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A Comparative Analysis of Centrosome and Soma Migration in Neurons
Rachel BoernerCalvin College
Richard WardComputational Sciences and Engineering
Ryan KerekesMeasurement Science and Systems Engineering
August 2009
2 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Overview
• Background
• Previous work
• Methods
• Results
• Future work
3 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Neuron structure
• Basic structures
• Somas
• Axons
• Dendrites
• Centrosomeshttp://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/definitions/def-neuron.html
AxonSoma
Dendrites
Actual images of cerebral neurons
4 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Neuron function and migration
• Function determines structure
• Migrate
http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php
Migrating neuron along radial glial cell
http://glia-uab.infomedia.com/content.asp?id=104968
Examples of different neuron structures based on their function
5 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital
• Neurons migrate during the utero stage or early years of development
• Abnormal neuron migration has been linked to certain diseases
• St. Jude’s interested in tracking the neurons for diagnostic purposes
• Images taken with a Marianas spinning disk confocal microscope
Hundreds of images waiting to be manually analyzed Weeks to go through one data set
6 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory• Centrosome detection
and tracking• Filter• Threshold• Search for small,
round, bright objects• Use joint
probabilistic data association filter
(above) A three dimensional plot of centrosome movement in the x-, y-, and z-directions.
(above) The right image shows the detections made by Ryan's code. The left image is those detections locations superimposed on the original image.
7 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Current Work
Different color schemes show more details
8 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Method
• Attempted method• Gradient and fill
• Centroid
(left) An image after a rotationally symmetric Gaussian lowpass filter is applied. (center) The image after thresholding for intensity and distance from the center of an object. (right) The segmentation of the somas based on regions being larger than a certain radius.
• Actual method
• Euclidean transform equation
• Thresholding
Sequence of attempted code for soma segmentation
9 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Results• Analyzed visually• See random motion
• Centrosomes move at an average speed of 0.1 μm
• Somas move at an average speed of 0.03 μm
• Not much correlation between soma and centrosome migration
Chemicals inhibited cell motion
Centrosome and soma pairs are difficult to match
(below) This graph is the plot of the motion of the soma throughout the various timeframes. Each pixel corresponds to 0.15 μm.
(above) The graphs are 3D images of the detections and tracks of somas and centrosomes. The red marks the soma tracks and the blue corresponds to the centrosome tracks. The images were taken ever 16 seconds.
10 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Conclusion• Developed code for soma segmentation
• Detected no correlation between soma and centrosome motion
• Analyze neuron migration in three dimensions• Study and track actin movement• Recognize patterns of behavior between neuron
migration and specific diseases• Build techniques for the alteration or prevention of
abnormal neuron migration
Future Work
11 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Bibliography
R. A. Kerekes, S. S. Gleason, N. Trivedi, and D. J. Solecki, “Automated 3-D tracking of centrosomes in sequences of confocal image stacks,” submitted to EMBC `09, Minneapolis, 2009.
"Neuron." Serendip. 2003. 20 July 2009 <http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/definitions/neuron1.gif&imgrefurl=http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/kinser/definitions/def-neuron.html&usg=__sDy8e5q728xNzj7>.
McCoy, Eric. "Glia as Guides for Neuronal Migration,." UAB Center for Glial Biology in Medicine. UAB. 22 July 2009 <http://glia-uab.infomedia.com/content.asp?id=113339>.
"ORNL, St. Jude track neurons to predict and prevent disease." The Oak Ridger, 30 March 2009, sec. A3.
Stufflebeam, Robert. "Neurons, Synapses, Action Potentials, and Neurotransmission." Consortium on Cognitive Science Instruction. 2008. The Mind Project. 22 July 2009 <http://www.mind.ilstu.edu/curriculum/neurons_intro/neurons_intro.php>.
12 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Acknowledgements
• I would like to thank Richard Ward and Ryan Kerekes for the opportunity to work on this project.
• Also, thanks to Debbie McCoy, who made provisions for this research experience.
13 Managed by UT-Battellefor the U.S. Department of Energy
Questions?