A. Chesapeake country John Rolfe - Tobacco King John Rolfe - Tobacco King 1619 – First Slaves sold to Jamestown 1619 – First Slaves sold to Jamestown Blacks

A. Chesapeake countryA. Chesapeake country

John Rolfe - Tobacco KingJohn Rolfe - Tobacco King 1619 – First Slaves sold to 1619 – First Slaves sold to

JamestownJamestown Blacks too costly for most colonistsBlacks too costly for most colonists

House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses First Representative Gov.First Representative Gov.

B. Growth of New B. Growth of New EnglandEngland

Pilgrims 1620Pilgrims 1620 William BradfordWilliam Bradford

Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony Started by non-separatists puritansStarted by non-separatists puritans

Great Migration 1630sGreat Migration 1630s John Winthrop 1John Winthrop 1stst Governor Governor

Bay Bible CommonwealthBay Bible Commonwealth

Winthrop distrusted Winthrop distrusted “commons”“commons”

Protestant ethicProtestant ethicCommitment to work Commitment to work Engagement in worldly pursuitsEngagement in worldly pursuits

Trouble in theTrouble in theBible CommonwealthBible Commonwealth

Quaker persecutionQuaker persecution Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

““Truly saved need not obey the laws”Truly saved need not obey the laws”

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams Challenges Bay CharterChallenges Bay Charter

Land taken from Indians illegitimateLand taken from Indians illegitimate Flees to Rhode IslandFlees to Rhode Island

More New EnglandMore New England

ConnecticutConnecticut Close church / gov. allianceClose church / gov. alliance

MaineMaine Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay

colonycolony New HampshireNew Hampshire

Royal colony 1679Royal colony 1679

C. Restoration coloniesC. Restoration colonies

Carolina started as a royal colonyCarolina started as a royal colony North CarolinaNorth Carolina

Poverty stricken, religious dissenters, Poverty stricken, religious dissenters, resistance to authorityresistance to authority

Lots of Indian fightingLots of Indian fighting GeorgiaGeorgia

Buffer colonyBuffer colony All Christians were received except All Christians were received except

CatholicsCatholics

C. Restoration coloniesC. Restoration colonies New NetherlandsNew Netherlands New Amsterdam (New York)New Amsterdam (New York)

Peter Stuyvesant surrenders to Duke of YorkPeter Stuyvesant surrenders to Duke of York English flag waves from Maine to CarolinasEnglish flag waves from Maine to Carolinas

PennsylvaniaPennsylvania William PennWilliam Penn

Truthful AdvertisingTruthful Advertising Philadelphia “brotherly love”Philadelphia “brotherly love”

D. MercantilismD. Mercantilism The Mercantile TheoryThe Mercantile Theory

Wealth = PowerWealth = Power Economic wealth is gained Economic wealth is gained

More exports than importsMore exports than imports

Colonies (two functions)Colonies (two functions) Supply raw materialsSupply raw materials Serve as export market (from England)Serve as export market (from England)

American Colonies (functional for England)American Colonies (functional for England)

D. MercantilismD. Mercantilism

MeritsMerits Navigation Laws didn’t burden the Navigation Laws didn’t burden the

colonistscolonists Many laws disregardedMany laws disregarded British paid well to colonial British paid well to colonial

producersproducers British Navy protectionBritish Navy protection

D. MercantilismD. Mercantilism

NegativesNegatives Stifled economic initiativeStifled economic initiative Dependency on British CreditorsDependency on British Creditors Feelings of being debased (used)Feelings of being debased (used)

E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery

1619 Dutch ship sells first Slaves1619 Dutch ship sells first Slaves West IndiesWest Indies

Sugar PlantationsSugar PlantationsWork intensiveWork intensive250,000 slaves imported in 50 years250,000 slaves imported in 50 years

First Slave Codes (Laws)First Slave Codes (Laws)Barbados slave code of 1661Barbados slave code of 1661

