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A Comparison of Retinal Fundus Cameras
Users Survey Results
TERRY W. GEORGE, RBP, SALVATORE A. D' ANNA
The purpose of this paper is to present the different models of fundus cameras available on the current market. Included is a users survey for which 775 questionnaires were sent to ophthalmic photographers for evaluation of their equipment. A total of 394 questionnaires were returned. Possible bias in the users survey was decreased by excluding eight of the returned questionnaires that indicated proprietary interests. Thirty-two photographers reported that they used two or more camera systems. The survey results do not include all of the cameras that are currently available; only the camera models for which evaluations were returned.
Some of the returned questionnaires listed cost as one of the best or worst features of a particular system. However, this survey reflects only the technical data supplied by the users, as cost may not reflect the quality of a system. The authors have taken into consideration the fact that the manufacturers of fundus cameras are continuously striving to update their products and realize that upon publication of this article newer models may be available. The authors wish to note that neither has any proprietary interest in the development or marketing of any fundus camera system and to be as objective as possible, they did not contribute to the technical data.
211 RETINOPHOT
Manufacturer:
aus Jena (Seiler Instrument & Manufacturing Co, Inc.) 170 E. Kirbham Ave. St. Louis, Missouri 63119 TVVX 910-760-1658
From The Wilmer Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Marylland.
80
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
$15,430
40°,29°, 14.5°
1.9x 2.6x 5.3x
45 mm
Yes Yes 500 Joules
Yes
Yes Yes
CANON CF 60 ZA
Manufacturer:
Canon U.S.A., Inc. One Canon Plaza, Lake Success Long Island, New York 11040 Phone (516) 488-6700
$18,950 with tilt 60° to 20° zoom 1.7-5.0x
45 mm
Yes No 300 ws
Yes
Yes Yes optional Focusing aid split lines in the range of -2 to +15 diopters
81
82 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output:
Data recording for fluorescein angiogram:
Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price:
Field of view of retina:
CANON CF-60 S
Manufacturer:
Canon U.S.A., Inc. One Canon Plaza, Lake Success Long Island, New York 11040 Phone (516) 488-6700
$14,500 60° 1.7x
45 mm
Yes
No
300 ws
Yes
Yes
Yes optional
Focusing aid split lines in the range of -12 to +15 diopters
COHERENT FUNDUS I
Manufacturer:
Coherent Medical Division 3270 West Bayshore Road, P.O. Box 10122 Palo Alto, California 94303 Phone (415) 858-2250
$14,500 45°, 30°, 20°
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Photographic magnification for 35 mm:
Working distance (front of lens to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic · compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram:
Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
1.7x 2.5x 3.7x
45 mm
Yes
No 300 ws
Yes
Yes
Yes
KOWA He-X
Manufacturer:
Kowa Optimed, Inc. 2001 S. Vermont Avenue Torrance, California 90502 Phone (213) 327-1913 Telex: W.U. 687-345
$7,000
45°, 30°, 20°
1.7x 2.5x 3.7x
45 mm
Yes
No 50 ws
Yes
Yes optional
83
84 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
IOWA RCXF
Manufacturer:
Kowa Optimed, Inc. 2001 S. Vermont Avenue Torrance, California 90502 Phone (213) 327-1913 Telex: W.U. 687-345
$10,000
45°, 30°,20°
1.7x 2.5x 3.7x
45 mm
Yes No 150 ws
Yes
Yes Yes optional
IOWA RCXV
Manufacturer:
Kowa Optimed, Inc. 2001 S. Vermont Avenue Torrance, California 90502 Phone (213) 327-1913 Telex: W.U. 687-345
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram:
Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
$13,500 45°, 30°, 20° 1.7x 2.5x 3.7x
45 mm
Yes No 300 ws
Yes
Yes Optional
NIKON RETINAPAN 45-11
Manufacturer:
Nikon Inc, Instrument Division 623 Stewart Avenue Garden City, New York 11530 Phone (516) 222-0200 Telex: 967806
$13,500 45° With adapter 45°, 30°, 20° 1.7 at 45°
41 mm
Yes No 200 ws
Yes
Yes Yes
85
86 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
:~=-':----=.-
----~-.. _---
NIION NFC-&O
Manufacturer:
Nikon Inc, Instrument Division 623 Stewart Avenue Garden City, New York 11530 U.S.A. Phone (516) 222-0200 Telex: 967806
$18,500
60 0 , 90 0 with accessory lens
1.1x @ 60 0
35 mm
Yes
No 500 ws
Yes optional
Yes
Yes
OL YMPUS GRC-&
Manufacturer:
Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. San-EI Building Nishi Shin Juku 1-Chrome Shin JuKu-Ku Tokyo, Japan
Distributor:
Olympus Corporation 4 Nevada Drive New Hyde Park, New York 11042
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Not available in U.S.A. 28 0 '
2.6x
70 mm
Yes No 400 ws
Yes
Yes
No
TOPCON TRC-JE
Manufacturer:
Topcon Instrument Corporation of America 65 West Century Road Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Phone (201) 261-9450 Telex: 134338
$4,450
30 0
2.34X
45 mm
Yes No 100 ws
Timer
Yes No
87
88 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to e,e): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: In~tant photograph, capablllt,: Vertical tilt adjustment:
TOPCON TRC-FE
Manufacturer:
Topcon Instrument Corporation of America 65 West Century Road Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Phone (201) 261-9450 Telex: 134338
$6,850 30 0
2.34X
45 mm
Yes No 300 ws
Yes
Yes optional Optional
TOPCON TRC-W
Manufacturer:
Topcon Instrument Corporation of America 65 West Century Road Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Phone (201) 261-9450 Telex:134338
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): .
