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Life Lines at Lake VictoriaA communications project executed by
Zain, Ericsson and GSMA Development Fund
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ContEntS
ContEntS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
EXECUtIVE SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
tHE LAKE VICtoRIA PRoJECt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
ContEXt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
PRoJECt DESCRIPtIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
BACKGRoUnD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
IMPLEMEntAtIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
SUMMARY AnD RECoMMEnDAtIonS . . . . . . . 10
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EXECUtIVE SUMMARY
The Lake Victoria Project is a joint project between
the Zain Group, Ericsson and the GSMA Development
Fund implemented in conjunction with the National
Lake Rescue Institute (NLRI). The primary aim of the
project is to enable improved safety on Lake Victoria
but it will also play a major role in fostering economic
growth in the Lake Victoria basin. The project covers
the three East African countries Kenya, Tanzania and
Uganda. The Project was based on the East African
Community (EAC) finding, that a self-sustaining GSM
based maritime communication solution would be the
optimal technology to implement. The Lake Victoria
Project includes extending the mobile network coverage
of the three East African States and delivering a proof of
concept for a safety and security initiative. The coverage
will comprise the area of the lake where 80 percent of
fishing activities take place, allowing communication and
SMS exchange to and from phones.
MAIn ACHIEVEMEntS: • An extension to Zain’s existing telecom
infrastructure, by installing an additional 21 new
mobile sites in Uganda and Tanzania. The coverage
comprises the area of the lake where 80 percent
of fishing activities take place and the majority of
navigation-related accidents occur.
• Ericsson hybrid- and solar solutions are being used
where access to the electricity grid is limited or
nonexistent. These solutions use a special battery
that can take an increased number of charges,
cutting diesel consumption by 50 percent and
resulting in smaller environmental footprint and
reduced costs.
• Data connectivity using EDGE technology allows
implementation of Value Added Services, such as
e-mail, money transfer and market billboards.
• A mobile network equipped with Ericsson Mobile
Positioning system enables the location of
emergency calls, to support Search and Rescue
services (SAR).
• A 110 rescue number reserved for Lake Victoria
Maritime emergency communication. An
Emergency Command and Control product from
Ericsson was deployed to handle emergency
response.
• A Search and Rescue service model tailored for the
Great Lakes region developed and tested by the
National Lake Rescue Institute (NLRI).
SUPPoRtED AREAS: • An education and accident prevention program
used at the fish landing sites reducing accidents on
the lake.
• A life vest designed and manufactured using local
material only. It is cheaper and more reliable than
imported models, which is a key factor for it to be
used.
• A cost effective model providing Safety, Health,
Communication, Banking, Environmental and
Resource Management at the Lake Victoria.
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tHE LAKE VICtoRIA PRoJECtContEXtLake Victoria, which covers an area of approximately
68,800 km, has 3,700 km of coast line and includes
numerous islands, of which about 200 are inhabited.
Lake Victoria is the second largest lake in the world with
nearly 200,000 fishermen and 35 million people living
along its borders. Over 700,000 tonnes of fish is fished
annually, worth US$400 million. 51% of the lake falls
within Tanzanian territory and 6% within Kenyan territory
and 43% within Ugandan territory. There are some large
urban areas that border the lake but for the most part
you will only find small villages and landing sites, popu-
lated by fishing communities. Fishing is normally carried
out in small wooden boats with two to three fishermen
where of 65% operate with no engine. According to
a 2007 survey from Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisa-
tion (LVFO) a 200% growth of small-engined boats is
seen. Whether fishing activities are carried out dur-
ing the day or night, deep into the lake or close to the
shore, depends on the type of fish that is being caught.
This determines what method is used for catching the
fish. According to Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization
(LVFO), there are over 50,000 registered fishing boats
on the lake, of which 16,500 originates in Uganda.
The Lake is also extensively used for transport and
trade purposes. There are a few big ferries, transport
boats and oil tankers, but most of the goods transport-
ed between landing sites is carried out by big, open,
wooden motorized boats (between 4 and 10 tons).
Weather conditions can change suddenly and strong
winds can occur without much warning. Boats are often
overloaded, most people can’t swim and buoyancy or
life saving equipment is not easily available. As a result
many lives are lost due to drowning in the lake (estimat-
ed 5,000 deaths per year). Data collected by National
Lake Rescue Institute (NLRI) shows that for every fisher-
man that dies, on average four to five dependants are
left behind without an income.
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In this context, mobile communication has a great po-
tential to make a difference.
reduce loss of life:
• GSM, with 46% subscriptions in Sub-Saharan Africa,
is the optimal technology for connectivity on the
lake, requiring investment limited to the integration
of search and rescue technology. Avoidance of
casualties is dependent on both a sustainable
network for communication and a well functioning
Search and Rescue operation (SAR).
improve socio-economic welfare:
• Mobile connectivity has been found to improve the
local communities’ business possibilities when used
as a tool for micro business related to telecom, such
as battery charge sales.
• Value added services enable sellers and buyers to
find each other which could be used for both goods
and labor.
• SMS services like commodity price updates, weather
alerts and money transfers.
