A Comparison of the Climates and Growth Characteristics of Tempranillo in Iberia and Oregon

Oregon Tempranillo Celebration

January 22, 2016

Gregory V. Jones Director: Business, Communication and the Environment Professor: Environmental Science and Policy

Outline of Talk

Global to Regional Tempranillo Production Characteristics

Region Comparisons

− Area, Elevation, Climate, Phenology, and Composition

Summary

Global to Regional Tempranillo Production Characteristics

Between 1990 and 2010 Tempranillo tripled its share of global plantings to become the 4th highest planted variety worldwide

Tempranillo

Year Global

Area (ha) Global

Share (%) Global Rank

1990 ~50,000 0.90 24

2000 ~95,000 1.91 10

2010 ~250,000 5.05 4

Data Sources: OIV (2015), University of Adelaide (2015)

World’s Fastest Expanding Varieties, 2000 to 2010 (ha)

Data Sources: OIV (2015), University of Adelaide (2015)

World’s Fastest Contracting Varieties, 2000 to 2010 (ha)

Data Sources: OIV (2015), University of Adelaide (2015)

Top 30 Red Varieties % of Global Planted Area, 2000 and 2010

Data Sources: OIV (2015), University of Adelaide (2015)

Tempranillo Planted Acreage

Data Sources: OIV (2015), University of Adelaide (2015)

Spain 89%

Portugal 7% Argentina

2.5%

France Australia United States

~0.2-0.5%

~0.1%

Mexico Chile South Africa Italy Greece Brazil

Turkey New Zealand Canada Thailand Myanmar

Wine Regions in Iberia and Oregon

Iberia

Administrative Regions in Iberia

Denominaciónes de Origen in Iberia

Over 100 DOs, sub-DOs, & DOCa/DOQ

Planted Vineyards in Iberia

1.1 million ha or ~4100 mi2

of vineyards

Spain ~220,000 ha ~15% of total

Portugal ~20,000 ha ~7% of total

Tempranillo in Iberia

Main Tempranillo

Regions

Tempranillo in Iberia

Dão

Douro

Alentejo

Cigales

Toro Ribera del Duero

La Rioja

Navarra

La Mancha

Valdepeñas Jumilla

Utiel-Requena

Penedès

Somontano

Priorat

Campo de Borja

Calatayud

Cariñena

Oregon

AVAs in Oregon

18 American Viticultural

Areas

Planted Vineyards in Oregon

~11350 ha ~28000 acres of vineyards

Tempranillo in Oregon

Oregon ~170 hectares

~400 acres

California ~400 hectares ~1000 acres

Washington ~100 hectares

~250 acres

Idaho ~20 hectares

~50 acres

Texas ~40 hectares ~100 acres

Arizona ~30 hectares

~75 acres

Region and Climate Comparisons

General Climate Background All winegrape cultivars have fairly narrow climate niches

(~4-8°F in growing season temperatures) that can reliably express typicity and achieve high quality

However, not all climates are created equal Many other weather/climate factors & their interactions

with the soil & landscapes can play important roles in producing the ‘ideal’ climate for any variety

Tempranillo is highly expressive of the climate in which it is grown and performs well in:

− Cool to intermediate climates − Often at higher elevations − With high diurnal temperature ranges

Region Country/State Square Miles Elevation (ft)

Priorat Spain 69.1 1387

Walla Walla Valley OR Oregon 156.9 1168

Columbia River Gorge OR Oregon 191.7 1246

Campo de Borja Spain 239.2 1604

Cigales Spain 239.8 2617

Toro Spain 275.5 2358

Cariñena Spain 317.1 1912

Applegate Valley Oregon 434.7 2263

Calatayud Spain 614.6 2703

Penedès Spain 634.2 915

Utiel-Requena Spain 670.2 2516

Valdepeñas Spain 671.2 2417

Somontano Spain 869.7 1870

Jumilla Spain 939.7 2086

Douro Valley Portugal 972.6 1479

Umpqua Valley Oregon 1083.3 774

Ribera del Duero Spain 1196.5 2936

Rioja Spain 1428.6 1794

Navarra Spain 1444.8 1381

Dão Portugal 1453.3 1446

Alentejo Portugal 1665.9 817

Rogue Valley Oregon 1790.9 1889

Snake River Valley OR Oregon 2402.5 2837

Columbia Valley OR Oregon 3701.6 1243

Willamette Valley Oregon 5357.5 400

La Mancha Spain 8876.5 2358

Area

Dão

Douro

Alentejo

Cigales

Toro

Ribera del Duero

La Rioja Navarra

La Mancha

Valdepeñas Jumilla

Utiel-Requena

Penedès

Somontano

Priorat

Campo de Borja

Calatayud Cariñena

Region Country/State Square Miles Elevation (ft)

