A Gallery Of Dyadic Concordance Type (DCT) Graphics Murray A. Straus Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 603-862-2594

A Gallery Of Dyadic Concordance Type (DCT) GraphicsMurray A. Straus

Family Research Laboratory, University of New HampshireDurham, NH 03824 603-862-2594 [email protected]

To download papers on DCTs, click http://pubpages.unh.edu/~mas2/CONTENTS

PART A. Percent Of Relationships In Each DCT 1. Physical Assault2. Injured Partner3. Sexually Coerced4. Psychological Aggression5. Other Maladaptive Behavior6. Concordance Between Parents In Child Socialization

PART B. Correlates Of Being In each DCT1. Relation of Couple DCTs To Partner Problems2. Relation of Parent Behavior to Child Problems

mailto:[email protected]

PART APercent Of Relationships

In Each DCT

1. Physically Assaulted Partner

Male-Only Female-Only

Both-As-

saulted


Both-As-

saulted

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

12

26

63

22 23

54

Male Respondents Female Respondents

%

Dyadic Concordance Types for Minor AssaultU.S. National Comorbidity Study (N=8,098)

3Kessler, R. C., Molnar, B. E., Feurer, I. D., & Appelbaum, M. (2001). Patterns and mental health predictors of domestic violence in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. International Journal Of Law And Psychiatry, 24(4-5), 487-508.

Couple prevalence of assault in past year according to Men 21%Women 23%


Both-Assault


Both-Assault

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2

54

44

23

20

57


%

Dyadic Concordance Types for Severe AssaultU.S. National Comorbidity Study (N=8,098)

4Kessler, R. C., Molnar, B. E., Feurer, I. D., & Appelbaum, M. (2001). Patterns and mental health predictors of domestic violence in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. International Journal Of Law And Psychiatry, 24(4-5), 487-508.

Couple prevalence of assault in past year according to Men 6%Women 8%

5Straus, M. A., & Michel-Smith, Y. (2013). Mutuality, severity, and chronicity of violence by Father-Only, Mother-Only, and mutually violent parents as reported by university students in 15 nations. Child Abuse Negl. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.004

Couple Prevalence:14%

Note:Data for parents as reported by students

Concordance In Assault Between Parents Of University Students In 15 Nations* 14% of parents had one or more violent incidents when student was 10* Among this 14%: Predominant pattern was Both-Violent. Next was Father-Only, Mother-Only almost as high

Father-Only Mother-Only Both-Assault0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2522

52

Same as slide 11

Dyadic Concordance for Any & Severe Assault, 1,157 University Student CouplesComparison CTS Short-Form and Full CTS2

6

Straus, M. A. and E. M. Douglas (2004). "A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and typologies for severity and mutuality." Violence and Victims 19: 507-520.

Male-only Female-only Both Assault0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

9.4

28

63

8.9

20

72Short Form Full Form

*Couple Prevalence according to:Short Form: 19% Full Form: 31%

ANY ASSAULT

Male-only Female-only Both Assault0

10

20

30

40

50

60

16

34

51

15

37

46

Short Form Full Form

SEVERE ASSAULT*Couple Prevalence according to:

Short Form: 6% Full Form: 12%

2. Injured Partner

Male-Only

Female-Only

Both-In-jured

Male-Only

Female-Only

Both-In-jured

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

38

5

45

16

35

Chart Title

Any Injury Perpetrated Medical Treatment Needed

%

Dyadic Concordance In Injury180 Couples In Military Treatment Program For Domestic Violence

8Cantos, Arthur L., Neidig, Peter H., & O'Leary, K Daniel. (1994). Injuries of women and men in a treatment program for domestic violence. Journal of Family Violence, 9(2), 113-124.

