peru .pf Polynesia (French) .pg Papua New Guinea .ph Philipines .pk Pakistan .pl Poland .pt Portugal .py Paraguay .qa Qatar .ro Romania .ru Russian Federation .sa Saudi Arabia .se Sweden .sg Singapore .si Slovenia .sk Slovak Republic .su USSR (former) .sv El Salvador


.th Thailand .tn Tunisia .tr Turkey .tt Trinidad and Tobago .tw Taiwan .ug Uganda .uk United Kingdom .us United States .uy Uruguay .uz Uzbekistan .ve Venezuela .vi Virgin Islands (USA) .vn Vietnam .ye Yemen .yu Yugoslavia .za South Africa .zm Zambia .zw Zimbabwe++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

NOTES

NOTE 1

SUBMITTING A NEW ENTRY....Each submitted entry is first verified before inclusion into BABEL. Please let me know where you have seen your submission used or described; i.e., name of publication, page number, who uses it, where it is used, etc., in order that your entry may be verified from this end.

Submit your entry via e-mail to: [email protected] Include the word Babel or Glossary in your Subject.

NOTE 2

SAVING AND PRINTING....To have instant access to BABEL, I suggest that you download the complete file rather than to search on line.

For the HTML version, download babel.html or babelhtm.zip and save it on a floppy disk or on your hard drive. Use your browser to locate any entry instantly.

For Printing, use the TEXT version. Download babeltxt.zip, unzip it, and set your printer for sixty (60) lines per page, with a six (6) character left hand margin, using 8-1/2" x 11" paper. Punch holes for a loose leaf binder and keep it on your desk. Again, instant access.

NOTE 3

URLs FOR BABEL....Babel's Internet Provider has undergone a name change, from DIGEX to IAMDIGEX. This results in a change in URL's for downloading Babel.

Revise your Links and Bookmarks to recognize these changes both at home and at work. We are attempting to notify all of the many Search Engines that now link to BABEL. Please spread the word where you can. We apologize for the inconvenience.

Documents

A Glossary of Computer Oriented Abbreviations and Acronyms