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© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-142
Outline
� Scenarios of interest
� State-of-the-art
� Network of the future vision
� Network of the future requirements
� CommonSense approach
� FP7 SENSEI project overview
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-143
Objects
PAN/BAN
Online Building
Online Vehicles
Sensors, machines, objects...
Smart Places
Opera
PalaceParliament
Intuitive
interaction Intuitive and smart interaction
• Payments and ticketing
• Guidance and smart signs
• Stream redirections
• Keys
• People and gesture recognition
Objects and tags
• Ownership management
• Lost and found
• Item information
• Inventory and shopping list
Smart places
• Route/travel planning
• Building automation
• eGraffiti
• Open embedded services
• Surveillance
With ”Sensor Networking”, we generally consider:
Machine-to-Machine, Mobile-to-Machine, Vehicle-to-Vehicle,
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, In-vehicle, Body Area Networks,
Wireless Sensor Networks, Proximity communication, Object tagging
With ”Sensor Networking”, we generally consider:
Machine-to-Machine, Mobile-to-Machine, Vehicle-to-Vehicle,
Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, In-vehicle, Body Area Networks,
Wireless Sensor Networks, Proximity communication, Object tagging
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-145
• Sensors do the actual sensing
• Data aggregated on the way to a sink
• Sink collects data and communicates with gateways
• Gatewaysprovide mapping between WSN domain protocols and wide area network protocols
• Typical applications
• Military, alarms, security, surveillance,…
• Environmental monitoring, forest fire detection, intelligent agriculture, air quality,…
• Smart buildings, smart spaces, asset tracking and management,…
• Health monitoring, industrial control and monitoring,…
A collection of small nodes
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-146
Built for specific application
� Autonomous installations deployed by one entity
� Built for a specific scenario and specific users in mind
� 1 to 1 relationship– Organizations deploy sensors to satisfy their own need for
information
� Users have prior knowledge – about the existence of the sensor network
– of the type of information a particular sensor network can provide
– the general coverage area of a sensor network
– Means for establishing communication links with sensors (protocol, gateway address, etc.)
� Single application at a time– No time and space sharing
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-147
M2M today...
� ”M2M” is already a well established market
– A number of solutions providers
– Telematics, health-care, metering, monitoring
� Currently enterprise applications
– drivers are cost reduction, efficiency, timeliness,
and safety
� Solutions-oriented with vertical implementations
– proprietary solutions
– re-invention of the wheel across solutions
– resulting in costly solutions holding back market
� Fragmentation
– wide-spread application domain
– dedicated and proprietary technologies
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-149
Vision
� Sensors, actuators and efficiently networked nodes
deployed everywhere and interconnected– Mobile �� Static, Small �� Large WSN
– Deployed by individuals, companies, WSN operators
� Accessible and controllable through a global sensor
and actuator networking framework– Standardised interfaces for interaction with the physical
world
� “Open market“ for interaction with the physical world
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1410
Our focus
� Horizontal solutions– Applicable to and reusable across many different WSN
applications
� Integrate– WSN, actuators, M2M, RFID, NFC,...
� Create sensor mash-ups– Opportunistically– Using atomic sensor services avaialable at a given moment
� Leverage the existing network infrastructure and its services
Applications
Fixed/Mobile
NetworkHome Network
Sensor Network
RFID/NFC
Personal/Body Area Network
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1414
Envisaged scenario – 3
I wonder what are the
traffic conditions on
the route to the city
centre.
Common
framework
Perform a search to identify what
sensors are available on the route
from the user's location to her
destination that can give me an
answer about the traffic conditions.
Looking for car ID
sensors (number of
cars along the route)
and their speed and
information on any
accidents
Discovered
sensors based on
required type and
location
(commercial WSN
and community
WSN)
Send query about the
average speed to all
identified sensor gateways
Response from individual
sensors
Query the
network about
the traffic
Answer sent back
to the user, charge
applied
Analyse and
aggregate an
answer.
Guarantee privacy
and accuracy. Deal
with accounting.
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1416
Related work
� Urban Sensing and MetroSense– Sensing nodes not owned by a small number of central authorities, but by
citizens who carry sensors and contribute data voluntarily via their mobile devices
– Goal is to develop an architecture that will facilitate development of citizen-initiated sensing applications in personal, urban and social domains.
� SensorPlanet– Global research framework on mobile device-centric large scale WSN– Architecture to integrate sensor enhanced mobile phones and devices into
mobile networks and make them available to mobile applications.
� SenseWeb– Common platform and set of tools that will allow easy publication of data
from geographically distributed wireless sensor networks and making useful queries to the live data sources via a web service interface.
