Upload
dodat
View
224
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Definition
The World of Rating Tools
Tool Families
Family Heritage
Primary Topics
Providers
Launch Timeline
Tool Dimensions
Continuum of Use Cases
User Orientation of Select North American Tools
Tools Survey
International Standards
Bibliography
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
20
21
Contents
A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools 1
urban sustainability rating tool
The built environment beyond individual buildings, from neighborhood increments
up to entire cities, and their principal components.
Delivering wholistic or incremental well-being within the biosphere’s capacity to sustain it for generations.
An assessment that includes a quantitative element.
A stand-alone procedure offered publicly to national or international markets, now or
by 2015.
Definition
2 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
GRI Const & Real Estate
International
Aqua for Neighborhoods
Brazil
Green Star Communities
South Africa
Pearl Community for Estidama
United Arab Emirates
Green Townships
India
GSAS for Parks
GSAS for Districts
Qatar
GSAS for Railways
IS Rating Tool
Green Star Communities
Australia
Neighborhood Sustainability Framework
New Zealand
MOHURD Eco-Garden City
MEP Eco-City
China
BERDE for Clustered Development
Philippines
GBI Townships
Malaysia
CASBEE for Heat Islands
CASBEE for Cities
CASBEE for Urban Area + Bldgs
Japan
CASBEE for Urban Development
Green Mark for Infrastructure
Green Mark for Districts
Green Mark for Parks
Singapore
EnviroDevelopment
NDRC Low-Carbon City
BEAM Plus Neighborhood Dev. (HK)
HQE for Urban Planning & Dev
France
BREEAM Communities
Austria, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden
CEEQUAL
BREEAM Communities
One Planet Communities
United Kingdom
Cities Planned Neighborhoods Existing Neighborhoods All Neighborhoods
Transportation & InfrastructureLandscapes & Parks Special Purposes
Tool Families
BREEAM Communities
Germany
DGNB for Business Districts
DGNB for Industrial Locations
DGNB for Urban Districts
LEED for Neighborhood Dev
Canada
2030 Districts
TOD Standard
Greenroads
INVEST
Living Community Challenge
Livability Index
SITES
Local Energy Scoring Tool
STARS - AASHED
Envision
BRT Standard
WalkScore
Density-VMT Calculator
H+T A�ordability Index
2
Cooperative Sanctuary
Coastal Resilience Index
Comp Plans for Sustaining Places
Enterprise Communities
Green Land Development
STAR Community
Climate Positive Development
Sustainable Communities
LEED for Neighborhood Dev
Signature
TBL Tool
United States
SEED
PEER
BE ST in Highways
The World of Rating Tools
22 countries and 59 tools
3A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
0 5 10 15 20 25
Special Purposes
Transportation & Infrastructure
Landscapes & Parks
All Neighborhoods
Existing Neighborhoods
Planned Neighborhoods
Cities
Tools
Tool Families
Based on geographic scale and topical focus
4 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Urban SustainabilityRating Tools
Family Heritage
GreenBuildingRating
Systems
UrbanIndicators
SustainabilityAppraisal
5A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Frequency of rating category titles in 59 surveyed tools.
Primary Topics
6 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Providers
Government Agencies 24%
Green Building Organizations 26%
Educational Institutions 4%
Housing/Environmental Groups 12%
Urban Planning Groups 10%
Organizations Dedicated to Specific Tools
16%
Civil Engineering Groups 8%
7A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
CEEQUALChina EcoCity
China EcoGardenEnterprise
Green Neigh.
CASBEEEnviroDev
LEED-ND WalkScore BREEAMChina LCEcoDist.GSAS
AASHE STARSEnvision
Green TwnshpGreenroads
H+THQE
N.Z. NSFPearlSITES
DGNBGBI Twnshp
2030 DistBRT Std
GLDGreenStar
STAR Comm
AquaBERDEGRI-G4TOD Std
APA-CPSPLCC
AARP L.I.
