A Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart GridA Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart Grid Christian Neureiter ... Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise Process

2015, June 24th Josef Ressel Center for User-Centric Smart Grid Privacy, Security and Control | www.en-trust.at

A Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart Grid

Christian Neureiter

Josef Ressel Center for User-Centric Smart Grid Privacy, Security and Control


Hi, I‘m Christian…

2

Christian Neureiter

Salzburg University of Applied Sciences

Teaching: Information and System Management

Research: Domain-Specific MBSE

www.en-trust.at

[email protected]

Successfactory Systems Engineering

Training, Consulting & Coaching

www.successfactory.cc

[email protected]

http://www.en-trust.at/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.successfactory.cc/

mailto:[email protected]


Background

Energy Turnaround: Integration of renewable energies

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) with volatile injection behavior

Bidirectional energy flows influence grid stability

Smart Grid

Management of bidirectional energy flows

Paradigm shift: „Load follows generation“

Integration of massive ICT infrastructure

Challenge: Develope of a robust and dependable system architecture

Critical infrastructure extense dependability requirements

System-of-Systems (SoS) high complexity

Numerous stakeholders different disciplines and domains involved

3

© http://solutions.3m.com


So, how can we

handle all this ICT

related complexity?

4

Interdisciplinary Development

Hi, I‘m Christian.

I have great models to

develop your Smart Grid!

No, this is Software

stuff. THIS is, how a

model should look

like!

2015, June 24th Josef Ressel Center for User-Centric Smart Grid Privacy, Security and Control | www.en-trust.at 5

How to develop complex, interdisciplinary systems

together?


How to build a house? B

uild

ing

Sm

art

Gri

d

Architecture Description Architecture Development

Basic

Views

Common

Understanding

Architecture

Models

CAD Tools

Reference

Architecture

„Blueprint“Plumber,

Electrician,

Owner,…

Stakeholder

Concerns

My individual

house

© www.fertighaus.at

Architectural

Solution

Relevant Aspects ? Modeling Tool ? Concerns ? Reference

Architecture ?

Solutions ???


Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM)

Proposed 2012 by CEN/CENELEC/ETSI

1. SGAM-Plane: problem decomposition

Domains: energy conversion chain

Zones: Automation pyramide

7


Smart Grid Architecture Model (SGAM)

Proposed 2012 by CEN/CENELEC/ETSI

1. SGAM-Plane: problem decomposition

Domains: energy conversion chain

Zones: Automation pyramide

2. Interoperability on different layers („SGAM Layers“)

8

Relevant

aspects for

description of

Smart Grid

systems



uild

ing

Sm

art

Gri

d


Basic

Views

Common

Understanding

Architecture

Models

CAD Tools

Reference

Architecture


Electrician,

Owner,…

Stakeholder

Concerns

My individual

house


Architectural

Solution

Functional and

architectural

aspects

Modeling Tool ? Concerns ? Reference

Architecture ?

Solutions ???

Component

Communication

Business

Function

Information


Modeling the Smart Grid


1. Development paradigm

2. Domain Specific Modeling Language (DSL)

10


Generation

TransmissionDistribution

DERCustomer

Premise

Process

Field

Station

Operation

Enterprise

MarketProtocol

Protocol

Data Model

Data Model

Domains

Zones

Outline of Usecase

Subfunctions

Business Objectives

Polit. / Regulat.. Framework

Inte

rop

era

bil

ity D

ime

ns

ion





Model Driven Architecture (MDA)

1. Functionality („What?“)

1. Business Layer

2. Function Layer

11

System

Analysis


Generation

TransmissionDistribution

DERCustomer

Premise

Process

Field

Station

Operation

Enterprise

Market

Domains

Zones

Protocol

Protocol

Data Model

Data Model

Outline of Usecase

Subfunctions

Business Objectives

Polit. / Regulat.. Framework

Inte

rop

era

bil

ity D

ime

ns

ion





Model Driven Architecture (MDA)

1. Functionality („What?“)

1. Business Layer

2. Function Layer

2. Technology („How?“)

1. Information Layer

2. Communication Layer

3. Component Layer

12

System

Analysis

System

Architecture






The „SGAM Toolbox“

Domain Specific Language (DSL)

Extension for Enterprise Architect

Layer-by-Layer development

„In the stakeholder‘s language“

13

deployment DSM

Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer

Premise

Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

Demand Side

Management

Gateway

CEMS

FirewallInternet

Home

Automation

Internet

DSM

Serv ice

E-Car

Charging

CSMS

Firewall

Client COM

HA COM

E-Car COM

DSM Mgmt

HMI

Communication

ICT Connection

Legend

Protocol:

Protocol:

Protocol:

Protocol:

Protocol:

Protocol:











Under the hood: UML Profile

14












15

composite structure Flexibility Operator

Bu

sin

es

s L

ay

er

Fu

nc

tio

n L

ay

er

Info

rma

tio

n L

ay

er

Co

mm

un

ica

tio

n

La

ye

r

Co

mp

on

en

t L

ay

er

Flexibility

Operator

CEMS

Internet

«Data Model Standard»

Proprietary Standard

«Logical Actor»

CEMS

«Logical Actor»

DMS

«High Level Us...

