A FACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION OF … FACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION OF INDIAN ARMY ... Counter Insurgency Operations ... training and career developing

A FACTORIAL ANALYSIS OF MOTIVATION OF INDIAN ARMY

PERSONNEL

Dr. SAMIR KUMAR 1

Dr.SANDEEP NATH MODI 2

1Sr.Manager, Syndicate Bank, is presently on deputation as Faculty at National Institute of Financial

Management, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Faridabad, Haryana-121001.

2Manager, Syndicate Bank, is presently on deputation as Faculty at National Institute of Financial

Management, Ministry of Finance, Government of India, Faridabad,Haryana–121001.

“The safety, honour & welfare of your country comes first, always & every time. The honour, welfare

& comfort of the men you command, come next. Your own ease, comfort & safety come last, always &

every time.”

-Philip Chetwode

Abstract

Motivation refers to factors that demonstrate behavior that is characterized by willingness and decision.

In the military, motivation plays an important role as a highly motivated force is essential to succeed in

military operations. History has amply proved that even quantitatively inferior armies have been able to

win battles and conflicts due to their fighting spirit, aggressiveness and high morale fostered by

motivation. Studies in the military also indicate that motivation among soldiers is a critical factor in

managing human resource in the military. A military commander‘s role in motivation is to understand

the needs, desires and in all aspirations of his subordinates. The present study is an attempt to explore

the factors that affect the motivation of Indian defense personnel during the war /war like situation. The

study highlights some factors that motivate army personnel during war/warlike situation and some factor

that motivate during peace time.

Key Words: Motivation, Peace, War, Attitude, Perception

JEL Classification: H56, I38, L88, O15

1. Backdrop

Indian Army is home to some of the bravest men in the world. Indian armed force is the world's second

largest and its warriors are viewed as best in Mountain and High Altitude warfare. The Indian Army

guards one of the most complex InternationalBorders, Line of Control and Line of Actual Control.

Indian northern border carries on like a combat zone all around the year. Nobody merits the title of a

"legend" more than a soldier. The daring men and women of the Indian Armed Force stay away from

their families miss each critical thing in their lives and give up their lives just so that rest of the nation

can be with its friends and family and sleep peacefully at night. The Indian Army is the biggest

voluntary army and, next to China, the second largest armyin the world. It is also a large conglomeration

of values, experience, regimentation, customs, traditions, ethos and culture.

INTERCONTINENTAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE RESEARCH REVIEWISSN: 2320-9704 - ONLINE ISSN:2347-1662 - PRINT IMPACT FACTOR:4.169VOLUME 5, ISSUE 2, FEBRUARY 2017

An Open Access, Peer Reviewed, Refereed, Online and Print International Research Journalwww.icmrr.org 50 [email protected]

1.1History including Various Missions Undertaken by Indian Army

1.1. A History

Royal Indian Army was created under the British Empire. Initially the Units comprised of Indian

soldiers officered by British Officers. Subsequently the officers were inducted from India also. The

Indian Army participated in various battles across the world with distinction. During partition the Army

was divided into Indian Army and Pakistan Army. After independence Indian and Pakistan Army has

fought in a number of battles as covered in succeeding paragraphs.

1.1. B.First Kashmir War (1947)

Kashmir was a Muslim dominated state and was being ruled by a Hindu king Maharaja Hari Singh. In

1948, Pakistan invaded Kashmir to integrate it to its territory. The operation was launched by regular

Pakistan Army in disguise of tribals. Hari Singh requested assistance from India and signed instrument

of accession to India. Indian Army secured the Kashmir valley and a ceasefire was reached with the Line

of Control (LOC) being the demarcating line. Pakistan side of Kashmir is called as Pakistan Occupied

Kashmir (POK).

1.1. C.Sino-Indian War (1962)

The cause of the war was a dispute over the sovereignty of the widely separated Aksai Chin and

Arunachal Pradesh border regions. India insisted on accepting Mac Mohan line as the line demarcating

the two countries. This was not acceptable to China and it also suspected India‘s involvement in Tibet.

China launched a full-fledged war and the Indian Army was taken by surprise.