Launch Timeline
Also: Cooperative Sanctuary, 1991; Signature, 1993
8 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tool Dimensions
Scope & Scale• Topical scope• Physical scale• Minimum elements
Usefulness• Value proposition• Efficiency: effort vs. benefit
Standards Conformity• Tool development• Rating criteria• Tool maintenance
Maturity & Impact• Years operating• Ratings performed• Tool versions• National or intl. market• Market uptake• Empirical results
Costs to Use• Time• Fees• Documentation• Process
Tool Administration• Business model• Tool delivery method• Staffing/support infrastructure• Languages• Ancillary services (training,
credential)
Rating Procedure• Responsible party• Transparency• Verification• Local adaptability• Monitoring/re-certification
Rating Criteria• Creation process• Technical rigor• Scoring & weighting• Trade-off reconciliation• Mandatory vs. optional• Prescriptive vs. performance• Criteria maintenance
Users• Households• Businesses• Neighborhood organizations• Designers• Developers• Local government• Disadvantaged groups
9A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Continuum of Use Cases
Walk Score EcoDistricts Green Townships LEED-ND Green Star One Planete.g.
Online, simple score, no record,
no cost
Downloadable framework for
local adaptation, self-assessment,
no cost
Single transaction plans review, simple rating
system with fee
Single transaction plans review,
complex rating system with fee
Multiple transaction
plans review and periodic re-exam
with fees
Multi-year immersion,
complex rating system, ongoing
costs
10 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
User Orientation of Select North American Tools
Tools
Users
Bus
ines
ses
Ho
useh
old
s
Dis
adva
ntag
ed
Gro
ups
Nei
ghb
orh
oo
d
Org
aniz
atio
ns
Des
igne
rs
Develop
ers
Loca
l G
over
nmen
t
Walk Score • • • • • •EDA TBL Tool • • • • •EcoDistricts • • • • •Enterprise • • • • •AARP Livability Index • • • • •H+T Affordability Index • • • •LEED-ND • • •SITES • • •Envision • • •Living Community Challenge • • •
11A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Cities
CASBEE for Cities Institute for Bldg Environment & Energy Conservation, Japan
http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/
Nature conservation, local environmental quality, resource recycling, carbon dioxide absorption, living environment, social services, social vitality, industrial vitality, financial vitality, carbon dioxide trading
Comprehensive Plans for Sustaining Places
American Planning Assn, US https://www.planning.org/sustainingplaces/compplanstandards/
Livable built environment, harmony with nature, resilient economy, interwoven equity, healthy community, responsible regionalism
Eco-City Ministry of Environmental Protection, China
N/A Construction plan, independent environmental agencies, energy savings, environmental quality, ecological construction
Eco-Garden City Ministry of Housing & Urban-Rural Development, China
N/A Comprehensiveness, green space, cultural and natural landscapes, urban living environment, community participation, exemplary policy implementation
Low-Carbon City National Development & Reform Commission, China
N/A Integration of climate protection, green development, industrial GHG emissions, GHG emission database, low-carbon lifestyles
STAR Community STAR Communities, US http://www.starcommunities.org/
Built environment, climate & energy, economy & jobs, education arts & community, equity & empowerment, health & safety, natural systems, innovation & process
Sustainable Communities
Audubon International, US (available internationally, and for Existing Neighborhoods)
http://www.auduboninternational.org/sustainable-communities-program
Agriculture, economic development & tourism, education, environment, governance, housing, open space & land-use, planning zoning building & development, population, public safety & emergency management, recreation, resource use, volunteerism & civic engagement, transportation
Tools Survey
12 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Planned Neighborhoods
Aqua for Neighborhoods Vanzolini Foundation, Brazil (with Certivea/France - HQE)
http://vanzolini.org.br/conteudo-aqua.asp?cod_site=104&id_menu=760
Territory and local context, density, mobility and accessibility, heritage, landscape and identity, adaptability and evolutionary potential, water, energy and climate, supplies and equipment urban, residues, ecosystems and biodiversity, natural and technological risks, health, economy, functions and plurality, environments and public spaces, insertion and training, attractiveness, economic dynamics and structures of local training
BEAM Plus Neighborhood
Hong Kong Green Building Council (China)(tentative launch 2015)
https://www.hkgbc.org.hk/upload/9.BEAMPlus/BEAM-Plus-Neighbourhood_Info-Sheet.pdf
Community, site, material, energy aspects, water, outdoor environmental quality, innovations
BERDE for Clustered Residential Development
Philippine Green Bldg Council
http://philgbc.net/berde/berde-nc/1.1.0/BERDE-NC-CRD-v110.pdf
Management, land-use and ecology, water, energy, transportation, indoor environmental quality, materials, emissions, waste, heritage conservation, innovation