Denied Fundamental rightsDenied Fundamental rights

E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery Small English Farmers seek refuge in Small English Farmers seek refuge in

CarolinasCarolinas Displaced by sugar baronsDisplaced by sugar barons Brought slaves with them (including the Brought slaves with them (including the

codes)codes)

Movement to a Slave SocietyMovement to a Slave Society Initially cost too much to importInitially cost too much to import Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion

Need for less troublesome workforceNeed for less troublesome workforce

E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery

Movement to Slave Movement to Slave Society (cont.)Society (cont.) Lack of candidates for Lack of candidates for

indentured servitudeindentured servitude Fear of “mutinous” Fear of “mutinous”

former servantsformer servants Slave ImportsSlave Imports

1717thth cent. cent. 1818thth cent. cent.

10,00010,000 390,000390,000

E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery Slave SourcesSlave Sources

West Coast AfricaWest Coast Africa ““Flesh Merchants”Flesh Merchants” Middle PassageMiddle Passage

Laws for SlavesLaws for Slaves Virginia 1662Virginia 1662

Blacks made propertyBlacks made property

Discrimination molded slave systemDiscrimination molded slave system

Slave Life Slave Life

Harsh work conditionsHarsh work conditions Rice and indigo most difficultRice and indigo most difficult Tobacco easiest workTobacco easiest work

Beginnings of a Slave CultureBeginnings of a Slave Culture LanguageLanguage FoodFood DanceDance Skilled workers (artisans)Skilled workers (artisans)

3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Mid-Eighteenth Century (Southern)(Southern)

Southern Society (transparency)Southern Society (transparency) FFV’sFFV’s

Washington’s, Lee’s, FitzhughsWashington’s, Lee’s, Fitzhughs Hardworking business folksHardworking business folks

Small Family FarmersSmall Family Farmers Largest social groupLargest social group Rugged hand to mouth existenceRugged hand to mouth existence Owned one or two slavesOwned one or two slaves

3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Mid-Eighteenth Century (Southern)(Southern)Small Family FarmersSmall Family Farmers

Largest social groupLargest social group Rugged hand to mouth existenceRugged hand to mouth existence Owned one or two slavesOwned one or two slaves

Landless WhitesLandless Whites Former indentured servantsFormer indentured servants

SlavesSlaves Growing population Growing population

3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth CenturyMid-Eighteenth Century

New England SocietyNew England Society Migrated as family unitsMigrated as family units Booming birthrateBooming birthrate Family unit strengthens moral valuesFamily unit strengthens moral values Property rights for widowsProperty rights for widows Laws defended integrity of marriageLaws defended integrity of marriage

3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-18th Century (New Mid-18th Century (New England)England)

Tightly knit societyTightly knit society Small villages and farmsSmall villages and farms

Planned communitiesPlanned communities Education planEducation plan

Harvard College 1636Harvard College 1636

Democratic governmentDemocratic government

A. Social structure A. Social structure (Economic)(Economic)

Philosophy of the LandPhilosophy of the Land Improve the landImprove the land

Roads, clearing, settlementsRoads, clearing, settlements

Local ResourcesLocal Resources Timber, harbors, fish stocksTimber, harbors, fish stocks

Conditions fostered valuesConditions fostered values Encouraged expansion to OhioEncouraged expansion to Ohio

A. Social structure A. Social structure

Crevecoeur “a strange mixture of blood, Crevecoeur “a strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country,”which you will find in no other country,”

No titled nobilityNo titled nobility Social ladder climbableSocial ladder climbable Emergence of Merchant classEmergence of Merchant class Widows and orphansWidows and orphans Involuntary transfersInvoluntary transfers

Paupers & convictsPaupers & convicts

A. Social structureA. Social structure Clerics, Physicians, and LawyersClerics, Physicians, and Lawyers

PhysiciansPhysiciansPoorly trained 1765 first med schoolPoorly trained 1765 first med school

ClericsClericsPosition of high prestigePosition of high prestigeNot the same in the early daysNot the same in the early days