1.1. D.Indo-Pak War of 1965

Emboldened by the Chinese debacle Pakistani President Ayub Khan launched Operation Gibraltar in

August 1965. Pakistani leaders believed that India, which was still recovering from the disastrous Sino-

Indian War, would be unable to deal with a military offensive and a Kashmiri rebellion. India reacted in

an offensive manner and inflicted heavy casualties to Pakistan.Lal Bahadur Shastri, the then Prime

Minister of India gave the slogan of ―Jai Jawan Jai Kissan‖ and led from front. The war culminated into

Tashkent Agreement of 1966 and status quo was maintained.

1.1. E.Indo-Pak War of 1971: Liberation of Bangladesh

During Independence Pakistan comprised of East Pakistan (Now Bangladesh) and West Pakistan (Now

Pakistan). West Pakistan controlled most of the assets and committed atrocities on East Pakistan people.

During the elections held in 1971. Sheikh Mujibur Rehman from East Pakistan won the general elections

but the same was not honoured by Pakistan. The increased atrocities on the population resulted in large

influx of people from East Pakistan to India. It created a huge refugee problem. On the other hand Mukti

Bahini was organized to fight the unjust Pakistan. The war between India and Pakistan led to decisive

defeat of Pakistan, surrender of 93000 soldiers by Pak General AAK Niazi to Lieutenant General Jagjit

Singh Arora and ultimately the liberation of Bangladesh.

1.1. F.Operation Meghdoot

Siachen Glacier is in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir. The LOC was demarcated only up to NJ

9842 and beyond that there was no official demarcation between India and Pakistan. As a result neither

India nor Pakistan maintained a permanent military presence in the region till 1980. Pakistan was giving

permission for mountaineering expedition and the area was shown as part of Pakistan in the US maps.



Irked by this India launched operation in Apr 1984 and evicted Pakistan and occupied dominating

positions in the area. The line between India and Pakistan beyond NJ9842 up to Indira col is known as

Actual Ground Position Line (AGPL). The terrain and weather in this region is extremely inhospitable

and requires a very high degree of physical, mental and medical fitness besides a very high level of

motivation to survive in the area.

1.1. G. Counter Insurgency Operations

A large portion of Indian Army is involved in fighting terrorists and insurgents in Jammu & Kashmir

and in the North East. The aim is to restore normalcy in these regions. The Indian Army has launched a

number of successful operations to flush out these anti national elements. These operations demand a

very high level of motivation, courage and grit.

1.1. H. Kargil War

During 1999 Pakistani regular Army occupied important heights dominating NH 1A from Srinagar to

Leh. By occupying these heights, Pakistan could interfere with the movement of Indian convoy. Indian

Army launched the ―Operation Vijay‖ and recaptured the famous heights of Tiger Hill and Tololing and

forced Pakistani troops to withdraw. Besides all other factors, a high level of motivation was the most

vital ingredient of victory in this inhospitable and difficult terrain

1.2Rank Structure:

The Indian Army is the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces with Indian Air Force and Indian

Navy being the other two components. President of India is the Supreme Commander of the Indian

Armed Forces and hence is the Commander in Chief of the Indian Army. Indian Army is headed by

Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) who is a four star General. Indian Army is organized into a number of

operational Commands. The Army Commands have 2-3 Corps which has 2-3 Divisions. The Divisions

Comprise of 3-4 Brigades which consist of three Battalions.Table-1 explains the hierarchy in Indian

Army—

Table:1-Rank Structure

Commissioned

Officers: Junior Commissioned Officers

Non Commissioned Officers

Field Marshal Subedar Major Havildar

General Subedar Naik

Lieutenant General Naib Subedar Lance Naik and Sepoy

Major General

Brigadier

Colonel

Lieutenant Colonel

Major

Captain

Lieutenant

2. Objective of the study:

This research seeks to study and analyse the following pertinent questions:-

To appreciate and evaluate the factors that motivates the officers working in INDIAN ARMY to

perform to its best.



To list out the positive and negative factors affecting the motivation and way INDIAN ARMY

deals with negative factors of motivation.

Up to what extent the non-financial benefits like good health & safety norms, effective

performance appraisal method, equal opportunities treatment, training and career developing

schemes of the organization motivates the officers of the INDIAN ARMY.

3. Scope of the study:

The scope of this study is limited to factors those are responsible for high motivation amongst the

officers of Indian Army in operations as well as during peace time. This study is limited to the officers in

the rank of Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel posted in Delhi area and its vicinity.

Endeavour is also being made to obtain inputs from operational areas as well as from training

establishments and have a bigger sample size.

4.Literature Review:

4.1What is Motivation?

