A framework on Water Governance for practitioners

Presented by Panchali Saikia, SIWI

Swedish Water House Webinar12 May 2020

Water Crisis is a Governance Crisis

A. Akhmouch, F.N. Correia / Utilities Policy 43 (2016)

Practical guidance for decision makers and practitioners on how action-

oriented water governance processes can be meaningfully designed, and

ultimately, how to strengthen efforts aiming to improve water governance.

Unpacking water governance

Aims & Methods

The framework: “what” (the functions), “how” (the attributes), and

“what for” (the outcomes)

Laws, policies and strategies are developed, ratified and entered into force

Policy and

Strategy

Multilevel, multisectorial, multistakeholder cooperation mechanisms

Coordination

Formulation of actionable plans and estimation of costs, contingency plans

Planning & Preparedness

Ability to raise funds from different funding sources

Financing

Organisational, managerial, institutional arrangements that support/undermine the functioning of management entities.

Management arrangements

Systematic processes of collecting, analysing, evaluating, and using data to track performance and inform planning, decision-making.

Monitoring,

Evaluation & Learning

Legal mechanisms, enforcement to ensure that stakeholders fulfil their mandates, that standards, obligations and performance are maintained

Regulations

Systematically stimulate, develop, strengthen, maintain their capabilities over time to set and develop their goals and objectives

Capacity Development

Water Governance Functions

• No pre-established

sequence of functions

for all situations

• Functions are

interrelated

• All functions might not

be fully in place, when

a sector is being

established

• Level and the degree of

implementation of each

core governance

function will vary

depending on the

context.

What entails within each

functions, could either differ or

have common

elements/components across

different water areas

(WaS, WRs, TWs)

Functions across different water areas

Water Governance Attributes

Decision making at

different levels

(vertical) or layers

(horizontal) e.g.

nested, polycentric

Meaningful and active

involvement of a broad

spectrum of

stakeholders,including

vulnerable or

marginalised groups in

decision making

processes

Facilitate open

communication and

discussion through

mediums of debate,

dissent, mediation and

negotiation to create a

common ground of

collective action.

Recognising the rights

of individuals and

groups across di

erent categories,

needs and

vulnerabilities, and

without any kind of

discrimination

Officials/those that

have a responsibility in

water services or

water resources

management account

for their actions and

answer to those

they serve

Openness, public

access to information-

understand decision-

making processes that

affect them, are

knowledgeable about

the standards toexpect

from public officials

Decision-making

around water seeks to

identify and leverage

reliable technical

and scientific,

empirical and

contextual evidence

Processes and

institutions produce

results that meet the

needs of society while

making the best use of

resources at their

disposal

Multi-level

Participation

Accountability

Inclusiveness

Evidence-based

Transparency Efficiency

/Rule of law refers to

having legal

frameworks,mechanis

ms that are designed,

enforced impartially,

in a fair and non-

discriminatory manner,

reflective of HRBA

ability to self-

Organise,

learn,respond, cope,

use adaptive

management

strategies in

situations of

uncertainties, risk and

nonlinearities

(resilience context)

Deliberation

Adaptiveness

Impartiality

Achieve desired outcomes: ‘Four orders of outcomes’

Linkages to values and aspirations

Open Defecation Free (ODF) and Clean India Mission Nationwide Social and

behavioural changeCommunication programmes

‘watermap’, an open platform

launched where each households were

given a certain coloured dot,

depending on their water

consumption. This resulted in

decreased water consumption

City of Cape Town water services

(Waterfront, SIWI)

Thank you

Water governance is thus a combination of functions,

performed with certain attributes,

to achieve one or more desired outcomes,

all shaped by the values and aspirations of individuals and

organizations.

Concluding statements:

1. Although the operational definition directs towards outcomes there could be different entry points

2. Changing values can also be a valid entry point to work with governance

3. The framework will contribute to improved understanding of water governance through in future use:

• Practical application (at national and local level) basing the analysis on the proposed framework;

• To understand how countries self-assess their weaknesses in relation to the framework, and extract general common trends;

• To improve governance intervention design as a result of increased understanding of the water governance pathway

Applying the Water Governance Framework in planning: the WASH BAT and the City Water Resilience Approach

Presented by Ricard Giné, SIWI

Swedish Water House Webinar12 May 2020

Two planning tools

City Water Resilience Approach (CWRA)WASH Bottleneck Analysis Tool (WASH BAT)