� Hourglass – Scalable, robust data collection system to support geographically diverse
sensor network applications– Creates an overlay infrastructure that provides service registration,
discovery, and routing of data streams from sensors to one or more client applications
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1418
Architecture approaches
� Client/Servera.k.a Two Tier architecture
– Very common architecture – Easy to deploy– Foundation of the Web and
much more
� Challenges to C/S– Management: How to
manage many WSNs?– Scalability: Every app has a
link to every WSN?– Security: Where to do AAA?– Service composition:
Mashups which require more computational power than a mobile phone / MID?
� Client/Servera.k.a Two Tier architecture
– Very common architecture – Easy to deploy– Foundation of the Web and
much more
� Challenges to C/S– Management: How to
manage many WSNs?– Scalability: Every app has a
link to every WSN?– Security: Where to do AAA?– Service composition:
Mashups which require more computational power than a mobile phone / MID?
� Middlewarea.k.a Three Tier architecture
– Also popular for distributed applications
– Provides interoperability support by design
– Adds extra complexity to the system
� Following advantages:– Management: central point
to manage WSNs– Scalability: Many-to-many
connections unnecessary– Security: central point
natural place to do AAA– Service composition:
Middleware infrastructure can be as powerful as necessary without mobility requirements
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1419
CommonSense approach
� Open sensor information market
� Reuse of sensors/machines in different applications
� Leveraging existing network solutions
Building Network
PAN/BAN
VehicularRFID/NFC
Open Space
Sensor Network
Fixed/Mobile Network
M2M Enablers
M2M Apps Enriched Apps
Gateways
Sensors, Actuators, WSNs RFID NFC
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1420
M2M and Sensor Networking Ecosystem
MyThings
Request
AnalyzerService
Registry
Gateway
LocationIMS
Gateway
PAN/BAN
RFID/NFC
Mobile Network
EnablersM2M Enablers
3rd party services
Object
Routing
AAA
App App App AppApp
Online Vehicles
Service
Control
Function
Maps
eLBS ...
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1421
Broker and processing functionality
� Narrow convergence waist between– Heterogeneous sensor networks below– Applications with diverse requirements on top
� Provides a set of enablers for all types of applications– Information exchange– Sensor network discovery– Data processing– Aggregation of atomic sensor network services (sensor mash-ups)– Common functions, like average over time and location
� Subsystems– Service Control Function
� Controls interaction with all external parties� Analyzes high level service requests from applications
– Request Analyzer� Decision engine decomposes requests from application to multiple
individual information requests, recomposes aggregated answer– Service Registry
� Database containing registration descriptions of attached WSNs� Available services, access policies and useful query attributes
such as geographical coverage or position
Common
Sense
Applications
Sensor and Actuator
Networks
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1422
Multi-Domain Issues
App
M2ME1
• M2M Service Enablers
(M2MSE) are distributed in
multiple domains:• Interfaces between M2MEs ?
• M2ME functionality ?
• M2ME network transparent to
the Application
• Roaming of users, Sensor
Actuator Network GatewaysGateway Gateway
Gateway
Gateway Gateway
Gateway
Provider 1
Provider 2
Gateway
M2ME2
M2ME3 M2ME4
M2ME5
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1423
CommonSense Requirements
� Global collaboration and sensing
� Scalability & heterogeneity
� Plug & play
� End user service delivery
� Multiple usages
� Security, privacy and trust
� Business models and incentives
� Enhancing existing services
� New traffic models
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1424
Global collaboration and sensing reqs
� Sensor information providers– Individuals, sensors embedded into everyday objects, companies using sensor information to support own business processes, commercial sensor network operators
� Multi-provider environment– Community of providers offering horizontal solutions
� Sensor mash-ups– Individual installations interact, communicate and exchange information
� Open information market – Sensor information shared
– Contributed to community and social services
– Sold to interested parties
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1425
Business models and incentive reqs
� Business solution has to facilitate numerous, small ad-
hoc financial transactions
� Incentives to sensor network owners needed to make
their networks available and accessible– Community and social networks
� Incentive: access to the community/social network
– Commercial application
� Incentive?