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability:
$10,580; $12,450 with tilt 45°, 30°,20° 1.7x 2.5x 3.7x
45 mm
Yes No 300 ws
Yes
Yes Optional
TOPCON TRC-50Y
Manufacturer:
Topcon Instrument Corporation of America 65 West Century Road Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Phone (201) 261-9450 Telex:134338
$12,450 with vertical tilt 50°, 35°, 20° 1.7x 2.5x 3.7x
45 mm
Yes Yes 300 ws
Yes
Yes
89
90 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
..
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment: Binocular observation:
Price:
Field of view of retina:
ZEISS FK30; FK30 WITH TILT AND SBOfF POWER SUPPLY
Manufacturer:
Carl Zeiss, Inc. 444 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10018 Phone (212) 736-6070
FK·30
$13,000 30° 2.5x
40 mm
Yes
No
Pulsed quality light source
Yes
Yes
Yes optional
Yes
ZEISS FC50
Manufacturer:
Carl Zeiss, Inc. 444 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10018 Phone (212) 736-6070
$35,000 50°, 30°
FK·30 with Tilt and SBG/F Power Supply
$17,000 30° 2.5X
40 mm
Yes
No
720 ws
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Photographic magnification for 35 mm:
Working distance (front of lens to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram:
Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment: Binocular observation: Simultaneous stereo
photography:
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
1.5X/2.5X
50 mm
Yes Yes
720 ws
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes Yes
Specialty Cameras
CANON CR2-45NMA-NON-MYDRIATIC
Manufacturer:
Canon U.S.A., Inc. One Canon Plaza, Lake Success Long Island, New York 11042 Phone (516) 488-6700
$11,450
45° 1.8x
45 mm
Yes
No 300 ws
Yes
Optional
No
91
92 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
Price:
Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm:
Working distance (front of lens to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram:
Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
TRC NW2 NON-MYDRIATIC
Manufacturer:
Topcon Instrument Corporation of America 65 West Century Road Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Phone (201) 261-9450 Telex: 134338
$11,500 45° 1.6x
45 mm
Yes
No
300 ws
Yes
Yes
No
"DOCUSTAR"-NON-MYDRIATIC
Manufacturer:
A.D. Scientific Instruments Eggert and Seegor, P.O. Box 123 Buffalo, New York 14246 Phone: (800) 828-7163
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Price: Photographic magnification:
Field of view: Diopter correction: Maximum flash: Instant photography: Working distance: External fluorescein:
Price: Three aspherical lenses:
Photographic film: illumination exposure: Three shutter speeds: F-number: Foot switch electromagnetic
operation
Price: Field of view of retina:
$3,000
7x Recording 5x Viewing
18° + -20 Diopter
30 ws
779 Polaroid Professional 2 mm
2 expo/print
ALCON OP Manufacturer:
Asahi Optical Co., Japan
Distributor:
Surgical Products Division Alcon Laboratories, Inc. Fort Worth Texas, 76101 P.O. Box 1959 Phone (817) 293-0450
$2,695
15, Diopter with 4x mag. 20, Diopter with 3x mag. 20, Diopter with 2x mag. 110 cartridge
6V, lOW
1/45, 1/60, 1/90 sec. 5.3 at infinity
IOWA RC-2 Manufacturer:
Kowa Optimed, Inc. 2001 S. Vermont Avenue Torrance, California 90502 Phone (213) 327-1913 Telex: 687-345
$3,000 30°
93
94 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
Photographic magnification for 35 mm:
Working distance (front of lens to eye):
Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
Price:
Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram:
Instant photography capability: Vertical tilt adjustment:
2.68x
10 mm
No
No 50 ws
No
No No
POMERANTZEFF EQUATOR PLUS CAMERA Manufacturer:
Medical Instrument Research Associates, Inc. 87 Rumford Avenue, Woltham, MA 02154 Phone (617) 894-2200 Telex: 94-0533 Cable "MIRACO"
