A Collection of Latin American Pamphlets

A Collection of Latin American PamphletsAuthor(s): H. G. WhiteheadSource: The British Museum Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 1/2 (Autumn, 1969), pp. 1-10Published by: British MuseumStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4423037 .

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A COLLECTION OF LATIN AMERICAN PAMPHLETS

T HE Department of Printed Books has recently bought at a London auction a collection of over 500 Latin American pamphlets and broad- sides, nearly all of the nineteenth century and many of them dating from

the early days of independence, particularly of the River Plate countries. This collection will fill many gaps in the British Museum's holdings in an important area of study.

A large part of the collection appears to have been formed by the Argentinian writer Luis L6pez Dominguez [1 8 10o-98 ?]. A political journalist and historian, founder of the newspaper El Orden and author of a Historia argentina, Domin-

guez was more than once exiled from his country, although during more favoured

periods he served as a diputado and as Minister for Economic Affairs both for the Province of Buenos Aires and for the national government. He also repre- sented the Argentine Republic in the U.S.A., Spain and, during his last years, in the United Kingdom. Whilst in London as 'Plenipotentiary of the Argentine Republic', he edited for the Hakluyt Society the Voyage of Ulrich Schmidt to the Rivers La Plata and Paraguai and the Commentaries of Alvar N-#ez Cabeza de Faca. [Works issued by the Hakluyt Society, no. 8 1. The Conquest of the River Plate, London, 1891.]

Apart from his political and historical writings, Dominguez is remembered, at least in his own country, as the author of the poem El Ombu', the opening lines of which are well known throughout the Hispanic world.' They appear, in-

accurately transcribed, on the title-page of the first edition of W. H. Hudson's El Ombu' [London, I902o].

Other pamphlets belonged to Lorenzo L6pez (?-1833), an Argentinian now

chiefly remembered for his recruiting drive in the Banda Oriental at the time of the English invasion, and for his bravery at the battle of Perdriel (I August i 8o6), when he saved the life of Juan Martin Pueyrred6n. As a diputado for Buenos Aires, he opposed the granting of special powers to Rosas.2

It is impossible to describe, however briefly, all the items, but descriptions of a few of the most interesting follow. The collection is to be kept together at Cup. 405.a.i, etc.

A. Works printed at the press of the Nii-os Expdsitos The Casa de los Nifios Exp6sitos, a foundling home, was established in Buenos

Aires in 1779 by the Spanish Viceroy, Juan Jos6 de V6rtiz, whose happy thought I B



it was to help the finances of the home by giving it control of a printing press he had ordered to be brought to the capital from C6rdoba in 780o. This press formerly belonged to the Jesuits, who had introduced printing in their Colegio Maximo at C6rdoba in 1750. It had lain idle, however, since 1767, the date of the expulsion of the Jesuits from the Spanish dominions and the confiscation of their property.

From the beginning, the Imprenta de los Nifios Exp6sitos was a busy press, and Furlong Cardiff3 records fifteen items for its first year, sixty-one for 1781 and ninety-five for 1782. It ran, with various changes of management, until

I825, when it ceased to exist as a separate press, part being sent to Salta, part joining with type recently arrived from England to form the Imprenta del Estado.

There seem to be no examples of the early productions of the press in the British Museum, and as far as this writer could ascertain, the earliest example in the Library before the present purchase was a panegyric by the Archbishop of La Plata, dated 1789.4 We have now acquired:

1784 i. s / Instruccion / que debe observarse / para la composicion uniforme de / las Calles de esta Ciudad por los / Sujetos que el Vecindario de cada / una de ellos nombre y encargue en / sus respectivos distritos para el / desempefio de los puntos que aqui / se prefixan, y para cuyo efecto / quedan autorizados por el Gobier- / no los que se diputen

" este fin, a / quienes se

auxiliark por las Jus- / ticias y demas en quanto necesiten.

Begin. Deseoso el Exmo. Sr. D. Juan Joseph de Vertiz dignisimo Virrey de estas Provincias de dexar a esta Ciudad beneficiada, etc.