– Value of a WSN contribution variable
� Accuracy, location, number of other similar sensors
– Fair remuneration to each WSN involved in providing the
service
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1426
Technology requirements
� End-user side– Mobile Phone must be in the picture
� Information Provider� Information Gateway� Information Consumer
– Intuitive interaction is critical– Service delivery independent of User Equipment
� Communications infrastructure– Reuse mobile network infrastructure enablers where possible
� Location, AAA, IMS, etc.– New network procedures for handling large number of devices
� MSISDN, radio and core network, subscriptions handling, etc.– New traffic models
� System should be resilient to different traffic patterns
� Sensor information services– Harmonization of Information
� Sensor Information� Actuator Information
– Standardization of Information Semantics– Automatic Service Composition
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1427
Technology requirements cont’d
� Operations– Scalability & Heterogeneity
� Number and Type of Sensors Actuators large
– Plug & play� Dynamic system update when sensors appear/disappear
� Multi purpose sensor actuator networks– Avoid vertical silos, re-use sensor data for multiple applications
� Security, privacy and trust– Sensors produce both explicit and implicit information about users
sometime without their consent
– Actuators may harm users
� Enhancing existing services– Enhanced communication services
� e.g. Sensor information transmitted during a phone/video call
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1428
Service Consumer Service Subscriber
Service Provider3rd Party Service Provider
Access Provider
CommonFramework Service Provider
WSN Operator
WSN Provider
A revised business environment- a 10 000 metre perspective
Manages the
sensor network
Provides building block
services, such as location
and tag resolution
Provides
discovery, charging,
Authorization, data
processing and
message delivery
Provides the sensor network and its services
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1429
Modifying the Service Delivery Value Chain
WSN
Provider
Access
Provider
Common framework
System
Provider
3rd Party
Service
Provider
Application
Service
Provider
Service
Consumer
Service
Subscriber
Wanted value chain
Solution
Provider
Access
Provider
Service
Consumer and
Subscriber
Solution
Provider
Current value chain
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1431
System implementationApplication
M2M System
- Servlet within a SIP container
- "wiring" between high and low
level APIs
- multiple GW handling
Mobile phoneLaptop
Laptop Mobile team appHQ
Web services
(Telos motes) (Telos motes)
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1432
Physical Layout
� Each person carries a location sensor (Telos) and an ECG sensor
� LocGW maintains the location of each injured or rescue field team person, (proximity localization system)
� Each mobile phone plays the role of the ECG GW
� Emergency personnel use mobile phones or laptops to get a view of the monitored area
LocGW
ECG
GWB1 B2
B3 B4
B13 B14
15 B16
B5 B6
B7 B8
B9 B10
B11 B12
M2M System
(Croatia)
Cellular
System
Injured
Rescue team
2 logical disjoint networks: (Q1,Q2 ), (Q3,Q4 )
Q1
Q2
Q3 Q4
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1434
Sensei
� Vision: Design and provide a managed environment for “real world
interaction” service providers and consumers
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1435
Scenarios
� Transport
� Smart City
� Building & Home (incl. AMI)
� Asset Management
� Security
� Entertainment
� Healthcare & Well-being
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1436
SENSEI challenges
� Future Internet integration
– Contribute to a scalable system architecture for the Future Internet
considering the special demands of sensor and actuator networks
� Design control and management mechanisms and protocols
– Cost efficient and ensured operation of the future networking and
service infrastructure
– Ensure trust, security and information privacy
– Accountability and billing for access to context information and
actuation services
– Easy convergence and interoperability of heterogeneous WS&AN
within the network of the future by providing PnP functionality
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1437
SENSEI challenges
� Sensor services and interfaces to applications
– Provide access to context information and actuation services
in a unified manner over standardized interfaces across domains
in a global and open market setting
– Design standardized service interfaces offering applications and
application developers access to different abstraction levels of
sensing and actuation service components
� WS&AN islands – sensing and actuation
– Design mechanisms and protocols able to deal with the
consequences caused by mobility of WS&AN solutions and
entities of interest
– Design highly energy and spectrum efficient mechanisms and
protocols to capture and actuate the context information
– Design mechanisms and protocols ensuring trust, security and
information privacy
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1438
SENSEI target outcomes
� A highly scalable architectural framework
– Easy plug and play integration of a large number of WS&AN
– Providing support for network and information management,
security, privacy and trust and accounting
� An open service interface
– Semantic specification to unify the access to context information
and actuation services offered by the system
� Efficient WS&AN island solutions
– Cross-optimized and energy aware protocol stacks including an
ultra low power multi-mode transceiver targeting 5nJ/bit
� Pan European test platform
– Large scale experimental evaluation of the SENSEI results and
execution of field trials
© Ericsson AB 2008 From Vertical to Horizontal 2008-05-1440
senZations’08
� Summer school on Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks and Wireless Sensing in Future Internet
� Ljubljana, Slovenia, 01-05 September
� Lecturers:– Zach Shelby (Sensinode Ltd.): IP based WSNs
– Martin Ouwerkerk (Philips Research): Unobtrusive sensing of emotions in daily life
– Konrad Wrona (NATO C3 agency): Security in WSN
– Antoine Fraboulet (INSA Lyon): WSN HW design and experiences from building a test bed
– Ivan Stojmenovic (University of Birmingham): Routing in WSN
– Antonio Ruzzelli (UCD): Collaborative WSNs Programming
– Stephan Haller (SAP Research): Internet of Things and Sensor Networks in Enterprise Environment
– Srdjan Krco (Ericsson Ireland Research Centre): Wireless sensing in the Future Internet