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A COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HEADLAMP VARIABLES AND DRIVERS ' 5, IGHT DISTANCES :
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Paul Green
HSRI Technical Report UM-HSRI-80-44
June 1980
I 1
4. Tit le d bbt i t lo / 5. R-t Dot.
Technical R m Doeummtuiiocr Pog.
1. R q r t N o .
UM-HSRI -80-44
A Computer Simulation 07 Headlamp Varia.bles and Drivers ' Sight Distances : Operatirq
1 9. Pwkwninq Orgrrixution N a m ard Address 1 10. Wot4 Unit No. I
2. 6aw-t Accsssion Mo.
June 1980 6. Puioming Organlxor~on codo -
Instructions
3. Rscipimt's Ca@o(oq No.
8 . Perkrr inp Or9arlxution Repert No.
15. Suppl-tay Notos
I
7. h r k d r ) Paul Green / UM-HSRI-80-40
Highway Safety Research Ins t i tu te University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48019 ( U L A . )
12. +-ring A-7 H a * a d A a n s *
This report provides supplemental information on how t o run the BEMPAT and LAMPER computer programs developed a t the Highway Safety Research Ins t i tute . These programs (described in Mortimer and Becker, 1973 and Becker and Mortimer, 1974) predict the seeing dis- tance t o various targets in various posi tfons as a function of the headlighting system and a number of other variables. They permit human factors special i s t s and i l l umination engineers t o compare the effectiveness of a l ternat ive headlamp designs,
i 11. bntroct or Gfont No.
13. TYPO o i Rrport and Period Cowred
I
19. h r i * Clsssif. (af *is -1) I a. S.cwrq Classif. ( m i this M.) 1 21. No. oi P q m r j 22. Prscm 1 i
17. Koy Words
headlamp, head1 ighti ng , simulation, highway safety,
18. Dir.tvl&t~ar Stotammt
vision, human factors 1 I i
Unclassified Unclassified
T A B L E OF CONTENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Introduction 1
Step 1 . Obtaining the transformed headlamp in tens i ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . dis t r ibu t ion . BEMPAT 1
Step 2 . Using $COPY t o repl ica t? the l i gh t d i s t r ibu t ion . . 3
S t 2 p 3 . Using LAMPER t o compute v i s i b i l i t y distances . . . . 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S o ~ e Programming Flews 6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summary 7
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References 8
Appendices
BEMPAT Source Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 BEMPAT I n p u t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 BEMPAT Printed O u t p u t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BEMPAT Transfer 22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LAMPER Source List ing 26 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LAMPER Input 61
. . . . . . . . . . Light Distr ibution modified by $COPY 64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LAMPER Output 76
. . . . . . . . . . . Fortran Coding Sheet fo r LAMPER Input 79 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Flowcharts 83
Introduction
I t i s well known that the accident rate a t night i s greater than that during the day. While there are many contributing factors ( e . g . , fatigue, greater consumption of alcohol, e t c . ) , the most important i s darkness. Consequently, there has 1 ong been interest in developing headlamp systems that enable dri vers t o see hazards a t
greater distances a t night. A t f i r s t glance, increasing head1 amp intensity and raising the elevation of existing lamps would seem t o
be the answer. Unfortunately, such changes increase the g l ar2 experi - enced by drivers a n d in many cases make accidents more l ikely.
To f a c i l i t a t e evaluation of these possibi l i t ies and new lamp designs, computer programs have been developed that generate predic- tions of v i s ib i l i t y distance and glare resulting from one vehicle meet-
ing another on a two-lane road a t night; (Becker and Mortimer, 1974;
Mortimer and Becker , 1973). The compui:er model was original ly developed for an IBM 1800 and l a t e r transferred t:o a Digital Equipment Corporation ( D E C ) PDP-11/45 mini computer. Unfortu~ately , few people are fami 1 i a r with the operation of the PDP-11/45 a t Highway Safety Research ins t i tu te (HSRI) . The software has been modified: t o run o n the University of Michigan Computing Center's AMDAHL 470/V7 operating under MTS (Michigan Terminal Sys ten) . Modifications made to the original program include the addition of comments t o make the programs understandable and changes in the forflat statements t o make them compatible with the FORTRAN on MTS. (The original program t o o k advantage of several extens ions unique t o DEC FORTRAN IV plus. ) The program should run a t other )ITS ins ta l la - tions without modification and o n IBM 360 a n d 370 computzrs with only revised operating system instructions when compi 1 ed using FORTRAN i V
levels G , H , or WATFIV. The s t q s necessary t o nake the mcdel run are o u t 1 i ned be1 ow.
Step 1. Obtaining the transformed headlamp intensity d is t r i b u -
tion - BEHPAT.
The f i r s t step in conducting a hea'cllamp evaluation i s for the BEMPAT beam pattern program t o compute the l o g intensity distribution
for each lamp type. ( A copy of the l a t e s t source 1 ist ing of BEMPAT
is contained in Appendix 1. ) TO run BEMPAT one needs three types of cards. (See Appendix 2 . ) The f i r s t card i s a deck header. Only one deck header card i s required for e3ch series of evaluations, Right adjusted in the f i r s t 5 columns (format 15) should be the number of lamps evaluated, usually one. The rest of the card should be filiei
with zeros or blank. (For the PDP-11/35, columns 6-13 were used and
t o indicate thar one wanted t o p u t the beam pattern on a disk = i l s . )
The second card contains various descriptors of the beam pattern. I t s
format i s 315, 3F5.1, 21A2, E8.0. The f i r s t entry i s the beam pattern number (15) . The next pair of inputs ( b o t h 15) represent the number of rows and columns in the input beam pattern matrix. The fourth a n d
f i f t h entries ( b o t h F5.1) are the coordinates of the lower l e f t hand corner of the matrix. The sixth digi t z l entry ( F 5 . 1 ) i s the angular spacing between points and degrees. The seventh f ie ld ( 4 2 columns wide) i s for text (e .g . , the beam pattern name, date, etc. ) . The l a s t entry on th i s card i s the transmittance, a value usually between 0 and
1 , where 1 means a l l of the 1 i g h t i s transmitted and values greater than one mean the lamp i s driven by a greater then nornai voltage. Since . . - the . - computation . . -. . makes - no sense i f transmittance i s 0 (e.g. , a blank f ie ld on the card)' b o t h 0 and 1 are i n t ~ r p r e t e d as no loss. Potential
sources of loss include polarizing f i l t l l r s , d i r t , e tc . The remainder o f the deck contains the values for the intensity of the beam pattern a t each point in the rectangular grid.