End. Buenos-Ayres 4. de Febrero de 1784. D. Francisco de Paula Sanz

42. I2 leaves: one leaf, blank; pp. [1], 2-18; two leaves, blank.

Francisco de Paula Sanz, a natural son of Charles III, was appointed by decree of 24 March 1783 to be 'Yntendente de Exercito, y Real Hacienda delas nominadas Provincias, con residencia enla Capital de Buenos Ayres'. Under his administration, much was done to keep tidy the streets and pavements of the capital. He refused to recognize the constitutional changes of 18 1o and was shot on the orders of Juan Jos6 Castelli.

1787 2. Arancel general / de los derechos de los Oficiales / de esta Real Audiencia, / de los Jueces Ordinarios, / Abogados, / y Escribanos Publicos, / y Reales de Provincia, / Medidores y Tasadores, / y de / las visitas y examenes del / Proto-medicato de este / Distrito. / [vignette, between two groups of ten asterisks.] De orden del Superior Gobierno. / Buenos-Ayres: En la Real Imprenta de / los Nifios Exp6sitos.

fol. 30 leaves: title-leaf; pp. 1-58. A series of directives for various officials, first issued as a proclamation on 17 March 1787 by the

Viceroy, the Marquis of Loreto.

2



1799 3. Bando / de / policia

Begin. Don Gabriel de Aviles, y del Fierro, Marqubs de Aviles, Teniente General de los Reales Exercitos, Virey, etc.

End. La autorizo en Buenos-Ayres 4 veinte y tres de Septiembre de mil setecientos noventa y nueve. Joseph Ramon de Basavilbaso.

40. 4 leaves, unpaginated. No imprint; the types are those of the Nifios Exp6sitos.

Regulations issued by the Viceroy, the Marquis of Aviles, requiring the inhabitants of Buenos Aires to keep their streets in good repair.

Aviles had arrived in South America with the Spanish expedition of 1768 sent to recapture the Falkland Islands. He fought against the Araucanian Indians in Chile and in 1780-3 helped to suppress the rebellion of Tupac Amaru in Peru. He was Viceroy in Buenos Aires from March 1799 to May I8o0i, when he became Viceroy in Peru.

1807

4. Quatro cartas / de un Espafiol / a un Anglomano / en que se manifiesta / la perfidia del

gobierno de la Inglaterra, como perni- / cioso al / genero humano, potencias Europeas, y parti- / cularmente a la / Espafia. / Escritas / por D. Pedro Estala. / Reimpresas / en esta Capital de Buenos Ayres / a expensas de su M.I.C. / [rule] Con permiso de los Superiores. / [rule] Buenos-Ayres. / En la Real Imprenta de

Nifios Exp6sitos: / afio de 1807.

40. 33 leaves: title-leaf; three leaves; pp. 1-57, [58.] These letters by Pedro Estala [1740 ?-I820?] were reprinted at the expense of the Cabildo of

Buenos Aires, doubtless with the intention of strengthening creole loyalty to the Spanish crown. Men- tion is sometimes made of a first edition published in London, 1804, but there seems to be no evidence of this. The letters were published in Madrid in I8o5; other editions followed at Cidiz, I8o5, Lima, i 8o6, and, the edition here noted, Buenos Aires, 1807. This is the only edition in the British Museum.

180o8

5. Circular / del Excelentisimo Cabildo / de Buenos-Ayres a los del Reyno, y a / los Illmos. Prelados del Vireynato. [rule]

Begin. La Espa'ia, esa Madre ilustre de quien hemos recibido el ser, etc.

End. Sala Capitular de Buenos-Ayres Agosto 26 de 180o8. Martin de Alzaga [and others] ... [rule] Colophon. Bs. Ayres Imprenta de Nifios Expbsitos.

80. 2 leaves, unpaginated.

Proclama / del Excelentisimo Cabildo / de Buenos-Ayres, at sus habitantes.

Begin. Generosos y nobles habitantes de Buenos-Ayres: la suerte os ha deparado unos tiempos de tribulacion y de amargura, etc.

End. Sala Capitular de Buenos-Ayres Agosto 27 de I808. Martin de Alzaga [and others] ... [rule] Colophon. Bs. Ayres Imprenta de Nifios Expbsitos.

80. 2 leaves, unpaginated. Two appeals, both signed by all ten members of the Cabildo, for financial aid to Spain.