Couple Injury Prevalence 65%

%

Dyadic Concordance Types for Injury As Reported By Men And WomenAge 24-33 (National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health N=4,795)

9

Couple Prevalence according to:

Males: 4%Females: 4%

Tillyer, M. S., & Wright, E. M. (2014). Intimate Partner Violence and the Victim-Offender Overlap. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 51(1), 29-55. doi: 10.1177/0022427813484315

Note: DTs are for the sub group of couples in which there was assault Male-only Female-only Both Injured

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

14

66

20

48

26 26


Dyadic Concordance Types Type

%

Dyadic Concordance In Injury Among 481 University Student Couples

10Hines, D. A., & Saudino, K. J. (2003). Gender Differences in Psychological, Physical, and Sexual Aggression Among College Students using the revised Conflict Tactics Scales. Violence & Victims, 18(2), 197-217.

Couple Prevalence according to:

Males: 11%Females: 9%

Male-only Female-only Both Injured0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

23

45

32

24

45

35



3. Sexual Coercion

Male-Only

Female-Only

Both-Coerced

Male-Only

Female-Only

Both-Coerced

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

32

13

55

41

8

51Chart Title


%

Dyadic Concordance In Past Year Sexual CoercionProbability sample of 3,496 adults Age 18-64 In Six European Cities

12

Costa, Diogo, Hatzidimitriadou, Eleni, Ioannidi-Kapolou, Elli, Lindert, Jutta, Soares, Joaquim, Sundin, Örjan, . . . Barros, Henrique. (2014). Intimate partner violence and health-related quality of life in European men and women: findings from the DOVE study. Quality of Life Research, 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s11136-014-0766-9

Couple Prevalence According to: Men: 23%Women: 19%


Both-Co-

ertced


Both-Coerced

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

31

11

58

45

13

42

Chart Title


%

Dyadic Concordance In Sexual Coercion As Reported By 2016 Spanish High School Students

13

Fernández-González, L., O’Leary, K. D., & Muñoz-Rivas, M. J. (2014). Age-Related Changes in Dating Aggression in Spanish High School Students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(6), 1132-1152. doi: 10.1177/0886260513506057 dy Of Social Problems annual meeting, New York 8 August 2013. .

Prevalence Men= 27%Women= 11%

Male-Only Female-Only Both-Coerced0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

42

13

46

%

Dyadic Concordance In Sexual Coercion Among 194 Beijing China Couples

14

Hou, J., Yu, L., Ting, S.-M., Sze, Y., & Fang, X. (2011). The Status and Characteristics of Couple Violence in China. Journal of Family Violence, 26(2), 81-92. doi: 10.1007/s10896-010-9343-3

Couple Prevalence: 24%

Dyadic Concordance Type


Both-Assault


Both-Assault

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

18 18

64

29

11

60Chart Title

Short Form Full Form

%

Dyadic Concordance In Any Sexual Coercion By 1,157 University Students Comparison of CTS Short-Form with Full CTS2

15

Prevalence Short: 13%Full: 20%

Straus, M. A. and E. M. Douglas (2004). "A short form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and typologies for seventy and mutuality." Violence and Victims 19: 507-520.

4. Psychological AggressionAgainst Partner

Male-Only Female-Only Both-Aaggressed0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2022

58

Chart Title

%

Dyadic Concordance In Psychological Aggression Among 194 Beijing China Couples

17

Hou, J., Yu, L., Ting, S.-M., Sze, Y., & Fang, X. (2011). The Status and Characteristics of Couple Violence in China. Journal of Family Violence, 26(2), 81-92. doi: 10.1007/s10896-010-9343-3



Mal

e-on

ly

Femal

e-on

lyBot

h0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1923

58

1922

59

80th Percentile

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

139

78

913

78

18

Straus, Murray A. (2014). Dyadic Concordance Types And Discordance In Three Partner Abuse Behaviors And Other Problematic Behavior By Male And Female Partners In A National Sample Of American Couples. Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire. Durham, NH. (For sample description, see Gelles, R., & Straus, M. A. (1988). Intimate violence: The causes and consequences of abuse in the American family. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.)