Without electronic flash: $25,500 With electronic flash: $31,500 >Non Contact 127°, >contact 148°
No
No Optional
Optional
No
GEORGE AND D'ANNA • RETINAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Price: Field of view of retina: Photographic magnification for
35 mm: Working distance (front of lens
to eye): Diopter compensation: Astigmatic compensation: Electronic flash source
maximum output: Data recording for fluorescein
angiogram: Instant photography capability:
Vertical tilt adjustment: Simultaneous stereo
photography
TOPCON THC-55
Manufacturer:
Topcon Instruments Corporation of America 65 West Century Road Paramus, New Jersey 07652 Phone (201) 261-9450 Telex: 134338
$13,950
30° 2,56x
45 mm
Yes
No 300 ws
Yes timer
No
No
95
USERS COMMENTS ON MAJOR OPERATING FEATURES OF FUNDUS CAMERA SYSTEMS
# of Make and Model Replies Best Features Worst Features Improvement Needed
aus JENA Binocular Viewing Maneuverability, especially Internal fixation, table and RETINOPHOT II vertical movements chin rest to accomodate
wheelchair and stout patients
CANON 60 CF ZA 30 Optics, wide field 60°, Large pupil opening Better fixation light, table variable zoom, split line required, awkward filter and chin rest to focusing aid system, placement of accomodate wheelchairs
barrier filter, image and stout patients quality poor at 20°, service
KOWA RC II 10 Portability Optics, stability, focusing, Improve optics small distance to cornea
KOWA RC XV 39 Ease of operation, auto Optics, central artifact in Astigmatic control + exposure control, . color slides, large pupil
KOWA RCW 8 variable magnification, opening required, foot cordless camera backs, pedal placement, fixation good viewing light for light fluorescein, wheelchair accessability
NIKON RETINAPAN 4 Optics, wide angle 45°, Large pupil opening Improve tilt mechanism 45 II reliability of camera required, fixation light,
back & motor drives placement of barrier filter
OL YMPUS (NOT 2 Optics, reliability Narrow depth of field Vertical tilt mechanism MARKETED IN USA)
POMERANTZEFF 4 Extreme wide angle Corneal contact system, Brighter viewing light, EQUATOR·PLUS optics, focusing faster recycle time for
flash
TOPCON TRC·F 58 Cost, reliability, ease of Optics, fixation light Astigmatism correction, SERIES operation improved film backs
TOPCON W SERIES 51 Variable angle, ease of Fixation light, barrier Table and chin rest to operation, focusing placement, optics, large accomodate wheelchair
pupil opening required and stout patients, astigmatism correction
TOPCON TRC 50 3 Auto exposure control, small pupil device, astigmatism correction, optics
TOPCON SS Binocular viewing Excess cables, viewing light
CARL ZEISS FFI, 175 Optics, astigmatism Excess cables, film backs Camera trigger built into FFII, FFIII correction small pupil and motor drives, joystick, service (DISCONTINUED) size needed, ease of instant photographic improvement,
operation, stereo system, poor table and dissapointed with this separator, reliability, chinrest for wheelchair camera being filter mechanism and stout patients discontinued
RE
TIN
AL
CA
ME
RA
SU
RV
EY
RE
SUL
TS
Num
ber
of r
epli
es
30
8 39
10
4
2 4
58
51
3 17
5 fo
r th
is s
yste
m
Ave
rage
age
of
3.0
1.7
4.7
1.1
7.0
3.5
6.5
4
.0
5.2
2.8
0.5
4.0
9.5
syst
em (
year
s)
Ave
rage
num
ber
of
12.0
11
.0
19.0
11
.8
0.0
15
.0
7.0
1.67
10
.2
13.4
5 16
.6
0.0
20.0
fl
uore
scei
ns w
eekl
y
Ave
rage
num
ber
of
173
280
160
26
450
68
75
129
260
217
72
300
colo
r sl
ides
wee
kly
G>
m
Ave
rage
num
ber
of
0 F
undu
s ca
mer
a 2.
0 0.
83
1.6
0. 8
8 1.
57
0.8
3 1.
57
2.00
1.
18
1.90
1.
00
1.00
1.
67
:D
G>
brea
kdow
ns p
er y
ear
m
Opt
ical
: 0.
0 0.
50
1.16
0.
68
0.0
0.5
0 0.
0 0.
0 0.
25
0.46
0.
0 0.
0 0
.14
» M
echa
nica
l:
0.0
0.20
2.
35
0.90
1.
00
0.2
0 1.
00
1.67
0
.96
0.71
0.
0 0.
