A Divided Kingdom:The Books of I & II Kings

After Jehu until the Fall of SamariaII Kings Chapter 11-14

Announcements

Week Date Topic1 05 Dec 12 The Bible before 2nd Kings – A Summary2 12 Dec 12 Allies and Enemies: The World of the Israelites3 19 Dec 12 Judgment on Ahaziah: II Ki 14 26 Dec 12 Elijah, Moab, and Naaman: II Ki 2-45 02 Jan 13 Elisha the Prophet: II Ki 5-86 09 Jan 13 Jehu’s Revolt: II Ki 9:1-10:287 16 Jan 13 After Jehu until the Fall of Samaria, Pt 1: II Ki 11-148 23 Jan 13 After Jehu until the Fall of Samaria, Pt 2: II Ki 15-179 30 Jan 13 Judah after the Fall of Israel, Pt 1: II Ki 18-19

10 06 Feb 13 Judah after the Fall of Israel, Pt 2: II Ki 20-2111 13 Feb 13 Judah after the Fall of Israel, Pt 3: II Ki 22-2312 20 Feb 13 Judah after the Fall of Isreal, Pt 4: II Ki 24-2513 27 Feb 13 Summary of Kings

II Kings

Today’s Objectives• Review lesson (II Kings 9-10 – rise of Jehu)• Learn how Joash was saved from death, how he was

raised, and about his reforms as king of Judah• Learn about the decline of Joash ‘s reign and his

death• Learn about the evil reign of the son and grandson

of Jehu in Israel• Learn about Elisha’s death• Learn about the reign of Amaziah in Judah and

Jeroboam II in Israel

Previous Lesson• Reviewed previous weeks lesson (II Kings 6-8 –

story of how Elisha’s ministry expanded, siege of Samaria, and death of Ben Hadad, king of Syria)

• Reviewed historical maps of Israel and the region• Learned how Jehu was anointed king• Learned how and where Jehu kills Joram, king of

Israel, and Ahaziah, king of Judah• Learned what Jehu does to the rest Ahab’s family,

including Jezebel, as well as his allies• Learned how Jehu rids Israel of Baal worshipping

Overview of I and II Kings• Originally one book

– Early Greek manuscripts of the OT combined the books of Samuel and Kings under the title of "kingdoms," or "reigns"

– Kings was broken into two books for convenience sake because of its length (Greek translation)

• Authorship– Some portions of the book identical to the book of Jeremiah– Jeremiah would have personal knowledge of some contents– Evidence that Ezra was the author after the Babylonian captivity

• Timeline– Approximately 400 years, written between 560 B.C. and 538 B.C.– Start: Death of David in 971 B.C. – End: Jehoiachin's release from a Babylonian prison in 562 B.C.

Overview of I and II Kings• Books of Samuel and Kings cover Israel's period as

a nation under a king:– I Samuel: Life of Saul– II Samuel: Life of David– I Kings: Solomon and the divided kingdom– II Kings: The fall of the divided kingdoms of Israel and

Judah• Content of I and II Kings

– 47 chapters (I Ki – 22 chapters, II Ki – 25 chapters)– History of the Jewish commonwealth– Death of David to subjugation to Babylonians

• Purpose– Imparting of great moral lessons backed up by well-

known illustrations– Religious history – Focused upon kings rather than prophets

• Key Lesson– God does not fail His people; His people, led by their

kings, have failed God– God’s covenant has the contingency of Israel’s

faithfulness– Covenant also promises a return from exile those that

return to God

Overview of I and II Kings

Main Characters of Chapter 11-14• Joash – boy king of Judah, son of king Ahaziah

and grandson of Jehoram (Judah), and Athaliah• Athaliah – Wife of king Jehoram (Judah) and

daughter of king Ahab and Jezebel (Israel)• Jehoram – King of Israel, son of Ahab, grandson

of Omri; killed at Jezreel by Jehu• Ahaziah – King of Judah, allied with king

Jehoram, killed on the way to Megiddo by Jehu, father of Joash

• Jehosheba - Daughter of king Jehoram, sister of Ahaziah, protected Joash from murder by Ahaziah

Main Characters of Chapter 11-14• Jehoiada - Temple high priest who protected

Joash• Hazael – King of Syria who attacks Judah• Elisha – Prophet of God• Jehoahaz – King of Israel, son of king Jehu,

reigns 17 years• Jehoash (Joash) – King of Israel, son of king

Jehoahaz, grandson of Jehu• Ben-Hadad – King of Syria, son of king Hazael• Amaziah – King of Judah, son of Joash• Jeroboam II - King of Israel son of Jehoash (3)

Places of Chapter 11-14• Jerusalem – Location of temple and palace• Syria – North of Israel, also called Aram• Gath – West of Jerusalem, King Hazael

captures• Aphek – City in northwest Israel• Sela – City in Edom, south of Judah, in which

king Amaziah defeated Edomites• Beth Shemesh – City in Judah, where king

Amaziah of Judah lost to king Jehoash of Israel

Beth Shemesh

Beth Shemesh

World Geopolitical Status• 840-750 B.C.• Shift in regional powers• Decline of Syria, Eastern tribes; Rise of

Assyria• Shalmaneser III came to power• History records Jehu of Israel paid tribute to

Shalmaneser III around 841 B.C.• Beginning with the campaigns of Adad-nirari

II, Assyria became a great regional power, around 811 B.C.