Before running the BEMPAT program one should double check the beam intensity card deck. 9ENPAT expects eleven fields per card. There are
a few o l d decks in the HSRI f i l e s that have 13 f ie lds per card. D o n ' t
use the 13 f ie ld cards.
Shown in Appendix 2 i s sample inpuq: for this prcgram for a G E
6014 headlamp. included are the deck header card, the beam pattern header card, and beam intensi t ies . The deck header card indicates there i s one beam pattern t o be considered. The bean pattern head card indi- cates the intensity distribution i s for beam pattern number 1, that
the matrix contains 6 i rows and 22 col mns, t h a t the coordinate of the lower l e f t hand corner i s -20, -4.5 degrees, that the intensity points are .5 degrees apart , and that the beam pattern i s for Gi 6014 Low Bean
(No. 2 PH). The one in column 80 indicates there are no transmission losses (100% transmission). The remainder of that f i l e ( l ines 2 through 123) are the beam in tens i t ies .
Shown in Appendix 3 i s the printed o u t q u t generated by the BEMFAT
program. I t i s a rearranged rectangular array of the beam intensi t ies
a t each specified point i n the grid.
Appendix 4 contains the transformed beam intensi t ies and the new header card.7or that beam pattern. I n the original Mortimer and Secker
program the transformed beam intensi t ies were stored in binary format
to save space. To f a c i l i t a t e debugging, E f o r m t has been used in the revi sed vers ion.
Steo 2. Usina SCOPY t o reulicate the l i ah t distribution.
After BEMPAT has been run, i t may be necessary t o modify the beam pattern f i l e . LAMPER, the program that performs the lighting vis i - b i l i t y calculations, uses t ~ o i n p u t f i l e s . One f i l e contains control
commands (specifications for the location of the driver and headlamps
on each vehicle); the other l ight distributions for each lamp. I f
there are four identical headlamps ther the l i g h t distribution should
be repeated four times i n the f i l e . This i s most easily done by
SCOPYing the headlamp l ight distributicln t o a temporary f i l e a n d then
SCOPYifig the temporary f i l e t o the end of the original lighting f i l e three times.
Step 3. Using LAYPER t o compute v i s ib i l i t y distances.
The headlight evaluation program i s contained in Appendix 4. The main routine i s called LAMFER. In addition, a number of subroutines (INPUT, CURVE, BEAMS, INTAB, GLARE, CONVR, a n d OUTPUT) are also used with LAMPER. These subroutines also are contained in Appendix 4. Shown in Appendix 5 are the input control cards required by LAPIPER.
Except for the t i t l e card and the card preceding i t (which has a T i n
column I) a l l cards follow the same format. That format i s a l e t t e r in column 1 t o designate the czrd type, a 9 column f i e ld and then 7
ten column f ie lds of data. Not a11 f ie lds are used. The following input cards are required:
1. Card 1 should have a T in column 1 t o indicate that the next card i s a t i t l e card.
2 . The second card in the deck ccntains the o u t p u t t i t l e
(headlamp name, type, e tc . ) . I t can be u p t o 90
characters 1 ong .
3. The third card i s the C card. I t gives information on vehicle speed and the locations o f the eyes and target.
4. Next comes the Z card, The Z card gives $one information on i n i t i a l vis ibi l i t y distance, i n i t i a l interval and
target refi ectance.
5 . Cards 5 through 8 are D cards. The D cards specif;! the
location of each headlamp. Since most vehicles have a t
leas t two headlamps and there are a t leas t two cars of in t e re s t , there must be a t leas t 4 D cards. There may
be u p t o 10 D cards, as there i s a maximum of 5 lamps per vehicle. Lamps on the main vehicle are referred t o via numbers 1-5 while those o n opposing venicles are referred t o via numbers 6-10.
6. The L (or l a s t ) card indicates the end o f input.
For the particular example given in tnis report , the cards in Appendix 6 are interpreted as follows: The f j r s t card ( 7 ) indicates that the next card i s the t i t l e for a ser ies of inputs. The t i t l e card indicates this i s a t e s t run for GE 6014 low beam lamps. According t o the C card the two vehicleti' center1 ines are 12 fee t apart , b o t h are moving a t 30 mph and the subject ' s eyes are 72 inches behind lamp one, 42 inches above the road, 20 inches t o the l e f t o f
the center l ine and the target i s 24 inches above the road and 72
inches t o the right o f the vehicle centerline. According t o the Z
card the target separation distance i s 200 f e e t , the computation
increment interval i s 8 fee t and the tdrget re f lec t iv i ty i s 10%.
There are four D cards, one for each o f the four headlamps, two per car . Lamp one i s on the main vehicle. I t i s 24 inches above the road and 30 inches t o the l e f t of the vehicle centerline. Lamp 2 i s
60 inches t o the right o f the reference lamp. Lamp 6 i s located
similar t o l a m p 1 except i t s on the opposing vehicle. Lamp 7 i s the
right side lamp on the opposing vehicle. (See Table 1. )
Table 1. D cards.
L Not used (blank)
Car with t e s t subject
Opposing Vehicle
and 6 respectively
respect i vel y
and 6 respectively
The L card indicates the i n p u t for a particular vehicle s i tuat ion has ended.
Also shown ea r l i e r in Appendix 6 i s the run command for this par- t icu lar program. Shown in Appendix 7 i s the input beam pattern. Xote
that the 151 l ine pattern i s replicated four times because a l l four
beams are identical. In Appendix 8 i s the printed o u t p u t from LAMPER.
To faci 1 i t a t e running the program, the card formats described in detai 1
in Becker and Mortimer, 1974 (pages 58-62) are repeated in Appendix 9 .