3



1809

6. Carta / del Illmo. Sr. Don Andres / Quintian Ponte y Andrade, / Obispo de Cuenca en el

Peru, / al / Senior Marques de Selva-Alegre. [rule] Colophon. Con licencia en Buenos-Ayres. En la Imprenta de los Nifios Exp6sitos, afio de 1809. 4 . 4 leaves: pp. [1], 2-6; one leaf, blank. The Marquis of Selva-Alegre had written to the Bishop, announcing the formation in Quito of a

Junta Suprema Gubernativa, with the Marquis as President and the Bishop an ex officio member. The latter replies, expressing serious doubts about the Junta, and reaffirming his own loyalty to Ferdinand VII. The letter is dated 28 August I809.

1819

7. El / Congreso / de las / Provincias-Unidas / en / Sud-America

Begin. Ciudadanos. Los anarquistas convencidos de la impotencia de sus esfuerzos, etc.

End. Os responddmos con nuestro honor: que no hay tratado existente con la c6rte del Brasil. Sala del Congreso en Buenos-Ayres a 18 de Noviembre de 1819. Dr. Jose Severo Malavia Presi- dente. Ignacio Nunez. Pro-Secretario.

s.sk. fol. No imprint. The types are those of the Nifios Exp6sitos. The Congress of the United Provinces had first met in Tucumin in May 1816 and had proclaimed

independence on 9 July 18 16. Early in 1817, the Congress followed the Supreme Director, Pueyrred6n, to Buenos Aires, where they were faced with the gaucho revolution. Pueyrred6n, who had been accused of conniving with the Portu guese-Brazilian invasion of the Banda Oriental, was overthrown in May 8 19.

1821

8. Representacion / Del coronel d. Manuel Dorrego A la muy honorable junta / de representantes.

Begin. Muy Honorable Junta de Representantes. El coronel D. Manuel Dorrego ante V.H. dice:

que el 23 en la noche le ha sido intimado verbalmente por el Sr. gobernador salir fuera de la provincia con precisa direccion . la ciudad de Mendoza, etc.

End. es gracia que con justicia imploro &c. Manuel Dorrego. Imprenta de Expositos. s.sh. fol.

Segunda / Representacion / Del coronel d. Manuel Dorrego A la muy honorable junta / de

representantes.

Begin. M.H.J. de R. 4 Hasta cuando el g~nio de la tirania ha de presidir nuestros destinos?, etc.

End. Dios guarde A V.H. muchos afios. San Isidro 10. de marzo de 1821. Manuel Dorrego. Imprenta de Expositos.

s.sh. fol. Two petitions addressed by Col. Manuel Dorrego to the provincial junta, protesting at his exile to

Mendoza on the orders of the Governor, Martin Rodriguez. Dorrego, a federalist, was disliked by authority for his sympathies with the Uruguayan insurgents. His pleas went unheeded, and he was forced to leave the capital, but not for Mendoza, as on 20 October I821 he wrote from Montevideo to the editor of the Buenos Aires Argos, denying that he had bought a property at San Isidro.

Dorrego became governor of the Province of Buenos Aires in July 1827, after Rivadavia's resignation. He also assumed responsibility for foreign affairs. In 1828, he concluded peace with Brazil and

acknowledged Uruguayan sovereignty.

4



He was ousted by the rebellion of General Lavalle, on whose orders, on 13 December I828, he was shot. [See infra, no. 15].

B. Other Buenos Aires Imprints

18I5 9. Estatuto Provisional / para la direccion y administracion / del / Estado / formado por la / Junta de Observacion / nuevamente establecida / en Buenos-Ayres a 5 de mayo de 1815. / [vignette; rule] Imprenta del Estado.

4". 21 leaves: pp. [1], 2-42.

The Imprenta del Estado of this date is the press which Princess Carlota Joaquina, wife of John, Prince-Regent of Portugal, and sister of Ferdinand VII of Spain, sent to Montevideo in 18 1 o to help her brother's cause. On the Argentinian retreat from Montevideo in 1814, the press was taken to Buenos Aires, whence it was reclaimed by Artigas in June 18 15-

The Junta de Observaci6n was formed after the overthrow of Carlos Maria de Alvear as Supreme Director in order to counterbalance the authority of his successor Jose Rondeau. One of its first acts was to invite the provinces to elect a Constituent Assembly, to meet away from the capital. This was to be the Congress of Tucumin.

i816 Io. Manifiesto / del / Congreso / a / los pueblos. / [vignette.] Buenos-Ayres. / [double rule.] Imprenta de Gandarillos y Socios. / 1816

40. I8 leaves: title-leaf; pp. [1], 2-34- An appeal to the Argentinian people for unity and order, dated I August 1816 and signed by the

President of the Congress, Dr. Jos6 Ignacio Thames. The manifesto ends with a decree optimistically proclaiming 'fin a la revolucion, principio al 6rden'.

