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A framework for selecting appropriate online vocabulary learning environments. Dr. Rob Waring Notre Dame Seishin University r obwaring.org. The Balanced Curriculum. Balance in Language Teaching. - provides new knowledge about language features -raises awareness of how the language works - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A framework for selecting appropriate online vocabulary
learning environmentsDr. Rob Waring
Notre Dame Seishin Universityrobwaring.org
The Balanced Curriculum
Receptive Productive
Language Study
• Explicit teaching• Dictionary work• Studying from a
grammar book• Intensive reading• Language awareness
activities• Conscious word learning
• Controlled language production activities.
• Language and pronunciation drills• Gap fill exercises• Memorized dialogs• Sentence completion tasks• Tests
Fluency Practice
• Easy reading• Easy listening• Watching movies• Browsing the Internet• Listening to the radio or
music
• ‘Free’ language production activities.• Casual conversations• Debates and discussions• Email, and online chat• Diary writing• Essays
Balance in Language Teaching
Receptive Productive
Language Study
Fluency Practice
- provides new knowledge about language features-raises awareness of how the language works- raises awareness of learning strategies
- Learners get a feel for how the language works- consolidates the discretely learned language features- allows learners to meet huge amounts of text
-gives practice in checking whether something is known- allows learners to actively construct language- focuses on accurate control over language features
- gives real time opportunities to experiment with language use- gives feedback on the success of language use- builds fluency of language production
Notice something
Get more input
(feedback)
Try it out
Add to our knowledge
The Cycle of Learning
Two states of vocabulary learning
Form-meaning relationship - matching the spelling and sound to a meaning
The ‘deeper’ aspects of vocabulary learning- multiple meaning senses / nuances of use- frequency, usefulness etc.- use in context- domain (lexical set)- restrictions on use / pragmatic values- register – polite, rude, spoken, written, formal, informal- collocation and colligation- lexical access speed, fluency, automaticity- etc.
Central Vocab Concepts
Frequency – Usefulness / Need - RangeReceptive – Productive Contextualized – DecontexualizedIntentional – Incidental learningScaffolded learning – Random learningSingle items – Multi-part wordsMassed – Distributed practiceSpaced retrievalScheduled review / recycling / repetition
What happens to things we learn?
We forget them over time unless they are recycled and memories of them strengthened
Our brains are designed to forget most of what we meet - not to remember it
Time
KnowledgeThe Forgetting Curve
Leitner’s Memory System
Image source: www.lexxica.com
Spaced, expanded retrieval
Memorization software
Anki http://ankisrs.net/Supermemo http://www.supermemo.com/Memosyne http://www.mnemosyne-proj.org/Open cards http://www.opencards.info/Quizlet http://www.quizlet.com AWL Builder http://www.charlie-browne.comFlashcardDB http://flashcarddb.com/SocialDecks www.socialdecks.comFlashcard friends http://www.flashcardfriends.com/
Comparison of softwareAnki Supermemo iKnow! Mnemosyne
OS Mac, PC, Browser, IOS,
Android
PC, iOS, Browser Browser, iOS, Android
Mac, PC, Browser, Android
Price Free Free ¥1000/m Free
Import, add Yes Yes Yes Yes
Audio / images Yes Yes Yes Yes
Unicode Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sync Yes No? Yes No?
Demo video YouTube YouTube YouTube YouTube
Online Intentional Learning Apps
Current vocab software do quite well:recognition, productive practicespellingspaced repetitionsequenced /scaffolded learningimmediate feedbacksometimes and LMS included for trackingalmost all is controlled practice
Online Intentional Learning Apps
They don’t do so well with these things:indicating frequency or usefulnessengagement – too functionalgeneral appeal – not all will like these methodpoor tie in well with current reading and courseswide variety of features - ? Lack of clear principles?often lack context and pronunciationfew contrasts with antonyms and synonymsno work on generative vocabulary (adding uses take a test -> take a drive, take
a rest, take time-out, take a XXXX)uneven block sizes (20-50 optimal)
Integrated Software solutions
EnglishCentral.comNative level input from thousands of YouTube videosFacility to practice your speech / pronunciationVocabulary tracking
DynEd.comHighly controlled and sequenced learningFocus on listeningPronunciation modeling and practice
Rosetta StoneIntegrated solutions in dozens of languages
The Balanced CurriculumReceptive Productive
Language Study
EnglishCentral.comDynEdRosetta Stone
AnkiMnemosyneQuizletiKnow.jp
EnglishCentral.comDynEdRosetta Stone
AnkiMnemosyneQuizletiKnow.jp
Fluency Practice
? ?
Recommendations for Vocabulary Software Designers
Focus less on functional, form-meaning level aspectsFocus on contextualizing the learning, tooReplace native-level definitions with those like learner dictionariesThere should be a transition /link to course work or some direct
end goal for the learning Where’s the context/ the narrative/ the story?Personalization of the learning to one’s own interests?Make it fun! Make it engaging
‘Flow’ in gaming
‘Flow’ refers to intense focus on a task to the exclusion all distractions.Csikszentimahalyi (1990) identifies several aspects of flow
loss of sense of time; few feelings of self-consciousness and bodily needs; clear goals and high sense of control; high concentration; direct and immediate feedback a chance to adjust behavioursa highly rewarding task Examples:Being lost in a good bookVideo gamers who play for 20 hours straight
Textual input
BeeOasis.comOnline graded readerswww.robwaring.org/er/OUP graded readers on iTunes
Note:Moodlereader.org (2000 tests for graded readers online with LMS)
Summary
Keep the framework in your mind when selecting online vocab software – balance of receptive/productive and language focus/ fluency focus
Ask: Is it flexible? How integrated is it?How does it fit each learner’s needs?LMS? IT issues? Access to machines and devices?