I n this case the material has been presented on FORTRAN coding sheets
t o faci 1 i t a te constructing the input cards.
Some Proarammi na Fl aws
There are three problems with the LAMPER program. Secause no one i s familiar with the detai ls of the code a n d becaus? such familiariza- tion would take a considerable amount of time and resul t in only a
small improvement in the program, these problems have n o t been resolved. Based on extensive use of LAMPER the probability of one of the f:aws occurring i s about . I .
Problem 1 - Computational error ( p < .01) - On one occasion the program halted without producing o u t p u t and a system message stated
the program attempted t o compute the square root of a negative number in subroutine CONVR. There are no indications why th is occurred or how th i s problem might be solved.
Problem 2 - Premature Termination ( p Q . G 3 ) - During a few runs the program has no t generated o u t p u t for the l a s t few separation distances. For example, i f i t was requested t o compute v i s ib i l i t y a n d
glare estimates until the vehicle hzd ~ a s s e d each other by 1000 feet (e .g . , the final separation distance, f ie ld 2 o f Card A was - 1000 f t . ) , i t w o u l d qui t a t 0 f e e t (when they r e t ) . Careful checking has shown this n o t to be an input e r ror .
Problem 3 - Incorrecting Stepping ( p nu .07) - 3n a few occasions the program e i ther has n o t applied the second separation interval (skip) from the correct i n i t i a l value or the interval i s changed (usually t o a smal l e r number). For example, i f asked t o compute values from 2000 t o 1 O O O fee t in 500 foot increments a n d 500 t o 1000 fee t in 100 foot increments, i t ~ ~ o u l d produce o u t p u t for 2000' , 2500 and 500 ' , 1000' ,
500 ' , 400 , 300' , etc . or 2000' , 2500 ' , 1500 ' , 1000' , 990 ' , 980 ' , 970 ' , etc . These do n o t appear t o be input errors .
Any comments by readers concerning the source of these problems w o u l d be greatly appreciated.
The sequence of evaluating the heiidlamp i s f i r s t t o use LAMPER t o generate an original transformed beam pa t t e rn ( s ) , then t o rep1 icate
the beam pattern i f duplicate lamps are present using the NTS S C O ? Y con- mand, and f inal ly t o have LAMPER and i t s associated subroutines generate the actual o u t p u t .
There are two places where one can easily make mistakes. F i r s t ,
there must be a D card for each headlarnp in the LAMPER program. Second, there must be a beam intensity pattern for each headlamp. Even
i f the same 'beam intensity pattern i s used for a1 1 headlamps, i t must
be repeated in the beam pattern f i l e .
Running the head1 ight evaluation programs i s not easy. While the author of this report i s not familiar with a l l the detai ls of these programs as he d i d n o t write them, he will gladly receive comments, questions, suggestions, and i s willing t o consult w i t h those who need advice in making them run. For those interested in modifying these pro- grams or learning more a b o u t the i r operation, f l o w charts of a17 routines have been recovered from the HSRI archives and are presented in Appendix 10. Variable cross references l i s t ing may also be helpful. They nay be obtained by $RUNni ng *FTN? iDY.
R E F E R E N C E S
Becker, J . M . , and Mortimer, R . G . Further development of a computer
simulation t o predict the visi bil i t y distance provided by head-
1 amp beams. University of Michi gIm, Highway Safety Research
Ins t i tute , Report No. UM-HSRI-HF-74-26, A n n Arbor, Michigan, USA,
November, 1974 (available from NTIS as PB-257 9 0 9 ) .
Mortimer, R . G . , and Becker, J . M. Development of a computer simula- tion t o predict the v i s ib i l i t y distance provided by headlamp beams. University o f Michigan, Highway Safety Research Ins t i tu te , Report No. UM-HSRI-HF-73-15, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, July, 1973
( a v a i 1 able from NTIS as PB 227 85!5/4).
APPENDIX 1
Lil d c c ' 3
N * G a - N u -r u7 * I
m 4 . . I -!T? 3 3 0 , 9 7 7 w . Ins- . . . ni 1 O O - N ~ ~ m a ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ 0 o a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m i n m ~ w ~ y C ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ O - ~ n ~ u m 4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ i n ~ ~ ~ U ' ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ ~ ~ N ~ N ~ N ~ m n m m m m n m m m m m m m m ~ m m m m m u e ~ . * e ~ u ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ~ m ~ ~ m ~ ~ ~ m ~ a ~
I * N m ~ m t h 00 m + m o o - m . * 9 9 9PC3 h a 0 0 =Fin I 0 - 4 d 9 @ w - d d ..rdN I e
Q 0 * 1 U G U U U U V U u * .
APPENDIX ;!