1819 i i. Extracto / de las / Noticias que acabamos de recibir / contra / los / Anarquistas / Orientales.

Begin. Hoy tenemos la satisfacion de celebrar el triunfo de nuestras armas en las aguas del Parani, etc.

End. Esperamos por momentos a San Martin: con su reunion terminara en breve nuestro afan, que no es otro sino poder comenzar con 6rden y union el afio veinte. Arroyo del medio Diciembre

29 de 1819. Buenos-Ayres Imprenta de la Independencia

s.sh. fol.

Announcing a victory on 26 December by the brig Aranzazu over a river squadron commanded by the federalist Pedro Campbell, a deserter from General Beresford's invasion force of I806-7. He is here stated to have been wounded in the action: 'se arroj6 al agua bien herido'.

I822

12. Estatuto / provisorio / constitucional / de la / Provincia de Entre-Rios / en el de La Plata / en la / America del Sur. / Sancionado y publicado / en 4 de marzo del afio 1822. / Por el H.

Congreso provincial de ella / reunido en la villa capital del Parana / En 6 de Diciembre del afio. / 1821, [rule] Imprenta de la Independencia.

40. 24 leaves: one leaf, blank; title-leaf; one leaf, blank; pp. [1], 2-39, [40]; one leaf, blank.

5



The 'Congreso General del Entre-Rios' met in December 1821, after the death in July of that year of the Governor of the Province, Ramirez. The constitution was given a provisional character until such time as a congress of all the provinces could meet. A Constituent Congress finally met in Buenos Aires in December 1824. The authorship of this document is usually attributed to Pedro J. Agrela, the first secretary to the Congress and a firm proponent of national unity.5 The constitution is dated 12 March I822 and is preceded by a message to the people of the Province, dated 13 March I822.

1824

13- Constitucion / politica / de la Provincia de Corrientes, / una de las de la Republica / Argentina, / sancionada por el C.G. de / dicha Provincia en 15 de / Septiembre de / 1824. / [vignette: the arms of the Province] Imprenta del Estado.

40. 21 leaves: title-leaf; pp. [1], 2-37, [38], 38 [sic, for 39], [4o.] A 'Reglamento Provisorio Constitucional' had been sanctioned on I I December 1821 by the

Constituent Assembly of the Province of Corrientes. This was amended and made definitive by the constitution of 15 September 1824.

This copy bears on the title-page the inscription: 'Corrientes Marzo 8 1846. Luis L. Dominguez. Obsequio del Sr. D. Manuel Leiva.' Manuel Leiva [1797-1879] had a distinguished career in provincial and national life.

1825 14. Reverente suplica / al / Ex-Rey Carlos cuarto / pidiendole a su hijo adoptivo / El Infante don Francisco de Paula / para coronarle / en las Provincias del Rio de la Plata. / Por los vasallos del mismo d. Manuel Velgrano, / y / Don Bernardino / Rivadavia. / [rule] Impreso: Aflo de 1825.

40* 19 leaves: title-leaf; one leaf; pp. [I], 2-33, [34.1 The letter to Charles IV, ex-King of Spain, an exile in Rome, was written from London in May 18 15

by the newly-arrived envoys to Europe of the United Provinces, Manuel Belgrano and Bernardino Rivadavia. They proposed that the king's younger son Francisco de Paula should be crowned King of the United Provinces, as the only effective way of restoring peace to the area. The scheme came to nothing, and the letter was apparently never published. This edition, presumably the first, has a hostile preface, signed 'Dos Ciudadanos Arjentinos'. The object in publishing the letter was to discredit Rivadavia, then a candidate for the Presidency. The authorship of the preface is ascribed to Colonel Manuel Dorrego.

1828

15. Boletin del / Gobierno Provisorio. / [double rule] N? 5. Buenos Aires, Diciembre 13 de 1828. [double rule]

Begin. Navarro, Diciembre I I. Sr. Ministro. En este momento he recibido una nota del Teniente Coronel de Hi'sares, D. Bernardino Escribano, dindome parte de haber prendido al Coronel Dorrego en las inmediaciones de Areco, y de conducirlo ' este punto, etc.

