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A Developing Power System:

Challenges & Prospects(Case study on Bangladesh)

Monir HossainGraduate Student (PhD)

Electrical Engineering University of New Orleans

Bangladesh at a Glance

• Official Name : People’s Republic of Bangladesh

• Political System : Parliamentary Democracy

• Population : 158 million

• Area : 147,570 km2

• Time Zone : GMT+6 Hours

• GDP Per Capita : USD 829 (FY 2013)

• GDP Growth Rate: 6-7% (High compare to other SARAC countries)

• Major Maritime Ports: Chittagong, Mongla

• Currency : BDT (1 BDT = USD 0.014)

• Major Industries : Textile & RMG, Jute, Pharmaceuticals, Ship breaking

INDIA

CHINA

DHAKA

KHULNA

RAJSHAHI

SYLHET

CHITTAGONG

BARISAL

INDIA

INDIA

INDIA

200 miles500 km

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Infrastructure:

Generation: 165MW

132kV Line: 1583 ckt km66kV Line: 167 ckt. km

Bangladesh Power System

Year 1972

Infrastructure:

Generation: 3200MW

230kV Line: 1365 ckt. km132kV Line: 4961 ckt. km

230/132kV SS: 7 (3150 MVA)132/33kV SS: 63 (5507 MVA)

BangladeshGrid

Network

Year 2003

Infrastructure:

Generation: 10GW

400kV Line: 54.7 ckt. km230kV Line: 3038 ckt. km132kV Line: 6224 ckt. km

HVDC Station: 1 (500 MW)230/132kV SS: 17 (7525 MVA)132/33kV SS: 103 (11780 MVA)

BangladeshPower System

Year 2014

Historical Energy Net Generation (GWh) in Bangladesh

Present Structure of Power Sector Apex Institution

Power Division, Ministry of Power, Energy & Mineral Resources (MPEMR)

RegulatorBangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC)

Generation Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) Ashuganj Power Station Company Ltd. (APSCL)

Electricity Generation Company of Bangladesh (EGCB) North West Power Generation Company Ltd. (NWPGCL) Independent Power Producers (IPPs)

Transmission Power Grid Company of Bangladesh Ltd (PGCB)

Distribution Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB) Dhaka Power Distribution Company (DPDC) Dhaka Electric Supply Company Ltd (DESCO) West Zone Power Distribution Company (WZPDC) Rural Electrification Board (REB) through Rural Co-operatives

Bangladesh’s Power Sector: At a Glance

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2014

Electricity Growth : 10%

Generation Capacity (MW) : 10,213

Maximum Generation (MW) : 7,556

Total Consumers (in Million) : 14.2

Transmission Lines (ckt.km) : 9,322

Distribution Lines (km) : 288,787

Per Capita Generation (including Captive) : 321

Access to Electricity (including Off-Grid Renewable)

: 62%

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Primary Fuel Supply Options Gas: Only 16 TCF proven reserve. No significant gas discovery

in recent years. Depleting gas reserve restricts gas based generation expansion

Hydro: Present capacity 230 MW. No further significant potential Coal: Total 3.2 billion ton reserve in 5 mines. Mines are located

at dense populated area. Oil: Depends on importing. Renewable: Present capacity only 70 MW. High prospect of

solar.

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Public Sector

SL. Installed Generation Capacity (MW)

1. BPDB 4186

2. APSCL 777

3. EGCB 622

4. NWPGCL 300

5. RPCL 77

Subtotal 5,962 (58%)

Private Sector

1. IPPs 1330

2. SIPPs (BPDB) 99

3. SIPPs (REB) 226

4. 15 YR. Rental 167

5. 3/5 YR. Rental 1929

6. Power Import 500

Subtotal 4,251 (42%)

Total 10,213 Considering 20 % Maintenance and Forced Outage, Available

Generation Capacity is about 7500 MW without fuel constraint

Present Installed Generation Capacity

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Fuel Mix: FY-2013

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Typical Summer Load Curve

MW

13

Typical Winter Load Curve

MW

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Estimated Future Demand

MW

Challenges

Huge demand supply gap causes regular load

shedding

High growth rate of electricity due to new

electrification & industrial growth

Fuel crisis due to depleting gas reserve

Arranging fund for investment

Scopes & Prospects

Efficiency improvement of existing power plants.

Fuel diversification.

Regional power trading.

Efficiency improvement of existing power plants.

Total gas based power plants: 6500MW

Average efficiency of gas based power plants: 30%

Efficiency of modern CCPP (Gas)= 60%

Possible output using same amount of gas= 13000MW

Fuel Diversification

Coal:

Local Coal + Imported Coal

Solar:

Chittagong 4x660MWChittagong 4x660MW

Road Map for Coal Power Development

　　　　 : Potential Coal PS: Potential Coal PS　　　　 : Potential Coal : Potential Coal CenterCenter　　　　 : Ocean-going vessel: Ocean-going vessel　　　　 : Transship: Transship

Khulna 2x660MW Khulna 2x660MW

K-D-P 6x1000 MW K-D-P 6x1000 MW

MatarbariMatarbari

Coal Center

ChittagongChittagong

Sonadia IslandSonadia Island

Railway

Total 14,000MW Total 14,000MW

Moheshkhali/Matarbari 4x660MWMoheshkhali/Matarbari 4x660MW

Meghnaghat 2x660MWMeghnaghat 2x660MW

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Bangladesh

Huge potential in solar

Land constraint

Rooftop Solar Panels

Islands for Mega Solar

Solar Power

Regional Power Trade

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Bangladesh

Solar Power

Huge prospect in solar

Main limitation: Land constraint

Islands can be identified for solar

(2000MW)

60GW

30GW80GW

Hydro Power Potential & Transmission corridor

India needs corridorNepal & Bhutan has excess potential

1GW

1GW

6.5GW

Regional Power Exchange: Possibilities

6x6.5GW

4-6GW

6.5GW2GW

1GW

Probable Power Generation: Primary Fuel Sources by 2030

Sl. No. Description Capacity (MW) Probable Location (s)

1 Domestic Coal 6,000 North West Region at Mine Mouth

2 Imported Coal 8,000 Chittagong and Khulna

3 Domestic Gas 13,000 Near Load Centers

4 Solar 2,000 Islands, Rooftop

5 Regional Grid 8,000-10,000 Barapukuria, Jamalpur, Dhaka, Bheramara

6 Others (Oil, Hydro) 15,00 Near Load Centers

Total 41,500

Recommended Strategic Policy

Ensuring Investment Friendly Environment Efficient use of gas: Simple Cycle to Combined Cycle

Conversion Coal Policy Deep Sea Port & Coal Centre Locations Identification for Mega Solar Friendly Relation with Neighbor’s Participation on Hydro Power Development Projects (India,

Nepal & Bhutan)

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THANKS