• Rome founded in 753 B.C.

Joash’s Life is Saved(II Kings 11:1-12)

• Queen Athaliah rules over Judah (11:1-3)– She thought she had destroyed all heirs of King Ahaziah– But King Joram’s sister, Jehosheba, hid Joash– He hid in the temple for six years

• Jehoiada plans to reveal the hidden heir to the throne (11:4-11)– Sends for all the captains and guards of the palace– Asks them to make a covenant and take an oath– They must protect the new king

• Joash is crowned and received as king (11:12)

Death of Queen Athaliah(II Kings 11:13-21)

• Joash is revealed to Athaliah (11:13-14)– Athaliah hears the noise and goes to the temple– Cries out “Treason! Treason!” as she sees the boy king

• Jehoiada directs Athaliah’s execution (11:15-16)– Commands the captains to execute Athaliah– Take her to the horse entrance of the kings house and

there she is killed• Joash’s new covenant (11:17)

– The people of Judah should be the Lord’s people• Reforms of Joash (11:18-21)

– Destroy temples of Baal, kills priest of Baal

Jehoash Repairs the Temple(II Kings 12:1-16)

• Jehoash’s reign (12:1-3)– Did what was right in the sight of the Lord– All the days that Jehoiada instructed him– High places stayed

• Decree regarding repair of the temple (12:4-5)– All gifts of money to the temple for repair

• Money is gathered for rebuilding temple (12:6-13)– Priests not doing a good or timely job– Jehoash directs Jehoiada to manage the project

• Temple is repaired (12:14-16)

Decline of King Jehoash(II Kings 12:17-21)

• King Jehoash pays tribute to King Hazael (12:17-18)– King Hazael takes Gath, then sets out for Jerusalem– King Jehoash, fearful, takes sacred treasures of Judah

and gives them to Hazael as a tribute– King Hazael does not attack Jerusalem

• Assassination of Joash (Jehoash) (12:19-21)– Servants rose and killed him in the house of Millo

Jehoahaz and Jehoash, Kings of Israel (II Kings 13:1-13)

• Reign of Jehoahaz (13:1-4)– 23rd year of the reign of Joash of Judah– Reigned 17 years, did evil in the sight of the Lord– Similar sins to Jeroboam– Delivered Israel to Syria

• Rest of Jehoahaz’s reign (13:5-9)– Escaped from Syria’s rule, but continue to sin– Army of Syria destroys them and Jehoahaz is killed– Joash becomes king of Israel

• Jehoash’s reign in Israel (13:10-13)– 16 years long, did evil in the sight of the Lord

Death of Elisha (II Kings 13:14-21)

• King Joash of Israel weeps for Elisha (13:14-17)– Elisha becomes sick, from which he would die– Elisha instructs him with a bow and arrow– Strike the Syrians at Aphek and destroy them

• King Joash fails in his aggressiveness (13:18-19)– Elisha instructs him to strike the ground with arrows– King Joash does three times– Elisha, angry, states that he could have done it many more

times• Elisha dies and is buried (13:20-21)

– Miracle of a man revived

God’s Mercy for Israel(II Kings 13:22-25)

• God’s kindness to Israel (13:22-23)– Hazael of Syria had oppressed Israel– God would have mercy on Israel

• Victory of Israel against the Syrians (13:24-25)– Hazael of Syria dies and is replaced by Ben-Hadad– Jehoash and his son Jehoahaz recaptures the land of

Israel taken by Hazael– Three times, Joash defeated him and recaptures the

cities of Israel

The reign of Amaziah over Judah(II Kings 14:1-22)

• Summary of Amaziah’s reign in Judah (14:1-4)– Son of Joash, king of Judah– 25 years old, reigned 29 years– Did what was right in the sight of the Lord, except the high

places were not taken away• Examples of Amaziah’s obedience (14:5-7)

– Executed servants who murdered his father– But did not execute the children of the murderers– Victory over Edomites at Sela

• Amaziah is defeated by Jehoash of Israel (14:8-14)• Amaziah is rejected as king, son reigns (14:15-22)

Reign of Jeroboam II in Israel(II Kings 14:23-29)

• Summary of Jeroboam II’s reign (14:23-29)– Ruled Israel– 15th year of Amaziah, son of Joash, king of Judah– Reigned 40 years– Did evil in the sight of the Lord– Restored the territory of Israel from Hamath to the Sea

of Arabah– Recaptured Israel, from Damascus and Hamath– Zechariah, his son, reigned in his place

Review• Reviewed previous weeks lesson (II Kings 9-10 –

rise of Jehu)• Learned how Joash was saved from death, how he

was raised, and about his reforms as king of Judah• Learned about the decline of Joash ‘s reign and his

death• Learned the evil reign of the son and grandson of

Jehu in Israel• Learned about Elisha’s death.• Learned about the reign of Amaziah in Judah and

Jeroboam II in Israel