Flexible Thermal

Energy Storage

«Business Actor»

Utility «Business Actor»

Customer

«Business Use ...

Utilze Flexibility

«trace»

Protocol: WebServices

«trace»

Technology: Cable

«trace»

«Information Object»

Invoked Flexibil ity

«invokes»

«trace»

Technology: GSM

«Information Object»

Available Flexibil ity












16

uc Business Case Analysis

Business Goal 1 Business Goal 2

«Business Actor»

Business Actor 1

«Business Actor»

Business Actor 2

«High Level Us...

HLUC1

«High Level Us...

HLUC2

(from Business Case 1)

«Business Use ...

Business Case 1

«invokes» «invokes»

realize realize












Publicly available

www.en-trust.atDownloads

Video-Tutorials on youtube

17

uc Business Case Analysis

Business Goal 1 Business Goal 2

«Business Actor»

Business Actor 1

«Business Actor»

Business Actor 2

«High Level Us...

HLUC1

«High Level Us...

HLUC2

(from Business Case 1)

«Business Use ...

Business Case 1

«invokes» «invokes»

realize realize

http://www.en-trust.at/


Stakeholder ConcernsModel Views

Subject of investigation

Example on „Component Layer“: Security, Network Segments

18

Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise

Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

U17U16

20 -

ISO/RTO/Wholesale

Market

U17U16

U17

U20

19 - Energy

Market

Clearinghouse

U17

U20

U16

U10U13

37 -

Transmission

SCADA

U16

U10U13

U10

U11 U12U15

U7

U8

U9 27 -

Distribution

Management

System

U10

U11 U12U15

U7

U8

U9

U27U9

29 -

Distribution

SCADA

U27U9

U1

U2U5

U8

33 - Meter

Data

Management

System

U1

U2U5

U8

U2U21

U22

U24

U25

U26

U3

U6

U7

21 - AMI

Headend

U2U21

U22

U24

U25

U26

U3

U6

U7

U14

U21

U31

U33

U37

U38

23 -

Customer

Information

System

U14

U21

U31

U33

U37

U38

U11

U13

U22

U32

U33

U36

32 - Load

Management

System /

Demand

Response

Management

System

U11

U13

U22

U32

U33

U36

U12U30

U31

U34U36

40 - Work

Management

System

U12U30

U31

U34U36

U38U40

24 -

Customer

Serv ice

Representativ e

U38U40

U26

U29

U30

U27

36 - Outage

Management

System

U26

U29

U30

U27

U37

U39

38 -

Customer

Portal

U37

U39

U20

U4

U15

41 -

Aggregator/Retail

Energy

Prov ider

U20

U4

U15

U1

U4

42 - Billing

U1

U4

U18

U5

U6 44 - Third

Party

U18

U5

U6

U3

15

Distribution

RTUs or

IEDs

U3U14U29 U34

U3516 - Field

Crew Tools

U14U29 U34

U35

U39

U40

2 -

Customer

U39

U40

U46

U47

U48U50

10 -

Submeter

(EUMD)

U46

U47

U48U50

U43 U44

3 - Customer

Appliances

and

Equipment

U43 U44

U41

U42

U44

U45

U46

5 - Customer

Energy Mgmt

System

U41

U42

U44

U45

U46

U49U50

6 - Electric

Vehicle

(EVSE/PEV)

U49U50

U18U25

U32

U42

U43

U49U60

7 - Energy

Serv ices

Interface / HAN

Gateway

U18U25

U32

U42

U43

U49U60

U24

U35

U41

U47

U60

8 - Meter

U24

U35

U41

U47

U60

U45

U48

4 - Customer

DER:

Generation

and Storage

U45

U48


Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

20 -

ISO/RTO/Wholesale

Market

19 - Energy

Market

Clearinghouse

37 -

Transmission

SCADA

27 -

Distribution

Management

System

29 -

Distribution

SCADA

33 - Meter

Data

Management

System

21 - AMI

Headend

23 -

Customer

Information

System

32 - Load

Management

System /

Demand

Response

Management

System

40 - Work

Management

System

24 - Customer

Serv ice

Representativ e

36 - Outage

Management

System

38 -

Customer

Portal

41 -

Aggregator/Retail

Energy

Prov ider

42 - Billing

44 - Third

Party

16 - Field Crew

Tools

2 - Customer

10 - Submeter

(EUMD)

