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THE CHANGING NATURAL Hx OF AORTIC STENOSIS
AND HOW TO MANAGE IT
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20
40
60
80
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40 50 60 70 80Age (years)
Survival (p
ercent) Increasing obstruction,
myocardial overload
Average Age Death
Latent Period
Symptoms
40 50 60 70 80
100
80
60
40
20
0
WHAT TO DO WITH THIS 71 Y/O MAN?
ASYMPTOMATIC ; HEALTHY;
• JET VEL 4.3 m/sec
60 mm Hg GRADIENT; AVA 0.8 cm2
EF 0.65
HEAVY VALVE CALCIFICATION
• 1. AVR NOW
• 2. EXERCISE
• 3. AVR WHEN SYMPTOMS OCCUR
• 4. SUPPOSE TAVI WERE AVAILABLE AND PROVEN
WE KNOW
• THAT IF HE IS TRULY ASYMPTOMATIC HE IS FAIRLY SAFE
PELLIKKA et al
• 622 ASYMPTOMATIC Pts
• 4.5 m/s JET
ROSENHEK et al
• 116 ASYMPTOMATIC Pts WITH SEVERE AS
• 1 SUDDEN DEATH IN 6 YEARS
RISK OF SD IN ASYMPTOMATIC AS Pts
• 0.4 % /YEAR
ON THE OTHER HAND
THERE IS WORRY
SCD IN ASYMPTOMATIC Pts
11 IN PELLIKKA’S STUDY
ANOTHER 26 IN THE LITERATURE WHO PROGRESSED RAPIDLY FROM ASYMPTOMATIC TO SCD
IF WE OPERATE
STS RISK SCORE
0.7 % MORTALITY 7% MORBIDITY
ROCK AND A HARD PLACE
• LOW RISK TO WAIT FOR Sxs
• LOW RISK AVR
CURRENT STRATEGY
• FIND A HIGH RISK GROUP WHERE THE RISK OF WAITING EXCEEDS AVR
OTTO et al CIRC ‘97
ROSENHEK et al
ROSENHEK et al
IS THE Pt TRULY ASYMPTOMATIC?
DAS et al
WHAT TO DO WITH THIS 71 Y/O MAN?
ASYMPTOMATIC AS;
• JET VEL 4.3 m/sec
60 mm Hg GRADIENT; AVA 0.8 cm2
EF 0.65;
EX TEST
• QUIT 3 MINUTES INTO BRUCE STAGE 1
• NO INCREASE IN BP
• WHAT IF TAVI WERE A DURABLE LOW RISK OPTION?
30 Days 1 Year
OutcomeOutcome TAVRTAVR(N = 348)(N = 348)
AVRAVR(N = 351)(N = 351)
TAVRTAVR(N = 348)(N = 348)
AVRAVR(N = 351)(N = 351)
All Stroke or TIA All Stroke or TIA –– no. (%)no. (%) 19 (5.5)19 (5.5) 8 (2.4)8 (2.4) 0.040.04 27 (8.3)27 (8.3) 13 (4.3)13 (4.3) 0.040.04
TIA – no. (%) 3 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 0.33 7 (2.3) 4 (1.5) 0.47
All Stroke – no. (%) 16 (4.6) 8 (2.4) 0.12 20 (6.0) 10 (3.2) 0.08
Major Stroke Major Stroke –– no. (%)no. (%) 13 (3.8)13 (3.8) 7 (2.1)7 (2.1) 0.200.20 17 (5.1)17 (5.1) 8 (2.4)8 (2.4) 0.070.07
Minor Stroke – no. (%) 3 (0.9) 1 (0.3) 0.34 3 (0.9) 2 (0.7) 0.84
Death/maj stroke Death/maj stroke –– no. (%)no. (%) 24 (6.9)24 (6.9) 28 (8.2)28 (8.2) 0.520.52 92 (26.5)92 (26.5) 93 (28.0)93 (28.0) 0.680.68
Neurological Events at 30 Days Neurological Events at 30 Days and 1 Year and 1 Year All Patients (N=699)All Patients (N=699)
pp‐‐valuevalue pp‐‐valuevalue
76 Y/O MAN
• DYSPNEA WITH SIMPLE ADLs
• 2/6 SEM MODERATELY DELAYED CAROTIDS
• MEAN GRADIENT 19 mm Hg; AVA 0.9 cm2
• EF 0.19
• NO INCREASE IN CO OR GRADIENT WITH DOB 20 mcgs/kg
TRIBOUILLOY et al
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QUERE et al, CIRC, 113:1738,2006
%2FconteLVEF+beQuere%2C2006+Amcirculationtrue113/14/17http%3A%circulation
76 Y/O MAN
• DYSPNEA WITH SIMPLE ADLs
• 2/6 SEM MODERATELY DELAYED CAROTIDS
• MEAN GRADIENT 19 mm Hg; AVA 0.9 cm2
NO INOTROPIC RES; BNP 1122
TAVI?
PARTNERS, NEJ, 2010
LOW GRADIENT, LOW FLOW NL EF
• CONCENTRIC REMODELING WITHOUT LVH
HICHICHA et al CIRCULATION 2007
CONCLUSION
• SYMPTOMATIC AS REMAINS ONE OF THE MOST LETHAL DISEASES ON ALL OF MEDICINE
• WE CAN IDENTIFY HIGH RISK ASYMPTOMATIC Pts THAT MAY BENEFIT FROM AVR
• + ETT, HIGH GRADIENT, HEAVY Ca++, LVH
• WE CAN IDENTIFY RELATIVELY LOW RISK AS PATIENTS WITH SHOT VENTRICLES
• + INOTROPIC RESERVE, GRADIENT> 20 mm Hg,
• WITHOUT EXTENSIVE SCAR
THE CHALLENGE OF TAVI
TUMOR BOARD