• Output: A costed and prioritized plan to

remove the bottlenecks that constrains

progress in the WASH sector

• Scope: Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, WaSH

in Institutions // Rural, Urban, Peri-urban

// National / Sub-national

• Output: A detailed action plan to build

urban water resilience

• Scope: Urban Water System, including

Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, and Water

Resources Management // City

Select Scope of Application

Adjust Building

Blocks + Score criteria

Identify Bottlenecks

Identify Causes of

Bottlenecks

Activities to Remove

Bottlenecks

Timeline, Priority and

Responsibility

Costs and Finances (5 years)

Allocation of Additional

Funds

Outputs, Sequence, M&E Plan

City Water Resilience Approach (CWRA)WASH Bottleneck Analysis Tool (WASH BAT)

In both cases, a tool and a process

City Water Resilience

Framework (CWRF)

OurWater digital tool

e.g., needs to achieve the 2030 Agenda for theWater & Sanitation Sector

e.g., identify the bottlenecks and its causes

e.g., select the activites to remove the bottlenecks and plan for it

e.g., implement the plan and achieve your goals

In both cases, a process and a tool

• Sector Policy and strategy

Sector Policy and strategy

• Coordination

• Service Delivery Arrangements

• Accountability & Regulation

Institutional Arrangements

• Budget & Expenditure

• Financing

Budget & Financing

• Planning

• M & E and learning

Planning, Monitoring and review

• Capacity Development

Capacity Development

• Political leadership

• Decentralisation

• Social Norms

Broader Enabling Environment

• Service Providers

Service Providers

WASH BAT: Integrating Water Governance Functions

WASH BAT: Identifying bottleneck and causes

Give Award Identify bottlenecks and causes

Leadership &

Strategy

Infrastructure &

Ecosystems

Health &

Wellbeing

Planning &

Finance

CWRA: Water Governance is a core component of CWRF

CWRF indicators and goals integrates water governance functions and attributes

➢ 4 Dimensions ➢ 12 goals ➢ 53 sub-goals➢ 63 qualitative

indicators

Assess the urban water resilience using CWRF governance indicators

Cape Town Greater Miami and Beaches

City Water Resilience Action Planning

Key remarks

The WASH BAT and CWRA contributes to improved planning and, ultimately, seek to create the enabling conditions necessary to perform governance initiatives (First Order of outcomes). This is done through a structured, multistakeholder dialogue and consensus-building, based on a comprehensive assessment of all governance functions, and integrating, where applicable, the most relevant governance attributes.

The Water Governance Framework helps …

• to structure and enable a comprehensive discussion - the functions capture the key elements and processes needed to develop and manage water services (what)

• to integrate governance qualities in the assessment - the attributes relate to how the functions are implemented

• to balance the values and aspirations of stakeholders – decisions are made through dialogue and consensus-building

Thank you!

Implementing the source-to-sea governance approachRuth Mathews, Senior Manager, SIWI

Unpacking Water Governance - A Framework for Practitioners

Swedish Water House Webinar| Stockholm, Sweden

12 May 2020

Four orders of outcome

Governance functions & attributes from source to sea

• What is the vision for the future?

• What is the current status of the source-to-sea system and what are the impacts of the changes?

• What behaviours need to change?

• What governance functions need to be in place for the changes in behaviour to occur?

• Who needs to be involved?

Addressing plastic leakage in the Vu Gia Thu Bon River Basin38.6 metric tons per day of plastics are not collected

Urban centres:Highest waste generation (in waste per capita and total amounts), highest collection rates (uncollected: 9.3 ton/day)

Low density settlements and rural areas:Lower waste generation (in waste per capita and total amounts), lower collection rates (uncollected: 22.1 ton/day).

Coastal and/or touristic areas:Higher risk of direct leakage and higher sensitivity to impacts (uncollected 7.3 ton/day).

Source-to-sea stakeholders

• Primary stakeholders: communities in urban, coastal, rural areas, tourism sector, fisher communities.

• Targeted stakeholders: citizens and tourists; waste service providers; waste collectors, transporters and workers; informal waste pickers; markets; dockyards

• Enabling stakeholders: Ministries: Natural Resources and Environment; Construction; Finance; Planning and Investment; Industry and Trade: Culture, Sport and Tourism; Peoples Committees (provincial, district, commune).

• Supporting stakeholders: GIZ, World Bank, ADB, JICA, Japan’s New Energy and Industrial Development Technology Organization (NEDO), China Everbright International Limited, GAIA, Zero Waste Alliance, Hoi An Tourist Association.