1 1 . * 1 * 1 1 1 1 * 1
l , , . l l . . , l * l I , l l l l N a m e ~ ~ Y u ~ ~ ~ ~
n .w r u l s f I N .p I N I 0 In .a I f I N I f .m I 0 .Ln r P r O em r O rw OW em 1 w * " . C ' Q 8 % . a r e 1
~ o u l ~ - h ~ m + ~ m ~ m ~ ~ p ~ t p a m f O ~ ~ n ~ ~ ? - O o ~ - ~ ~ a O m W e ~ n ~ O ~ e e - ~ u l ~ - O V ) ~ m O ? ~ G ~ m ~ w m ~ m ~ ~ a m ~ w @ ~ ~ m ~ m ~ ~ - ~ ~ e m n r m m m ~ a ~ m ~ ? m \ O o ~ ~ ? ~ ~ m - ~ ~ o m m ~ m ~ ~ m u ~ w o m ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ - - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ N ~ N N N N N N N ~ ~ ) N ~ ) N P N Q N ~ N C N N N N N N N ~ N - ~ - N F W - ~ - N - N - N
APPENDIX 3
O O O O O Q O O Q O O O O O O O O O O O O
DEAH P A T l E n N NO, 1 FOR G . E . 6014 l l 0 n 1 Z O N T A L T E A T I C A L ANGLES A N G L E 0.0 0.5 1 * 0
0.0 411 32-0 2060-0 1010.U 0.5 6412-0 2713-0 1250-0 1.0 9101.0 3531-0 1401- 0 1- 5 11229-0 4040-0 1520.0 2.0 l l n 5 0 . 0 9319-0 1631-0 2.5 11 111.0 4196.0 1655.0 3 .0 9486-0 3782.0 1560.0 3.5 noon-o 3369-0 1 ~ 3 9 - o 4.0 1320-0 2905-0 1100.0 4 - 5 6056-0 2719-0 . 1102.0 '
5 - 0 6294.0 2532- 6 I 105- 0 5.5 5694-0 2269.0 06U-0 6 - 0 52 J0.0 2045.0 98 1 -0 6.5 4669-0 1705.0 809.0 7- 9 3 9 0 i - 0 t504-0 8 10.0 7.5 3014-0 1265.0 730-0 8- 0 2216-0 1022-0 69 1.0 8.5 lSOl.0 092-0 656.0 9.0 1259-Q 027.0 59 1- 0 9 - 5 1149-0 7 9 6 - 0 600-0 ,
10- 0 1099-0 7 1 7 - 0 591-0
APPENDIX 4
EaU o n - =? 09 low n w f- yl
a b
00
= m y n N 3 o e m on* m u * P O * *YIP
# . . 0 0 0
w aa = c OIT c P m c 0 w Cr- * , 00
U W U - m a ,n c)
g o - 0 L? m L? U ",: 00 0
APPENDIX E
> Lb = t u = 3 L 3 - + c o e r r c, M = E E C r W = 4 Z = W d O Ci i - 3 r 7 C L R . 3 + + rd - a P Z w .- " 2 -
I = Z c p r t-50 w :L: L P - ?. r e. L 3 4 ~ ~ 1 P .. a r w
V a Ci W e e 4 b+
0 Y 4 4 * = C e i L'1 Z L 7 C C I - - w w d > 4 r, F c e W r i 3 c:
k- * b? 67 * 3 a f , . G2 0 rr Y :. C Y = 5)
.a 2 c = u a .. I : E n r * * 4 c LL C .,a Y r 4. L l =+. L- 4 . : W 1 3 2 C=jiC Y :-. 4 4 r -1
I C C - : C 1: 4 L C C I . .- P
"L: 5 l U r 4 - f- i X C d a = .C $J < - - I r c L? z y L? I w ' d O b a m e li h 2 W + S I n ) - Pi t z x b* * c Y.
'7 s 2 2 2 '.=el w . e c r - + r o - i ? ' C 4 2 - E 1 2 2 r - L U U - w w I 4 ~ : .c u
2 1 s I I- I P F Y C Y I 5 4 I I: 4 67 - 1 3 w v - z r n z z r + Z Z E .- 9 1 4 a m 4 1 " . = 3 Z - I: ~ 3 3 = + h a 311 :L z c 12 = t 1 1 : : 5 = - u I u I-s3eV U - :> 4 2
I 3 . f- a U ~ I I 4 z d z - - b 4 M L : u w I \ L c z E 3 e E = 5 & I - = - CZ :1 = = W = I m a V! c: e r . ,
Yl E z I = ; = - c= - * i o n w w D e c g e :- a ct '- I W - w = .c w 1 V1C 'i" a C S I Y C o u s w a - ~ 3 % e ij . . I E i n E Z = u u G ~ l f y r a .- iL - I U O f Z 4 H b u : C W , A iri - 4 z e =
3 1 2 3 4 T Z Z #.#=a+; n a -- < > < = * ;> I d . : L .. . = -'-a 2 r r C L I - - I = . C) Z Z :7 = .=. 4 4 :i: x a 57 u ~ 7 F 1 4 s Z U Z 3 W L ? Y C n C m C 1 3 t+ z 3 u a
I & & 9 5 N r L: a 2 r , I 1: 4~ C Ui '3 6 x 1 <a + .A z
'3 a . 2 = = . 5 4 ' . ? = . 4 ' 3 ,,a e '2 - 57 - , I p s 4 : p. z 1 i 7 > ' W U i G O = - r3 = d a c e + - E C i : ' i 1 - 3 - ' W = Z C L L I . . E- > 3 L - i N < = - Z . ? 2 S d i 2 l
- w L - 3 y I Z L I e r r r v i u . 1 .- x . . " - C - " & C: 'Ls C Y L 7 r n P 3 1'4 u r & + W ,= 4 ; .. ;r: 2 L:: 2 b
E - :? P = D Z 1 3 L 7 F- f i E Z L 7 O t - 5 : ;4 L - l e I r k 2 I ' & Z C T = & = w U d - W . . b 69 = $7 - -
ri w = w 3 i ~ ' - m : m C J - ~ W E a = = i w 3 & J w 3 Z ~ I I W 4 z e z c z c > 4 - 5 S L ; C r 4 ujc u - a 3 u ~ P * = . 5 m 2 , - y r = V ] r w o j r z - E L = = - m a r = S t = n l w r N C i . - i z . & 3 = ~ x ~ a k C E i . ~ q - C 2 = L = = C 7 C z 4 G r ; ; S . + ? . , r w ! - I i ) u e r ~ . e ~ ~ r m I & & & .r; * y r L L;Y w Y u r W L - 2 r . u ~ u
I G - & , ~ u u k - 4 I 2 * w r ~ 4 ~ ~ ~ ) - Y v J
Y I c w r " = y u z z z : ? & Y r N I L ? L b L & = u = e - - 4 'd I = :? L = = z c p i S = U Z . r r u ; r + , r r ~ = ~ S2 i I : . C + 9 4 = 3 + . - = = - c y c w = = L: I i c , - r a ~ 'n m - - f - 2 "
P I CL r C il 3, LL' r- - L7 1 s * L7 .-
I % 13 2 r - I; 1 G 3 C: = 0 E f * = ~ ) , J C ) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ) ~ ~ L , C ) ; I - ~ , U ~ ) ~ ; ~ ~ L ) U C ) C ) ~ ~ C ) ~ ~ ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ; ~ ! ~ U ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .
