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A Feature-Integration Theory of Attention
A. Treisman and G. Gelade (1980)
Friday, May 10, 13
selective divide
d
bottom
-up
top-downover
t
covert
focu
sed
sustained
alternating
attention
Friday, May 10, 13
selective divide
d
bottom
-up
top-downover
t
covert
focu
sed
sustained
alternating
attention
Friday, May 10, 13
Feature Integration Theory
objects perception
separable perception of features (e.g. color, shape,
orientation etc.)
combine / link features in
objects
pre-attentive focused attention
Friday, May 10, 13
Feature Integration Theorysupport
9 experiments testing predictions based on the theory
Visual SearchTexture SegregationIllusory ConjunctionsIdentity and LocationInterference from Unattended Stimuli
5 Areas
Friday, May 10, 13
Feature Integration Theory
objects perception
separable perception of features (e.g. color, shape,
orientation etc.)
combine / link features in
objects
pre-attentive focused attention
Friday, May 10, 13
Feature Integration Theory
single features can be detected in
parallel without attention limits
conjunctions require focal attention of
each object, resulting in serial search
pre-attentive focused attention
Friday, May 10, 13
find the S or blue
Visual Searchfeature
Friday, May 10, 13
Visual Search
S XTT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
feature
Friday, May 10, 13
find the S or blue
Visual Searchfeature
Friday, May 10, 13
Visual Search
TXT
TT
T
TT
T
T
T
T T
TT
X
XXX
X
XX
XX
X
XX X
feature
Friday, May 10, 13
find the T
Visual Searchconjunction
Friday, May 10, 13
Visual Search
T XTT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
conjunction
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiment 1
T XTT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
T XTT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
T STT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
X XX
XS XTT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
T XTT
T
T
TTT
TT
T
T
TT
XXX
X
X
XX
X
X
XX
X
X
Feature
S
blue
Conjunction
Distractors: , TXTarget: “S or blue,” T
Friday, May 10, 13
Visual Searchresults
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiment 2
T X X T T XX T T X X TX T X X T XT X T X T TX T T T X TX X T T X X
O N N O O NN O O N N ON O N N O NO N O N O ON O O O N ON N O O N N
Condition: easyDistractors: , Target:
Condition: difficultDistractors: , Target:
O NO
X TT
Friday, May 10, 13
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiment 3
Distractors: , Target:
Distractors: , Target:
Distractors: , Target:
conjunction feature featureFriday, May 10, 13
ZQ
Experiment 4
P+Q=P =Rillusory “R”
I+Z= =TIillusory “T”
Distractors: P , Q Target: R
Distractors: P , B Target: R
Distractors: P(Q,B) Target: R
( )
P
P PP
PP P
PP
P P
PP
PR
PP
PP P
P
PP PP
PP
P PP
BB
B B
BBBBB B
BB
BB
R
P
PP
P
PP
P P
PP P
P
PP
Q
Q
Q
Rillusory conjunction non-illusory conjunction single feature
Friday, May 10, 13
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiment 5
O V V O OV O O V VV O V V OO V O V OV O O O V
O O O O OO O O O OO O O O OV V V V VV V V V V
color shape
O V V O OV O O V VV O V V OO V O V OV O O O V
conjunction control
Task: sort by boundary (horizontal vs vertical)
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiment 6
O V V O OV O O ∏ ∏V O V ∏ OO V O ∏ OV O O O ∏
disjunctive feature control
O V V O OV O O V VV O V V OO V O V OV O O O V
conjunction
Task: sort by boundary (horizontal vs vertical)
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiment 7
O R R Q QR O O P PR O R P QO R O P QR O O Q P
boundary determined by non-intersecting pairs of [P, R, E, F, O, Q, X, K]
“single feature”:(PO/RQ), (EO/FQ)“conjunction”:(PQ/RO),(FK/EX)
interesting cases
Friday, May 10, 13
Experiments 8/9
O X O O H XX X O X O O
Distractors: O , X Target: H (H , X , O)
O X O O X XX X O X O O
Distractors: O , X Target: X , O
disjunctive feature conjunction
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Applications to Graphics
encoding variables that represent individual features (e.g. color, orientation, intensity, movement) are good for search tasks
unique combinations of features do not create pop-out effects in the same way as unique features
Friday, May 10, 13
?Questions
Friday, May 10, 13