BREEAM Communities BRE Trust, Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
http://www.breeam.org/page.jsp?id=372
Governance, social & economic, well-being, resources & energy, land-use & ecology, transport & movement, innovation
CASBEE for Urban Area + Bldgs
Institute for Bldg Environment & Energy Conservation, Japan
http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/
Natural environment, area service functions, contribution to community, microclimate impact, social infrastructure, environmental management
CASBEE for Urban Development
Institute for Bldg Environment & Energy Conservation, Japan
http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/
Natural environment, area service functions, contribution to community, microclimate impact, social infrastructure, environmental management
Tools Survey
13A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Planned Neighborhoods
Climate Positive Development
C40 Cities, US http://www.c40.org/networks/climate_positive_development
Thermal & electrical energy use, waste, transportation
DGNB for Business Districts
German Sustainable Building Council
http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/schemes/scheme-overview
Only available in German
DGNB for Industrial Locations
German Sustainable Building Council
http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/schemes/scheme-overview
Only available in German
DGNB for Urban Districts
German Sustainable Building Council
http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/schemes/scheme-overview/neubau_stadtquartiere.php
Land-use, life-cycle-costs, social & commercial infrastructure, quality of public-transport infrastructure, participation
Enterprise Green Communities
Enterprise Green Communities
http://www.enterprisecommunity.com/solutions-and-innovation/enterprise-green-communities
Integrative design, location & neighborhood fabric, site improvements, water conservation, energy efficiency, materials beneficial to the environment, healthy living environment, operations & maintenance
EnviroDevelopment Urban Development Institute of Australia
http://www.envirodevelopment.com/default.asp
Ecosystems, waste, energy, materials, water, community
14 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Survey
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Planned Neighborhoods
HQE for Urban Planning & Development
HQE Association, France(Cerway outside France)
http://assohqe.org.hqe/spip.php?rubrique11http://www.certivea.fr/nos-certifications/certifications-pour-territoires-durables
Territory and local context, density, mobility and accessibility, heritage landscape and identity, adaptability and evolutionary potential, water, energy and climate, supplies and equipment urban, residues, ecosystems and biodiversity, natural and technological risks, health, economy, funtions and plurality, environments and public spaces, insertion and training, attractiveness, economic dynamics and structures of local training
GBI Township Tool Green Bldg Index, Malaysia http://.greenbuildingindex.org/Resources/GBI%20Tools/GBI%20Township%20Tool%20V1.0%20Pilot%20Final.pdf
Climate, energy, water, environment &ecology, community planning & development,transportation & development, buildings & resources, business & innovation
Global Sustainability Assessment System for Districts
Gulf Organization for Research & Dev, Qatar
Districts criteria are proprietary; general guidance at http://www.gord.qa/uploads/pdf/GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.1.pdf
Urban connectivity, site, energy, water, materials, outdoor environment, cultural and economic value, management and operations
Green Land Development
Home Innovation Research Labs, US
http://www.homeinnovation.com/services/certification/green_homes/land_development_certification
Site design and development, lot selection, project team and mission, innovative practices
15A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Planned Neighborhoods
Green Mark for Districts
Bldg & Construction Authority, Singapore
http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/GM_District_V2.pdf
Energy efficiency, water management, materials & waste management, environmental planning, green buildings & transport, community & innovation
Green Star Communities Green Bldg Council of Australia (also South Africa GBC)
http://www.gbca.org.au/green-star/green-star-communities/
Livability, economic prosperity, environment, design, governance, innovation
Green Townships Indian GBC, India http://igbc.in/site/igbc/testigbc.jsp?desc=267002&event=267001
Site selection & planning, land-use planning, transportation planning, infrastructure resource management, innovation in design & technology
LEED for Neighborhood Development
US Green Bldg Council, US (available internationally)
http://www.usgbc.org/resources/leed-neighborhood-development-v2009-current-version
Smart location & linkage, neighborhood pattern & design, green infrastructure & buildings, innovation & design process
LEED for Neighborhood Development - Canada
Canada Green Bldg Council http://www.cagbc.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=8789
Smart location & linkage, neighborhood pattern & design, green infrastructure & buildings, innovation & design process