Motivation has been derived from the word Movere which literally means ―To Move‖ or ―To Act‖. It

refers to the factors which move or activate a person. It is the inner state of mind that activates and

directs our behavior. It can be said to be willingness to exert high level of efforts towards organizational

goals. It is always internal to us and is externalized via our behavior. A single motive can cause different

behaviors and different motives may result in single behavior. Motives come and go as it interacts with

the environment. The process of motivation has three elements (Figure-1)

(Figure-1)

4.2 Hierarchy of Needs:

Abraham Maslow explained(Figure-2) the needs in a hierarchical order. He argued that human beings

are wantinganimals that are they have desires. A human being essentially works to fulfill his desire.

The order of needs starts from basic survival or lower order needs to higher order needs. As one level

of need is satisfied next higher order need will emerge and assume importance in life.

Physiological needs: These are the most basic needs which are important for basic survival of human

being. These include food, water, shelter and clothing and hence occupy the lowest step in the ladder.

These needs manifest in the form of hunger, thirst pain and motivate a person to achieve these needs.

Once these needs are fulfilled, a person is no longer motivated to strive for these needs but he tries to

work for higher needs.

Safety& Security needs: When the physiological needs are satisfied safety and security needs

become the dominant factor in life. Safety needs are mainly concerned with earning that much to

make survival secure.

Motive

Prompt for action

Goals

To be achieved

Behaviour

Series of activities

to be undertaken



Figure-2

Social (Love and Belongingness) needs: These are the needs of making close relation with other

members of the society.

The Esteem needs: Needs related to respect from others like reputation, status, social success and

fame. The needs to have superior possession than others to be respected form part of Esteem Needs.

Self-actualization: When all other needs are fulfilled a person strives to attain self-actualization

needs. He aims to do a task he feels he is best at. It refers to the desire for self-fulfillment that is to

translate yourself to what you actually are..

4.3 Herzberg’s two factor theory

Frederick Herzberg proposed two-factor theory also called as motivator-hygiene theory in 1959.

The two-factor theory (Figure-3) states that there are certain factors in the workplace that cause job

satisfaction, while a separate set of factors cause dissatisfaction. The two factors are as under:-

Hygiene/Maintenance factors-The factors that neither motivate nor demotivate that is they maintain

status quo are Hygiene / maintenance factors. These may include company policy, administration,

supervision, working conditions, inter-personal relations and security aspects.

Figure-3

Motivators-The Motivational factors in Two Factor Theory can be broadly compared to the fourth

and fifth level of Need Hierarchy Theory. It broadly comprises of esteem and self-actualization

factors. These may include achievement, recognition, job enrichment, responsibility, growth and

salary.



5. Research Methodology Adopted for Current Study:

The study undertaken now is on the Motivational Tools for Officers in Indian Army. As this kind of

study has been undertaken for the first time, the nature of the study is exploratory and descriptive in

nature. Sources of information for the purpose of this project study, primary data was collected &

observation study was made.

5.1Research design

Analytical Research Design has been used in the study. Surveys and fact finding enquiries are called

descriptive analytical research. In this method, researcher has no control over the variables. In

analytical research, researcher uses facts or information already available to make a critical evaluation

of the thing under reference.

5.2 Data Source-Primary and Secondary

Primary data –. The primary data in this study was collected from the officers of Indian Army. For

this purpose questionnaire was framed on word document and the primary data was collected by

getting the questionnaire filled by150 officers of Indian Army. The questionnaire was prepared in

consultation of experts and the literature review. The questionnaire contains 46attributes under two

broad factors that is motivating factors during war and war like situations and factors both in war/ war

like situations or in peace.

Secondary data –The use of secondary data is very less in present study due to its non-availability in

public domain.

5.3Sample size

Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire from 150 officersof the rank of Captain,

Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonels located in Delhi/NCR region, posted in field formations and

undergoing training at NIFM, Faridabad. 46 Questions were asked consisting of various attributes

from 150 participants who took training during the year 2015-17. Each respondent were asked to

indicate on 6 point scale.

