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A Corpus Study of Strong and Powerful

Dominic Castello

Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics Module 4 Assignment

July 2014

ELAL College of Arts & Law University of Birmingham

Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT

United Kingdom

1

CL/14/01

Take a small number of words or phrases (between 2 and 5) and carry out a corpus-based

study to show how they are used in similar or different ways. Choose words/phrases which

are interesting in some way – e.g. your students often confuse them; they cause problems

for translators working with a specific language; you yourself have difficulty deciding when

to use one or the other. Examples of words / phrases which have been studied in the past

include: between and through; immense, enormous and massive; reason to and reason for;

on the other hand and on the contrary. Be sure to reflect critically on your methodology.

(Note that you should not repeat these studies, which are mentioned as examples, but should

choose different sets of words.)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction 3

2.0 Literature Review

2.1 An introduction to corpus linguistics 2.2 Types of corpora 2.3 Corpus studies and intuition 2.4 Capability and limitations of corpus data 2.5 Collocation and semantic preference

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4 4 5 6 7

3.0 Analysis

2.1 Methodology 2.2 Definitions of strong and powerful 2.3 Token frequency 2.4 Collocation and patterns 2.5 Lexical patterning

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8 9 10 11 14

4.0 Conclusion 17

5.0 References 18

6.0 Appendix 20

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1.0 Introduction

This paper presents an exploratory corpus study into the terms strong and powerful, and will

compare their usage and distribution to identify patterns, similarities and differences in the

ways that they are used. Adopting the view that language is, first and foremost a

communication tool, polysemous words - lexical items whose senses are identical in respect

of ‘central’ semantic traits but not in ‘peripheral’ traits (Cruse 1986, cited in Chung 2011) -

can present challenges to the language learner in terms of knowing the appropriate contexts

in which to use them.

The decision to analyse these particular words came from personal experience working as

a language instructor at secondary level. Presently, students in my school are taught English

vocabulary mainly as a discrete activity where, in some cases, similar words are presented

to them as being perfectly synonymous.

At certain stages of learning, the advantages of this approach are self-evident: it is seldom

beneficial to present every sense of a word from the outset. However, as students become

more confident with the vocabulary through writing and conversation, naturally they apply

the words in a variety of contexts with the understanding that they can be universally

substituted.

Returning to my experience, as the extent of the lexical overlap (or indeed the lack thereof)

between the words became more apparent to students, questions arose concerning how to

differentiate which of them were appropriate in a given context. Which one would best

describe a compelling argument, an economically successful or influential nation, or

athletes such as bodybuilders? Are certain words or types of words more likely to appear

with strong than powerful and vice versa?

The current study aims to use empirical evidence to investigate the patterns of language

relating to these words. In doing so it is hoped that the similarities and differences between

the terms and the ways in which they are used (that is to say, in context or as part of a

semantic group) will be revealed.

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2.0 Literature review

2.1 An introduction to corpus linguistics

Corpus linguistics is a methodology of linguistic analysis that views ‘naturally-occurring’

language as a credible source for the investigation and classification of linguistic structures

(Neselhauff 2011). According to Hanks (2012), corpus linguistics is primarily concerned

with interpreting observed language in order to arrive at statements on patterns in word

meaning or syntactic composition.

Within this field, a corpus is defined as ‘a large collection of authentic texts that have been

selected and organised following precise linguistic criteria’ (Sinclair 1991, 1996; Leech

1991:8, Williams 2003 amongst others). Corpus data is systematic in that its structure and

contents will be governed by a number of sampling principles, such as the mode of

discourse, subject and variety of language (Neselhauff 2011), while its authenticity stems

from the fact that a corpus typically pulls together thousands if not millions of written and/or

spoken texts sampled directly from 'maximally representative' examples of language in use

(Mcenery and Wilson 1996:87, Dobric 2009:360, Bowker and Pearson 2002:9).

Corpus-driven lexicographers arrive at statements about word meaning or syntactic

structures by studying usage, and evaluating the constraints and preferences associated with

each word ‘for what they really are’ (Hanks 2012).

2.2 Types of corpora

The earliest electronic corpora were compiled in the 1960s, but it was, according to () the

technological advances of the 1970s - most significantly the introduction of digital

computers - that meant that for the first time there was sufficient power to collate electronic

language databases (Mcenery and Hardie 2013). These could be used as a resource with

which to better understand the characteristics of an unprecedented number of source texts.

In the 1990s, further developments in corpus design allowed for the capture of discourse in

much greater volume. The resulting corpora were considered a rich and varied enough

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resource for linguists to give the most balanced and accurate reflection of language as it is

used everyday (ibid.).

Aside from general corpora, which in their wide scope principally aim to investigate

language as a whole (Hunston and Laviosa 2000:80), there are a number of other types of

corpora each with a particular focus and purpose. A specialised corpus samples discourse

within a specific field (science papers, newspaper editorials or students’ essays, for

instance); different languages or varieties of language (such as localised or indigenised

Englishes) can be compared and contrasted using parallel and comparable corpora

respectively; a diachronic corpus that periodically samples a type of discourse can be used

to track developments in language over time.

For all types of corpus, examining the behaviour of words as they are found in corpus data

allows us to perceive and interpret any structures or patterns that may be contained within

the sampled language.

2.3 Corpus studies and intuition

Prior to the developments that led to the creation of such vast corpora, the analysis of

prosodic and semantic behaviour was primarily conducted by native speakers who, for the

most part, relied on their intuitive personal assessment of what was acceptable for a

language to do, and how it was possible for combinations of words to work together

(Paikeday 1985, Devitt 2006).

At the time, this ‘introspective data’ was considered to be an adequate, if not unequivocal

source of information on linguistic patterns (Xiao and Mcenery 2006, Wasow and Arnold

2005). Kramsch (1997:359) claims that historically, the study of languages has been

predicated on the apparent vantage point afforded to the native-speaker. More explicitly,

Hunston and Laviosa (2000) cite Chomsky’s (1968) advocacy of native-speaker intuition,

which he claimed was ‘sufficient to identify what is acceptable in a language, without the

need for further evidence’.

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However, this position of de facto authority has been called into question in a number of

subsequent studies. Researchers and linguistics (including Wasow and Arnold 2006:1484;

Haegeman 2006; Devitt 2006) dispute the reliability of native speaker intuition as a means

of determining the patterns by which words collocate and how they should be used. Hanks

(2012) goes on to assert that although intuition may be used to judge a general sense of

well-formedness, meaning or acceptability of a word, a more empirical and data-focused

method is required for the formation of sound linguistic hypotheses that can characterize

the nature of language.

Of course, the adoption of powerful computer based databases and language analysis tools

does not negate the merit of human judgement in corpus-based research. Native speaker

intuition may suggest that something is natural or grammatically correct, while corpus

evidence can be used to illustrate the commonality of certain possibilities. As Hunston

(2000) and Scott and Tribble (2006) note that in any case, intuition is needed to interpret

the evidence found in a corpora and reach effective conclusions as to the behaviour of

language. Rather than viewing these forms of analysis as being mutually exclusive, Leech

(1991:15) finds that the most comprehensive and considered analysis ‘depends on a division

of labour between the corpus and human mind’.

2.4 Capability and limitations of corpus data

Corpus data gives researchers a good chance to infer and conclude the meanings of words

from the repeated grammatical patterns as well as the collocation of the words in question.

With the help of these large banks of text, it is possible to make well-informed judgments

about how words behave in specific contexts and registers.

It should be remembered that however extensive the source material might be, a corpus and

its findings serve only as a reflection of that which is selected from the (ultimately finite)

data it contains. Hence, the possibility of total linguistic accountability is, according to

Basarally (2011), unattainable. In light of this, Leech (in Kennedy 1998: 23) advises

caution, noting that ‘some sentences won’t occur because they are obvious, others because

they are false, still others because they are impolite’.

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In addition, corpus data can only help us infer the scope of any underlying meaning that a

word possesses and determine whether collocations are plausible, as opposed to whether or

not they are grammatically acceptable. As such, observations should not be regarded as a

concrete representation of language usage, but as only as reasonable evidence based on what

is available for analysis.

In light of this, data mined from the corpus should be examined closely to ensure that results

are not distorted by incongruous meanings. This issue will be addressed in the methodology.

2.5 Collocation and semantic preference

Originally coined as a technical term by Firth (1957), the collocation of a given word was

said to be ‘a statement on the habitual or customary placings of [a] word’. This description

was later extended by Sinclair (1991), Hoey (1991:6) and Hunston (2002) amongst others

to include ‘lexical items that appear with others with greater than random probability than

their individual frequencies would lead us to expect’.

Collocation goes against the notion that meaning is ascribed purely at the level of words

(Xiao and Mcenery 2006). This attraction or repulsion of certain words to and from others

is an important part of the process of understanding meaning through corpus studies, with a

statistical approach providing a quantitative measurement of the relationship between words

across the innumerable samples of discourse found in a corpus.

Within the realms of corpus there are a number of ways in which to assign the level of

significance between instances of words (Xiao and Mcenery 2006). Of these, the two

statistical tests that will be conducted in the current study will be those for t-scores and MI

scores.