I I , y J u ; * ~ . J ~ i ) . ~ U r d U u 3 f - - W i
- - < 3 I - - 2 3
r
- - . -<-* 3 3 = - ,L: e - r i
,-C . I:. --> - = a 2 - i C 3 .' S N I- ZE l . - r Z , H e C 3 ; b r L .'-- G L I.L: . =i: .> x * - = =
-C Y b a d t . - . . s x :-,- Y , 1 N . e = Y -3 w . = - 4 o w . = r ti X * Z . C I * . .- v . r - G e m s - - 7 C E f > U N . C - x 3 - z g 2 k 3 . x.g -C . C ' = el . 5 - .z r , = > I . - . c - .=': - 3 - .- * ,.l 2 . - -., ., * a u c z
" a 4 t.. r = r n . 3 L?, - - X C t S N N " C1 =Id .s . .- > d Z + * - - . x . ' 9 : 1 9 r :: , . . = a - + . --'a . .a z ; : - - = a L? .-- .< - p ; ? s u i + r ,' .- - b Z . . G i > 2;;- .-- ." -,; . d Z & Y Y N " .
,w L" '= . .z :: r.
5'; . b g L - : : x - - .Y. V: rw - S a -
k . , > U - E x C X ;= '3 b X N h i > ' :
L: C .* x .N z . r -u = .,tL .a
; : > p A 9 2 c z Z Z C L 7 3 b 5 7 - . :.= . f - i - 2 3 - I ,G .-. :: L 7 i l L L L O L ; r Z h z ' , r > ~ m - ; , . & E a r - . - z = f $ .,.4 ' - '2 =
. . , & 3 s = s c 2 U ' - d .=;-: .
c - 3 - -
- - - X L: - - - = Z 4 . - = . . 0 e E ' e P u -4 I:. C3 3 - 7 . - C C - -
2 - A d a a " 4
a. I E m * c d I U' m
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2 - 7 e .u - Lju .-- - 1 ; - -
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9 P " + C z - . -d e * \. Ei * a - 2 - I- -. C G C P .e 'I zir =c - - L* W Y I i 4 = O ? = . L'1 V1 a 1b;l C 3 * . .;. P ii - * 3 13 - w 2 .- . .
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i? 3 L ? x 4 l = i 0 3 i S X : J Sc:+ . '3 . I b r - m u d U r 3 L . Z a Z 4 - A ,
-2 - \ U + + - LC 9 = Z 3 2 e 4 . 2 : ?Z 3 - Z + - ,?,, c 3 v7U a- 1 % ,=L'L' . :: L " > . c ' - L ' ? ; x ~ , . L 1 - L"'33 ' X G r O W C , , X W V : L . ' r r . : , 3 iL x c n c = i ' a x = z I
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a C
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G - - t- ,... i r c . . - .+ * J Z 7 % E 7 X LI .- 3 .- Y r - ::
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O + 1 w r + e r 9 W + p Z b E 3 L ) 3 + a - - " - - F C C
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8 r W 6:-- W V 1 . I - V I V I V I ~ . ~ W b - t U - c : N N Y p a r z + & A p p - I L , . F E - - - N & - I Z
'L I L1 .L , L . Z - * - A - L ."A
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3 4 -i=+ .- i (N F W b '3
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u Z y > L ' N * U ' d -UV ;. r 11 11 I t I1 'I 11 I - - = K G W l 2 2 C - . i r C - E C 11 - - -- --- - - - - - = - - LJ r: . z w , -I c -e r II < - - C E ; Q ? < ~ Z C ? ' < - = - . - '&I - --:q ?,? ;, - - : 2 -...-:- - - - - & < -. " L ? " A N Z = S N : . e Z - - c : ~ . u L : * -=: . * ~ l i ; . c z . ; 5 q s ~ v r t . r ~ ; c ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ s i ~ ~ ~ - i - - - - Y - C N -
0 C C
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r t - -3 c. C z - Q c 9 C': . 3
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CI e 5 PI * N -- - C 1 . - CG * . C - - E . . t N - .= - W x , '0,c - N G \ u - ' I r - X . ? L 2 L? L7 - 3 . b s z - t r 92 . - Y + r C l C * * - . , - . 0 U. = LC: . b N N ui + = n • >
W - - * w > > r - - I .. . LL! -c N L> G m ='d -- V P i w ;U - 2 - ' - - - - - - b \ ? - r, ,k1 3 .. $ 7 3 I - - 3 .. - X L ? ,,,a- 4 3 3 P. w - 7 - 5 . - - - - - - - x c - . - 3 i < L 7 7 - \s .. . . ' L W -z 3 '2 . :: ... . .
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- - - - d : - % b ? ' z m L > + h 2 2 r 33s.- iu 2 - 4 - 7 -.+ - - - - d
r e u * * * + < z r F z v u - --. - N :? \ \ a = I V
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+ - ~ : - x x x ~ - - - I_) ? I ~ ~ Z Z = + I. - - * - L - - - I G L - 3 - Y 3 c j. - y . L? L: 6: % - - ;: 67 --- .- 4 - = " C , , , = , a z a e u , ----- .a 8 a ~ q = - c + r , , z c ~ ~ x x < N ~ - - C W E - + ~ = I I r = = Y - & = = ? = Y - e 4 - Q = N - r ? k ' b ? & N 'I * i r i A t i & P .I: d - - I I . Z Z 3 ( 5 . t L : 2. ~ < . Z - " Z = = . ~ O < - - ? ~ Z - - I . Z = \ u : L u o w u i o a - v + o;.uaL' 1 . , " " ' i r U . ,, sum- . , , - 4 % X p N W C I l , : S C ~ = ? I I - > * L f S Z # L > 1; 1.- - L- -9 il 1 - - 3 >
Ci ' I - p r z c = j F F - ..& 1 1 I! 1 1 II ,I = -- 1 1 I n - ' , - u u g x - , I I I I I i I ' X % h b ? : ! " h s l is=. - & 4 W ' - U L d d E - Z Z T W I Y X - - - I - 9 - F .- -- -,-= - - m e - - = 7.- 7. - - -+ 2 - y -- W ~ N = 4 3 ' d e w )I I I il / I I1 411 1 1 - , r e - - 4 - N - ' ~ C I F - N - 3 I I ! :i L: v 2 c L? ,n L? L? 2 r 3 L c c L ~ L * *, 3 - - - - -L L7 = = = ---- - - - - L L - .. .. F r > ~ + r p e ~ > ~ f i ~ : , ~ ~ - h f ~ - - ~ = a ~ ~ = 5 C = w Y - 3 3 3 ' : P e l = Z L - h r S 2 X - -
C
0 0 c " i: 3 3 - N . . i' - - 2 r C C C C C - -
1-
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3 C 3 + p - 3 2 L 1 Z 3'3- - - - e. 3 -nr7 -4,- .. 4
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r 4 . + e r r =i '3 ll r U -, < r
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0 ~ 0 3 3 3 3 a 0 0 0 0 3 0
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c. 27 C \ a + .
