A comparative research between the personal pronouns in Romanian and Chinese

7/25/2019 A comparative research between the personal pronouns in Romanian and Chinese

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Title: A comparative research between the personal

pronouns in Romanian and Chinese

0 DAIAN DANUT NELU

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2015 10


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Abstract

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the morphological forms, syntactic

functions, pragmatic functions, anaphoric and cataphoric functions and honorific functions ofpersonal pronouns in Romanian and Chinese. In order to do so, it uses theories and methods

from comparative linguistics, cognitive pragmatics, functional linguistics and

sociolinguistics.

The first chapter describes the object of study, which is the personal pronoun and its

definition in detail. Moreover, this paper has also classified the personal pronouns in

Romanian and Chinese, help to solve some key grammatical problems and presents the

research situation of the personal pronoun in Chinese and Romanian. It also states what thepurpose and significance of this research is, as well as the corpus sources.

The second chapter focuses mainly on the forms of the personal pronoun. Firstly, the

pronoun has two forms: independent and dependent. We can only talk about independent

forms in Chinese, but Romanian has both these forms. The personal pronoun both in

Romanian and Chinese has number and person paradigms, but we can talk about gender

paradigm in Romanian as well. Due to the agreement between the pronoun and the verb in

Romanian we have variation with respect to case. Pronouns in Chinese dont modify their

form so we cannot talk about agreement here.

The third chapter analyses the syntactic functions of the personal pronouns in Chinese

and Romanian and examines the results of the statistics made on Red Sorghum. The

syntactic functions analyzed are Subject, Object and Attribute. According to the statistics

made, we can observe that the Subject in Chinese is more frequent that the one in Romanian.

This is due to the fact that in Romanian we have agreement between the verb and the

pronoun, thus we dont need to use the pronoun for further clarification. When it comes to

Object, we can notice a huge difference from the Subject, especially when we talk about the

third person pronoun (it appears 4218 times in Romanian and only 323 times in Chinese).

This difference is due to the fact that both the Subject and the Attribute in Chinese, appear as

Objects in the Romanian translation. Furthermore, Romanian has got the repetition of the

unaccentuated forms of the personal pronoun, which has already become a convention

between speakers of Romanian. When we talk about the attribute, we can argue that the

difference that occurs between Romanian and Chinese is not that significant, although

Romanian usually uses zero forms for the first person Attribute, due to agreement.


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The fourth chapter focuses on the pragmatic function of the personal pronouns. We shall

talk here about the marked and unmarked personal pronouns in Chinese and Romanian. The

marked usage of the personal pronoun expresses a very subjective and emphatic view, but

there are differences in usage in different languages. Main differences occur with thevariations in number, person, virtual reference and discourse makers. Due to one or more

linguistic phenomena are unique for Chinese or Romanian, it reflects the different

characteristics between these two languages. Anaphora in Romanian and Chinese has some

similarities, but there also some differences. In Romanian we can talk about both anaphora

and cataphora but this is not the case in Chinese, as cataphora is rarely used. Chinese and

Romanian preceding items are two kinds of subject and object. The difference in its usage is

due to the position of the item it refers to.

The fifth chapter analyses the usage of the honorific form of the personal pronoun in

Chinese and Romanian. The honorific usage has different characteristics in different

languages. The first person personal pronoun in both Chinese and Romanian doesnt have

honorific form. The second person personal pronoun has different characteristics in Chinese

and Romanian. In Romanian the honorific pronoun has two levels of respect, thus we can talk

about an opposition system between "generic - respectful and honorific", but we do not have

the respectful form in Chinese. The third person personal pronoun in Chinese has no

honorific form but the one in Romanian has. In Romanian dialects the third person has two

different forms depending on the level of respect, but it only has one form in modern

Romanian, thus, the third person in Romanian differs between its generic form and honorific

form.

Keywords: Chinese-Romanian comparative research, Personal Pronoun, Syntactic

Function, Morphological meaning, Honorific usage


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2003--

2013--

2002- 1-

2008--

1992--

2011--

2008--9

1990- 1-

1985--

2010--

2013---

1980--1982--

1999--9

2015-

2000--- 1

2004--- 6 3 236- 247

-

1996-95-- 1

2013----

29 3

2012-self---

2009--- 1


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2008---

-15-17

1997--9- 6

1990-- 5

Petcharat Prasittiarpa2012----

2006---

1995- -

2014--

315-63-65-

2003--- 24 1 12 106110

2008---- 25- 2

2011--:--

1982--

1980--

2013---

2009---

2012---

2009--9-9

2013---

2008---

2011---

2008---

2009---

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1st person singular 1SG 51st person plural 1PL 5

2nd person singular 2SG 2nd person plural 2PL 3rd person singular 3SG 3rd person plural 3PL 2nd person singular polite 2sPOL 2nd person plural polite 2pPOL 3rd person singular polite 3sPOL 3rd person plural polite 3pPOL accusative ACC adverb ADV adjectivizer ADJV

agreement AGR 5conjunction CONJ /dative DAT demonstrative DEM direct object DO feminine F genitive GEN imperfect IMPF indirect object IO imperfective IPFV masculine M

nominative NOM object OBJ

perfect PERF plural PL polite POL past participle PP preposition PREP present PRES recent past RCPAST reflexive pronous RM subject SB/SBJ

singular SG vocative VOC

Documents

A comparative research between the personal pronouns in Romanian and Chinese