The t-score reflects the extent to which an occurrence of one word together with another

reflects a deviation from what is considered a standard or average level of frequency

(Hunston 2002, Walker 2010). The MI score (mutual information score) is a measure of the

strength of association between words that compares the expected (or random) and actual

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instances of co-occurrence. As will be seen later in the study, it can be used to comment in

greater detail on the lexical behaviour of the chosen words.

For both tests, what these scores denote is not just a greater likelihood of co-occurrence

between words, but also a semantic or phraseological relationship between nodes

(keywords) and collocates, where meaning is derived from the words working in

combination (Granger and Paquot 2008). Going further, a tendency towards collocates from

a single specific field is known as ‘semantic preference’, and enables us to develop a profile

of a word and understand how certain collocates can be ‘bound together in extended units

of meaning’ (Sinclair 1996).

3.0 Analysis

3.1 Methodology

As Albader (2001) states, corpus analysis is a suitable method for understanding the

similarities and differences between seemingly interchangeable words, allowing us to use

their representation in the sampled corpus texts to present a more specific criteria and

suggestions for usage.

This study will examine data drawn the spoken components of the Bank of English (BoE),

a corpora co-owned by the University of Birmingham and HarperCollins Publishers. At the

time of writing, the BoE contains over 650 million words from samples of texts and

transcripts primarily from British, American and Australian sources, providing a

sufficiently large data set from which close observations and analysis can be conducted.

According to Iu (2007), in any corpus-based investigation it is important to clearly define

the size and the variation of the research corpus, in order to ensure that the feedback

information will be of merit. Taking into account how certain concordance lines (and indeed

certain sub-corpora as a whole) can adversely affect the results, it is necessary to explicate

which forms of strong and powerful should be deemed relevant to and suitable for the study.

For instance, lines that employ strong in the sense of ‘indicating the size of a group’ (a

10,000-strong army) will be omitted from the study.

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As has been observed by Hunston (2002), Partington (2004) and Hanks (2012), linguistic

detail can be more carefully examined if the focus is on only a limited number of

concordance lines. Previous studies of analysis-tool design by the likes of Sinclair (2004)

and Mahlberg (2005) detail a range of approaches to mining corpus data for the purpose of

balanced representation. O’Donnell (2008) recommends a procedure of sampling in which

every nth concordance line is selected as being ‘a sufficient means of providing

representative coverage’ of the data in the corpus. In analyses implementing this method

that were researched prior to commenting this study, it was found that n was between 100

and 200, an observation echoed in the work of Hunston (2002:50). Thus this iterative

approach will be used to sample 200 concordance lines for strong and powerful and from

this selection any unwanted occurrences will be eliminated and similarities and difference

in usage and function will be identified.

3.2 Definitions of strong and powerful

The lexicographical definitions of strong and powerful underscore the issues that surround

establishing what is appropriate word usage when, as in the following selected dictionary

entries, near-synonym pairs are repeatedly used to define each other:

strong adj 1. (of people, animals, etc.) having a lot of physical power so that you

can lift heavy weights, do hard physical work, etc strong muscles

2. (of a natural or physical force) having great power 3. having a powerful effect on the body or mind

4. having a lot of power or influence

5. the strong [plural] people who are rich or powerful

6. very powerful and difficult for people to fight against or defeat a

strong team (figurative)

powerful adj 1. (of people) being able to control and influence people and events

2. having great power or force; very effective

3. having a strong effect on your mind or body

4. (of a person or an animal) physically strong

Oxford Learner’s Dictionary (2012) (emphasis added)

In this descriptive comparison, the potential for ambiguity caused by the semantic overlap

between definitions is evident. While there are some mutually exclusive aspects of meaning,

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the definitions do not sufficiently define contextual bounds. Studies by Albader (2011) and

Walker (2011) also show that in such instances, it becomes difficult for the language learner

to distinguish the kinds of words, if any, that are likely to appear with them and hence

appreciate the lexical nuances of the two terms. Thus, it is necessary to turn to the corpus

study in order to clarify the relationship between them.

3.3 Token frequency

A cursory glance at the corpus finds that in terms of the raw frequency of occurrence, the

BoE includes a total of 83,311 concordance lines including the adjective strong and 36,144

using powerful - a ratio of more than 2:1 that shows a clear preference for the use of strong

in the corpus data. By comparing token frequency across sub-corpora (shown in the tables

below) it is possible to identify the ways in which the two terms are employed in discourse,

both in the context of regional variation and subject matter.

Token frequency of strong in the BoE Token frequency of powerful in the BoE

STUDENT ID: 1309765

9

In this descriptive comparison, the potential for ambiguity caused by the semantic overlap between definitions is

evident. While there are some mutually exclusive aspects of meaning, the definitions do not sufficiently define

contextual bounds. Studies by Albader (2011) and Walker (2011) also show that in such instances, it becomes

difficult for the language learner to distinguish the kinds of words, if any, that are likely to appear with them and

hence appreciate the lexical nuances of the two terms. Thus, it is necessary to turn to the corpus study in order to

clarify the relationship between them.

3.3 Token frequency

A cursory glance at the corpus finds that in terms of the raw frequency of occurrence, the BoE includes a total of

83,311 concordance lines including the adjective strong and 36,144 using powerful - a ratio of more than 2:1 that

shows a clear preference for the use of strong in the corpus data. By comparing token frequency across sub-corpora

(shown in the tables below) it is possible to identify the ways in which the two terms are employed in discourse,


Corpus Total Number

of Occurrences

Average Number per Million

Words oznews 8483 242.8/million

usacad 1482 233.7/million

econ 3651 232.3/million

usspok 463 228.8/million

bbc 4240 227.9/million

usnews 2276 227.5/million

times 10372 199.9/million

indy 5492 195.6/million

guard 6232 193.1/million

brbooks 8107 186.9/million

brmags 8099 183.4/million

strathy 2828 177.6/million

npr 3902 175.5/million

wbe 1660 172.0/million

newsci 1322 167.4/million

usbooks 5328 164.3/million

brephem 736 158.6/million

sunnow 6695 149.6/million

usephem 445 126.9/million

brspok 1498 74.6/million

Token frequency of strong in the BoE

Corpus Total Number

of Occurrences


Words usacad 1106 174.4/million














oznews 2386 68.3/million






Token frequency of powerful in the BoE

Perhaps unsurprisingly, for strong and powerful the econ sub-corpora scores highly in its average occurrence,

despite not having one of the greatest token frequencies. In this type of discourse it is not difficult to envisage

references regularly being made to, say, a strong currency or economy, or a powerful nation; this could also be a

contributing factor to the high ranking of news-related corpora in both measurements.

STUDENT ID: 1309765

9

In this descriptive comparison, the potential for ambiguity caused by the semantic overlap between definitions is

evident. While there are some mutually exclusive aspects of meaning, the definitions do not sufficiently define

contextual bounds. Studies by Albader (2011) and Walker (2011) also show that in such instances, it becomes

difficult for the language learner to distinguish the kinds of words, if any, that are likely to appear with them and

hence appreciate the lexical nuances of the two terms. Thus, it is necessary to turn to the corpus study in order to

clarify the relationship between them.

3.3 Token frequency

A cursory glance at the corpus finds that in terms of the raw frequency of occurrence, the BoE includes a total of

83,311 concordance lines including the adjective strong and 36,144 using powerful - a ratio of more than 2:1 that

shows a clear preference for the use of strong in the corpus data. By comparing token frequency across sub-corpora

(shown in the tables below) it is possible to identify the ways in which the two terms are employed in discourse,


Corpus Total Number

of Occurrences


Words oznews 8483 242.8/million

usacad 1482 233.7/million



















Token frequency of strong in the BoE

Corpus Total Number

of Occurrences


Words usacad 1106 174.4/million














oznews 2386 68.3/million






Token frequency of powerful in the BoE

Perhaps unsurprisingly, for strong and powerful the econ sub-corpora scores highly in its average occurrence,

despite not having one of the greatest token frequencies. In this type of discourse it is not difficult to envisage

references regularly being made to, say, a strong currency or economy, or a powerful nation; this could also be a

contributing factor to the high ranking of news-related corpora in both measurements.

11

Perhaps unsurprisingly, for strong and powerful the econ sub-corpora scores highly in its

average occurrence, despite not having one of the greatest token frequencies. In this type of

discourse it is not difficult to envisage references regularly being made to, say, a strong

currency or economy, or a powerful nation; this could also be a contributing factor to the

high ranking of news-related corpora in both measurements.

Within the BoE there is a greater occurrence of powerful in written British English, but a

greater density per million words in written American English (the usacad sub-corpus with

174.4 instances). Likewise, the UK’s times sub-corpus has the greater number of

occurrences of strong, but written texts in Australian and American corpora have the highest

concentration (oznews and usacad with 242.8 and 233.7 instances per million words

respectively).

3.4 Collocations and patterns

Looking at the collocates as ranked by frequency, we come across one issue with the use of

corpus data in uncovering language patterns. It would seem that many of the most like

occurrences are grammatical ones: articles, prepositions, determiners and so on:

Collocates of strong listed by frequency Collocates of powerful listed by frequency

The prevalence of grammar words may suggest that strong and powerful are used as focal

declarative words in a given grammatical structure, as opposed to collocating strongly with

other lexical words that might develop or change in meaning.

