A corpus perspective on the football playing culture in Brazil and the U.K

A corpus perspective on the football playing culture in Brazil and the U.K

Sabrina MatudaCorpora and Society: opportunities and challenges for using corpora in interdisciplinary research7th–9th October, 2013

Objectives|Why football?|Theoretical Background|The Study Corpus|Annotation|Corpus Analysis|Case Studies|Concluding Remarks

to analyze how different football styles, the history of football in Brazil and in England, the cultural appropriation of the laws of the game practiced by each culture and other historical social factors influenced the creation of

the football lexicon both in English and in Portuguese.

England x Scotland, Glasgow, 1872 Arthur Friedenreich

Objective

1) Football is the most popular sport in the world

Brazil is widely known as the “country of football”

In Brazil, it is played everywhere and by everyone: (Damo, 2005)

as a sport in the schools and in football schools

on the streets: in competitions organized by FIFA and by CBF (Brazilian football confederation):

in amateur football leagues


Why football?

2) Major sports events in Brazil

Number of foreign tourists:

in 2012: 5,8 million*in 2014: 10 million* * Source: EMBRATUR (Brazilian Tourism Institute)


Why football?Why football?

3) the growth of academic interest in football

a large number of books, research/ theses and articles on football have been published in the last years.

the growth of study groups

http://www.ludopedio.com.br/rc/index.php/quemsomos/secao/contato/usp


Why football?

4) Need of updated and comprehensive bilingual reference works


Why football?

authentic texts


Theoretical backgroundCL | Textual Terminology | Technical Translation | Form-representation

specialized texts are the central object of study of Terminology;

technical terms cannot really live an independent life in isolation from their context of occurrence.



specialized language is seen as an integral part of a culture, representing one of its powerful manifestations in so far as it is not an isolated phenomenon suspended in a vacuum (Snell-Hornby 1988)

technical translation is viewed as a communicative act subject to cultural restraints



different styles:-“English school”-“German school”-“Italian school”

REPRESENTATATIONS

forms of playing


Theoretical backgroundCL | Textual Terminology | Technical Translation | Form-representation (Toledo 2002)

Total newspaper reports on

match results

laws ofthe game

live minute-by-minute

commentaries

live commentaries by sports journalists and by football fans via social

mediatokens numbe

rof

texts

tokens numberof

texts

tokens numberof

texts

tokens numberof

texts

tokens numberof

textsEnglish 1.002.897 1.103 584.931 947 22.583 1 322.89

5138 72.488 17

Portuguese

917.073 1.641 544.002 1.335 24.593 1 311.147

284 37.331 21

high and low-context culture Edward Hall (1976)


The study Corpusdescription | header

<header><title>

<fileName> JO-IF-SUN_004 </fileName><corpus> futebol </corpus><nPages> </nPages><nWords> </nWords><sample> Íntegra </sample>

</title><sourceText>

<titleOfText> Barcelona go through on away goals rule </titleOfText><language> IB </language><source> The Sun </source><pubPlace> http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/sport/football/article2415560.ece </pubPlace><date> 06.05.09 </date><status> Original </status>

</sourceText><author>

<textAuthor><name> Shaun Custis </name><gender> masculino </gender><type> individual </type><country> Inglaterra </country><city> Londres </city>

</textAuthor></author>

<textClassification><textGenre>

<genre> Informativo </genre></textGenre><textType> Editorial </textType><domain>

<generalDomain> Generalidades </generalDomain><specificDomain> Esporte </specificDomain>

</domain><distribution> Internet </distribution>

</textClassification></header>


The study Corpusdescription | header

live minute-by-minute commentaries

<body><omit desc="head">Portuguesa 0 x 1 Ipatinga </omit> <minute> 22m05s: </minute> Fim de jogo<minute> 18m32s: </minute> Partida terá três minutos de acréscimo<minute> 13m27s: </minute> Sai Alessandro Lopes, para a entrada de Max<minute> 9m34s s: </minute> GOOOL DO IPATINGA! Léo Oliveira sobe livre e cabeceia para o fundo da rede<minute> 08m01s: </minute> Na cobrança, Bruno Rodrigo desvia de cabeça para a linha de fundo<minute> 00m02s: </minute> Começa a partida<minute> 0m0s s: </minute> Problemas na iluminação das torres atrasam o início do jogo na Arena Barueri</body>


AnnotationMark-ups | POST



example of tagged text



WordSmith 5.0(Scott 2012)

Wordlists

Keywords

Keywords in context (KWIC)

Collocates

Clusters

tags


Corpus Analysis

Preliminary findings ...

SCORE ([{a | the} goal])

FIRE {home | in (a goal) | (the ball) past [goalkeeper]| into the net}

HAMMER {in | home}

NOD {home (into an empty goal) | in | into the net}

SLOT {home ([a goal]) | (the ball) into {an | the} empty net | past [goalkeeper | in]}

{hammer|pound} a header into the net

HEAD (the ball) {home|past (goalkeeper)|into the (roof of the) net}

SLAM {(the ball) past [goalkeeper] | in | into the roof of the net}

NET [a goal] KNOCK {the ball {into the net|in|home}} / NUMBER goals

EQUALISE ADD {a|the} ORDINAL (goal)

SLAM (the ball) {in | past [goalkeeper] | home} / SLAM {in | home} [a kick]

NOTCH {his ORDINAL|CARDINAL} (goal) TAP {in|home} FINISH (off)