Dyadic Concordance In Frequent Psychological Aggression (50th & 80th Percentile) by 6,002 Couples in 2nd National Family Violence Survey

%



50th Percentile

Male Female

Male-Only Female-Only Both-Aggresed0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

16

23

60Chart Title

%

Dyadic Concordance In Psychological Aggression By 202 Couples In First Year Of Marriage

19

Prevalence 36%

Prevalence and DTs used data provided by partner who reported a greater frequency of psychological aggression

Cut point for Psychological Aggression: 3 or more times in past year

Panuzio, J., & DiLillo, D. (2010). Physical, Psychological, and Sexual Intimate Partner Aggression Among Newlywed Couples: Longitudinal Prediction of Marital Satisfaction. Journal of Family Violence, 25(7), 689-699. doi: 10.1007/s10896-010-9328-2

5. Other Types Of Maladaptive Behavior

21


Male-only Female-only Both0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

39

12

50

55

8

38

Dyadic Concordance Types For Drunkenness (Any & 3 +) in Past Year 6,002 Couples in the 2nd National Family Violence Survey

%


Male-only Female-only Both0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

50

17

33

72

6

22

3 + Drunkenness Couple Prevalence: 18%\

Respondents Male FemaleAny Drunkenness


%

Male-only Female-only Both Assaulted0

10

20

30

40

50

60

46

20

34

52

17

31


22


Couple Prevalence:

13%

Dyadic Concordance Types For Non-Family Aassault 6,002 Couples in the 2nd National Family Violence Survey

%

Dyadic Concordance Types

Father-Only Mother-Only Both Low 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

19 19

61Chart Title

%

Dyadic Concordance In Low Social ParticipationBy Parents Of 158 Children In 3rd Grade

23

Prevalence 62%

Mother-father r-=.63

Lows social Participation-Degree of participation of respondent in formal and informal social relationships. Example: About how many times in the past year have you attended meetings or affairs of any local organizations, societies or clubs? 0. 13+, 1. 7-12, 2. 4-6, 3. 1-3, 4. none.

Eron, L., et al. (1961). "Comparison of data obtained from mothers and fathers on childrearing practices and their relation to child aggression." Child Development 32: 457-472.

6. Concordance Between Parents In Child Socialization

Father-Only Mother-Only Both-Affectionate0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

7.9

18

74

Chart Title

%

Concordance Between Parents In Verbal Affection To Them As Recalled By 2,548 18-25 Year Old Individuals

25

Prevalence Affection by one or the other parent: 83%

Chart shows which parent did it.

Polcari, A., Rabi, K., Bolger, E., & Teicher, M. H. (2014). Parental verbal affection and verbal aggression in childhood differentially influence psychiatric symptoms and wellbeing in young adulthood. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(1), 91-102. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.003

Father-Only

Mother-Only

Both Re-jected

Father-Only

Mother-Only

Both Re-jected

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

12

20

68

14

20

66Chart Title

Male Students Female Students

%

Concordance In Rejection By Parents, At Or Above 60th Percentile As Reported By University Students In 15 Nations

26

Unpublished data from International Parenting Study. Sample is described in Straus, M. A., & Michel-Smith, Y. (2014). Mutuality, severity, and chronicity of violence by Father-Only, Mother-Only, and mutually violent parents as reported by university students in 15 nations. Child Abuse Negl, 38(4), 664-676. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.004

Prevalence of childhood rejection of Men: 53%Women: 57%

The high rate is because child was classified as rejected if either parent’s rejection score was at or above 60th percentile. The bars indicate the % of that subgroup in each type

27

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

12

21

67


Concordance Between Parents in Corporal Punishment At Age 10 of University Students in 15 nations (N=11,408)

% Of Families

Straus, M.A. Crime by University Students In 15 Nations: Links To Spanking And Positive Parenting At Age 10 By Father, Mother, And Both Parents. Paper presented at the American Society of Criminology annual meeting. Atlanta, Georgia. 22 November, 2013

DT-CP 02

%

Taylor, C. A., Lee, S. J., Guterman, N. B., & Rice, J. C. (2010). Use of Spanking for 3-Year-Old Children and Associated Intimate Partner Aggression or Violence. Pediatrics, 415-424.