16 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Planned Neighborhoods
One Planet Communities BioRegional, UK (also Canada)
http://www.oneplanetcommunities.org/
Zero carbon, zero waste, sustainable transport, sustainable materials, local & sustainable food, sustainable water, land-use & wildlife, culture & heritage, equity & local economy, health & happiness
Pearl Community for Estidama
Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council, United Arab Emirates
http://estidama.upc.gov.ae/pearl-rating-system-v10/pearl-community-rating-system.aspx?lang=en-US
Integrated design process, natural systems, livable communities, precious water, resourceful energy, stewarding materials, innovating practice
Signature Audubon International, US (available internationally)
http://www.auduboninternational.org/signature
Siting, planning & design, construction, long-term management
Tools for Existing Neighborhoods
2030 Districts Architecture 2030, US http://www.2030districts.org/
Energy, water, transportation, emissions
Livability Index American Assn of Retired Persons, US
http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/liv_com/2014/livability-index-project-AARP-ppi-liv-com.pdf
Housing, environment, neighborhood, transportation, health, civic engagement, equity & opportunity, recreation & culture
Tools Survey
17A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for All Neighborhoods
Neighborhood Sustainability Framework
Beacon Pathway, NZ http://www.beaconpathway.co.nz/neighbourhoods/article/the_neighbourhood_sustainability_framework
Neighborhood satisfaction, minimized costs, maximized biophysical health, appropriate resource use & climate protection, effective governance & civic life, functional flexibility
Living Community Challenge
International Living Future Institute, US
http://living-future.org/lcc Limits to growth, urban agriculture, habitat exchange, human powered living, net positive water, net positive energy, civilized environment, healthy neighborhood design, biophilic environment, resilient community connections, living materials plan, embodied carbon footprint, net positive waste, human scale + humane places, universal access to nature & place, universal access to community services, equitable investment, just organizations, beauty + spirit, inspiration + education
Tools for Landscapes & Parks
Cooperative Sanctuary Audubon International, US (available internationally)
http://www.auduboninternational.org/acsp
Outreach & education, resource management, water quality and conservation, wildlife & habitat management
Global Sustainability Assessment System for Parks
Gulf Organization for Research & Dev, Qatar
http://www.gord.qa/uploads/pdf/GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.1.pdf (general guidance)
Unavailable
18 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Landscapes & Parks
Green Mark for Existing Parks; for New Parks
Bldg & Construction Authority, Singapore
http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/GM_NewParks_v1.pdf ; http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/GM_ExistingParks_v1.pdf
Waste & material minimization, water efficiency, energy efficiency, park management, conservation & heritage, innovation
SITES (Sustainable SITES Initiative)
Univ of Texas at Austin/US Botanic Garden/ASLA, US
http://www.sustainablesites.org/
Site selection, pre-design assessment & planning, site design - water, site design - soil & vegetation, site design - materials selection, site design - human health & well-being, construction, operations & maintenance,
Tools for Transportation & Infrastructure
BE2ST-in-Highways University of Wisconsin, US http://rmrc.wisc.edu/be2st-in-highways/
Life cycle cost, energy, recycling, hazardous waste, water, noise, social carbon cost
BRT Standard Institute for Transportation & Development Policy, US
https://go.itdp.org/display/live/The+BRT+Standard
Service planning, infrastructure, stations, communications, access and integration
CEEQUAL Institution of Civil Engineers, UK (available internationally)
http://www.ceequal.com/methodology.html
Contract strategy & management, people & communities, land-use & landscape, historic environment, ecology & biodiversity, water, physical resource use & management, transportation, effects on neighbors, relations with local community & stakeholders
Density-VMT Calculator ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability, US
http://www.icleiusa.org/library/documents/8-Density-VMT%20Calculator%20(2).xls/view
Building density, vehicle miles traveled
Tools Survey
19A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Transportation & Infrastructure
Envision Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure, US
http://www.sustainableinfrastructure.org/rating/index.cfm
Project pathway contribution, project strategy and management, communities and efficiencies, land-use and restoration, landscapes, ecology and biodiversity, water resources and environment, energy and carbon, resource management, transportation
Global Sustainability Assessment System for Railways
Gulf Organization for Research & Dev, Qatar