5.Limitation of Study

The scope of this study is limited to factors those are responsible for high motivation amongst the

officers of Indian Army during war/war like situations as well as during peace time. This study is

limited to the Army officers in the rank of Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel and Colonels mainly

posted in Delhi, Field Formations and training establishments. The collection of sample involved

visits and distribution of questionnaires rather than interviewing the officers. The author felt that

questionnaire method would generate rich data while at the same time minimizing the time and effort

required of the respondents. The response to the questionnaires through email was not effective and

forthcoming due to various reasons. Army officers who are either undergoing the PDGM course or

have undergone similar course in past were found to be more cooperative and prompt in filling up the

questionnaire. The support from other officers became forthcoming when the purpose and objective

was explained to them in person. The study has following limitations:-

Highly

Motivating

6

Sometimes

Motivating

5

Neither

Motivating or

De-motivating

4

Sometimes

De-Motivating

3

Very

De-

motivating

2

Not

applicable

1



The data was collected through questionnaire. The responds from the respondents may not be

accurate.

The sample taken for the study was only 150 and the results drawn may not be accurate.

Since the organization has strict controls, it acts as another barrier forgetting data.

Another difficulty was very limited time-span of the project.

6. Factors Effecting Motivation of Officers of Indian Army:

As stated above,the questionnaire containing 46 items under two broad factors that is motivating

factors during war and war like situations and factors both in war/ war like situations or in peace.

Table-2 :Communalities (War/Warlike Situation)

Initial Extraction

Nation Honour 1.000 .843

Unit Ki Izzat 1.000 .618

No Religious affiliation 1.000 .855

Family traditions of sacrifice 1.000 .886

Role models 1.000 .794

Gallantry Awards 1.000 .855

Recognition 1.000 .865

Monetary benefits 1.000 .808

Government Support 1.000 .895

Clothing, Equipment and ration 1.000 .897

Fear of failure 1.000 .838

Medical facilities 1.000 .905

Logistics support 1.000 .907

Promotion prospects 1.000 .791

No Fear of death/disability 1.000 .781

Fear of unknown 1.000 .857

Strong National sentiments 1.000 .725

Separation from family 1.000 .656

Apathy of civil administration 1.000 .891

Rest and relief 1.000 .510

Camaraderie 1.000 .626

Praises and recognition 1.000 .798

Growth Opportunities 1.000 .827

Training Standard 1.000 .786

Image of the organization 1.000 .805

Monotony and isolation 1.000 .745

Negative Emotions 1.000 .926

Recreation .facilities 1.000 .883

Mentoring by seniors 1.000 .781

Inclusiveness 1.000 .750

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.



30 questions consisting of different attributes asked to respondents to identify the factors of

motivation during war/warlike time and 16 different attribute based questions asked to same

respondents to identify the factors of motivation of army personnel during peace time were analyzed

with the help of SPSS separately. A comparative analysis of all output tables generated by SPSS is

given below for the comprehensive interpretation---

6.1Communalities:It indicates how much of each variable is accounted for by the underlying factors

taken together .In other words; it is a measure of the percentage of variables ‗variation that is

explained by the factors. The communality value which should be more than 0.5 to be considered for

further analysis. Else these variables are to be removed from further steps factor analysis. The table no

2 and table no-3 given below shows us the Communalities (War/Warlike Situation) and

Communalities (Peace Time) for of the respective attributes based on the Principal Component

Analysis.

Table- 3 : Communalities (Peace Time)

Initial Extraction

Leave policies 1.000 .749

LTC facilities 1.000 .869

Terminal benefits 1.000 .801

Subsidized family Quarters 1.000 .869

Advances from AGIF 1.000 .847

Houses from AWHO 1.000 .871

Concise and clear aim 1.000 .816

Decision after Healthy discussion 1.000 .896

Effective planning and coordination 1.000 .885

Clear distribution of task 1.000 .907

Adventurous life 1.000 .865

Promotional prospects 1.000 .881

Job Satisfaction 1.000 .839

Fast track Growth 1.000 .722

Open appraisal system 1.000 .835

Improvement in Appraisal System 1.000 .714

Appraisal of Seniors by juniors 1.000 .862

Simplified Appraisal System 1.000 .833




6.2 Scree Plot: The scree plot is a graph of the Eigenvalues against all the factors. The graph is useful

for determining how many factors to retain. The point of interest is where the curve starts to flatten.

It can be seen that the curve begins to flatten between after 8 factors in the figure no-4. It can be noted

that factor 8 onwards have an eigenvalue of less than 1, so only eight factors have been retained for

war/war like situation. Similarly scree plot becomes flat after the factor 3,which means factor 3

onwards have an eigenvalue of less than 1, so only three factors have been retained for Peace time.