STUDENT ID: 1309765

10

Within the BoE there is a greater occurrence of powerful in written British English, but a greater density per million

words in written American English (the usacad sub-corpus with 174.4 instances). Likewise, the UK’s times sub-

corpus has the greater number of occurrences of strong, but written texts in Australian and American corpora have

the highest concentration (oznews and usacad with 242.8 and 233.7 instances per million words respectively).


Looking at the collocates as ranked by frequency, we come across one issue with the use of corpus data in

uncovering language patterns. It would seem that many of the most like occurrences are grammatical ones: articles,

prepositions, determiners and so on:

Frequency Score

a 85 5.398211

the 83 0.544473

and 57 2.562208

to 46 0.910845

of 34 1.205808

as 32 4.030290

in 22 1.472097

is 21 1.323952

that 18 0.429038

for 15 0.232509

Collocates of strong listed by frequency

Frequency Score

the 108 1.928313

a 59 3.094467

and 51 1.868568

of 36 0.838501

to 32 1.382809

in 31 0.376318

most 29 5.071422

is 22 1.506713

s 21 1.245457

more 18 3.427343

Collocates of powerful listed by frequency

The prevalence of grammar words may suggest that strong and powerful are used as focal declarative words in a

given grammatical structure, as opposed to collocating strongly with other lexical words that might develop or

change in meaning.

However, in itself, the relative frequency with which certain words appear together is thought to be an insufficient

means of measuring true collocational strength (Biber, Conrad and Reppen 1998). Particularly when the collocates

are themselves high frequency words (grammatical words such as articles or prepositions, as seen above), it is

necessary to consider that they are likely to collocate with many other words, and thus the pairing may not be

indicative of a collocation unique to the word in question.

The most frequent collocates for both words appear to support this idea: almost all of them serve to facilitate the

functions of other lexical words. However, it can also be seen that the second highest scoring collocate for strong is

as, which may point towards the commonality of use of the phrase as strong as… for the purpose of comparing by

using similes.

STUDENT ID: 1309765

10

Within the BoE there is a greater occurrence of powerful in written British English, but a greater density per million

words in written American English (the usacad sub-corpus with 174.4 instances). Likewise, the UK’s times sub-

corpus has the greater number of occurrences of strong, but written texts in Australian and American corpora have

the highest concentration (oznews and usacad with 242.8 and 233.7 instances per million words respectively).


Looking at the collocates as ranked by frequency, we come across one issue with the use of corpus data in

uncovering language patterns. It would seem that many of the most like occurrences are grammatical ones: articles,

prepositions, determiners and so on:

Frequency Score

a 85 5.398211

the 83 0.544473

and 57 2.562208

to 46 0.910845

of 34 1.205808

as 32 4.030290

in 22 1.472097

is 21 1.323952

that 18 0.429038

for 15 0.232509

Collocates of strong listed by frequency

Frequency Score

the 108 1.928313

a 59 3.094467

and 51 1.868568

of 36 0.838501

to 32 1.382809

in 31 0.376318

most 29 5.071422

is 22 1.506713

s 21 1.245457

more 18 3.427343

Collocates of powerful listed by frequency

The prevalence of grammar words may suggest that strong and powerful are used as focal declarative words in a

given grammatical structure, as opposed to collocating strongly with other lexical words that might develop or

change in meaning.

However, in itself, the relative frequency with which certain words appear together is thought to be an insufficient

means of measuring true collocational strength (Biber, Conrad and Reppen 1998). Particularly when the collocates

are themselves high frequency words (grammatical words such as articles or prepositions, as seen above), it is

necessary to consider that they are likely to collocate with many other words, and thus the pairing may not be

indicative of a collocation unique to the word in question.

The most frequent collocates for both words appear to support this idea: almost all of them serve to facilitate the

functions of other lexical words. However, it can also be seen that the second highest scoring collocate for strong is

as, which may point towards the commonality of use of the phrase as strong as… for the purpose of comparing by

using similes.

12

However, in itself, the relative frequency with which certain words appear together is

thought to be an insufficient means of measuring true collocational strength (Biber, Conrad

and Reppen 1998). Particularly when the collocates are themselves high frequency words

(grammatical words such as articles or prepositions, as seen above), it is necessary to

consider that they are likely to collocate with many other words, and thus the pairing may

not be indicative of a collocation unique to the word in question.

The most frequent collocates for both words appear to support this idea: almost all of them

serve to facilitate the functions of other lexical words. However, it can also be seen that the

second highest scoring collocate for strong is as, which may point towards the commonality

of use of the phrase as strong as... for the purpose of comparing by using similes.

Some of the data gives us opportunity to hypothesise as to whether powerful is commonly

used in a relational sense, where the power of one entity is being compared to that of another,

or to its former state. Examples of this in the concordance lines include the world’s most

powerful republic, a lot more powerful than he is, and three times more powerful. Structure

such as these appear to be reflected in the t-score values detailed below, which cites most

as the word that powerful most strongly attracts. While it is not possible to directly contrast

the use of comparative adverbs here – we would need to include the suffix-based

comparative and superlative forms, stronger and strongest, in the study – the information

derived from the concordance lines gives a clear sense of one of the principle roles that

powerful often performs.

13

Collocates of strong by t-score Collocates of powerful by t-score

It is also interesting to note that of the nouns found in each of the T-score lists, powerful

appears to be more closely associated with concrete nouns – cars, computers, countries and

states. Although strong also features alongside it is unique in that an attraction to several

abstract nouns and concepts is also apparent. Looking through the concordance lines, it is

possible to semantically group some of the words that appear to the right of the node:

Category Examples from concordance lines (node + R1)

‘forms of communication’ statement, message, signal, indication

‘emotions and expressions’ sense, feeling, disapproval, belief, reservation

Possible semantic groupings of words in proximity to strong

This seems to suggest that strong carries much more of a metaphysical connotation than

powerful, which is used in a slightly narrower and physically literal sense.

For strong, the collocates arranged in order of MI score show the infrequent but relatively

uncommon bond with ‘wind’, presumably a result of weather reports or a serious weather-

related incidents reported in the news – as well as the words healthy (combined in

concordance lines in the phrase strong and healthy) and enough, which suggests the

STUDENT ID: 1309765

11

Some of the data gives us opportunity to hypothesise as to whether powerful is commonly used in a relational sense,

where the power of one entity is being compared to that of another, or to its former state. Examples of this in the

concordance lines include the world’s most powerful republic, a lot more powerful than he is, and three times more

powerful. Structure such as these appear to be reflected in the t-score values detailed below, which cites most as the

word that powerful most strongly attracts. While it is not possible to directly contrast the use of comparative

adverbs here – we would need to include the suffix-based comparative and superlative forms, stronger and

strongest, in the study – the information derived from the concordance lines gives a clear sense of one of the

principle roles that powerful often performs.

Node Occurrences T-score

a 85 5.398211

as 32 4.030290

enough 10 2.997096

very 10 2.672156

and 57 2.562208

has 14 2.299574

man 6 2.043312

winds 4 1.986707

resist 3 1.714867

give 4 1.699215

healthy 3 1.691512

feelings 3 1.683230

about 8 1.665534

build 3 1.651156

statement 3 1.638941

Collocates of strong by t-score


most 29 5.071422

more 18 3.427343

a 59 3.094467

too 7 2.256390

rich 5 2.174834

tool 4 1.986362

the 108 1.928313

has 12 1.906473

so 9 1.893271

and 51 1.868568

states 4 1.777617

than 7 1.719727

computers 3 1.699117

cars 3 1.653039

country 4 1.644758

Collocates of powerful by t-score

It is also interesting to note that of the nouns found in each of the T-score lists, powerful appears to be more closely

associated with concrete nouns – cars, computers, countries and states. Although strong also features alongside it is

unique in that an attraction to several abstract nouns and concepts is also apparent. Looking through the

concordance lines, it is possible to semantically group some of the words that appear to the right of the node:

Category Examples from concordance lines (node + R1)!‘forms of communication’ statement, message, signal, indication!‘emotions and expressions’ sense, feeling, disapproval, belief, reservation!


This seems to suggest that strong carries much more of a metaphysical connotation than powerful, which is used in

a slightly narrower and physically literal sense.

For strong, the collocates arranged in order of MI score show the infrequent but relatively uncommon bond with

‘wind’, presumably a result of weather reports or a serious weather-related incidents reported in the news – as well

STUDENT ID: 1309765

11

Some of the data gives us opportunity to hypothesise as to whether powerful is commonly used in a relational sense,

where the power of one entity is being compared to that of another, or to its former state. Examples of this in the

concordance lines include the world’s most powerful republic, a lot more powerful than he is, and three times more

powerful. Structure such as these appear to be reflected in the t-score values detailed below, which cites most as the

word that powerful most strongly attracts. While it is not possible to directly contrast the use of comparative

adverbs here – we would need to include the suffix-based comparative and superlative forms, stronger and

strongest, in the study – the information derived from the concordance lines gives a clear sense of one of the

principle roles that powerful often performs.


a 85 5.398211

as 32 4.030290

enough 10 2.997096

very 10 2.672156

and 57 2.562208

has 14 2.299574

man 6 2.043312

winds 4 1.986707

resist 3 1.714867

give 4 1.699215

healthy 3 1.691512

feelings 3 1.683230

about 8 1.665534

build 3 1.651156


Collocates of strong by t-score


most 29 5.071422

more 18 3.427343

a 59 3.094467

too 7 2.256390

rich 5 2.174834

tool 4 1.986362

the 108 1.928313

has 12 1.906473

so 9 1.893271

and 51 1.868568

states 4 1.777617

than 7 1.719727


cars 3 1.653039

country 4 1.644758

Collocates of powerful by t-score

It is also interesting to note that of the nouns found in each of the T-score lists, powerful appears to be more closely

associated with concrete nouns – cars, computers, countries and states. Although strong also features alongside it is

unique in that an attraction to several abstract nouns and concepts is also apparent. Looking through the

concordance lines, it is possible to semantically group some of the words that appear to the right of the node:

Category Examples from concordance lines (node + R1)!‘forms of communication’ statement, message, signal, indication!‘emotions and expressions’ sense, feeling, disapproval, belief, reservation!