Willamette Valley Oregon 5357.5 400

Umpqua Valley Oregon 1083.3 774

Alentejo Portugal 1665.9 817

Penedès Spain 634.2 915

Walla Walla Valley OR Oregon 156.9 1168

Columbia Valley OR Oregon 3701.6 1243

Columbia River Gorge OR Oregon 191.7 1246

Navarra Spain 1444.8 1381

Priorat Spain 69.1 1387

Dão Portugal 1453.3 1446

Douro Valley Portugal 972.6 1479

Campo de Borja Spain 239.2 1604

Rioja Spain 1428.6 1794

Somontano Spain 869.7 1870

Rogue Valley Oregon 1790.9 1889

Cariñena Spain 317.1 1912

Jumilla Spain 939.7 2086

Applegate Valley Oregon 434.7 2263

Toro Spain 275.5 2358

La Mancha Spain 8876.5 2358

Valdepeñas Spain 671.2 2417

Utiel-Requena Spain 670.2 2516

Cigales Spain 239.8 2617

Calatayud Spain 614.6 2703

Snake River Valley OR Oregon 2402.5 2837

Ribera del Duero Spain 1196.5 2936

Elevation

Dão

Douro

Alentejo

Cigales

Toro

Ribera del Duero

La Rioja Navarra

La Mancha

Valdepeñas Jumilla

Utiel-Requena

Penedès

Somontano

Priorat

Campo de Borja

Calatayud Cariñena

Tempranillo Locations Examined

Milton-Freewater

Aranda de Duero

Viseu

McMinnville

Medford

Roseburg

Tafalla Logrono

Evora

Cuidad Real

Toro

Zamora Valladolid

Torres Vedras

Vila Real

In addition to the spatial analysis of climate (1950-2000) in 26 defined wine regions in Oregon, Spain and Portugal, this

presentation uses 15 locations with long term climate stations (1981-2010) that are representative of the main regions

Annual Precipitation

Precipitation in Oregon and Iberia Regions

Unpublished Data

32.3 inch Range in Annual

Precipitation

14.1 inch Range in Growing Season

Precipitation

24.1 inches Average Annual

Precipitation

Growing season average temperatures represent a simple measure of climate suitability, highly correlated with all other climate indices

High quality Tempranillo production has a ~4-5°F climate niche worldwide

The 15 locations examined here produce a range of growing season average temperatures of 60.2-69.1°F, a 8.9°F Iberia-Oregon ‘Tempranillo’ climate range