• Data network service that can be used by e.g. health
organizations to conduct surveys and collect data
with minimized loss of quality and time to analysis.
stimulate sustainable green activities:
• Mobile networks can be powered by carbon-neutral
power solutions, such as solar and wind.
• Information, data collection and surveys related to
sustainable strategies could be disseminated through
the network, promoting a more sustainable fishing
industry.
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PRoJECt DESCRIPtIonBACKGRoUnDIn 2005 the East African Community and Swedish
International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA)
commissioned a technical feasibility study carried out
by Scanbi Invest. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate and recommend a technology for a maritime
communications system for Lake Victoria. The main
recommendations of the study were to implement the
following:
• A GSM network adapted to meet the special mari-
time requirements. GSM was selected as the most
optimal technology in this environment for multiple
reasons. One important element being the limited
investment required for the many potential users of
the network on the lake in comparison with other
technologies.
• One Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) for all three
countries to perform both the functions of receiving
emergency calls and directing rescue operations.
Because of the clear potential to improve the wellbeing
of thousands of people, because of the important
role to be played by the telecommunications industry
and because of their belief in the viability of the idea,
three key actors in the telecom sector, the GSMA
Development Fund, Ericsson, and Zain mobilized
and launched the implementation of improved mobile
network coverage.
IMPLEMEntAtIon Mobile network coverage
In 2008 the network implementation phase started.
The goal was to deliver an expanded coverage of
Lake Victoria covering those areas where the bulk of
commercial activity took place.
By August 2009, coverage of the Lake Victoria shore by
the Zain mobile network was greatly improved by the
addition of 21 new mobile radio sites. Three of the new
mobile sites are solar powered (island sites off the shore
of Tanzania). There is now lake communication coverage
for the area where about 80% of activity occurs. This
coverage allows for voice and data communication
and services between mobile phone users and other
devices. The network supports data transport through
EDGE and is equipped with a mobile positioning system
aimed to be used for rescue operations.
Pilot of a rescue coordination centre
With the GSM network in place, a proof of concept for a
pilot Rescue Coordination Centre was completed. This
proof of concept included:
• Providing a way to locate emergency calls, i.e. a
positioning system for people in distress.
• Providing a way to connect the emergency call with
the rescue service and to coordinate rescue activities.
• Installing needed applications at the Search and Res-
cue Services centre in Bunga, Uganda.
• Demonstrating a proof of concept end to end rescue
service.
This figure shows the new and existing Zain sites that are part of the Maritime GSM Network.
Rescue Communication overviewSource; Ericsson
Mobile Rescue Unit
Emergency Number
110
GSM Antenna Pqrt of the Lqke Victoriq Maritime NetworkIdentification of the MSISDN (phone number)
Positioning system enablewith CELLID and TA
Person inDistress
Localcommunication
systemVHF
Localcommunication
NLRI HQ
l
RESCUE UNIT
EmergencyOperatoranswering andcoordinating therescueintervention
ZAIN SwitchMPS Server
CoordCom Server
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Zain Inter-country 5STZain Inter-country 5STZain Inter-country 5ST
Kenya
Uganda
Tanzania
Mobile Positioning system
The Mobile Positioning System (MPS) is a corner stone
of the Lake Victoria project. With the GSM network in
place, the system provides crucial information to a vast
panel of services including search and rescue, fleet
movement and tracking.
The network positioning system also supports GPS,
which requires a special handset.
Two technologies for positioning are in use:
• The first one is based on GSM network E-CGI and
CGITA technology and provides fair accuracy using
common mobile phone devices.
• The second one based on A-GPS provides very
accurate information but requires a GPS compatible
handset.
In Uganda 45 sites have been included in the network
positioning system. Every emergency call from a Zain
phone to the 110 number in the area covered by these
antennas will be located. The technology used in
Uganda is E-CGI.
The mobile positioning system is ready and was
demonstrated for rescue purposes in January 2010.
ARCHItECtURE oF MoBILE PoSItIonInG SYStEMThe figure describes the architecture of the system. A
global platform, located in Nairobi, Kenya calculates the
coordinates of an emergency call. On the Zain network,
this platform is the single point of entry to any request
from the three countries and will return the coordinates
of the call.
command and control centre
The main component used to efficiently respond to
an emergency call is the Rescue Command and Con-
trol solution (CoordCom) from Ericsson. The technical
components of the emergency response were trialed by
an end-to-end proof of concept. The equipment needed
has been set up at the National Lake Rescue Institute
(NLRI) Rescue Center in Bunga, Uganda.
The Rescue Command and Control solution is the cen-
tre piece of the emergency response framework, as it is
linked to the 110 emergency number and interfaces with
the network positioning system.
The entire architecture can be consolidated to operate
in multiple geographical sites, as the operational mari-
time emergency response on Lake Victoria.
Source; Ericsson
Mobile Positioning system architecture
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Request for positionof caller
UgandaKenya
MLP Protocol / ELIR, SLIR messages(XML over IP)
SS7
Abis
SS7 Zain Inter-country SS7
BSC MSC
CoordCom
GMPCClusterPSTN
110
43
12
7
SMPC ClusterSS7
6
5
CoordCom controls and co-ordinates the entire chain of
emergency activities, from handling and identifying an
incoming emergency call, to dispatching the Search and
Rescue (SAR) unit to the emergency site. CoordCom also
enables analysis of the emergency effort to improve future
actions.