I I \ & I 3 2 C iS * C : a m - N I i- g u x b . L ? N P e J O -24, . N I j C - - .- .E .- 5
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L7 d l - Cr3>:= . . i j ' d x - . l . -
L 1 3 = r .a .*OL-,z.:-:Z(-C4 I & I A P m 2 t -: (: r:- .Y " I N -L> II . --= 3
r.i c 1 t i = x & - : L - L - - > C - Z = - x r r - 1 - . i + < L 7 a---.. - 3 . X K . t i n * . - C3 - - - I L ' a C r j - = ' : A = .+r - h 3 C . L t > .--I. - I u j - = G % L ) - ' s z ~ , Z E * L s > C) E O C N I G - : I W L ? ; I = L U F i L? > FA.3 '2 & c !&- . , - x * o . I 3 .-;: - 1 - 3 2 . I . z z l ' ; i ? C . m i ; + r m = C = , I * 1 3 i ; r i r x u - r = C = i I - 5 2 - U ' J S - C - L - U ' J ~ ~ r 3 3 3 - , I 4 0 3 0 0 - I I 3 - I e V . C Z F . - - *-. . . u c I l 11 -30 3 0 C 11 . 11 ! I - I F L : ! I , x = I W G L Z S r V , U . & P X U L Z N ~ ~ - L ~ 1 1 8 I I ( ( , I 4 1 , I 7 Y x $ 8
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COYIAEN THE INEUT EAQAHETERS. TtlESE CARDS HAVE TUE FORPIAT A1 ,E9,0,7E10,0,
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0006 0007 O O C 8 OOC9 00 10 0 0 1 1 0012 0313 0014 00 1 s 0 0 16 00 17 0018 0019 OS20 a02 1 0022 0023
C DECLICAIICN A B C INI'IIALIXATICY BLOCK C
OIPIEN-ZION IALP (13) ,I ' IITL(UC) .CARD(8) .ti (H.2) ,X(2) .Y (2) ,Z(2) ,kISllP(2) l , IT(1) . JT(21 , K I ( L ) , U ( L ) , C ( 3 ) , S ( 3 )
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1.000 1- 000 1- 100 1.200 1.400 1, C O O 1.700 2.000 2,000 2,100 2- 100 2.200 2.200 2- 300 2.300 2.400 2.400 2- 5 0 0 2.600 2.700 2 ,700 2.150 2.900 3,000 3.100 4 ,000 5 .000 6.000 7.000 8 .000 9.000
10,000 11,000 12.000 1 3 - 0 0 0 14 ,000 1U- 250 14.500 15,000 16.000 17.000 18,000 19,000 2 0 ~ 0 0 0 2 1,000 22,000 23- 0 0 0 24.000 25, i )OO 2 6 - 0 0 s 27.000 2 a - 0 0 0 29-000 30.050 3 1.000
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< m c r w m ~ e w > I L C ~ z nl b; ru Y I C ~ W * ~ o v m ~ ~ e v ui , 4 k - r - r u > U U d Z I > E , C S c C C
VI C: a , c G W W Y O Z Y I , . P 3 G 3 Z U n - I : Z 3 LS N d : W V U n - 8 M f J U z u r W ' J # P u 3 -r 2 ; n 1 * < z V I H z O X =
X P L I P - S Z r q u r Q c : l i * E r > w X - > U U t 4 w U U * L ? V ' V ) V I C ~ u U V ~ ~ ~ O ' ~ Y ~ ~ P > ~ P U G Z ~ C t e * w a a m a - I -NU - = C - Y N - Z .-.- s o n r i i i ? . 3-.+ Y L ' I U W W H P X W .LC W I r L n C r P d Y I ( C r C I O f i r r r N 4 ~ S S P U P Q < P ~ Q I u . I 10 O O E U - z w ~ u u u r ~ g r * + * C E- IG-=P* *-a* - = w o ~ f f i x b u r n ~ Z W W O . II U L ~ U ~ H U M = : ~ ~ - r a II ~ r n - ~ c l . - - v 7 - - u p - i i t " ? ~ ~ . w p C L r v r r .* r , E w , .?- r - r - r .-0 - - x .-
II I I C C C U W U) m u w m - U I k U l ,cV. u M U ? V 11 1 1 - ~ Y L ~ U I - Y - - ~ V - F H V - P L L . H - P m n x ll II II I1 w 4 s w * O U Y N C Y < w < Y I I Z w ~ U u c . L w m . J Y < r r - ~ r ~ < w r m ~ u s r z z r t ~ ~ r ~ = - = ~ e =
H Z 1 1 - 1 - c : r a ~ c ~ ~ * ~ u a [ ~ Z Z Y X C P * P * S Z ~ - C L C ~ U H - ~ E - O ~ O U ~ C met ~ c k r o P C ? C . J C ? U U U ~ I = E . - - - n ? s ~ ~ r r ~ x ~ . - r1* - u & - ~ L Y I
- ~ r ? c r r N r - 0 rO o m * C m a y G Ch 3 G O 0 o o e J m m p f f i a Q , C I C I
01 O l C h rn m F* V
P W P 0 - N U.)a PCC P O C C F N N N N N N N N N N O 0 0 0 006 00 O b n o 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 00
t l I C I 1 l t i A N T t l d H I N A L S Y S T t t ! k C 6 T b A N G ( 2 l . U ' I t5 'T) OIITl'UT 35-09-80 15: 1 l:OS P A G E 1 ' 0 0 2
IVOIIY, V E I L I N ( ; ( ; L l r l ( L 15 ACTUAL VAI.IIk C L V I C E D BY TIIE PACTOH K,') 3 7 . 0 0 0 003 1 RE'IUI. h 3 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 END 4 9 . 0 0 0