3 - Customer

Appliances

and

Equipment

5 - Customer

Energy Mgmt

System

6 - Electric

Vehicle

(EVSE/PEV)

7 - Energy

Serv ices

Interface / HAN

Gateway

8 - Meter

4 - Customer

DER:

Generation

and Storage

HAN

Local Meter

NW

Meter Serv ice IF

NW

DMZ

DMZ FW

Internet

Home FW

TP FW

AMI NW

Serv ice NW

FW

Phone

Connection

Enterprise NW

Enterprise/DMZ

FW

Serv ice NW

Operations NW

Operations/DMZ

FW

Market NW

Operations/Market

FW

Market/Enterprise

FW

Enterprise/Serv ice

FW

Enterprise/Remote

FW

Operations/Remote

Serv ice FW

TP NW

Enterprise/Operations

FW

Interfaces and Security Requirements ICT Network Topology



uild

ing

Sm

art

Gri

d


Basic

Views

Common

Understanding

Architecture

Models

CAD Tools

Reference

Architecture


Electrician,

Owner,…

Stakeholder

Concerns

My individual

house


Architectural

Solution

Functional and

architectural

aspects

SGAM-Toolbox Concerns & Views Reference

Architecture ?

Solutions ???

Component

Communication

Business

Function

Information


Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

High Level

Use Case 1


Reference Architecture

ENTSO-E Role Model

Business Layer

20



ENTSO-E Role Model

Business Layer

NIST IR 7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security

Use Case Collection

Logical Reference Model

~ 46 Actors

~ 140 Interfaces

22 Interface Categories

Security Requirements

~200 High Level RQ

21

NIST Logical Reference Model

Aktor InterfacesInterface

Category

Security

Requirements



ENTSO-E Role Model

Business Layer

NIST IR 7628 Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security

Use Case Collection

Logical Reference Model

~ 46 Actors

~ 140 Interfaces

22 Interface Categories

Security Requirements

~200 High Level RQ

Integration with SGAM

Same origin!

NIST Domain Model

Mapping basically possible

Still, some issues exist…

22

NIST LRM

ENTSO-E RM

NIST UC



Example Model: NIST LRM Scenario „Smart Metering“

Click-through model: www.en-trust.at/NISTIR

23


Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

U17U16

20 -

ISO/RTO/Wholesale

Market

U17U16

U17

U20

19 - Energy

Market

Clearinghouse

U17

U20

U16

U10U13

37 -

Transmission

SCADA

U16

U10U13

U10

U11 U12U15

U7

U8

U9 27 -

Distribution

Management

System

U10

U11 U12U15

U7

U8

U9

U27U9

29 -

Distribution

SCADA

U27U9

U1

U2U5

U8

33 - Meter

Data

Management

System

U1

U2U5

U8

U2U21

U22

U24

U25

U26

U3

U6

U7

21 - AMI

Headend

U2U21

U22

U24

U25

U26

U3

U6

U7

U14

U21

U31

U33

U37

U38

23 -

Customer

Information

System

U14

U21

U31

U33

U37

U38

U11

U13

U22

U32

U33

U36

32 - Load

Management

System /

Demand

Response

Management

System

U11

U13

U22

U32

U33

U36

U12U30

U31

U34U36

40 - Work

Management

System

U12U30

U31

U34U36

U38U40

24 -

Customer

Serv ice

Representativ e

U38U40

U26

U29

U30

U27

36 - Outage

Management

System

U26

U29

U30

U27

U37

U39

38 -

Customer

Portal

U37

U39

U20

U4

U15

41 -

Aggregator/Retail

Energy

Prov ider

U20

U4

U15

U1

U4

42 - Billing

U1

U4

U18

U5

U6 44 - Third

Party

U18

U5

U6

U3

15

Distribution

RTUs or

IEDs

U3U14U29 U34

U3516 - Field

Crew Tools

U14U29 U34

U35

U39

U40

2 -

Customer

U39

U40

U46

U47

U48U50

10 -

Submeter

(EUMD)

U46

U47

U48U50

U43 U44

3 - Customer

Appliances

and

Equipment

U43 U44

U41

U42

U44

U45

U46

5 - Customer

Energy Mgmt

System

U41

U42

U44

U45

U46

U49U50

6 - Electric

Vehicle

(EVSE/PEV)