0 0
.84
Z
0 E
lect
rica
l:
2.0
0. 9
5 1.
87
0.0
1.
14
0.9
5 1.
40
1.00
0.
71
0.62
1.
00
1.00
1.
26
0
Sati
sfie
d w
ith
l>
100%
83
.3%
75
%
64%
70
%
100%
10
0%
50%
82
.7%
82
.3%
10
0%
92%
Z
pe
rfor
man
ce:
Yes
Z
» W
ould
you
pur
chas
e 10
0%
46.6
%
37.5
%
61.5
%
70%
10
0%
100%
25
%
48%
74
.5%
10
0%
80%
th
is s
yste
m a
gain
? Y
es
• T
he i
tem
s be
low
are
rat
ed o
n a
scal
e fr
om 1
to
5,
1 be
ing
Poo
r an
d 5
Exc
elle
nt.
The
num
bers
ref
lect
an
aver
age
from
all
resp
onse
s fo
r ea
ch s
yste
m.
:D
m
:::l
Ove
rall
opti
cal
qual
ity
3.00
4
.19
4.00
3.
58
2;88
4.
67
4.00
2.
50
3.66
3.
73
4.67
4.
58
Z »
Opt
ical
qua
lity
at
60°
4
.89
r ""T1
Opt
ical
qua
lity
at
45°
4(40
°)
4.04
4.
50
4.03
4
.75
4.11
5
(50
°)'
" C
Z
Opt
ical
qua
lity
at
30°
3. 0
0 3.
11
3.60
3.
55
3.14
5.
00
' 3.
92
3.83
5
(35
°)'
• 4.
00
4.50
0 C
en
Opt
ical
qua
lity
at
20°
2.6
5
3.60
2.
81
3(15
°)
4.00
" 2.
90
4.00
" ()
» Q
uali
ty o
f ph
otog
raph
y ~
thro
ugh
a m
:D
2-
4mm
pup
il:
1.00
1.
15
2.60
2.
21
1.22
1.
75
2.50
1.
50
1.72
1.
87
1.00
3
.05
» 5·
6mm
pup
il:
4.0
0 2.
37
3.70
3
.65
2.33
3.
50
3.00
2.
25
3.40
3.
36
4.33
4.
00
4.3
6 en
7·
8mm
pup
il:
5.0
0
4.96
4.
60
4.38
3.
33
5.00
3.
50
3.25
3.
92
4.64
5.
00
5.00
4
.77
Eas
e of
ove
rall
3.27
3.
85
4.02
4
.06
3.0
0 4.
06
2.84
3.
35
3.65
3
.76
4.67
4.
44
4.1
3 m
echa
nica
l op
erat
ion
Eas
e of
use
of
1.14
4.
25
1.32
1.
50
1.50
1.
50
2.67
1.
28
1.02
1.
00
1.00
3.
73
exte
rnal
fix
atio
n de
vice
Eas
e of
use
of
1.00
4
.00
3.42
3
.50
1.0
0'
3.18
2.
77
4.0
0 5.
00
3.0
9 in
tern
al f
ixat
ion
devi
ce
opt.
Qua
lity
of
inst
ant
1.00
4
.23
3.25
3.
70
4. 0
0 4.
00"
3.26
3.
38
4.6
7 3.
07
phot
ogra
phic
im
age
Eas
e of
use
of
inst
ant
4.00
3.
50
4.43
3
.00
3
.00
' 2.
85
3.39
4.
67
2.55
ca
mer
a at
tach
men
t
Serv
ice
is pr
ompt
3.
00
4.26
4.
00
3.39
3.
50
4.7
5 3.
50
2.67
3
.71
3.26
2.
00
3.2
6
Serv
ice
is ef
fect
ive
4.00
4
.42
3.9
0 3
.44
3.50
5.
00
3
.50
2.67
3.
26
3.3
9 2.
00
3.67
*1
rep
ly
··2
rep
lies
\0
-.J
98 OPHTHALMOLOGY • INSTRUMENT AND BOOK SUPPLEMENT 1983
DISCUSSION
The retinal fundus camera is an indispensable tool for the ophthalmologist for documentation of the ocular fundi. There are numerous models available on the market today, with no one fundus camera best suited for all applications. They vary in cost, size, angle of view, magnification, and optical quality. There are also differences in mechanical soundness, ease of use, automatic features, and gadgetry.
Many of the fundus camera features may be reviewed from the above listings, but a prospective purchaser will
be well advised to inspect personally such features as convenience of control placement, optical and mechanical quality, and overall ease of use.
When reviewing the users survey, one should take into consideration the number of replies received for each system, for only a few replies may not (eflect a true evaluation of an instrument.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors wish to thank Ms. Cheryl Aver for assistance in the statistical analysis of the users survey.