The figure describes all the components of the proof of
concept. The scope includes the following:
• Receiving an emergency call from a person in danger
at the emergency call centre.
• Visualizing the location of the call on the Command
and Control CoordCom Product
• Launching of the mobile rescue unit.
• Monitoring of the movement of the mobile rescue unit.
The mobile rescue unit will be equipped with a A-GPS
system.
• Interaction with other organizations to provide medical
assistance using the CoordCom multi channel capa-
bilities.
• Closing of the mission when the person has been
rescued.
EMERGEnCY RESPonSE SoLUtIoninterface between all components
The figure describes the detailed communication between
Uganda and Kenya when an emergency call occurs in
Uganda.
Lake Victoria Project – ReportOverall project Description
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4.2.3 Search and rescue services
The NLRI operates a small independent water-borne SAR service and provides lakeside education and training, as well as supporting local entrepreneurial groups at landing sites in Uganda. NLRI is the only independent water-borne SAR service operating on the Great Lakes and rivers of East Africa and is officially recognised by the East African Community (EAC).The NLRI headquarters hosts a training centre, a life jacket manufacturing facility and is alsoused to support education and flotation programmes.
The NLRI headquarters in Uganda hosted the pilot where all the components of a Rescue Coordination Centre operation model for the Great Lakes region were tested.
4 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This is the final report for the connectivity implementation and search and rescue technology and capability demonstration. As the targets were delivered, the project was closed March 1st
2010. This project report and a separate document outlining a possible expansion and operations of a Lake Wide search and rescue system forms the basis for a next Phase. We welcome this deliverable and findings to be used for further refinement and creation of asustainable search and rescue operation at Lake Victoria. The findings are also applicable to other waterways lacking search and rescue systems.
The partner recommendation for next step includes:• Secure funding or a business model for a sustainable operational organization for
search and rescue at Lake Victoria.• Expand the search and rescue concept to provide rescue capabilities in as large area
of Lake Victoria as possible.• Connect the search and rescue organization with water- and environmental training
for people living at the lake.
search and rescue services
The NLRI operates a small independent water-borne
SAR service and provides lakeside education and
training, as well as supporting local entrepreneurial
groups at landing sites in Uganda. NLRI is the only
independent water-borne SAR service operating on the
Great Lakes and rivers of East Africa and is officially
recognized by the East African Community (EAC).
The NLRI headquarters hosts a training centre, a life
jacket manufacturing facility and it is also used to
support education and flotation programs.
The NLRI headquarters in Bunga, Uganda hosted
the pilot where all the components of a Rescue
Coordination Centre operation model for the Great
Lakes region were tested.
emergency response solution overview
Source; Ericsson
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SUMMARY AnD
RECoMMEnDAtIonS
This is the final report for the connectivity implementation and
search and rescue technology and capability demonstration. As
the targets were delivered, the project was closed March 1st
2010. We welcome this report’s findings to be used for further
refinement and creation of a sustainable search and rescue
operation at Lake Victoria. The findings are just as applicable to
other waterways in East Africa and beyond that lack search and
rescue systems.
The partner recommendation for next step includes:
• Secure funding or a business model for a sustainable
operational organization for search and rescue on Lake
Victoria.
• Expand the search and rescue concept to provide rescue
capabilities in as large area of Lake Victoria as possible.
• Connect the search and rescue organization with water-
and environmental training for people living at the lake.
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1
ZAInZain is a leading telecommunications operator across the Middle East
and Africa providing mobile voice and data services to over 72.5 million
active customers as of 31 December 2009 with a commercial presence in
23 countries. Zain is listed on the Kuwait Stock Exchange with a market
capitalisation of over US$20 billion. For more information please visit
www.zain.com
GSMA DEVELoPMEnt FUnDWorking with mobile operators to accelerate mobile solutions for people
living on under US$2 per day. The GSMA Development Fund exists to
accelerate economic, social and environmental development through the
use of mobile technology. We believe that providing tangible, accessible
mobile services to people in developing countries is invaluable to society
and can help improve people’s lives.
LAKE RESCUEThe National Lake Rescue Institute is a non-governmental organization
launched in 2002 as a result of several major accidents and incidents
on Lake Victoria in Africa. Death rate on the waters of Lake Victoria is
estimated to be around 5000 annually. The vision is now to improve the
livelihoods of people in the region through safety and security of all users of
the lake as well as other inland waters, provided by education and training
and an independent search and rescue service among others.
ERICSSonEricsson is the world’s leading provider of technology and services to
telecom operators. Ericsson is the leader in 2G, 3G and 4G mobile
technologies, and provides support for networks with over 2 billion
subscribers and has the leading position in managed services. Working
in 175 countries, Ericsson is advancing its vision of being the “prime
driver in an all-communicating world” through innovation, technology, and
sustainable business solutions.
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