http://www.gord.qa/uploads/pdf/GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.1.pdf (general guidance)
Unavailable
Green Mark for Infrastructure
Bldg & Construction Authority, Singapore
http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/GM_Infra_V1.pdf
Landscape ecology & land efficiency, energy, renewable energy, water, project management, waste management & environmental protection, innovation
Greenroads Greenroads Foundation, US https://www.greenroads.org/
Project requirements, environment & water, access & equity, construction activities, materials & resources, pavement technologies
INVEST U.S. Dept of Transportation, Federal Hwy Administration, US
https://www.sustainablehighways.org/
Integrated planning, economic development and land-use, linking asset management and planning, stormwater, recycle materials, construction waste management, pavement management system, road weather management program
IS Rating Tool Infrastructure Sustainability Council of Australia
http://www.isca.org.au/is-rating-scheme/is-overview/is-rating-tool
Transport, water, communications, energy
PEER Perfect Power Institute, US http://perfectpowerinstitute.org/apply-peer
Enabling customer action; operational efficiency; reliability, power quality, and safety; energy efficiency & environment
20 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Transportation & Infrastructure
TOD Standard Institute for Transportation & Development Policy, US
https://go.itdp.org/display/live/ About+the+TOD+Standard
Walk, cycle, connect, transit, mix, densify, compact, shift
Walk Score Walk Score, US http://www.walkscore.com/
Walk, bike, transit
Tools for Special Purposes
CASBEE for Heat Islands
Institute for Bldg Environment & Energy Conservation, Japan
http://www.ibec.or.jp/CASBEE/english/
Only available in Japanese
Coastal Resilience Index Southern Climate Impacts Planning Program, NOAA, and Sea Grant, US
http://www.southernclimate.org/documents/resources/Coastal_Resilience_Index_Sea_Grant.pdf
Critical infrastructure & facilities, transportation, community plans, mitigations, business plans, social systems
Global Reporting Initiative - Construction & Real Estate Sector
Global Reporting Initiative, international (The Netherlands)
https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/GRI-G4-Construction-and-Real-Estate-Sector-Disclosures.pdf
Economy, environment, labor practices, human rights, society, product responsibility
H+T Affordability Index Center for Neighborhood Technology, US
http://htaindex.cnt.org/ Housing costs, transportation costs
Tools Survey
21A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories
Tools for Special Purposes
Local Energy Efficiency Self-Scoring Tool
American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, US
http://www.aceee.org/local-policy/scoring-tool
Local government operations, community-wide initiatives, building policies, energy & water utilities, transportation
SEED Design Corps, US http:///www.seednetwork.org/certification
Social, economic, environmental
STARS - Sustainability Tracking Assessment & Rating System
Assn for Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education, US
https://stars.aashe.org/ Academics, engagement, operations, planning and administration, innovation
Triple Bottom Line Tool US Economic Development Administration
http://www.tbltool.org/ Quality jobs, sound investment, industry eco-efficiency, green design & construction, green operations, place-making & accessibility, environmental health, governance
22 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Standards Administrators Websites Scope
Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response
The Sphere Project http://www.sphereproject.org/ Water supply, sanitation and hygiene promotion, food security, nutrition and aid, shelter, settlement and non-food items, health services
International Standard 17065 - Requirements for Bodies Certifying Products, Processes & Services
International Standards Organization
http://www.iso.orgobp/ui/#iso:std:46568:en
General, structural, resource, process, management
International Standard 37120 - Sustainable Dev of Communities - Indicators for City Services & Quality of Life (also see 37101, 37150)
International Standards Organization
http://www.iso.org/iso/37120_briefing_note.pdf
Economy, education, energy, environment recreation, safety, shelter, solid waste, telecommunications, innovation, finance, fire, emergency response, governance, health, transportation, urban planning, wastewater, water, sanitation
Sustainability Assessment & Measurement Principles (Bellagio STAMP)
International Institute for Sustainable Development, Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development
http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2009/brochure_bellagiostamp.pdf
Guiding vision, essential considerations, adequate scope, framework and indicators, transparency, effective communication, broad participation, continuity and capacity
International Standards
International standards relevant to the rating of urban sustainability
23A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
American Institute of Architects, Quantifying Sustainability: A Study of Three Sustainable Building Rating Systems, AIA, May 2008.
