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ACrossover Interconnection Model of UPnPDevices in Different
Family Networks Based on OSGi FrameworkShizhe Tan 1,Yuandong
Li2,Wenlong Zhang3,Shengxu Wang4
1,2,3 Department of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of
China, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China4 63981 Army Wuhan,
430311,China
[email protected],[email protected],[email protected]
Abstract-As the interconnection technology of intelligent
devices in smart homes become more and more mature, the
problems of resolving interoperability of devices in
different
home networks arises spontaneously. In this paper, we
proposed a crossover interconnection model which is based
on OSGi Framework, and it can solve the problems of
interoperability of intelligent devices in different home
networks. Consequently, it is very important in remote
control and sharing of information. Finally, we designed an
experiment in order to test the possibility of crossover
interconnection and loading capacity of this model. The
result shows that intelligent devices in different home
networks could connect with each other, but reflecting delay
is growing with the increasing number of online devices.
Keywords-interoperability; UPnP; model; OSGi; intelligent
I. INTRODUCTION
Home interconnection technology is aimed atmaking intelligent
devices in home networks access eachother freely and share
information. Now, intelligentdevices are so popular that a series
of standardinterconnection protocols come into our view. Such
as,UPnP, DLNA, IGRS, MIRACAST, etc. These standardprotocols are
committed to implementing theinteroperability of intelligent
devices in a smart home. Inparticular, it’s very important in
remote control andsharing media resources to us in our scheme
building abridge among different smart homes.
Due to the potential value of interconnectiontechnology, many
people have beginning to researchthese interconnection standards.
Some devote to improvethe property of a particular protocol, such
as, AUPnP-based Decentralized Service Discovery ImprovedAlgorithm
[1], A Improved Algorithm for UPnP Discovery
in Smart Space [2], etc. Some focused on the expansion ofthese
standard protocols, for example, a smart livingenvironment
auto-adjustment control system based onUPnP [3] which focused on
environmental control usingthe human physiological state, a control
system ofsubstation that aimed at reducing the complexity
oftraditional substation monitoring and networkcommunication
equipment interconnection andinteroperability, etc. Others are
committed to theinteroperability of these standard protocols.
Fig.1.The Diagram Of Crossover Interconnection Model
These researches are particular emphasis on localarea. It is a
difficult problem that implements devices indifferent smart homes
connect to each other freely. So theobjective of our work focuses
on how to break the limitof local area network and improve the
interoperability ofthe devices. Especially, one could access the
service ofanother from remote area. Thus, we do a series ofresearch
and analysis on this, and propose a schemashown in Fig.1, which
mainly include two components-Gateway, Data Dispatcher Center.
Generally, the controlpoint in Home A can only control local
devices. But inthis model, it can control any devices in Home B
orHome # through Gateway and Data Dispatcher Center.
2015 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence
& Communication Technology
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10.1109/CICT.2015.135
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In addition, we test the interoperability of differentdevices
from LAN and WAN, and have researched therelationship between
access delay and loading capacity ofthis model.
Ⅱ. CROSSOVER INTERCONNECTION MODEL
A. Design ConsiderationsThe UPnP is that extends the plug and
play concept
to the networking based on the standard Internet protocol[4].
Its architecture offers widespread peer-to-peer networkconnectivity
in PCs, home appliances, and smart devices.The main components of
the UPnP architecture aredevices, control points, and services. An
UPnP device isan entity that provides services. A control point is
aservice requester. A service is a unit of functionalityimplemented
by a device. Figure.2 shows a diagram ofthe basic relationships
among devices, control points, andservices [5]. UPnP networking is
accomplished through sixsteps: addressing, discovery, description,
control, event,and presentation. Table.1 explains the six steps of
theUPnP networking [6]
.Fig. 2.Basic relation among Device, Control Point and
Service
Table 1. The UPnP Networking Steps
A control point in any home networks can searchupnp devices on
internet which it interested in throughthis model. It also can send
control commands to theupnp devices that have been searched.
Generally, acontrol point only can search and control a upnp device
inLAN. To solve this problem, we designed two modulesnamed Gateway
and Data Dispatcher Center showed inFig.1.
B. Gateway ModuleThe design objective of this module is to
provide a
platform through which local devices can interconnectwith Date
Dispatcher Center. So devices can publishself-information to data
distribution center through thisplatform. Control points from other
networks can sendsearch query commands to Data Dispatcher Center
toacquire devices that interested in, and then get servicesthey
need.The framework of this module consists of four layers:
an UPnP stack layer, an UPnP Driver Component layer,an OSGi
Framework layer, a Web Server layer, whichshowed in Fig.3.