This seems to suggest that strong carries much more of a metaphysical connotation than powerful, which is used in

a slightly narrower and physically literal sense.

For strong, the collocates arranged in order of MI score show the infrequent but relatively uncommon bond with

‘wind’, presumably a result of weather reports or a serious weather-related incidents reported in the news – as well

14

prevalence of the phrase ‘BE VERB strong enough VERB INF’. This structure does not

appear as often in the form to be powerful enough to do...; instead the high degree of mutual

attraction to rich suggests the use of the phrase rich and powerful – this would be in keeping

with the way in which powerful is used to describe concrete nouns.

collocates of strong sorted by MI score collocates of powerful sorted by MI score

3.5 Lexical patterning

Both strong and powerful share some lexical patterns, although examined more closely the

selected concordance lines show slight variations in the ways in which these are utilised.

The table below show the most prominent forms of lexical patterning as found in the

concordance lines; they have been divided into those that are common and those that are

exclusive.

STUDENT ID: 1309765

12

as the words healthy (combined in concordance lines in the phrase strong and healthy) and enough, which suggests

the prevalence of the phrase ‘BE VERB strong enough VERB INF’. This structure does not appear as often in the

form to be powerful enough to do…; instead the high degree of mutual attraction to rich suggests the use of phrase

rich and powerful – this would be in keeping with the way in which powerful is used to describe concrete nouns.

Collocate Frequency MI score

winds 4 7.233869

resist 3 6.655929

healthy 3 5.417572

feelings 3 5.149367

build 3 4.420722

enough 10 4.259264


defence 3 3.853712

growth 3 3.716543

sometimes 3 3.593595

needed 3 3.579244

sales 3 3.529853

position 3 3.434968

strong 3 3.336684

force 3 3.333979

collocates of strong sorted by MI score


tool 4 7.196973


rich 5 5.191002

cars 3 4.454711

nation 3 4.151843

most 29 4.101746

written 3 4.048087

defence 3 3.853712

states 4 3.169198

too 7 2.764771

become 3 2.576209

enough 3 2.522125

country 4 2.493374

yet 3 2.396265

once 3 2.389255

collocates of powerful sorted by MI scor


Both strong and powerful share some lexical patterns, although examined more closely the selected concordance

lines show slight variations in the ways in which these are utilised. The table below show the most prominent forms

of lexical patterning as found in the concordance lines; they have been divided into those that are common and

those that are exclusive.

Strong Powerful

ADV strong a strong N

as strong as N strong and ADJ

ADV powerful a powerful N

as powerful as N ADJ and powerful

BE VERB strong enough V-inf

N (as possessor)’s powerful N ADV powerful than

Prominent lexical patterns in concordance lines

Let us consider some of the main characteristics and profile of these words by focusing on the ways in which

similar and different lexical patterns are used. Although patterns with preceding adverbs are common to both words,

the choice of adverbs in some of the concordance lines suggest that strong is preferred when conveying the idea

that a power or force is overwhelming or sustained:

STUDENT ID: 1309765

12

as the words healthy (combined in concordance lines in the phrase strong and healthy) and enough, which suggests

the prevalence of the phrase ‘BE VERB strong enough VERB INF’. This structure does not appear as often in the

form to be powerful enough to do…; instead the high degree of mutual attraction to rich suggests the use of phrase

rich and powerful – this would be in keeping with the way in which powerful is used to describe concrete nouns.


winds 4 7.233869

resist 3 6.655929

healthy 3 5.417572

feelings 3 5.149367

build 3 4.420722

enough 10 4.259264


defence 3 3.853712

growth 3 3.716543

sometimes 3 3.593595

needed 3 3.579244

sales 3 3.529853

position 3 3.434968

strong 3 3.336684

force 3 3.333979

collocates of strong sorted by MI score


tool 4 7.196973


rich 5 5.191002

cars 3 4.454711

nation 3 4.151843

most 29 4.101746

written 3 4.048087

defence 3 3.853712

states 4 3.169198

too 7 2.764771

become 3 2.576209

enough 3 2.522125

country 4 2.493374

yet 3 2.396265

once 3 2.389255

collocates of powerful sorted by MI scor


Both strong and powerful share some lexical patterns, although examined more closely the selected concordance

lines show slight variations in the ways in which these are utilised. The table below show the most prominent forms

of lexical patterning as found in the concordance lines; they have been divided into those that are common and

those that are exclusive.

Strong Powerful

ADV strong a strong N




BE VERB strong enough V-inf

N (as possessor)’s powerful N ADV powerful than


Let us consider some of the main characteristics and profile of these words by focusing on the ways in which

similar and different lexical patterns are used. Although patterns with preceding adverbs are common to both words,

the choice of adverbs in some of the concordance lines suggest that strong is preferred when conveying the idea

that a power or force is overwhelming or sustained:

15

Strong Powerful

ADV stronga strong N




BE VERB strong enough V-inf N (as possessor)’s powerful N ADV powerful than


Let us consider some of the main characteristics and profile of these words by focusing on

the ways in whichsimilar and different lexical patterns are used. Although patterns with

preceding adverbs are common to both words, the choice of adverbs in some of the

concordance lines suggest that strong is preferred when conveying the ideathat a power or

force is overwhelming or sustained:

Selected concordance lines showing adverb choices for strong (node L1)

In comparison, the adverbs that precede powerful often work in comparative terms (more

being the most frequently used adverb one place to the left of the node), but they extend

across a wider spectrum. This suggests that powerful is more likely to be used to express a

larger range of degrees of force or effectiveness, or even to indicate the absence of these

attributes. Some notable instances include:

Selected concordance lines showing adverb choices for powerful (node L1)

Using the corpus data to examine how strong and powerful function in the proximity of

adjectives gives some indication as to the ways in which they differ in usage. For patterns

STUDENT ID: 1309765

13

aware that such memories are still Inkatha is in an unusually

the opposing side off-guard is too and traditional ideas is very

We should resist the inevitably sometime, but competition was too

strong strong strong strong strong strong

throughout East and South East position. During the years when it . A notorious example occurred in , as may be seen in the discussion pressure to reinforce Hong Kong and and the cost of renting space was


In comparison, the adverbs that precede powerful often work in comparative terms (more being the most frequently

used adverb one place to the left of the node), but they extend across a wider spectrum. This suggests that powerful

is more likely to be used to express a larger range of degrees of force or effectiveness, or even to indicate the

absence of these attributes. Some notable instances include:

and Means Committee who, however to undercut her, to make her less

pitch were deemed to be ravishingly to mind is one who wrote a hugely

interview. This is a fairly figure did was set up an enormously

airlines and the increasingly

powerful, powerful powerful. powerful powerful powerful powerful

, is ready to listen so that she cannot arouse such Not only do we have evidence of book about institutional violence, tool consisting of several exchange of psychic energy between internet booking sites. British

Selected concordance lines showing choices of adverb (node L1)

Using the corpus data to examine how strong and powerful function in the proximity of adjectives gives some

indication as to the ways in which they differ in usage. For patterns involving descriptive lists, the concordance

lines do not indicate any structural preference between the forms ‘powerful and ADJ’ or ‘powerful, ADJ’ (e.g.

powerful archetypal forces, powerful searing runs) and the reverse formation - that is, with another adjective

following, as in powerful and flexible engines or powerful, able and talented. In the concordance lines there are 16

and 17 instances respectively.

In contrast, there seems to be a tendency towards strong being used in the form ‘strong and ADJ’ or ‘strong, ADJ’

(e.g. strong, healthy adult or strong and infectious) than in the reverse formation. There are 21 instances in these

two forms, compared to only seven in which strong is positioned at the end of the list. Examples of ‘ADJ and

strong’ or ‘ADJ, strong’ from the data set include big enough and strong enough and very tough and strong. While

the position of strong in a descriptive clause cannot, in itself, be said to justify its usage, it is interesting to be able

to gain some insight into the relationship between grammatical patterning and lexical choice.

One way in which the two terms function differently is in their use as part of comparative phrases in the form as

[node] as. There are only a small number of occurrences in the concordance lines for both words but it can be

observed that the similes constructed using as powerful as make reference to people or groups of people (whether

explicitly or by using pronouns), while as strong as appears to link more closely with concrete nouns (as strong as

IBM, as strong as battery acid) and relational words, as in the instances as strong as ever and as strong as possible.