End. Saludo al Sr. Ministro... Juan Lavalle... Imprenta Argentina, calle de Potosi nuimero 135.

s.sh. fol.

Boletin del / Gobierno Provisorio. / [double rule] N? 6. Buenos Aires, Diciembre I5 de 1828. [double rule]

Begin. Navarro, diciembre 13 de 1828. Sr. Ministro: Participo al Gobierno delegado, que el coronel D. Manuel Dorrego acaba de ser fusilado, por mi 6rden, al frente de los Regimientos que componen esta division, etc.

6



End. Saludo al Sr. Ministro con toda atencion. Juan Lavalle... Imprenta Argentina, calle de Potosi n6mero 135.

s.sA. fol.

Two proclamations, signed by Lavalle, announcing the capture and execution of Dorrego.

1829 x6. Proclama. [rule]

Begin. Ciudadanos: Rumores siniestros propagados por todas partes, y acojidos con ligereza, han l1egado A perturbar vuestro reposo, etc.

End. El Gobierno estA seguro de lo que os dice, porque cuenta con la cooperacion de todos los buenos. Juan Lavalle. Buenos Aires, agosto I2 de 1829. [rule] Imprenta Argentina, de San Juan media cuadra para el Retiro.

s.sh. fol.

Juan Lavalle held office briefly as Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires from December 1828 to August 1829. In late 1829 Juan Manuel de Rosas rebelled and Lavalle fled the country.

1831

17. [Vignette: a cavalry soldier] Viva la Patria!! Viva la Federacion!! / Boletin estraordinario

y fin de los decembristas. [rule]

Begin. Tucuman Noviembre 4 de 1831. El General que subscribe da parte al Exmo. Sr. General en g~fe del ej&rcito auxiliar confederado, etc.

End. El general que subscribe tiene la honra de saludar ai los Exmos. Sres. a quienes se dirije con la mayor atencion y respeto. Juan Facundo Quiroga. Exmo. Sr. General en gife del ej rcito auxiliar confederado y Sres. Gobernadores de Santiago, C6rdoba y Buenos Aires.

s.sh. fol. A bulletin issued by the gaucho leader Facundo Quiroga, announcing his victory of 4 November 1831

at La Ciudadela de Tucuman against the 'unitarios' under General Lamadrid.

1833

I8. Esposicion / del General / D. Juan A. Lavalleja, / de su / conducta relativa / a los / hltimos acontecimientos / del / Estado Oriental del Uruguay, / y examen de los hechos / del Gobierno / de / Montevideo. / [rule] Buenos Ayres. / Imprenta de la Independencia. / 1833.

4?. 24 leaves: pp. [I], 2-25, [26]; [I], II-XXI, [XXII.] Lavalleja was the leader of the 'immortal thirty-three', who in 1825 crossed the River Plate and

raised the standard of revolt against the Brazilian occupiers of the Banda Oriental. The three-year war which ensued between Argentina and Brazil finally ended with separate nationhood for the Republic of Uruguay, a status which was finally ratified by the Constitution of 1830.

C. Other Imprints

1816

I9. Idictal. / Sebastiao Pinto de Araujo / Correa, Fidalgo da Caza Real, etc.

Begin. Habitantes da Banda Oriental do Rio da Prata. As tropas da Vanguarda da Divisao de Voluntarios Reas [sic] / de E1Rey acabao de entrar no vosso Paiz, etc.

7



End. No Quartel General do Campo de Santa Thereza aos 31 de Agosto de I816. - Sebastiao Pinto de Araujo Correa.

s.sh. fol. An edict issued by the Commander of the vanguard of General Lecor's army during the Portuguese

invasion of the Banda Oriental in i816. The vanguard had attacked, without warning, on 28 August, crossing the frontier on the eastern plains near the fortress of Santa Teresa.6 The edict promises peace to the Orientales under the protection of the King of Portugal. The only enemy is Artigas and his 'bandos de malfeitores'.

In January 1817, the Portuguese-Brazilians occupied Montevideo, and in i820 Artigas was forced to withdraw to Entre Rfos, never to return to the Banda Oriental.