* O P T T O N S I N E F F E C T * 1 C , k E C C I C , S O U R C E , L L S T , N o C E C K , I . O A C , N O n A P * C P T I O N S I N E E F E C T * hbHE = O U T P U T , L I N E C N T = 5 7 * S T A T I S T I C S * S O U l I C E S T A T E H E N T S = 3 2 , P R O G f l A f l S I Z E = 1 5 6 8 * S T A T I S T I C S * N O D L A G h C S l l C S G E N E H A l E O
NO STATFCIENTS FLAGGED I N 1 1 E ABOVE C O M P l l A ' I L O N S ,
APPENDIX 6
APPENDIX 7
W W L L N TIP 0 KO' C - u 0 d E m r C U m c
W U J 0- m m - 0 C .t N eC E C
W W W W c - < u m e o m C U Q U r , t - r - m f- 0-9 e O P C
W W m f - d d
In 3 * N IP 0 In-
Wu. 0 0 m o F r m IP m a m d
L W c u P I N 0.0 * N - c 3 *
W W N m Q.3 m N 4 0 o u cin
W L U W L L N F C U -CL-rm N m * r - ht3rlh r n e - C r r f i m a r n
U ' L U t c N 2 N r- u7 an. 9 rn
LLl il C C ' C ma' u x m N m P
LL LC hi u N 0 I-. P 0 0. c m C b . . 3 0
Lu u. N L? v, 0 r-m m m C ' m 0 S . . 5 0
LLI ?l
e h F h c
b
W L L U ' L L 3 m u 0 inn e cr m"Lc C N u u d
u k W W L W O O N C N O 0 0 1 o m w 0 * N O " " h ( F 0 C c c c c n h l E m F r \ ' m m m c a m . . . . . . O O O C O O
LUIY LL m c S mcc m -In 0 C ~ N 9 - w 6 - m
. . a
Q ? a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O O O C G O O O G Q O O O O O O G O O d o
I L L 9 u 5 €. d F P. h m c -9 L-
w u u C N F r n N V C N P NU- O N - '9 0
0 . .
000
h'3c.l 000
w w u s a . 0 m c c 3 i ) * O m % mLT- C . c u \ . . . G O O
i C L U W W U w u d O N % ' C m F N - + w O D u U 0
w u L" m c i- > n., - L-, c - C e . . '3 0
W Y ' U U P " u-CC 9 G . c .- Cl & 0 6 5 LL. - 4 . . . C)G 3
uuu u c u e ui c o o 0 a - m c
APPENDIX 8
k I E A D L I G H T V I S I D I L I T Y PERFORMANCE E V A L U A T I O N MAY 21 , 1 9 8 0 I N P U T D A T A
PAGE 1
TEST HUN F O R G E b U l G L O H 9 LIIW BEAM, 2 LAHPSv P A U L GREEN, 5 / 8 0
C E N T E R C I N E D I S T A N C E 12.0 F E E T * V E t I I C L E V E C O C I l l E S M A I N = 30 .0 MPH* O P P O S I N G = 30.0 MPH EYE I S 7 2 - 0 I N . B E t l l N D LAMPS 42.0 I N - ABOVE ROAD AND 20.0 I N - L E F T OF C E N T E R L I N E TARGET I S 24.0 I N . ABOVE ROAD AND 7 2 . 0 I N . FROM C E N l E R L I N E
I)BSERVER R E L A T I O N FOR TARGET I N r E N S I l Y = E X P I A + B * D ) , WHERE 0 I S V I S I B I L I T Y 01 STANCE L U E F F I L I E N T S FOR A = C + D ( 4 T t + ROUT OF G I ) , B = E + F ( S Q R T OF G I 1
C D E F 0 . 3 4 0 0 t + O l 0.360OE+OI) 0 . 1 6 0 0 E - 0 1 0 . 8 0 0 0 E - 0 4
TARGET R E F L E C T I V I T Y IS 10.0 PER C E N I
B A S I C TARGET R E F L E C T I V I T Y FOR OBSERVER R E L A T I O N I S 10.0 PER CENT, N O M I N A L E Y E RECOVERY R A T E PARAMETER I S 0 . 0 0 2 8 5 8 P E R SECOND
I L L U M I N A T E D AREA OF PAVEMENC k X T E N D S 200.0 F E E T AHEAD O F LAMPS A N D -8.0 AND 8.0 F E E T FROM C E N T E R L I N E ROAD R E F L E C I I V I T Y I S 10.0 P E R LENT.
S E P A R A T I O N D I S T A N C E S : I N I T I A L 4000.0 FEET. F I N A L -1000-0 F E E *
4 D I S T A P K E BETWEEN H E A O L l G H l NO. 1 H I S A I M ANGLE IOEGREES) BEAM P A T T E R N AND ( I N . ) X Y Z I N O E X VERT. IiOR. ROT. I N D E X NAME
O R I G I N 0.0 24.0 30.0 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 G.E. 6014 LOW BEAM (N0.Z P H - 8 NO. Z 0.0 0 -0 60.0 7 n.0 0 ; ~ 0.0 O G.E. ;0i4 iOii BEAR i ~ 0 . 2 P i i . i
I D I S T A N C E BETWEEN H E A D L I G t I T NO. 6 M I S A I H ANGLE IOEGREESJ B E A M P A T T E R N AND ( I N . ) X Y Z I N D E X VERT. NOR. ROT. I N D E X NAME
O R I G I N 0 .0 2 4 . 0 30.0 6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 G.E. 6 0 1 4 L O U BEAM (NO.2 PH.1 NO. 7 0-0 0-0 60-0 7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 G.E. 6 0 1 4 LOW BEAM ( N O - 2 PH.)