It was not only cold but tasted as pulling out. But she'll be back as

between product brands is as which have been designed to be as

strong strong strong strong

as battery acid. Suddenly, his eye as ever." <hl> Flying the flag; as ever at IBM. Sean Hallahan as possible, making the unit

Selection of strong concordance lines using simile

STUDENT ID: 1309765

13








































16

involving descriptive lists, the concordance lines do not indicate any structural preference

between the forms ‘powerful and ADJ’ or ‘powerful, ADJ’ (e.g. powerful archetypal forces,

powerful searing runs) and the reverse formation - that is, with another adjective following,

as in powerful and flexible engines or powerful, able and talented. In the concordance lines

there are 16 and 17 instances respectively.

In contrast, there seems to be a tendency towards strong being used in the form ‘strong and

ADJ’ or ‘strong, ADJ’ (e.g. strong, healthy adult or strong and infectious) than in the

reverse formation. There are 21 instances in these two forms, compared to only seven in

which strong is positioned at the end of the list. Examples of ‘ADJ and strong’ or ‘ADJ,

strong’ from the data set include big enough and strong enough and very tough and strong.

While the position of strong in a descriptive clause cannot, in itself, be said to justify its

usage, it is interesting to be able to gain some insight into the relationship between

grammatical patterning and lexical choice.

One way in which the two terms function differently is in their use as part of comparative

phrases in the form as [node] as. There are only a small number of occurrences in the

concordance lines for both words but it can be observed that the similes constructed using

as powerful as make reference to people or groups of people (whether explicitly or by using

pronouns), while as strong as appears to link more closely with concrete nouns (as strong

as IBM, as strong as battery acid) and relational words, as in the instances as strong as ever

and as strong as possible.


Selection of powerful concordance lines using simile

STUDENT ID: 1309765

13







































Selection of strong concordance lines using simile STUDENT ID: 1309765

14

the fact that Mrs. Reagan was as So were the global speculators as

Failure to be as powerful powerful powerful

as she was. When I started the as people think? `Yes," said as the deviants may reinforce and

Selection of powerful concordance lines using simile

4.0 Conclusion

The comparative study of strong and powerful shows that while they are clear synonymous some ways, there are a

number of distinct differences - in particular in the effect they have on words in close proximity. The surrounding

nouns or classes of noun, the way in which other adjectives are used in conjunction, the use of either word as part

of a semantic preference in describing concrete or abstract concepts – all of these are subtle but nonetheless

important distinctions, and while the findings may only be relevant to the included data, they reveal and elucidate

information about the language which a lexicographical definition alone does not.

Having said that, there are some factors that may limit the significance of the findings of this study, The most

notable being the amount of text under examination. Although the analysis involved a number of corpora and a

wide range of source texts, the limited numbers of concordance lines sampled have the potential to inflate the

importance of some collocations and semantic preferences over others that may, in fact, be more representative of

lexical behaviour. For similar reasons, it would have been preferable to use lemmas with less lexical restrictions (in

terms of word forms) for a more thorough assessment and reflected how the words behave as part of a broader and

more comparable selection of grammatical structures.

In any case, the results of this study also highlight pedagogical issues: for language instructors seeking to

understand the underlying reasons for errors commonly made by students, a corpus study is of great value, but the

findings also raise the question of how best to instruct learners encountering near synonyms. It is hoped that a more

considered approach to teaching near-synonyms can be found: one that takes into account the co-occurrence of

words in order to raise awareness of context, register and genre.

As this is an exploratory rather than in-depth study, it is hoped that further investigation will yield even more useful

information on the lexical environments that strong and powerful typically occupy.

17

4.0 Conclusion

The comparative study of strong and powerful shows that while they are clear synonymous

some ways, there are a number of distinct differences - in particular in the effect they have

on words in close proximity. The surrounding nouns or classes of noun, the way in which

other adjectives are used in conjunction, the use of either word as part of a semantic

preference in describing concrete or abstract concepts – all of these are subtle but

nonetheless important distinctions, and while the findings may only be relevant to the

included data, they reveal and elucidate information about the language which a

lexicographical definition alone does not.

Having said that, there are some factors that may limit the significance of the findings of

this study, the most notable being the amount of text under examination. Although the

analysis involved a number of corpora and a wide range of source texts, the limited numbers

of concordance lines sampled have the potential to inflate the importance of some

collocations and semantic preferences over others that may, in fact, be more representative

of lexical behaviour. For similar reasons, it would have been preferable to use lemmas with

less lexical restrictions (in terms of word forms) for a more thorough assessment and

reflected how the words behave as part of a broader and more comparable selection of

grammatical structures.

In any case, the results of this study also highlight pedagogical issues: for language

instructors seeking to understand the underlying reasons for errors commonly made by

students, a corpus study is of great value, but the findings also raise the question of how

best to instruct learners encountering near synonyms. It is hoped that a more considered

approach to teaching near-synonyms can be found: one that takes into account the co-

occurrence of words in order to raise awareness of context, register and genre.

As this is an exploratory rather than in-depth study, it is hoped that further investigation will

yield even more useful information on the lexical environments that strong and powerful

typically occupy.

18

5.0 References

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(MA), University of Manchester.

Basarally, H. (2011). Corpus Linguistics [webpage]. Retrieved 11 July 2014, from

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Biber D., Conrad S., and Reppen, R. (1998). Corpus Linguistics: Investigating Language Structure and Use. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Bowker L., and Pearson, J. (2002). Working with Specialized Language: A Practical Guide to Using Corpora. New

York: Routledge.

Chung, S.F. (2011). A Corpus-based Analysis of "Create" and "Produce". Chang Gung Journal of Humanities and

Social Sciences, 4(2), 399-425.

Chung, W.H.F. (2010). An overview of near-synonyms in corpus linguistics and its implications for language teaching

and learning. (MA), The University of Hong Kong.

Cruse, D. (1986). Lexical Semantics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Devitt, M. (2006). Linguistic Intuitions

Revisited. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 61(4), 833-865.

Dobrić, N. (2009). Corpus Linguistics - The Basic Form of Linguistic Analysis. Philologia, 731-41.

Granger, S., and Paquot, M. (2008). Disentangling the phraseological web. In Granger, S., and Meunier, F. (Ed.),

Phraseology: An interdisciplinary perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Gries, S. (2008). Phraseology and linguistic theory: a brief survey. In Granger, S., and Meunier, F. (Ed.), Phraseology:

an interdisciplinary perspective. (pp. 3-25). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Haegeman, L. (1991). Introduction to Government and Binding Theory. Oxford: Blackwell.Hanks, P. (2012). The

Corpus Revolution in Lexicography. International Journal of Lexicography, 25(4), 398-436.

Hanks, P. (2008). Lexical Patterns: from Hornby to Hunston and beyond. In Bernal, E. and DeCesaris, J. (Ed.), Euralex

2008, 15-19 July 2008, Barcelona. Barcelona: Iula, Documenta Universitaria.

Hoey, C. (1991). Patterns of Lexis in Text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Hunston, S. (2002). Corpora in applied

linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Hunston, S., Laviosa, S., and Groom N. (2000). Corpus

Linguistics. Birmingham: The University of Birmingham.

Iu, S.W. (2007). The Advantages and Drawbacks of Using Corpus in Translation. In Radwańska-Williams, J. (Ed.), The

First International Conference on English, Discourse and Intercultural Communication, 8-14 July 2007, Macao and

Urumqi (pp. 174-193). Macao: Macao Polytechnic Institute.

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Kachru, Y. (2008). Language variation and corpus linguistics. World Englishes, 27(1), 1-8. Kramsch, C. (1997). The

Privilege of the Non-Native Speaker. PMLA, 112(3), 359-69.

Leech, G. (1991). The state of the art in corpus linguistics. In Aijmer, K., and Altenberg, B. (Ed.), English Corpus

Linguistics. London: Longman.

Mahlberg, M. (2005). English general nouns: A corpus theoretical approach. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing

Company.

McEnery, A.M., and Hardie, A. (2013). The History of Corpus Linguistics. In Allan, K. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of

the History of Linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

McEnery, A.M., and Wilson, A. (1996). Corpus Linguistics. (pp. 87). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

O'Donnell, M.B. (2008). KWICgrouper - Designing a tool for corpus-driven concordance analysis. International Journal

of English Studies, 8(1), 107-122.

Paikeday, T.M., and Chomsky, N. (1985). The native speaker is dead!: an informal discussion of a linguistic myth with

Noam Chomsky and other linguists, philosophers, psychologists, and lexicographers. Toronto: Paikeday.

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International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 9(1), 131-156.

Sampson, G. (2001). Empirical Linguistics. (pp. 2-3). London: Continuum.Scott, M., and Tribble, C. (2006). Textual

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Sinclair, J. (1996). The Search for Units of Meaning. TEXTUS, 9(1), 75-106.

Sinclair, J. (1991). Corpus, concordance, collocation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

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Wasow, T., and Arnold, J. (2005). Intuitions in linguistic argumentation. Lingua, 115(11), 1481-1496.