1823

20. Constitucion politica / del / Estado de Chile. / Promulgada / en 29 de Diciembre de 1823. / [vignette] Santiago de Chile: / Imprenta Nacional.

4o. 41 leaves: pp. [1], 2-8 , [82.] The first two Chilean constitutions were promulgated in I8I8 and I822; neither is in the British

Museum. This third constitution was drawn up on the orders of Ram6n Freire, who had forced the resignation of O'Higgins in February I823. The constitution is prefaced by a message from Freire, who styles himself 'El Director Supremo de Chile'. The constitution was soon abandoned.

1826

21. Constitucion / de la / Republica Boliviana / impresa / en / Chuquisaca. / En 25 de Noviembre de I826. [rule] Por Fermin Arebalo. / En la / Imprenta de la Universidad. [rule]

41. I2 leaves: title-leaf; pp. [I], 2-20; one leaf blank. The first Bolivian constitution, in the extremely rare first edition. The original document was signed

by Antonio Jose de Sucre, who in 1825, on the liberation of Bolivia, had been appointed head of state by Bolivar. His presidency was brief, lasting from 1826 to 1828.

Bolivar wrote the draft for this constitution, but in the official version he was forced to yield to popular pressure and include a statement on religion. There was thus incorporated 'Titulo 20. De la Relijion'. Two editions of the draft constitution, one published at Buenos Aires in 1826, the other at Caracas in 1827, are already in the British Museum.

The constitution was sanctioned on 6 November and promulgated on 19 November.

1827

22. Ley / de / procedimientos / para / la administracion / de justicia / en la Republica / Boliviana, / sancionada / por el Soberano Congreso Constituyente. [rule] Chuquisaca, ano de

1827. / Imprenta Boliviana.

4?. 21 leaves: title-leaf; pp. I-40. A law, passed on 31 December 1826 and promulgated on 8 January 1827, ordaining that justice

should be administered, as far as possible, within the spirit of the constitution.

I843 23. Constitucion / de la / Republica del Ecuador, / dada / por la / Convencion Nacional / en el

afio / de / 1843. [vignette; rule] Quito: / Imprenta del Gobierno, por Juan Campuzano. [Title enclosed in a four line typographic border]

8



40. i6 leaves: title-leaf; one leaf; pp. [I], 2-25, [26]; one leaf, blank.

The first constitution of Ecuador, of which a copy is already in the British Museum, was drawn up in I830 by Juan Jose Flores. He replaced it with the 1843 constitution, in which the President is given an eight-year term of office, and had himself elected.

I1845

24. Constitucion / de la / Republica del Ecuador, / sancionada / por la / Convencion Nacional

/ en el afio / de I845-Ix. de la Libertad. / [rule] Guayaquil: / Imprenta de Manuel Ignacio Murillo. / [rule] 1845.

40. 16 leaves: title-leaf; one leaf; pp. [1], 2-25, [26]; one leaf, blank.

The constitution of 1845 was the first of the liberal constitutions of Ecuador, drawn up by the Guaya- quil Liberals, after their revolt and the subsequent overthrow and exile of Flores.

25. El Gorgon, / vapor de S.M.B. / Capitan Hotham, / salvado de la playa de Montevideo, donde bar6 el I o / de Mayo de 1844, / por / la pericia y constancia / de su Comandante, Oficiales, guarnicion y equipage. / [vignette: a paddle-steamer] Montevideo / [rule] Imprenta de la Caridad-I845. [rule] [Title enclosed in typographic border]

40* 4 leaves: pp. [1], 2-6; one leaf, blank.

The steamship Gorgon had run aground off Montevideo in a storm on io May 1844. After five months' work, involving the construction of six camels, or water-tight chests for adding buoyancy, the vessel was refloated. This account was written for the Uruguayan newspaper El Nacional, and subse- quently reprinted as a pamphlet, by Florencio Varela, an Argentinian refugee from the dictatorship of Rosas, and editor of the anti-Rosas paper El Comercio del Plata. His pro-British sentiments are clearly shown in this article, of which this copy bears his signature. He was assassinated in Montevideo in 1848.

The captain of the vessel was Charles Hotham [ 800oo-5 5], who joined the Navy in 18 18 and became a captain in 1833. In 1845 he took part in the joint Anglo-French blockade of the Plate, and for this and other services in South America, he was knighted in 1846. In I854, he was appointed Lieutenant- Governor of Victoria, becoming full Governor in 1855. He died in office the same year.