Father-Only Mother-Only Both-Spanked0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

19

36

45Spanked in past month:65%

Concordance Between Parents In Spanking 3 Year Old Children in The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n=1,997)


Father-Only Pun-ishes

Mother-Only Pun-ishes

Both Punish28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

31

36

33

Chart Title

%

Dyadic Concordance Types For High Punishment of Child for Dependency By Parents Of 158 Children In 3rd Grade

29

Percent of children experiencing high punishment: 72%

Mother-Father r= -.04

Punishment for Dependency-Rewards and punishments of various intensities administered by socializing agent when child asks for help. Ex- ample: What do you usually do when NAME asks for help? (Each response was rated by three

Eron, L., et al. (1961). "Comparison of data obtained from mothers and fathers on childrearing practices and their relation to child aggression." Child Development 32: 457-472.

PART BCorrelates of Being In eachDyadic Concordance Type

1. Relation of Couple DCTs ToPartner Problems

31

Neither Self-Only Partner-Only Both-Abuse*8.5

13.5

18.5

23.5

28.5

33.5

38.5

43.5

48.5

53.5

58.5

34

48

43

53

37

42

5046WHO

Depressive Scale

Percentile

Relation of Couple Concordance In Assault To DepressionDating Relationships Of University Students In 15 Nations (N=11,408)


MEN WOMEN

No Violence: Women higher in depression than menAmong Victims: Women victims higher in depression than male victimsAmong Perpetrators: Male perpetrators higher in depression than femaleBoth Assault, i.e. both are victims and also perpetrators: Men higher in depression

Straus, Muray A., & Winstok, Zeev. (2013). Relation of Dyadic Concordance-Discordance Types of Partner Violence to Depression of Male and Female University Students in 15 Nations. Paper presented at the Society for the Study of Social Problems, New York.


32

Neither

Male

-Only

Female

-Only

Both Assa

ulted

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

48

10

40

Depression


Figure 3. Relation Of Couple Concordance In Assault To Depression Of1,026 Predominantly Low Income Men Presenting At Urban Public Hospital Emergency Room

Rhodes, Karin V., Houry, Debra, Cerulli, Catherine, Straus, Helen, Kaslow, Nadine J., & McNutt, Louise-Anne. (2009). Intimate Partner Violence and Comorbid Mental Health Conditions Among Urban Male Patients. Annals of Family Medicine, 7(1), 47-55. doi: 10.1370/afm.936

Couple assault rate37%

33

Self-Only Partner-Only Both-Abused*8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

11

11.5

12

12.5

10 10

12

10 10

12

Depressive symptoms

Relation Of Concordance In Abuse Of Partner* To DepressionAt Previous Interview


Renner, L. M., & Whitney, S. D. (2012). Risk factors for unidirectional and bidirectional intimate partner violence among young adults. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(1), 40-52. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.07.007

* Abuse=one or more times: • Threatened assault• Assault• Insisted on sex• Injured partner

Men WomenDepression mean 9.67 11.1Abused partner % 43% 50%

MEN WOMEN

34

Neither Male-Only Female-Only Both-Coerced44

46

48

50

52

54

56

58

49

51

54 54

50

55

52

57MEN WOMEN

Poor Mental Health

(T score)

Relation of Dyadic Concordance In Lifetime Sexual Coercion To Poor Mental Health Probability sample of 3,496 adults Age 18-64 In Six European Cities)


Costa, Diogo, Hatzidimitriadou, Eleni, Ioannidi-Kapolou, Elli, Lindert, Jutta, Soares, Joaquim, Sundin, Örjan, . . . Barros, Henrique. (2014). Intimate partner violence and health-related quality of life in European men and women: findings from the DOVE study. Quality of Life Research, 1-9. doi: 10.1007/s11136-014-0766-9