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20

Appendix

Appendix 1: Concordance Lines

STUDENT ID: 1309765

18

Appendix

Appendix 1: Concordance Lines

machine going. As feminists we have states. By contrast, Cleveland's

Of weight of firm-fluked anchor or parts of the continent. Patterns of once again. We know America needs

somehow, but it is hard to build up young stars and one of the five with

that must be founded on a directions. But when exposed to a

bit this year is they don't have the who are widely seen as having a

the Democrats aren't being as fund-raising ability to preclude a we make the culture and culture is

uproar in South Africa and brought a a lot of troops here, there's a

Commission. A Frenchman with administration has so far expressed that it's important, À," to be a girlfriend. The relationship met

building his squad -and it proved Mad Cow Disease -while pregnant. 

and Windolene glass cleaner - are Parliament." <hl> Nats plea over

Occasionally Leeds resorted to the my game. These courses demand a

is they were either blown over by cracking video will no doubt bring Ciaran Scally and Tierney. <subh>

pulling out. But she'll be back as we have to be big enough and

England star Owen. They made their off was a handbags job! <subh>

Wednesday, the moonlight will be so in Agriculture; she was tall,

seemed that he must have been a very what to avoid and grew into a

upholding the `public good". The their fault, the ènemy" was far too a kettle as with a blade of grass. Knees <f> Ankles and knees will be

the rightful king. Although many would be held positionally and a that other peoples have equally

close in case she needed to make a led to the organization of a

compress perspective, which can give through. Opaque acrylic paints give

roots in time, are so much less or was handicapped or was only

be maintained, the country needed a making the obvious and not at all

chapter 2. His dualistic system gave enough room for us both to pass. The green for my taste. There is a

he had a very cancer, such as women with a

Brian Smith. Neilson-Tivoli have a polarising filter to saturate the can occur with both light and quite by the way he's riding whether he's

screws Six magnetic catches, with her own self-image: that of a

draught from the shredder blades was Patience, who overcame some

women are sometimes. Very tough and Art Double Bill </h> Sotheby's 35ti Quartz Date light-weight and

both simple and exotic food with a Bank. That was why they agreed to a

Mates Super consider a `white-wash". Only a

between product brands is as s police minister, Moshe Shahal, a

rape, but social taboos are so to the rocks but the tide was too

in the 1980s. Staff developed a is a courageous young girl with a

as party discipline remained will most probably be in Britain's

strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong

commitments to the end of this stand for gold proved popular in chain. Hither Aeneas, of his , ceremonial kingship -- sometimes gun laws, and we have the will to feelings about him. He does not infrared emission, the dust mass is , critical and comparable process of magnetic field, the nuclei start to running game. Obviously, when you' influence over the kidnappers have in their support, then what's left challenge from Harris Wofford. As and it continues and it's valid and protest from the ANC. Robert military presence, there are a lot ties to Francois Mitterrand's reservations about the proposed advocate of principle and `B," to disapproval from Primrose's parents enough to hold off Lisburn A month after Jonathan was born enough to ride out an economic pound </hl> <dt> 04 April 1998 -man act and four bookings littered level of course management, hitting winds or slipped into the sea while and the man who can do no wrong </subh> Ireland manager Donal as ever." <hl> Flying the flag; enough to get on with the job." protest to the FA yesterday. Both </subh> It's very frustrating for that car headlights can be done and to the point. She rolled up her man to survive the mess that was , healthy adult. No doctor had been market As will have become for them. They will need a `defence , earthy, dauntless, affectionate - if a) your feet are broad and well- and worthy knights make the reserve created. The defence would feelings about moral or religious gallop back to safety. With his nationalist movement after WWI. The graphic effects under the right , vivid colours, which, when used than they were a mere hundred or enough to live a few hours. But the man with an obedient party or a point that a walk westward from St emphasis to the independent role of undertow seemed to draw us on to feeling of industrious prosperity aura. Very strong. Only people who family history of breast cancer or -men Wayne Randle and John Tanner, colours. <h> DEVON/SHROPSHIRE </h> winds, and is caused as air is or not, so I had a feeling I'd be enough to hold 50kg At least , passionate woman taking on a enough to blow as many of the competition-including the prolific which I like # The man who Tribal sales in New York (9th . The lens - a 35mm f/2.8 Nikkor Californian influence. Expect to police force" in the first place, or Durex Extra Strong. GMFA claimed and resolute response from the as ever at IBM. Sean Hallahan supporter of the measure, is that it is impossible to know how . I was frightened because we were sense of working together, said instinct for survival. She has `too , that they would camp out there, financial and economic interest to

21

STUDENT ID: 1309765

19

citizenship, one vote. There was a oblivion. It's hardly still going

into line, he would see it as a that his back and his health are

are off the menu. It takes a She says she is looking for

s RTZ. Bougainville is in a doing; if the peace-enforcers are Can the next six months be as s economy is recovering, several

German parliament, where support was practising sexual purity, building a

of Islamic law, remains present Japanese army, just 150,000

of years, however, sterling has been conference. In surprisingly

eyes of President Hussein as the required to make the change despite

at least for the time being. The looks bleak for them. They need

put the communists in the lead but a aware that such memories are still

Inkatha is in an unusually disputed. And while there's been a Todd reports. Mrs Thatcher took a

original question -- <X04> That is a meeting by other U.S. diplomats, how some time, but competition was too and management. There has to be a

fiscal year, furthering a pattern of Affairs has helped build a

of Wallace at Queen's to promote "a the opposing side off-guard is too

and traditional ideas is very We should resist the inevitably

awe of the man. If he's taking a would readily fond and organize of middle-aged men singing Four

and one with which the US enjoys a now trained by Jeff Fenech, used his the little buildings really give the

 Easts and Wynnum are also the entry into the Senate of some

Reforming the chaebol `requires A mother of six, the producer has a

highs on Monday on the back of start this December. But universally

in a good way. We have a very a tasty snack for people with extra his great hits as well as revealing

of that era, the melodies are so Keppel Island award. Healy gave a

delivers both organisations a involving a wealthy family with a

term offer had also contributed to drizzle at the pounding surf, the against Carlton in round 11 with

which have been designed to be as social justice, the belief in

All that was needed was a grave by my side, and then I felt a

especially of the Catholic church is knew this was no time to come on

when it met in Cadiz in 1810, had a 10; I Thess. 2:16), as well as some It was not only cold but tasted as Instead, the president made such a certain tones of voice could evoke the insights brought about by the

object understanding points to the public schools do not provide as

insurance industry. There have been And never look in vain; I feel Thy

of the newspaper group, despite Breeden's friends vouch for him as a Securities Mortgage securities were <hl> National City Is Realizing but above the 10% level considered

Palo Alto </h> But voters have three Bell Lawrie White sees further

domain." M Santer implied a The UK defence industry has a

is her third collection, and it is a a poker game. Clinton had played a a reconfirmation that the market is solid temperament. I tried to stay

for the single currency. A could take no more advantage than a

of civil and defence products, a

strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong

moral element in this," De Klerk at 6 o'clock. Perhaps mothers message. Corriere della Sera, Italy again after a winter of pain and will to push open the hotel door people skills and the ability to be position to demand concessions in and committed they may be able to ? Firms may still resist hiring more years of new car sales look likely; for a return to the form of the marriage and forming `vital . The Pakistan army, working through , could become an aggressive threat . It has varied little against the language, they said that the man of the Arab world, the only backing from President Bush. ally in the East is actually still compensatory arrangements, and they third force has emerged, the throughout East and South East position. During the years when it or oppressive central government to line on the Iraqi invasion from the statement about working this the President cares about those and the cost of renting space was political commitment and a top-down results for the past few years. For international program, and a solid and stimulating Arts Faculty," the . A notorious example occurred in , as may be seen in the discussion pressure to reinforce Hong Kong and stand about something," Estabrook militia forces to make up for the Winds, stolidly. Horsman peers trade surplus. Australia has body punching to have Argyla identity of a little coastal advocates of the concept but they candidates, including Farley and political determination," Alex Kim, interest in creating drug-free, non- investor support also gave up some buying at the weekend had set the bill," Lees says. `This year the teeth. These chewy creations are new material. That album reunited and incredibly infectious," she pointer that Leppitsch, who was the competitive position." Expected tradition of philanthropy and a sales of The Promontory. `Buyers wind tearing away our conversation. contested marks across half-forward as possible, making the unit communities and responsible and well-liked king for the Ranas hand grasp my head and another my , there has always been vigorous . `Hey, Andy," he joshed, `what are ecclesiastical contingent, 97 of expressions of the inadequacy and as battery acid. Suddenly, his eye statement on December 8 about its ` guilt feelings in Ms. Stein. These pressures in the problem, but also possibility that other ` an education as a private school. pressures from a few insurers to and tender love, And all is well results for the Los Angeles Times, free marketeer. As deputy counsel for the second straight session Profit Because of a Wide Interest- in the industry. RJR's asset sales choices for the two available City growth over the next two years. distaste for the Europhobes in the foothold in the USA, and there are one. She has a cool, classical hand for many months, based on the . Even on the night that Damien in my mind and tell myself that it supporter of the Chancellor's header wide by John Hartson from order book and an exciting