I86o

26. Vida / del Brigadier General / D. Jose Jervacio Artigas, / Fundador de la Nacionalidad Oriental. / [rule] escrita / Por D. Isidoro de Maria. [vignette] Gualeguaychu. [rule] afio de I86o. / [rule] Imprenta [sic] de De-Maria y Hermano.

40. 24 leaves: one leaf, blank; title-leaf; pp. [1] 2-43, [44.] Isidoro De-Maria was born in Montevideo in 1815. He began his working life as a printer, before

turning to journalism. In 1849, when General Urquiza, Governor of Entre Rios, acquired two presses in the Uruguayan capital, one was sent, with De-Marfa, to the Argentinian town of Gualeguaychii; from here De-Maria published the town's first newspaper, El Progreso de Entre Rlos. After a period as Uruguayan Vice-Consul in Gualeguaychui, De-Maria returned to Uruguay in 1858, leaving his two sons, Dermidio and Pablo, to run the press. He died in 1906, after many years' service in the Uru- guayan Schools Inspectorate.7

H. G. WHITEHEAD

9 C



x Cada comarca en la tierra Tiene un rasgo prominente, El Brasil, su sol ardiente Minas de plata, el Perl6; Montevideo, su cerro; Buenos Ayres, i patria hermosa! Tiene su pampa grandiosa; La pampa tiene el Ombdi.

2 R. Piccirilli [and others], Diccionario his- to'rico argentino, 6 vols. (Buenos Aires, 195 3-4); F. A. Kirkpatrick, A History of the Argentine Republic (Cambridge, 193 r).

3 G. Furlong Cardiff, Historia y bibliografia

de las primeras imprentas rioplatenses 1700-x850, 3 vols. (Buenos Aires, 195 3-9).

4 Oracidn funebre que en las solemnes excequias del... 8exor Carlos III... dixo... .. A. de San Alberto. [B.M. press-mark: 1451. h. 13.]

s B. Bosch, El Estatuto provisorio constitucional de Entre Rios (Boletin del Instituto de Investi- gaciones Hist6ricas, vol. 27, 1942).

6 J. Street, Artigas and the Emancipation of Uruguay (Cambridge, 1959)-

7 Articles in J. M. Fernindez Saldafia, Diccionario uruguayo de biografias z81o-z940 (Montevideo, I945).

TWO REDISCOVERED MINIATURES OF THE OSCOTT PSALTER

T HE Oscott Psalter, sometime MS. i i in the collection of C. W. Dyson Perrins at Davenham, Malvern, and since I958 Additional MS. 5oooo in the British Museum' is the finest surviving illuminated manuscript of

its period. This is that phase of Early Gothic art in England which occupies roughly the years between 1260 and I 290 and sees the emergence of the 'classic Gothic' style in the commonly accepted sense of the term. In painting it is in the

splendid illumination of the Oscott Psalter that we first see the new style fully matured and it has naturally always been very frustrating that the exact date and

provenance of the manuscript have never been determined. The 'School' to which it belongs is traditionally named after the English royal court, because of the associations of several of the artefacts. There is the Douce Apocalypse, made for Edward I and Eleanor of Castile, probably shortly before their accession to the throne in 1272 ;2 there is the Petrus Comestor, apparently given by Edward's cousin, Edmund of Cornwall, to Ashridge College which he founded in 1283 ;3 there is the Psalter probably begun between 1281 and 1284 in expectation of a

marriage between Edward's heir Alphonso and a daughter of the Count of Holland;4 and there is the celebrated Westminster Retable, which has always been connected with the 'royal' abbey par excellence.s The association to which the Oscott Psalter owes its name is entirely modern. It is the fact that it was from St. Mary's College, Oscott, that Dyson Perrins purchased the book in I908 and the connexion with this institution cannot go back further than its foundation in

1794. Abbess McClachlan of Stanbrook suggested that the Psalter might have been given or bequeathed to Oscott by Charles Blundell, of Ince Blundell Hall, Lancashire, who died in 1830 and was the son of Henry Blundell the collector.6 The Blundells were Roman Catholics and related to another notable family of

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Documents

A Collection of Latin American Pamphlets