• External stakeholders: individuals and groups concerned about marine litter, e.g., Ocean Conservancy, SIWI, IUCN, etc.

The governance system conditions the practices used

•Policy & Strategy

•Coordination

•Planning & preparedness

•Financing

•Management arrangements

•Monitoring, Evaluation and

learning

•Regulation

•Capacity Development

FU

NC

TIO

NS

Source-to-sea governance is: Multi-level, Participatory, Deliberative, Inclusive, Accountable, Transparent, Evidence-based, Efficient, Impartial, Adaptive

Governance at all levels needs to target behaviour change to reach desired outcomes

.

• Implementing the source-to-sea approach: A guide for practitioners• How to implement the

source-to-sea approach in projects and programmes

• Source-to-sea framework for marine litter prevention: Preventing plastic leakage in river basins• Applying the source-to-sea

approach to marine litter prevention

Guidance on implementing the source-to-sea approach

https://www.siwi.org/what-we-do/source-to-sea/

Unpacking Water Governance:At transboundary scale

Kerry Schneider, Program Manager, SIWI

Transboundary Water Management: A Snapshot

Upstream vs Downstream ...

Rivers as Borders...

Water: a complex resource...A Nexus Approach

Natural

Social &Economic

Cultural

Political

Water Diplomacy

Water diplomacy recognizes that there are many different actors that have

the ability to create solution spaces for conflicts over water and that can

create windows of opportunity for cooperation over water. These actors are

inclusive of government officials (state and local level), non-

state/government actors, private sector, civil society, media, and others.

Water diplomacy can help to assess and generate opportunities for

cooperation in shared basins and improve water security.

Klimes, Martina and Yaari, Elizabeth. Water Security in the Middle East –Opportunities and Challenges for Water Diplomacy. Routledge Handbook on Middle East Security, Routledge, London.

Multi-track Water Diplomacy benefits

• Strengthen linkages - political and technical

• Problem-solving activities aimed at building relationships between parties

• Changes in attitudes, new thinking and joint ideas that can inform the official process

• Broaden the diplomatic space to engage stakeholders

• Create vision and shared understanding of technical and water related challenges and mutually beneficial solutions

• Maintain different channels of communication, options should formal relations deteriorate

Klimes, Martina and Yaari, Elizabeth. Water Security in the Middle East –Opportunities and Challenges for Water Diplomacy. Routledge Handbook on Middle East Security, Routledge, London.

(©SIWI/SWP, 2017)

Benefits of Participatory Governance

• Reflect user priorities

• Local buy in and support in implemeting policies

• Inform decision making

• Early warning/ Risk identification and mitigations (quantity and quality)

• More effective implementation and improved outcomes

• Improved access to water for marginalized groups

• Improved data collection

• Strengthens the enabling environment for water infrastructure investments

UNDP-SIWI Water Governance Facility. Issue sheet: Water governance. Stockholm: SIWI.

(©SIWI/SWP, 2017)

(©Auja Center CGIS Programme EcoPeace, 2010)

Coordination over shared waters

Photo Credit: Martina Klimes

Coordination is crucial amongst a diverse stakeholder group:

• Interministerial coordination (MFAs/Water Line/Chambers of Commerce)

• Formal Track I Diplomacy (Geopolitical)

• Across Sectors (Energy/Agriculture/Tourism)

Implementation of water governance’ coordination function – case from Central

Asia

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

EXPERTISE FOR BETTER ENVIRONMENTwww.carececo.org

Anna Inozemtseva, DCoP for the Smart Waters project, Water initiatives support program

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

Basin Planning on Small Watersheds in CA

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

What is Small Basin Council?

• Basin Council – consultative-advisory body

• Structure:✓ SBC chair (1-2

persons)✓ Secretary of SBC (1-2

persons)✓ Members of SBC–10

to 30 people

• Goal and objectives:✓ Joint planning✓ WRM activities coordination✓ Joint elaboration of the vision for the basin

development

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

Case study –the Isfara River Basin

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

Isfara is the River of Friendship

• The River Day – 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019• Joint activities on cleaning the riverbed• Sport’ competition among the countries (on

local level)• Cultural program• Competition of the high-school essays and

paintings• Uzbekistan joined to the celebration in 2017

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

Isfara is the River of Friendship

Thank you!

www.carececo.org

www.riverbp.net

The Regional Environmental Centre for Central Asia

www.carececo.org