Jones, 2006; and unpublished data

McMinniville Oregon

General Climate

Suitability

La Mancha Spain

Growing Degree-Days (NH Apr-Oct; SH Oct-Apr) 1500 3250 5000

Growing Season Temperatures

Region Country/State GSTavg

Min 25% Med 75% Max

Columbia River Gorge OR Oregon 55.1 56.4 57.4 58.8 62.5

Willamette Valley Oregon 54.1 58.4 59.1 59.4 61.4

Umpqua Valley Oregon 55.9 58.8 59.3 59.9 61.5

Applegate Valley Oregon 51.8 58.1 59.9 60.9 62.3

Ribera del Duero Spain 55.8 59.5 60.1 60.4 62.1

Somontano Spain 46.2 57.9 60.1 61.7 64.2

Rogue Valley Oregon 50.9 58.9 60.2 61.1 62.7

Calatayud Spain 54.7 59.2 60.3 61.5 63.9

Snake River Valley OR Oregon 55.3 59.3 60.4 61.3 64.1

Cigales Spain 59.9 60.4 61.0 61.5 62.1

Columbia Valley OR Oregon 53.7 60.3 61.3 62.5 64.7

Rioja Spain 53.4 60.1 61.3 62.6 64.8

Toro Spain 60.4 61.5 61.9 62.1 62.6

Navarra Spain 53.2 61.0 62.4 63.3 64.9

Cariñena Spain 57.6 61.2 62.4 63.3 64.8

Walla Walla Valley OR Oregon 56.2 61.9 62.7 63.1 63.6

Campo de Borja Spain 58.5 61.7 63.1 64.0 65.5

Utiel-Requena Spain 58.5 62.6 63.7 64.8 67.6

Dão Portugal 49.1 62.4 64.2 65.1 66.9

Priorat Spain 57.7 63.1 65.1 66.0 68.0

La Mancha Spain 60.6 64.8 65.7 66.6 70.0

Penedès Spain 59.9 64.6 66.0 66.9 68.5

Douro Valley Portugal 60.9 65.2 66.1 66.8 68.3

Jumilla Spain 60.6 65.1 66.4 67.5 69.4

Valdepeñas Spain 63.3 66.2 66.7 67.1 68.0

Alentejo Portugal 66.3 67.9 68.2 68.5 69.3

Growing Season Average Temperatures

Dão

Douro

Alentejo

Cigales

Toro

Ribera del Duero

La Rioja Navarra

La Mancha

Valdepeñas Jumilla

Utiel-Requena

Penedès

Somontano

Priorat

Campo de Borja

Calatayud Cariñena

Region Country/State GSTavg

Min 25% Med 75% Max

Columbia River Gorge OR Oregon 55.1 56.4 57.4 58.8 62.5

Willamette Valley Oregon 54.1 58.4 59.1 59.4 61.4

Umpqua Valley Oregon 55.9 58.8 59.3 59.9 61.5

Applegate Valley Oregon 51.8 58.1 59.9 60.9 62.3

Ribera del Duero Spain 55.8 59.5 60.1 60.4 62.1

Somontano Spain 46.2 57.9 60.1 61.7 64.2

Rogue Valley Oregon 50.9 58.9 60.2 61.1 62.7

Calatayud Spain 54.7 59.2 60.3 61.5 63.9

Snake River Valley OR Oregon 55.3 59.3 60.4 61.3 64.1

Cigales Spain 59.9 60.4 61.0 61.5 62.1

Columbia Valley OR Oregon 53.7 60.3 61.3 62.5 64.7

Rioja Spain 53.4 60.1 61.3 62.6 64.8

Toro Spain 60.4 61.5 61.9 62.1 62.6

Navarra Spain 53.2 61.0 62.4 63.3 64.9

Cariñena Spain 57.6 61.2 62.4 63.3 64.8

Walla Walla Valley OR Oregon 56.2 61.9 62.7 63.1 63.6

Campo de Borja Spain 58.5 61.7 63.1 64.0 65.5

Utiel-Requena Spain 58.5 62.6 63.7 64.8 67.6

Dão Portugal 49.1 62.4 64.2 65.1 66.9

Priorat Spain 57.7 63.1 65.1 66.0 68.0

La Mancha Spain 60.6 64.8 65.7 66.6 70.0

Penedès Spain 59.9 64.6 66.0 66.9 68.5

Douro Valley Portugal 60.9 65.2 66.1 66.8 68.3

Jumilla Spain 60.6 65.1 66.4 67.5 69.4

Valdepeñas Spain 63.3 66.2 66.7 67.1 68.0

Alentejo Portugal 66.3 67.9 68.2 68.5 69.3

Growing Season Average Temperatures

Dão

Douro

Alentejo

Cigales

Toro

Ribera del Duero

La Rioja Navarra

La Mancha

Valdepeñas Jumilla

Utiel-Requena

Penedès

Somontano

Priorat

Campo de Borja

Calatayud Cariñena

Growing Degree-Days in Oregon-Iberia Locations

Unpublished Data

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

GD

D

Month

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0

McMinnville

Torres Vedras

Aranda de Duero

Roseburg

Tafalla

Valladolid

Toro

Vila Real

Viseu

Zamora

Milton-Freewater

Medford

Logrono

Evora

Cuidad Real

Diurnal Temperature Range during Ripening Months (°F, Sept-Oct)

Ripening Period Diurnal Temperature Ranges

Unpublished Data

Differences in DTR are largely driven by humidity differences

Jones, 2006

All varieties have inherent climatic thresholds for optimum quality and production characteristics

Position within the bars represents both climate type and wine style potential

These 26 region’s average climate envelope is ~60-70°F or ~2150-4280 GDD

Climate Envelopes Growing Degree-Days (NH Apr-Oct; SH Oct-Apr) 1500 3250 5000

Jones, 2006

How do Oregon regional climate envelope’s compare with the range of climates in other Tempranillo regions …

Cigales has a narrow and relatively cool climate

Willamette Valley’s climate envelope is even cooler but overlaps

Climate Envelopes

Jones, 2006

How do Oregon regional climate envelope’s compare with the range of climates in other Tempranillo regions …

Warmer areas in the Rogue and Applegate have intermediate climate zones

Nearly identical to planted areas in Toro

Climate Envelopes

Jones, 2006

How do Oregon regional climate envelope’s compare with the range of climates in other Tempranillo regions …

Umpqua Valley has a wide climate envelope, warmer areas are most similar to…

Ribera del Duero which is slightly warmer

Climate Envelopes

Jones, 2006

How do Oregon regional climate envelope’s compare with the range of climates in other Tempranillo regions …

La Mancha is at the warmest end of all Tempranillo regions, has a wide and very warm climate envelope

Walla Walla has a cooler, narrower climate zone, more similar to Navarra, Cariñena, Campo de Borja

Climate Envelopes

Phenology and Composition Comparisons

Tempranillo Phenological Comparisons Harvest Bud Break Flowering Véraison

Data from 10-15 years of observations in Southern Oregon, and as many data points as I could find in Spain and Portugal