Figure- 4: Scree Plot (War/Warlike Situation) Figure-5: ScreePlot (Peace Time)

6.3 Total Variance Explained:

The table no. 4 shows us the actual factors that were extracted under war/war like situation. If we look

at the section labelled ―Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings,‖ it shows us only those factors that met

our cut-offCriterion (extraction method).In this case, there were eight factors with eigenvalues greater

than 1. SPSS always extracts as many factors initially as there are variables in the dataset, but the rest

of these didn‘t make the grade. The ―% of variance‖ column tells us how much of the total variability

(in all of the variables together) can be accounted for by each of these summary scales or factors.

Factor 1 accounts for 16.83 % of the variability and factor 8 accounts for 5.78 % in all 30 variables,

and so on.



Table – 4: Total Variance Explained (War/War like time)

Compo

nent

Table - 4 : Total Variance Explained (War/war like situation)

Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared

Loadings

Rotation Sums of Squared

Loadings

Total % of

Variance

Cumula

tive %

Total % of

Variance

Cumulati

ve %

Total % of

Variance

Cumulat

ive %

1 8.158 27.193 27.193 8.158 27.193 27.193 5.050 16.834 16.834

2 4.068 13.562 40.754 4.068 13.562 40.754 4.077 13.590 30.424

3 3.030 10.101 50.856 3.030 10.101 50.856 3.212 10.706 41.130

4 2.414 8.046 58.901 2.414 8.046 58.901 2.983 9.943 51.073

5 2.134 7.114 66.015 2.134 7.114 66.015 2.865 9.550 60.623

6 1.711 5.702 71.718 1.711 5.702 71.718 2.266 7.555 68.178

7 1.511 5.036 76.754 1.511 5.036 76.754 1.919 6.395 74.573

8 1.076 3.588 80.342 1.076 3.588 80.342 1.731 5.768 80.342

9 .920 3.067 83.409

10 .753 2.509 85.917

11 .684 2.279 88.196

12 .570 1.900 90.097

13 .526 1.755 91.852

14 .421 1.403 93.255

15 .349 1.162 94.417

16 .311 1.036 95.453

17 .293 .976 96.428

18 .275 .917 97.345

19 .166 .552 97.897

20 .148 .493 98.390

21 .120 .399 98.789

22 .107 .356 99.145

23 .067 .223 99.367

24 .055 .183 99.550

25 .050 .165 99.715

26 .026 .088 99.804

27 .025 .083 99.887

28 .018 .061 99.947

29 .011 .037 99.984

30 .005 .016 100.000



Similarly, Table -5 shows total variance explained during peace time .Three factors has been

identified .Factor 1 accounts for 48.03 % ,Factor 2 accounts for 24.28 % and factor 3 accounts for

11.30 % of the variability in all 16 variables.

6.4. Summary of the Exploratory Factorial Analysis of Motivation

During War/War like Time:

Table -6 has identified eight factors which motivates our army personnel which motivates them

during war /war like time. These factors are ---- Affiliation with Unit, Inspirational Leadership,

Recognition, Self-esteem, Feeling valued, Negative Emotion, Family Backup, and Tradition.

Table - 5 : Total Variance Explained (Peace Time)

Component Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared

Loadings

Rotation Sums of Squared

Loadings

Total % of

Varian

ce

Cumulati

ve %

Total % of

Variance

Cumulati

ve %

Total % of

Variance

Cumulati

ve %

1 11.32

5

62.918 62.918 11.325 62.918 62.918 8.655 48.083 48.083

2 2.252 12.513 75.430 2.252 12.513 75.430 4.371 24.285 72.368

3 1.483 8.240 83.670 1.483 8.240 83.670 2.034 11.301 83.670

4 .696 3.866 87.535

5 .460 2.558 90.094

6 .380 2.110 92.203

7 .349 1.937 94.141

8 .302 1.678 95.819

9 .195 1.083 96.902

10 .171 .951 97.853

11 .135 .749 98.602

12 .085 .471 99.073

13 .063 .351 99.424

14 .048 .267 99.691

15 .024 .132 99.823

16 .012 .067 99.890

17 .011 .063 99.952

18 .009 .048 100.000




Table -6: Rotated Component Matrix(War/Warlike Situation)