Aranoff, Miriam, et al, LEED for Neighborhood Development: Does it Capture Livability? Berkeley Planning Journal, Vol 26, 2013.
Berardi, U., Sustainability Assessment of Urban Communities Through Rating Systems, Environment, Development & Sustainability, 2013.
Black, Elissa, Green Neighborhood Standards from a Planning Perspective: LEED-ND, Focus: Journal of City & Regional Planning, Cal Poly, 2008.
Blair, John, et al, Affordability and Sustainability Outcomes: a Triple Bottom Line Assessment of Traditional Development and Master Planned Communities, Australian Housing & Urban Research Institute, June 2004.
Blair, John, et al, Affordability and Sustainability of Greenfield Suburban Development and Master Planned Communities – a Case Study Approach to Triple Bottom Line Assessment, Australian Housing & Urban Research Institute, May 2003.
Cable, Faith, Sustainable Neighborhood Rating Systems: An International Comparison, Berlin Technical University, July 2008.
Campbell, Scott, Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities? Journal of the American Planning Assn, 1996.
Dalai-Clayton, Barry, and Sadler, Barry, Sustainability Appraisal: a Sourcebook and Reference Guide to International Experience, Routledge, May 2014.
Ewing, Reid, et al, Prediction of Transportation Outcomes for LEED-ND Pilot Projects, Journal of Planning Education & Research, April 2013.
Fitzgerald, Joan, District-Scale Sustainability Scan, Northeastern University, 2014.
Frame, B, and Vale, R, Increasing Uptake of Low Impact Urban Design & Development: the Role of Sustainability Assessment Systems, Journal of Local Environment, June 2006.
Garde, Ajay, Sustainable by Design? Insights from U.S. LEED-ND Pilot Projects, Journal of the American Planning Assn, 2009.
Gasparatos, A., and Scolobig, A., Choosing the Most Appropriate Sustainability Assessment Tool, Journal of Ecological Economics, June 2012.
Gil, J and Duarte, J, Tools for Evaluating the Sustainability of Urban Design: a Review, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 2011.
Haapio, Appu, Towards Sustainable Urban Communities, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment Review, September 2011.
Hammer, Janet, Development That Adds Up: Accounting for the Social Bottom Line of Triple Bottom Line Investment, Portland State University, 2009.
Harrell, Rodney, et al, Is This a Good Place to Live? Measuring Community Quality of Life for All Ages, AARP, Washington DC, April 2014.
Bibliography
24 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Bibliography
HDR Inc, Sustainable Rating Systems Overview, HDR Inc, undated.
Horner, M. et al, editors, Book of Abstracts, International Conferences on Whole Life Urban Sustainability and Its Assessment, SUE-MOT, June 2007 and April 2009.
Hurley, Joe, and Horne, Ralph, Review and Analysis of Tools for the Implementation and Assessment of Sustainable Urban Development, Environmental Institute of Australia and New Zealand, 2006.
Hurley, Joe, et al, Ecological Footprint as an Assessment Tool for Urban Development, RMIT University, 2007.