C O E F F I C I E N T S F O R GOL = G A t l A X - C ) * E X P ( - X / B l 0 - 2 7 3 9 E + O l 0.0 - l~ * 2 4 8 9 E + 0 1 0 . 1 8 2 9 E + U 3
SEPARATION D l STANCE
( F E E T ) 4000. 3 80 0. 3600. 3400. 3230. 303 0. 2800. 2600. 2400. 2200. 2000. 1800. 1600. 1400. 1200. 1000.
95 0. 90 0. 850. 800. 750, 700. 650. 600. 55 0. 500. 450. 400.
t i E A O L I G H T V I S I B I L l T Y PERFORMANCE E V A L U A T I O N HAY 719 1900 PAGE 2 OUT PUT OATA
TEST RUN FUR GE6014LCH r LOU BEAM, 2 LAMPS* PAUL GREEN. 5 /80 V I S I D l L I T Y V E I L I N G GLARE DISCOMFORT S E P A R A T I O N V I S I B I L I T Y V E I L I N G GLARE D I S C O M F O R T
D I STANCE GLARE I N T E N S I T Y G L A R E D I S T I N C E D I S T A N C E GLARE I N T E N S I T Y GLARE ( F E E T ) ( F T - L A H D . ) ( C A N O E L A S I I N D E X ( F E E T I ( F E E T ) ( F 1 . L A H O . ) I C A N D E L A S ) I N D E X 260.4 0.01094 1721.1 7 -5 350. 228. 5 0.02496 3111.7 4.5 260.2 0.01102 7653.1 7.4 300. 226.9 0 .02596 2773.3 4.4 259.9 0.01110 7585.1 7 - 3 2 50. 225.4 0.02687 2397.7 4.2 259.6 0 - 0 1 1 1 9 7517.1 7.2 200. 224.3 0.02762 2001.5 4.0 259- 2 0.01131 744 9.2 7.2 150. 223.4 0.02821 1597.1 3.8 258.8 0 - 0 1 1 4 4 730 1.2 1 . 1 100. 223.3 0.02823 1181.3 3.5 258.3 0.01159 127 1.7 7 -0 50. 226.8 0.02603 0 - 0 3.2 257.0 0.01177 7174.3 6.8 0. 230.3 0 -02 392 0.0 -2.1 2 5 7 - 1 0.01199 7049.2 6.7 ' -50. 233.6 0.02210 0 - 0 -2.1 256.3 0.01225 6902.4 6 - 6 -100. 236.6 0.0 -2.1 0.02051 255.4 0 - 0 1 2 5 8 6755.6 6.5 -1 50 - 239.4 0 - 0 1 9 1 4 0 - 0 - 2 - 1 254.3 0 - 0 1 2 9 6 653 1.3 6.3 - 200 - 242.0 0.01794 0 - 0 -2.1 252.9 0.01347 6307.1 6 - 2 - 250 - 244.3 0.01691 0 .O -2.1 251- 1 0.01411 603 8.2 6 - 0 - 300. 246.4 0.01601 0.0 -2.1 248.9 O.OL497 5 7 2 4 - 5 5.8 -350. 248.3 0 - 0 -2.1 0.01523 245 - 9 0.01621 54 LO. 9 5.6 -400. 250.0 0.01456 0.0 - 2.1 245.1 0.01656 5294.7 5.5 -450. 251.5 0.01397 0 .O - 2 - 1 244.2 0.01696 5178.6 5 .4 -500. 252.9 0.01346 0 .S - 2 . i 243.2 0+?3L7CL1 T - I , ~ ~ V V W . I J c 5.4 -550 - 254.1 0.01302 0 .O -2.1 242.0 0 - 0 1 1 9 0 4950.4 5.3 -600. 255.2 0.01264 0.0 -2.1 240.9 0 - 0 1844 481+.0 5.2 -650. 256.2 0 - 0 1 2 3 1 0 - 0 -2.1 239.6 0.01905 4671.6 5.2 -7 00. 25r.O 0.01202 0 .O -2.1 238.3 0 . ~ 1 9 6 8 4512.1 5.1 - 750 - 2'57.8 0.0 1177 0.0 -2.1 236.8 0.02042 4346.5 5.0 -800. 258.5 0.01155 0.0 -2.1 235.3 0.021 1 7 4137.3 4.9 -850. 259.0 0.01137 0.0 -2.1 233. 7 0.02204 3928.0 4.8 -900. 259.6 . 0.01120 0.0 -2.1 232.0 0.02295 3606.1 4.7 -950. 260.0 0.01 106 0 - 0 -2.1 230.3 0.02394 3416.8 4 - 6 - 1000. 260.4 0.01094 0.0 -2.1
H l N I H U M V l S l B l L l T Y 0 1 STANCE I S 223.3 F E E T AT A S E P A R A T I O N O F 100. F E E T V I S I B I L I T Y O I S T A N C E FOR NO CLARE CAR I S 263.0 F E E T . H A X I N U N V E I L I N G GLARE I S 0.02823 F T - C A T A S E P A R A T I O N O F 100. F E E T - COMPONENTS OF MAXIMUM V E I L I N G GLARE ARE 0.01762 FROH U P P O S I N G CARE AND 0.01050 FROH FOREGROUND GLARE I N T E N S I T Y AND I N D E X ARE NOT CALCULATED D U R I N G R t C O V E R Y . V E I L I N G GLARE I S ACTUAL VALUE D I V I D E D BY THE FACTOR K .
APPENDIX 9
APPENDIX 10
WVi T S L I - .- .,- L c ;i
a a % ". 5 s =n Q.7 - 1 1
- 4 4 - vr
Via + ' - N U Z O - Lil - Q Z a 4 u C .r Y
u w Li.7 QV) a = a01 a- e e
Subroutine I n o u t ! 1 F low Chap'. 1 Y
Set oarameters I n i t i a l i z e va r . iab ies and c o n s t a n t s ] 1 ,
I
! 4 I [ ~ a l cu l a t e ZDO.Z3T.YDO.VD
Sr~hrouti ne Conver
, 1 Subroutine Curve(I,J,X,D,E,V,W,R) I Start
&zq
-- Subroutine I n t a b
Flow Chart L
I P r i n t labe l and d a t a 1