2. Relation of Parent Behavior to Child Problems

36

Both-Violent

Mother-Only

Father-Only

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Both Parents Assaulted Dyadic Concordance Type Is Associated WithThe Highest Probability Of The Child Later Assaulting A Partner,

Mother-Only Second Highest, and Father Only Lowest Increase In Probability

Dyadic Concordance

In Assault Between Parents

At Time 1

Percent Increase in Probability Of Assaulting Current Partner

Fehringer, J. A., & Hindin, M. J. (2008). Like Parent, Like Child: Intergenerational Transmission of Partner Violence in Cebu, the Philippines. Journal of Adolescent Health, 44(4), 363-371. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.012

37

Rejection As A Child: Relation Of Concordance Between Parents To Criminal Beliefs Of University Students In 15 Nations

% with high score

on CriminalBeliefs scale

• Male students are more likely to have criminal beliefs

• Effect of rejection is greater for men than for women

• Criminogenic effect of rejection by mothers and by fathers about the same boys

• Example of Criminal Beliefs scale question: It is ok to buy something you knew was stolen

Dyadic Concordance Types of Parental Rejection *

*Rejection measured as scores at above 60th percentile

MEN WOMEN

Sample is described in Straus, M. A., & Michel-Smith, Y. (2014). Mutuality, severity, and chronicity of violence by Father-Only, Mother-Only, and

mutually violent parents as reported by university students in 15 nations. Child Abuse Negl, 38(4), 664-676. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.10.004

38

Neither Father-Only Mother-Only Both-Assault0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

4

18

9

35

1619

22

31% Who Assault

ed Dating Partner

(Any Assault)

The Dyadic Type Make A Difference In the Probability Of Intergenerational Transmission


MEN WOMEN

Straus, M. A., & Michel-Smith, Y. (2012). Relation of violence between parents of university students in 15 nations to student criminogenic beliefs and crime: A comparison of father-only, mother-only, and mutual parental violence Paper presented at the American Society Of Criminology annual meeting, Chicago, 15 November, 2012.

Both-Assault type: Higest intergenerational transmission

Other studies seem to show that it is the Father-Only type because that is the only type studies

Sex of parent by sex of child” effect: • For boys, Father-

Only more associated with assaulting a partner than Mother-Only DT

• For girls, mother-only more associated with assaulting a dating partner

39

Neither Husband-Only Wife-Only Both Assault0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

18 19

28

17

37

47

58

51

%

Violence Between Parents Is Associated With Child Hitting Parents, Especially If Mother Was the Only Parent Who Assaulted

Dyadic Type Of Assault Between Parents

Hit Father Hit Mother

Ulman, A., & Straus, M. A. (2003). Violence by children against mothers in relation to violence between parents and corporal punishment by parents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 34(1), 41-60. Fig 3, p. 53

40

Neither Father-Only Mother-Only Both-Assault0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

35

6570

120

10

25

10

39

In Past Year

Relation Of Witnessing Assault Between Parents Early in Adolescence to Non-Family Crime When An Adult


Assaults by Men Arrests Both-Violent is most criminogenic

When only one parent assaulted:

• Assaults by men: Mother-Only & Father-Only had similar effects

• Arrests: Father-Only more criminogenic than Mother-Only

Straus, M. A. (1992). Children as witnesses to marital violence: A risk factor for life long problems among a nationally representative sample of American men and women. In D. F. Schwartz (Ed.), Children and Violence: Report of the Twenty Third Ross Roundtable on Critical Approaches to Common Pediatric Problems (pp. 98-109). Columbus, Ohio: Ross Laboratories.

Documents

A Gallery Of Dyadic Concordance Type (DCT) Graphics Murray A. Straus Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire Durham, NH 03824 603-862-2594