U49U50

U18U25

U32

U42

U43

U49U60

7 - Energy

Serv ices

Interface / HAN

Gateway

U18U25

U32

U42

U43

U49U60

U24

U35

U41

U47

U60

8 - Meter

U24

U35

U41

U47

U60

U45

U48

4 - Customer

DER:

Generation

and Storage

U45

U48

Interfaces with

Security

Requirements

http://www.en-trust.at/NISTIR



Utilization of standards for communication

Interactive IEC standards map: http://smartgridstandardsmap.com/

24

http://smartgridstandardsmap.com/



uild

ing

Sm

art

Gri

d


Basic

Views

Common

Understanding

Architecture

Models

CAD Tools

Reference

Architecture


Electrician,

Owner,…

Stakeholder

Concerns

My individual

house


Architectural

Solution

Functional and

architectural

aspects

SGAM-Toolbox Concerns & Views ENTSO-E Role

Model, NIST

LRM,…

Solutions ???

Component

Communication

Business

Function

Information


Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

High Level

Use Case 1


Applications and Experiences

Project „RASSA“

„Reference Architecture for a Secure Smart Grid in Austria“

Elements of the project

Alignment of LRM with Austrian aspects

e.g. regulatory aspects)

Integration of Austrian „Smart Metering Use Cases“

Expansion of NIST LRM:

„Flat“ structure Business Actors, Logical Actors, PhysicalComponents

Update of SGAM Toolbox

Implementation of (free) Add-In

26



uild

ing

Sm

art

Gri

d


Basic

Views

Common

Understanding

Architecture

Models

CAD Tools

Reference

Architecture


Electrician,

Owner,…

Stakeholder

Concerns

My individual

house


Architectural

Solution

Functional and

architectural

aspects

SGAM-Toolbox Concerns & Views ENTSO-E Role

Model, NIST

LRM,…

Solutions

Component

Communication

Business

Function

Information


Market

Enterprise

Operation

Station

Field

Process

High Level

Use Case 1


Experiences

Technical Aspects

Appear sound so far

Interoperability under investigation

Flat structure of NIST LRM vs. 3Dstructure of SGAM

Extendability

New Interfaces

New Actors

Dependability

Security concept valuable

Taxonomy for dependability missing

Applicability & Acceptance

Used in different projects

Not limited to Europe

Indication: Youtube Tutorials

116 nations

42k minutes watched so far

Easy for engineers with generalmodeling experience

Difficult for DSOs

„Organizational Development“

Trainings supportive

28


Present Work: Toolchain Integration

29

SGAM Toolbox

FredOSAR Base SW

Protocols Security Privacy …

FredOSAR Application SW

ApplicationDetailed

functional description

Smart Grid Subsystem

Power System Analysis Tool

GIS Data

Simulation Engine

External Repositories

Intelligrid Use Case Templates

UCMR

Reference ArchitectureModel Repository

SGAM Visualization Tool

Model Evaluation

External Tools


Present Work: Portability

Industry 4.0

„Reference Architecture Model forIndustry 4.0 (RAMI 4.)

RAMI 4.0 Toolbox

Automotive

Project started

Interoperability „Vehicle 2 SmartCity“

Smart City

Contribution to IEC SC Smart Cities,WG 3 Reference Architecture

30


Further Reading

Downlads & Publications available at www.en-trust.at

C. Neureiter, D. Engel, and M. Uslar, “Domain Specific and Model Based Systems Engineering in the Smart Grid as Prerequesite for Security by Design,” Electronics, vol. 5, iss. 2, p. 24, 2016

C. Neureiter, M. Uslar, D. Engel, and G. Lastro, “A Standards-based Approach for Domain Specific Modelling of Smart Grid System Architectures,” in Proceedingsof International Conference on System of Systems Engineering (SoSE) 2016, Kongsberg, Norway, 2016, pp. 1-6. Best Paper Award.

C. Neureiter, S. Rohjans, D. Engel, C. Dänekas, and M. Uslar, “Addressing the Complexity of Distributed Smart City Systems by Utilization of Model Driven Engineering Concepts,” in Proceedings VDE Kongress 2014, 2014, pp. 1-6.

And many others… ;-)

31

http://www.en-trust.at/publications


Vielen Dank für Ihre Aufmerksamkeit, gerne beantworte ich Ihre Fragen!

Christian Neureiter Josef Ressel Center for User-Centric Smart Grid Privacy, Security and Control

[email protected]

…do you want to learn more?

Christian [email protected]

Documents

A Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart GridA Domain-Specific MBSE Approach for the Smart Grid Christian Neureiter ... Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premise Process