SWEEP {home | the ball into the net} SNATCH [a goal]

THUNDER a goal home

SLIDE {home his ORDINAL (goal) | the ball home}

STAB the ball {home | past [goalkeeper]}

BURY the ball past [goalkeeper]

THUMP {home | past [goalkeeper]}

NESTLE {in | into} the (back of the) net TUCK home ([a goal])

DELIVER a goal

CLIP the ball into the net

POKE {the ball home | home past [goalkeeper]}

BLAST in ([a goal])

STEER the ball past [goalkeeper]

the ball CORKSCREW towards the (empty) net

STROKE a shot past [goalkeeper] FIZZ the ball past [goalkeeper]

SMASH home

DRILL home

FAZER {o | um} gol MARCAR {o|um} gol MARCAR o tento FINALIZAR EMPATAR

TO SCORE (A GOAL)


Case studies

"I understand what this league is all about," said Ramires. "I've watched it on the television and I know that physical strength is the main part of the English

game. But I'm hard, too. I'm tough. I hope I can build up my strength to be on the same level as everyone else, but it's already hard to put me down. I've

been away from Brazil for over a year now, playing in Europe. I know the football in Portugal isn't as physical as it is over here, sure, but it's still tough.

Ramires (Chelsea's midfielder)


Case studies

VIOLENCE

•FIRE {home | in (a goal) | (the ball) past [goalkeeper]| into the net}•HAMMER {in | home} •SLAM {(the ball) past [goalkeeper] | in | into the roof of the net}•BLAST IN (a goal)•LASH home {(a goal) | into an empty net} •SMASH home •STAB the ball {home | past [goalkeeper]} •POKE {the ball home | home past [goalkeeper]}•KNOCK {the ball {into the net | in | home}} / NUMBER goals •THUMP {home | past [goalkeeper]} •CLIP the ball into the net •SNATCH [a goal]

EXPLOSION

•BLAST in•THUNDER a goal home

“EFFORTLESS ACTION”

•SLIDE {home his ORDINAL (goal) | the ball home} ▪ STROKE a shoot past [goalkeeper]•TUCK home (a goal)•SWEEP {home | the ball into the net} •DINK in [a goal]

SPEED

•TAP {in|home}•FIZZ the ball past [goalkeeper]


Case studies


Case studies

Brazilian football

-[good] dribblers-creative

-spontaneous-improvisational

-free-flowing -possession

-samba [beat]-control [of the ball]

-[highly] skilled-[flowing] passing [game]

-beautiful-flair

-invention

English football

-physical [prowess/strength]-fast

-athleticism-rough

-[long] shoots-quick

-[direct] passes-[no] risk

-courageous-hard

-[break-neck] speed

chocolate

cricketscore

commentator: Washington Rodrigues

song: “El bodeguero” by Cuban Richard Egües

chorus: “Toma chocolate / Paga lo que debes”

Some cultural-specific terms do not have a direct standardized equivalent in a different language.

team A: 254–6

team B: 185

Team A won by69 “runs"


Case studies

search in the corpus: v * falta

- cometer * falta- fazer * falta- ganhar * falta- receber * falta- sofrer * falta

search in the corpus: falta * adj

- falta dura- falta perigosa- falta violenta- falta boba- falta forte- falta grosseira- falta infantil- falta venenosa- falta casual- falta certeira

Falta (foul) (6.901)


Case studies

- bad foul- clear foul- clumsy foul- cynical foul- controversial foul- dangerous foul- debatable foul- disgraceful foul- Innocuous foul- nasty foul- needless foul- ludicrous foul- mild foul-niggly foul

foulcommit a [adj] fouldraw a [adj] foul

- careless tackle- clumsy tackle- crunching tackle- dangerous tackle- dismal tackle- last-ditch tackle- dreadful tackle- hefty tackle- hideous tackle- hard tackle- late tackle*- ludicrous tackle- nasty-looking tackle

*excellent / fine / good / great / proper / saving / sliding / superb / smart / [perfectly|well] timed / timely / wonderful

foul verb (546)foul noun (80)tackle noun (223)tackle verb (49)challenge noun (60)challenge verb (16)

“Chelsea midfielder Ramires tackled Wayne Rooney on the edge of the Blues box before powering forward and passing to Oscar, who laid the ball off for Mata to send a shot in off Jones and the post.” (Football.uk)

“As Porto pressed for an equaliser in the closing stages of the match, their midfielder Fernando was sent off for a dismal tackle on Ashley Cole that earned him a second booking. (The Independent)”

“Tom Williams produces a cross, unfair challenge on Aaron Mclean by Wayne Brown results in a Penalty.” (BBC Sport)

"I really do not see why everyone is getting on Spain's back. Chile were putting in some horrid challenges last night and should have had two or three players sent off. Alonso almost needed two stretchers on, one for him and one for his foot." (BBC Sport)


Case studies

The number of fouls in “Brasileirão” is higher than in the European Championships


Case studies

Corpora can expand the scope of terminological research by revealing

cultural aspects of a special subject field

Neymar Gareth Bale


Concluding Remarks

high and low context cultures (Anthropology);

form-representaion (Anthropology);

course: Sociocultural history of football (History);

translation theories (Translation Studies);

Terminology;

Statistics (in the future).

No corpus linguist is an island! (Ute Romer)


Concluding Remarks

Thank you!

[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Documents

A corpus perspective on the football playing culture in Brazil and the U.K