Fig.3.The 4-Layer of Gateway Module Architecture
The UPnP Stack Layer provides a support for an upnpdevice and a
control point through interfaces includingaddress, description,
control, and event. When parse adescription xml document, we used
dom4j, and parsed asoap message through sax which can cut down
usedmemory space to work efficiently.The UDC Layer is consisted of
Control Point Module,
Data Encapsulate Module, Device Register Module, andIGD Device
Module. The Control Point module canacquire device description
documents and service
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description documents of UPnP devices which are online.When
description documents are received, they are storedby tree-node,
and then are encapsulated into objectswhich are needed to be
transmitted to The DataEncapsulate Module. The Data Encapsulate
Module isdesigned with adapter pattern to implement the
UPnPinterfaces provided by OSGi Framework using objectswhich
transmitted by The Control Point Module. TheDevice Register Module
will register these implementedinterfaces to OSGi Framework.The
OSGi Layer mainly focus on OSGi Framework.
The primary OSGi reference architecture is based on amodel where
an operator manages a potentially largenetwork of service
platforms. It assumes that the serviceplatforms are fully
controlled by the operator and areused to run services from many
different serviceproviders [7].The Web Server plays a role in
providing a view that
presented to remote users and services to a control pointin
other networks. The following three requirements areneeded to
encourage system developers to install anaccess control on Web
servers [8]. Firstly, it is easier to use.Secondly, it is
independent from the program executionmethods such as DSO or CGI.
Thirdly, it must be lessperformance degradation. It is designed
with MVCpattern and deployed into jetty. MVC is a typical
softwarearchitecture model. When working, it needs to
acquireservices from OSGi Framework and encapsulate theseservices
for providing a support to a serverlet or a jsppage.
Fig.4.Gateway Module Interconnection
Fig.4 shows the process of an UPnP Device registeredto the Data
Dispatcher Center.
C. Data Distribution CenterGenerally, a control point only can
find UPnP devices
in local area, but sometimes we need to find services
thatprovided by UPnP devices in WAN. So we designed thismodule. The
module consists of three layers—a PlatformLayer, a Database Layer,
a Web Server Layer whichshowed in Fig.5.
Fig.5.The 3-Layer of Data Dispatcher Center Architecture
We designed this module based on Linux platformand SQL Server
2000 database. The focus is in the WebServer Layer which include
three modules—a SecurityCertificate Module, a Data Acquisition
Module, aDatabase Operation Module. The Security Certificatemodule
mainly responsible for the authentication of theGateway registered
to this module. When authenticationsucceeds, the Data Acquisition
Module will acquire UPnPdevice information through the Gateway.
Then DatabaseOperation Module will store information of UPnP
devicesto local database which can be retrieved by a
remotecontrolpoint.
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Fig.6.Data Dispatcher Center Interconnection
In Fig.6, we can see the detailed interconnectionprocess of all
components in this module clearly. You canfind how a remote control
point find devices throughretrieving a database and execute a
command line.
III. EXPERIMENT
A. Experiment SetupThe devices list needed in this experiment is
showed
in Table.2.Computer A plays the role of Data Dispatcher
Center,
Computer B plays the role of the Gateway in Network A,Computer C
plays the role of the Gateway in NetworkB.In ten Mobile Phones, one
of which plays the role ofthe Control Point in Network B, others
play the role ofUPnP Devices in Network B. In ten Pads, one plays
therole of the Control Point in Network C, others plays therole of
UPnP Devices in Network C.
Table.2. Device list
B. Experiment ResultIn this experiment, we made a media player
to play a
media resources provided by a UPnP Device which wasin a remote
home network. Firstly, we succeed to retrievedevices from Data
Dispatcher Center, you can see it inFig.7.(a). Secondly, we needed
to acquire mediaresources from the device and we done it which
showedin Fig.7.(b) and Fig.7.(c). At last, we showed the
videoplaying result in Fig.7.(d).In addition, we studied the
relationship among retrieve
delay, invoke delay and devices number that online.Fortesting
it, we made a series of UPnP Devices simulated bya computer
software in incremental mode. Every time,weincrease by 30, and then
test the delay. At last, we drew
Fig.8.
Fig.7.Result display
Fig.8.Relationship among Device number, Invoke delay and
Retrieve
delay
IV. CONCLUSION
We have collected and settled mass of data relatedto this
project, and done a lot of experiments to designthis model system.
Now, we have designed it , and acontrol point in one network have
succeed to discoverand control an UPnP device in another network.
Inaddition, we have studied the relationship among onlinedevice
number, retrieve delay, command invoke delay,which provides
references for using in large scaleoptimization.
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V.ACKNOWLDGEMENT
We thank our instructor Shizhe Tan for his careful andwise
guidance. We also thank our partner, Shijie Wang,Xuemei Wang for
their hardworking in collecting andsettling data and documents
related to the project.
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