ICLEI, A Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Community Frameworks, ICLEI, September 2008.
Joss, Simon, and Tomozeiu, Daniel, Eco-City Frameworks – A Global Overview, University of Westminster, December 2013.
Joss, Simon, ed, Tomorrow’s City Today – Eco-City Indicators, Standards and Frameworks, Bellagio Conference Report, University of Westminster, December 2012.
Karol, Elizabeth, Tools for Measuring Progress Towards Sustainable Neighborhood Environments, Journal of Sustainability, 2009.
King, Ruthie, LEED for Neighborhood Development: Programming Urban Sustainability, Columbia University, April 2011.
Kyrkou, D., and Karthaus, R., Urban Sustainability Standards: Predetermined Checklists or Adaptable Frameworks? Procedia Engineering, 2011.
McCreadie, Martin, Assessment of Sustainability Tools, Building Research Establishment, July 2004.
Moos, Markus, et al, Does Design Matter? The Ecological Footprint as a Planning Tool at the Local Level, Journal of Urban Design, June 2006.
Murakami, Shuzo, et al, CASBEE: A Decade of Development & Application of an Environmental Assesment System for the Built Environment, Institute for Building Environment & Energy Conservation, April 2014.
Novitski, B., It Isn’t Easy Grading Green, Green Source, May 2010.
Pinter, Laszlo, et al, Bellagio STAMP: Principles for Sustainability Assessment & Measurement, Journal of Ecological Indicators, 2012.
Reed, Richard, et al, A Comparison of International Sustainable Building Tools – An Update, Pacific Rim Real Estate Society, January 2011.
Retzlaff, Rebecca, Green Building Assessment Systems: A Framework & Comparison for Planners, Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol 4, No 4, 2008.
Rinchumpoo, Damrongsak, Rating for Sustainable Subdivision Neighborhood Design, Queensland University of Technology, 2013.
25A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
Roos, Phillip, et al, Guide to Sustainability Rating Tools for Buildings & Infrastructure, Sinclair-Knight-Merz, undated.
Sharifi, Ayyoob, and Murayama, Akito, Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment in Action: Cross-Evaluation of Three Assessment Systems, Building & Environment, 2013.
Sharifi, Ayyoob, and Murayama, Akito, A Critical Review of Seven Selected Neighborhood Sustainability Assessment Tools, Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment Review, June 2012.
Sharifi, Ayyoob, et al, The Potential of CASBEE-Urban Development for Delivering Sustainable Communities, Journal of International City Planning, 2012.
Singh, Rajesh, et al, An Overview of Sustainability Assessment Methodologies, Journal of Ecological Indicators, 2008.Srinivasan, Ravi, et al, Sustainability Assessment Frameworks, Evaluation Tools and Metrics for Buildings and Environment – A Review, International Building Performance Simulation Association, 2011.
Sullivan, Lewis, et al, Neighborhood Sustainability Frameworks – A Literature Review, University College London, May 2014.
Talen, Emily, Allen, Eliot, et al, LEED-ND as an Urban Metric, Journal of Landscape & Urban Planning, July 2013.
Teriman, Suharto, et al, Sustainable Urban Development: A Quadruple Bottom Line Assessment Framework, Queensland University, 2009.
Therivel, Riki, Sustainable Urban Environment – Metrics, Models and Toolkits: Analysis of Sustainability/Social Tools, Levett-Therivel, June 2004.
U.S. Green Building Council, Technical Guidance Manual for Sustainable Neighborhoods: How to Use LEED-ND to Evaluate and Amend Local Plans and Codes, USGBC, 2013.
Waldron, David, et al, Regenerative Neighborhoods – Scaling Up From Net Positive Buildings, Canada Green Building Council, June 2013.
Waldron, David, and Miller, Devon, Regenerative Sustainability at the Neighborhood Scale, University of British Columbia, February 2013.
Zhou, N, et al, China’s Development of Low-Carbon Eco-Cities and Associated Indicator Systems, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, July 2012.
Zhou, N, et al, A Low Carbon Development Guide for Local Government Actions in China, Carbon Management, June 2011.