ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGYChapter 22

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KEY TERMS

• Michael Faraday• Thomas Edison• Bessemer process• Henry Ford• Wilbur and Orville Wright• Telegraph• Samuel Morse• Alexander Graham Bell• Guglielmo Marconi

EARLY ATTEMPTS AT ELECTRIC POWER

• Benjamin Franklin studied electricity

• Michael Faraday discovered connection between magnetism and electricity

• Dynamo- machine that generated electricity by moving magnets through a copper wire

EARLY ATTEMPTS AT ELECTRIC POWER

Faraday used this to make the first electric motor

1860 Joseph Swan invented a primitive light bulb

40 more years till there is a useable light bulb

EDISON’S LIGHTBULB• Thomas Edison first

lightbulb in 1879• Came through trial

and error• Made generators,

motors, electric sockets

• Major role in city electrical utility systems

• First electric power plant New York City

• Could light several blocks

EFFECTS ON INDUSTRY AND DAILY LIFE Electric power

improved industry in three ways Using electric power

no longer needed to depend on steam engines

Did not have to locate factories near water

Factory production increases because they did have to depend on daylight

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EFFECTS ON INDUSTRY AND DAILY LIFE

Lamps, candles, gaslight lit homes

Electricity was cheaper

Made daily life more convenient

STEAM POWERED TRAINS Trains began to

replace boats Could carry heavy

loads Did not require

waterways Faster than boats Manchester to

Liverpool first rail line 1840 – 3,000 miles of

rails Improvement of steel

made it stronger and cheaper

STEAM POWERED TRAINS Henry Bessemer and

William Kelly developed the Bessemer Process Forced air through

molten steel to burn out carbon

Factories increased production of locomotives, railroad tracks

Stronger steel for bridges

STEAM POWERED TRAINS

1860 30,000 miles of track

West of the Mississippi it brought people in to settle

Cities in America grew along the tracks

India’s first train ran in 1851

STEAM POWERED TRAINS

1852 first African railroad

1891 construction on the Trans-Siberian Railway began

Transportation costs declined

New products became available

Shoppers had a choice

STEAMSHIPS

Changed ocean travel

Could travel through any kind of weather

1849 traveled around South America

1870 long distance shipment of good by steamship

People did ocean voyages

THE AUTOMOBILE

1769 tried to build personal transportation

Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler developed practical automobiles

1885 three wheel vehicle

Daimler put an internal combustion engine on a horse wagon

THE AUTOMOBILE

1908 Henry Ford announces “I will build a car for the great multitude.”

Used mass production built the Model T

1920 Model T made up 40-50% of American automobiles

1915 more roads than rails

THE AIRPLANE

1783 first hot air balloon

Wilbur and Orville Wright first flight December 17, 1903

Wrights spent four years developing their airplane

Designed a glider with special wings

THE AIRPLANE

Attached two engines

Flew 120 feet Less that then

wingspan of a 747

TELEGRAPH

A machine that instantly send messages over a wire

Samuel Morse invented the telegraph in 1837

Language used was Morris Code

Long and short signals

1844 built 35 miles of telegraph wires

TELEGRAPH

Between Washington D.C. and Baltimore

First message “What hath God wrought?”

New era in communication

1851 there were 50 telegraph companies

TELEGRAPH

10 years later they were strung along railroad tracks

Telegraph cable laid on the ocean floor between the U.S. and England

News traveled in hours instead of weeks

THE TELEPHONE

Alexander Graham Bell- teacher of hearing impaired students

1876 first message “Mr. Watson, come here, I need to see you.”

Could hear the voice through the receiver

1880’s several thousand miles of wires

TELEPHONE

1915 1.5 million telephones installed in homes and offices

RADIO AND PHONOGRAPH

1895 Guglielmo Marconi-built wireless telegraph or radio

First used to communicate with ships

Later used for entertainment and news

Thomas Edison-invented the record player

Made music available to everyone