22

STUDENT ID: 1309765

20

driving force of Manchester United. few years, because nothing was ever

the island was once again cut off by calm. Although he sometimes used

s latest Harry Potter adventure as a there were nagging doubts as to how

the elections it has been relatively to build a bar brand that is places last year. Other

comments came as Vodafone revealed Having made sure that he is fit,

character of this side has remained began at his campaign HQ. There were

up his fitness levels, Yorke is a but the minister wants to give a

West to say that it still had changes of mood and scale, mystery,

bin Laden and al-Qaeda. There is which enables all pupils to build a Overture, pure and simple, with a

will grow to maturity, healthy and the early mauve flowers to promote come under the scrutiny of a 250- to play in the SPL." Belief is so

baton, the musical performance has a Opened in 1989. Traditionally

<hl> New Internet firms set for I think <ZF0> I think that'll be

out <F01> a very s new himself and came with a very

strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong

and blessed with a great engine, he' enough to resist the force of winds and heavy seas. `We are used , vivid colour fields, his images, contender, the boy wizard of the that Chinese wall would look if Pru , either in a boom, a recovery or in enough to be rolled out in cities performances came from Kingston -up growth in sales and underlying and healthy, he now has three . Whatever has been thrown at this words between Maude and Soames, who contender to start against Fulham. signal that we are moving beyond exports: Àfter all, who can forget effects as well as domestic places evidence of motive on the part of sense of their own identity and a case of personal projection as the and free from the ravages of the growth. These anchoring plants don' `cyberforce" of attorneys. Justin within Ibrox that proud footballers company feel to it, one of the in the performing arts; author in debut; 365 Corporation </hl> <bl> enough 'cos <M0X> How do you man very strong-willed <M01> Mm. statement about how he was all for

Concordance lines for strong

!

is a relationship that is unique, from the ordinary to the most

to be prohibitive -- required more a badge of pride for members of

His stepfather was a member of the private class of landlords, or by a

tactics. But the techniques are like a who's who of influential and Active Hyper Bass Sound System for

processors - among the most technology was a white-hot subject.

prized secret was a compact and could be used to build super-

s lab is already developing more truth. Where censorship may now be decisions and the money to hire a the fact that Mrs. Reagan was as

food, water or electricity. A his guitar playing but not his

and Means Committee who, however be there for the--the rich and the belonging to Omar Jess, the most Chadwick. One of Somalia's most

Gates co-founded in 1975, is too of the Tetley's Bitter Cup after a

Crown Court heard there was à to rip through their defence with

three wins in Group 3 company, this a new survey. Men under 45 driving of Saving Private Ryan has been so 15-man team effort in defence, a gave Swindon a shock lead with a

and Ronan perform against the to a Nelson Vivas corner. The boss Kevin Keegan, scored two

began to appear. They were of being absorbed by one of these to undercut her, to make her less concentration and imagination are

Shetland fiddle music holds ideas are restated in a more

a delicate aroma of honey with a pitch were deemed to be ravishingly

They brought over from America a whatever. Our day-dreaming is a

too readily assumed that rich and interview. This is a fairly

of the God of Love, will be a of the Hundred Years' War.

6 or 9 volts, whilst larger, more

powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful

, and at times, seen from the : from the mobs of white city and flexible engines than yet organized labor movements and East India Company, as was one of governmental apparatus functioning enough to overwhelm even strong Americans. They know Harry Truman bass with smooth response and low parallel-processing microchips on radio telescopes were receiving source of microwaves known as a computers based entirely on light. versions of the drug. <pg> 23 is in the non-publication of spokesman shifts from New York or as she was. When I started the storm in the Atlantic has brought wailing vocal style. One blues , is ready to listen , and there are nine--over 936,000 warlord in Kismaayo. The victims war lords, Gen. Mohammed Farah and has a monopoly in its market. second-half display. But Saint- and compelling chain of evidence" searing runs. Crawford has galloper is now ready for this cars are the worst offenders, and that U.S. veterans who viewed it performance in the pack and the , right-foot shot after seven Lohan brothers Frank and Brian. If Frenchman towered above Bradford's first-half headers to sink at the back where Gary Coleman, competitors unless Mr Ackroyd's so that she cannot arouse such enough, everything will take care excitements. Listeners gather and rhetorically intense manner. dry flavour. <f> 1 c FESA? . Not only do we have evidence of group of Indianapolis cars and magical tool which, if used European nations were inevitably tool consisting of several upholder of Love's `lay" just as , able and talented families such motors, such as starter motors or

STUDENT ID: 1309765

20

driving force of Manchester United. few years, because nothing was ever

the island was once again cut off by calm. Although he sometimes used

s latest Harry Potter adventure as a there were nagging doubts as to how

the elections it has been relatively to build a bar brand that is places last year. Other

comments came as Vodafone revealed Having made sure that he is fit,

character of this side has remained began at his campaign HQ. There were

up his fitness levels, Yorke is a but the minister wants to give a

West to say that it still had changes of mood and scale, mystery,

bin Laden and al-Qaeda. There is which enables all pupils to build a Overture, pure and simple, with a

will grow to maturity, healthy and the early mauve flowers to promote come under the scrutiny of a 250- to play in the SPL." Belief is so

baton, the musical performance has a Opened in 1989. Traditionally

<hl> New Internet firms set for I think <ZF0> I think that'll be

out <F01> a very s new himself and came with a very

strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong strong

and blessed with a great engine, he' enough to resist the force of winds and heavy seas. `We are used , vivid colour fields, his images, contender, the boy wizard of the that Chinese wall would look if Pru , either in a boom, a recovery or in enough to be rolled out in cities performances came from Kingston -up growth in sales and underlying and healthy, he now has three . Whatever has been thrown at this words between Maude and Soames, who contender to start against Fulham. signal that we are moving beyond exports: Àfter all, who can forget effects as well as domestic places evidence of motive on the part of sense of their own identity and a case of personal projection as the and free from the ravages of the growth. These anchoring plants don' `cyberforce" of attorneys. Justin within Ibrox that proud footballers company feel to it, one of the in the performing arts; author in debut; 365 Corporation </hl> <bl> enough 'cos <M0X> How do you man very strong-willed <M01> Mm. statement about how he was all for

Concordance lines for strong

!

is a relationship that is unique, from the ordinary to the most

to be prohibitive -- required more a badge of pride for members of

His stepfather was a member of the private class of landlords, or by a

tactics. But the techniques are like a who's who of influential and Active Hyper Bass Sound System for

processors - among the most technology was a white-hot subject.

prized secret was a compact and could be used to build super-

s lab is already developing more truth. Where censorship may now be decisions and the money to hire a the fact that Mrs. Reagan was as

food, water or electricity. A his guitar playing but not his

and Means Committee who, however be there for the--the rich and the belonging to Omar Jess, the most Chadwick. One of Somalia's most

Gates co-founded in 1975, is too of the Tetley's Bitter Cup after a

Crown Court heard there was à to rip through their defence with

three wins in Group 3 company, this a new survey. Men under 45 driving of Saving Private Ryan has been so 15-man team effort in defence, a gave Swindon a shock lead with a

and Ronan perform against the to a Nelson Vivas corner. The boss Kevin Keegan, scored two

began to appear. They were of being absorbed by one of these to undercut her, to make her less concentration and imagination are

Shetland fiddle music holds ideas are restated in a more

a delicate aroma of honey with a pitch were deemed to be ravishingly

They brought over from America a whatever. Our day-dreaming is a

too readily assumed that rich and interview. This is a fairly

of the God of Love, will be a of the Hundred Years' War.

6 or 9 volts, whilst larger, more

powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful

, and at times, seen from the : from the mobs of white city and flexible engines than yet organized labor movements and East India Company, as was one of governmental apparatus functioning enough to overwhelm even strong Americans. They know Harry Truman bass with smooth response and low parallel-processing microchips on radio telescopes were receiving source of microwaves known as a computers based entirely on light. versions of the drug. <pg> 23 is in the non-publication of spokesman shifts from New York or as she was. When I started the storm in the Atlantic has brought wailing vocal style. One blues , is ready to listen , and there are nine--over 936,000 warlord in Kismaayo. The victims war lords, Gen. Mohammed Farah and has a monopoly in its market. second-half display. But Saint- and compelling chain of evidence" searing runs. Crawford has galloper is now ready for this cars are the worst offenders, and that U.S. veterans who viewed it performance in the pack and the , right-foot shot after seven Lohan brothers Frank and Brian. If Frenchman towered above Bradford's first-half headers to sink at the back where Gary Coleman, competitors unless Mr Ackroyd's so that she cannot arouse such enough, everything will take care excitements. Listeners gather and rhetorically intense manner. dry flavour. <f> 1 c FESA? . Not only do we have evidence of group of Indianapolis cars and magical tool which, if used European nations were inevitably tool consisting of several upholder of Love's `lay" just as , able and talented families such motors, such as starter motors or

23

STUDENT ID: 1309765

21

a folded oil be purchased, any whom he represented and of the as anyone who has encountered

The republic,s KGB was much too the words of Jesus are again very Iraq, King Faisal II and the most my room opening to admit the tall,

figure did was set up an enormously appeared bleak. But hope can be a polyptych in Ghent, testify to a compared to Joni Mitchell's, is

Look at the power rating. The more one dance movement so much more

helping South Africa become another and produced a hard-hitting and

he presented himself as `the most combination Fiona Bigwood and the

for White? Why is it that rich, an insurance magnate, she became a associated with this market, its

 We found the quiet and become king. This production is

pleasure or supercharged into a robust enough to cope with a

sit just a few yards from the most latest legal high contains the most when I arrived". You can sense the ANC President's warning, the most