Attachm

ent

To Unit

Inspirational

Leadership

Recogniti

on

Self

Esteem

Feeling

Valued

Negative

Emotion

Family

Backup

Traditi

on

Nation Honour .014 .345 -.088 .010 .011 -.219 -.800 .168

Unit Ki Izzat .066 .701 -.169 .193 .145 -.053 -.166 .075

No Religious affiliation .860 -.116 -.010 -.027 -.192 .080 .098 .220

Family traditions of

sacrifice

-.328 -.252 .235 -.116 .086 .087 .103 .788

Role models .034 .045 -.098 .847 .026 .209 -.137 .017

Gallantry Awards -.229 -.446 .630 -.277 -.272 -.129 .049 .194

Recognition -.070 .114 -.111 .826 .199 -.318 .105 .035

Monetary benefits -.185 -.112 .775 -.301 .060 -.047 .200 .153

Government Support .287 .316 .054 -.007 .831 -.073 -.004 .119

Clothing, Equipment

and ration

.732 .242 -.115 .164 .493 -.075 -.117 .011

Fear of failure -.645 -.411 -.038 -.402 .253 -.065 .125 .069

Medical facilities .816 .310 -.191 .066 .177 .199 -.172 -.030

Logistics support .721 .377 -.163 .170 .390 .180 .070 -.036

Promotion prospects .404 .248 .645 .083 .271 .255 .022 -.067

No Fear of

death/disability

.043 -.282 .521 -.054 .459 -.057 .435 -.147

Fear of unknown .585 -.313 .280 -.347 .183 -.137 .386 -.129

Strong National

sentiments

.360 .337 -.156 .666 .067 -.013 .045 .082

Separation from family -.137 .075 .176 .006 -.233 .088 .694 .239

Apathy of civil

administration

-.325 -.069 -.008 -.183 -.007 .168 .060 -.846

Rest and relief .210 .371 .026 .147 .050 .549 .041 .032

Camaraderie -.165 .599 .034 .191 .111 .309 -.227 -.206

Praises and recognition .083 .218 .682 .504 -.026 -.086 -.030 -.124

Growth Opportunities -.164 .000 .814 -.181 -.253 .070 .092 .166

Training Standard .087 .857 .132 .078 .069 -.125 -.015 -.008

Image of the

organization

.097 .627 .068 .112 .576 -.204 -.110 .003

Monotony and isolation .241 -.026 -.067 -.370 -.226 .601 .364 -.009

Negative Emotions -.013 -.128 .027 -.029 .068 .942 .101 -.080

Recreation .facilities .918 -.035 .007 -.019 .170 .015 -.072 -.065

Mentoring by seniors .317 .716 -.097 -.013 .249 .264 .014 -.159

Inclusiveness .023 .179 -.182 .184 .750 .206 -.214 -.014

Eigen Value 8.158 4.06 3.03 2.41 2.13 1.71 1.51 1.07

% of Variation 16.83 13.59 10.70 9.94 9.55 7.55 6.39 5.76

Cumulative % of

Variation

16.83 30.42 41.13 51.07 60.62 68.17 74.57 80.34



Table – 7 has identified three factors which motivates our army personnel which motivates them

during peace time. These factors are ----Pay condition, Workplace Relationship, and Career Growth.

7. Conclusion:

In conclusion we can say that during War/Warlike situation eight factors that motivates our army

personnel are Affiliation with Unit, Inspirational Leadership, Recognition, Self-esteem, Feeling

valued, Negative Emotion, Family Backup, and Tradition. During Peace time situation, three factors

affect our army personnel motivation i.e. Pay condition, Workplace Relationship, and Career Growth.

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Table - 7 : Rotated Component Matrix(Peace Time)

Component

Pay condition Workplace

Relationship

Career

Growth

Leave policies .825 .227 -.129

LTC facilities .761 .532 -.085

Terminal benefits .818 .190 -.311

Subsidized family Quarters .787 .335 -.372

Advances from AGIF .882 .253 .071

Houses from AWHO .864 .334 -.111

Concise and clear aim .575 .693 -.073

Decision after Healthy discussion .210 .830 -.403

Effective planning and coordination .221 .837 -.369

Clear distribution of task .272 .900 .153

Adventurous life .587 .654 .306

Promotional prospects .869 .308 -.174

Job Satisfaction .849 .207 .274

Fast track Growth -.027 -.160 .834

Open appraisal system .732 .351 -.420

Improvement in Appraisal System .778 .281 .173

Appraisal of Seniors by juniors .654 .462 .469

Simplified Appraisal System .833 .168 .332

Eigen Value 11.32 2.25 1.48

of Variation 48.08 24.28 11.30

Cumulative % of Variation 48.08 72.36 83.67



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