Region Budbreak BB-F Flowering F-V Veraison V-H Harvest BB-H

Umpqua Apr 13 63 days Jun 16 60 days Aug 14 48 days Oct 2 171 days

Rogue Apr 21 56 days Jun 15 52 days Aug 15 52 days Oct 6 170 days

Ribera Apr 27 51 days Jun 17 56 days Aug 12 43 days Sept 24 152 days

Rioja Alta Apr 8 71 days Jun 18 67 days Aug 24 44 days Oct 7 182 days

Rioja Media Apr 7 56 days Jun 2 67 days Aug 8 50 days Sept 27 173 days

Rioja Baja Mar 21 67 days May 27 64 days Jul 30 52 days Sept 20 183 days

Douro Mar 18 66 days May 23 70 days Aug 1 45 days Sept 15 181 days

Lisboa Mar 20 64 days May 23 68 days Jul 29 48 days Sept 15 179 days

Average 5-Apr 62 days 6-Jun 63 days 8-Aug 48 days 25-Sep 174 days

Tempranillo Harvest Chemistry

Data from 10-15 years of multiple vineyard observations in Southern Oregon and 12 years over 26 vineyards in the Ribera del Duero

Region Statistic °Brix TA (g/l) MA (g/l) pH 100BW (g) Yield (t/a)

Umpqua Median 24.5 5.5 3.61 3.1

Stdev 0.8 1.0 0.13 1.2

Rogue Median 24.1 6.0 3.56 2.4

Stdev 0.9 0.8 0.10 0.5

Ribera Median 23.5 5.6 3.5 3.60 178

Stdev 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.09 13

Summary Tempranillo is one of the most rapidly expanding

varieties in terms of acreage and production worldwide Today 4th overall and 3rd for red varieties Spain and Portugal represent 96% of the world’s

production Argentina, France, US, and Australia seeing increased

plantings and production Iberia production occurs in most regions, 18 of which

individually produce more than all of the US Three core regions: Rioja, La Mancha, and Ribera del

Duero produce 75% of Spain’s output Spain more variety-oriented, Portugal more blend focus US production comes from ~2000 acres

Iberia/Oregon climates for Tempranillo are quite varied: – Cool to hot conditions across the range of producing

regions (60-70°F or 2150-4280 GDD niche) – However, core high quality areas in Iberia are found

within 61-64°F or 2300-3000 GDD – Experiencing a 32" range in annual precipitation with

30-60% coming during the growing season – Ripening period DTR ranges from ~10-45°F, Oregon’s

some of the highest in the world Growth timing and intervals shows generally consistent

variety expression from Oregon to Iberia Limited composition data also points to achieving

similar basic fruit chemistry

Summary

Papers or Work Referenced/Used Ramos, M.C., Jones, G.V. and J.A. Martínez-Casasnovas (2008): Structure and trends in climate

parameters affecting winegrape production in northeast Spain. Climate Research, 38:1-15. Jones, G.V., M. Moriondo, B. Bois, A. Hall, and A. Duff. (2009): Analysis of the spatial climate

structure in viticulture regions worldwide. Le Bulletin de l'OIV 82(944,945,946):507-518. Jones, G.V, Duff, A.A., Hall, A., and J. Myers (2010). Spatial analysis of climate in winegrape

growing regions in the western United States. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 61:313-326.

Jones, G.V. and F. Alves (2012). Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in Portugal. Proceedings of the 9th International Terroir Congress, 25-29 June, 2012, Burgundy and Champagne, France. Volume1: pp 3:1-4.

Ramos, M.C., Jones, G.V., and J. Yuste (2015). Spatial and temporal variability of cv. Tempranillo phenology and grape quality within the Ribera del Duero DO (Spain) and relationships with climate. International Journal of Biometeorology, 59: 1849-1860. DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-0992-z

Ramos, M.C., Jones, G.V., and J. Yuste (2015). Phenology and grape ripening characteristics of cv Tempranillo within the Ribera del Duero designation of origin (Spain): Influence of soil and plot characteristics. European Journal of Agronomy, 70: 57-70, DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2015.07.009

Fraga, H., Santos, J.A., Malheiro, A.C., Oliveira, A.A., Moutinho-Pereiraa, J. and G. V. Jones (2016). Climatic suitability of Portuguese grapevine varieties and climate change adaptation. International Journal of Climatology, 36: 1–12. DOI: 10.1002/joc.4325

Jones, G.V. and M.C. Ramos (2016). Spatial Analysis of Climate in Winegrape Growing Regions in Spain. In preparation.

http://www.sou.edu/envirostudies/faculty/jones.html

Thank You! Gregory V. Jones Director: Business, Communication and the Environment Professor: Environmental Science and Policy