 Bob Walder gets to grips with a apart - Our call last week for

So were the global speculators as first black President of the most from Reading thereafter. mcateer's is certainly not the recipe for a

heard of him. Dorfman, however, has and his sorrow and had written a

from drinking too much water, the to mind is one who wrote a hugely Among the big players few are more called `mahogany" or `mg", plays a

taking an early lead when Florimo's even more, for it becomes such a

Education, London University. This it for 30 seconds) it could enable may be, the entrepreneurs do have

have huge hubs and own the most invitation from Chea Sim, the most running for a seat on the state's But such images become even more

change is under way among Japan's of the United States pretty

become somewhat more stable with There is little hope of creating But Miss Bausch's staging was so

was more than three times more Any Cherokee chief has a

bearings suffice. The results are described as one of the most

golf carts and the world's two most depend on its main customer and

the Soviet Union's largest and most Party may still be the most

accurate aids to navigation. The an official reaction. Bangladesh's if it makes China prosperous and

As one of the largest and most think that is incredibly unique and

perform remarkably against very photography. This is a

Ottawa to do battle with the most binary inversion operates as a Stravinsky -- one of the most

assumption: government was most rich and poor, good and bad # DAE} as organs of defence, controlled by

 DOUG KIMBLER working on his But Big Bill Ludwig,the most

Coles EGM BY LISA JAMIESON THE Dutch Grand Prix at Assen. As his

defenders to make it 2-1 with a warned yesterday. `The IMF is too rising star Alicia Molik was too

Burleigh. Cronulla unleashed a Territory on Saturday and will meet who are all equal in law. The once- ruck long enough to allow England's

scanning interface is simple yet the ACO. Ìt's a wild, spectacular, showing off a designer suit than a

powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful

components would obviously be Catholic press networks which archetypal forces will know, the , and Niyazov far too authoritarian : Ìt is more blessed to give than politician in the country, Nuries- , reserved figure which announced exchange of psychic energy between weapon, especially in the hands of need of rich burghers to expiate # Pretty on the Inside # writes 2.4 or 3 KW heaters may be than another? Akasa Tour Date: 24. African footballing nation. item about a family of have-nots Black man in Europe". The Picasso continue to grow in old men marry Oriental girls with patron of the anti-Castro crusade. interactive accompaniment section, induction motor coped well with , with some remarkably strong , healing mind-body therapy. Jane Camembert. Open 1hr before serving office in the world. And while he mind-altering substance occurring critic's bafflement, but it is not yet delivered by an organisation drawing tool that can help you writing to reinvigorate public as people think? `Yes," said country in Africa spent much of running, moreover, proved the reforming government. Fuzzy friends. Harold Pinter is one. Pen- , elegaic response for the anti-drugs message that resulted book about institutional violence, than Ladbroke's Hilton, and all role in ordinary weight hand-off sent Sculthorpe flying, term that the bloodiest, most chemistry contributed to the new varieties of chemical bonding friends in Bangkok: the finance crss in the business. A man in the Vietnam-backed Railroad Commission. Ms Guerrero in combination with others of bureaucrats. They once delighted stuff. Some pooh-pooh its presidential rule everywhere electricity and gas brands - that those who hated it preferred than the effect of increasing lever over tribal members who live motors that can run fast and be as in the world, had been acquired, men did throw a few horse shoes neighbour, the United States. <h> republic, the Russian Federation, political force in the Soviet computers are needed to sort the neighbour, India, has also - and it has made it abundantly African states, Nigeria led the for the whole country in terms of competition. These programs value propositionall the benefits bureaucrat in the government challenge to the established power and influential musical minds of and efficacious when it secured and powerless. They were all muscles of the skin. The quills swing. AAPSPORT In trade unionist in Australia, is Australian Investment Managers bike crashed on him, his right leg diving header for his first league , too secretive and has mishandled for world No 16 Natasha Zvereva finishing burst to claim the NSW today to decide the section did not like the change. I know, forwards to arrive, before quickly and the editing software that work with a very interesting and ruthless business tycoon,

24

STUDENT ID: 1309765

22

overlooked. Fragrances conjure up economical to run. The quiet yet

very process will still give them a differences. They're also

he's dealing with is a lot more face the world as they would an all-

These departments are supported by precisely because it contained

some holding the powdered dung of knew that Wilhelm 11, that most

He arranged to meet with his urban customers.78 Meanwhile, a

and soon to be captured by the is that Reynolds lost out because epistemology that was all the more a real man? I must have written a or smiling--both of which are very readers' responses and are thus a in politics, religion has become a deviants. Failure to deal with the with a shot at becoming rich and

of being there. The transient and the market for supercomputers - the

standard equipment, such as more beef or pork. It has a strong and Geoff Lepper bto show just how century, no country has grown so

year, smashing in the process the who had lobbied hard against a

self-interest, restrained only by a tracked Wall Street). There, the

life to a woman and satisfy a was thrilled: Èdgy suspense and

American dream. Even a wealthy or two years in school. But the most points in her career when she was

superiority with his second goal, a but they have come to exercise a

of emphasis began with last year's reminders of the Weald's once all- a junior celebrity, the ninth-most-

written expert guides and airlines and the increasingly

of London. Britain, as the most The United States also spawned herbs have the potential to be as one of the great solo tries. His

German ancestry, caught the eye of It is up to us to present a more

2p. <hl> Aggreko likely to be in a successful attack against the most

He is almost certainly the most cream of British improvisers for a a team from the FBI and Pakistan's

a mental patient. But the most out of Kosovo. Mr Milosevic's most ups outsell cars: the bigger, more

guilty, but the ROA is growing more celebration. It'll be a really

er was aware of the fact that that that <tc text=pause> you're a very

powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful powerful

memories and emotions. Still we turbo fan distributes heat aura of legitimacy. But - and this precisely because so many people than he is. If you use a slip to jury. The abjectly poor, too, constituencies, so they survived. messages of life and hope that animals. The priestess laid her emperor, was following enemy Georg Lukács, who protested repeal campaign was under way, possibilities of the computer, constituent groups did not like for remaining implicit. In spell. We landed. You `hooks" for the adult's continued tool for writers. (At the same revolutionary ideology used by the as deviants may reinforce and . The enterprise is supported experience of being in the same computers used to solve complex engines, as if that equipment had taste," he notes, adding, Ì know a bonding effect the Central Coast , so fast, and so unexpectedly. Yet myth that building societies could coalition of Cabinet opinion in state. It has been a very damaging flood of new money into the stock need within her. The need to love, kinetic energy are generated by man might be described as experience I've had in the theatre enough to demand that any female shot from outside the penalty grip on what might be described as planetary accent on the mentally iron-making industry. At Abinger woman in the world, according to search facilities. Excellent for internet booking sites. British maritime nation, had an economy industrial dynasties a century as prescription medicines. This is inward thrust carried him past casting director Francine alternative." Lynch spent time position;Tempus </hl> <bl> Robert military nation in the world -the man in the military, responsible performance at Ronnie Scott's club secret service, the Inter Services role, of course, is Dracula domestic asset is that, for a and more luxurious they are, the and I intend to put forward a code mix of the tried and tested and group stood in the way of his person and what you say goes?

Concordance lines for powerful

25

Appendix 2: MI Scores

STUDENT ID: 1309765

23

Appendix 2: MI Scores

has against most NODE computers in has

this with more NODE enough of the

be be too NODE man that in

are was very NODE than is

but by a NODE as to to

and as so NODE and s s

is the his NODE for i that

to is s NODE that for </hl>

a s are NODE woman because for

s that and NODE the it now

that a as NODE it has was

for to the NODE too about no

last for that NODE a today and

because it this NODE in was when

it has for NODE friends another we

Picture of powerful sorted by MI score

there build too NODE winds about the

as has very NODE statement from and

to is a NODE enough has a

it as some NODE growth for in

is was so NODE man they to

S be as NODE as to <hl>

that with are NODE and of s

 are is NODE that on that

and have with NODE for that <dt>

I to s NODE in it Liked

T s the NODE i in Has

months that to NODE it and no

but it for NODE a woman we

has but quite NODE one </hl> many

about in have NODE third i said

Picture of strong sorted by MI score

26

Appendix 3: Collocation by Frequency

STUDENT ID: 1309765

24

Appendix 3: Collocation by Frequency

to is a NODE and to the

the to the NODE enough of and

and was as NODE as for a

it as very NODE that the to

there with is NODE in about in

s has s NODE man in that

that be too NODE winds and has

in have and NODE for from as

as a so NODE the that is

is of of NODE statement it be

 are are NODE growth has of

i and with NODE or a an

t build some NODE hand on they

a but for NODE stand they from

or in have NODE political as he

Picture of strong sorted by frequency

the the a NODE and of the

and with most NODE as in to

to a the NODE than the in

a was more NODE for to a

be and and NODE enough that has

of is s NODE man and is

this be his NODE computers s

but of too NODE that i for

has s very NODE in for was

is that as NODE friends it and

are as so NODE is about of

s by of NODE so is on

for against are NODE experience on are

last for this NODE role are will

it has for NODE performance with what

Picture of powerful sorted by frequency

Documents

A Corpus Study of Strong and Powerful - · PDF fileA Corpus Study of Strong and Powerful ... At certain stages of learning, ... relied on their intuitive personal assessment of what