LawyersLawyersNot a favored professionNot a favored profession

Workday AmericaWorkday America AgricultureAgriculture

Leading industryLeading industry

FishingFishing Mostly in New EnglandMostly in New England

Shipped to EuropeShipped to Europe

Stimulated ship buildingStimulated ship building

CommerceCommerce Northern and Central ColoniesNorthern and Central Colonies Triangular TradeTriangular Trade

Workday AmericaWorkday America ManufacturingManufacturing

Household industriesHousehold industries CarpentersCarpenters

LumberingLumbering Primarily for shipbuildingPrimarily for shipbuilding

Naval StoresNaval Stores Supported the shipbuilding industrySupported the shipbuilding industry

Tobacco Tobacco

TransportationTransportation

RoadsRoads Poor conditionPoor condition

SailingSailing RiversRivers OceansOceans

Role of the TavernRole of the Tavern Gossip, rumor, political talkGossip, rumor, political talk

B. CultureB. Culture Great Awakening (1730 – 1740’s)Great Awakening (1730 – 1740’s)

Church StrainChurch Strain Elaborate doctrinesElaborate doctrines MembershipMembership

Started by Jonathan EdwardsStarted by Jonathan Edwards Fire and brimstoneFire and brimstone Emergences of Colleges (New Light Emergences of Colleges (New Light

Centers)Centers) Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and DartmouthPrinceton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth

B. CultureB. Culture

The American mindThe American mindSchools and CollegesSchools and CollegesBooks and LibrariesBooks and Libraries

Printing PressesPrinting PressesFranklin and PaineFranklin and Paine

Freedom of the PressFreedom of the PressZengerZenger


““Folkways”Folkways” Food plentiful “Lazy or sickly was the Food plentiful “Lazy or sickly was the

person whose stomach was empty”person whose stomach was empty” Comforts LackingComforts Lacking

No heaters, running water, plumbing, or No heaters, running water, plumbing, or bathtubs.bathtubs.

AmusementAmusement Militia MustersMilitia Musters Funerals and WeddingsFunerals and Weddings


SportsSports CardsCards Horse racingHorse racing DancingDancing

HolidaysHolidays Thanksgiving Day most commonly Thanksgiving Day most commonly

observedobserved

C. New immigrants C. New immigrants (1780)(1780)

Germans (7%)Germans (7%) Pennsylvania DutchPennsylvania Dutch

Scots-Irish (5%) Scot lowlandersScots-Irish (5%) Scot lowlanders Scottish (7%)Scottish (7%) English (49%)English (49%) African (19%)African (19%) Other Europeans (13%)Other Europeans (13%)

4. Road to Revolution, 4. Road to Revolution, 1754–17751754–1775A.A. Anglo-French rivalries and Seven Anglo-French rivalries and Seven

Years’ WarYears’ War

B.B. Imperial reorganization of 1763Imperial reorganization of 17631.1. Stamp ActStamp Act

2.2. Declatory ActDeclatory Act

3.3. Townshend ActsTownshend Acts

4.4. Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party

C.C. Philosophy of the RevolutionPhilosophy of the Revolution

Anglo-French rivalries Anglo-French rivalries and Seven Years’ Warand Seven Years’ War

King William’s War & Queen Anne’s WarKing William’s War & Queen Anne’s War No real troop support from England & FranceNo real troop support from England & France

Treaty of Utrecht (1713)Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Bad French/Spanish defeatBad French/Spanish defeat

Ohio ValleyOhio Valley Key for both British and FrenchKey for both British and French Fort System for the FrenchFort System for the French Virginia’s claim for the BritishVirginia’s claim for the British


Washington’s dubious startWashington’s dubious start Ft. Duquesne – defeats FrenchFt. Duquesne – defeats French Ft. Necessity – French defeat Washington Ft. Necessity – French defeat Washington

Seven Years’ WarSeven Years’ War Fought World wideFought World wide

British – Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, British – Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, RussiaRussia

War lost in EuropeWar lost in Europe France couldn’t support the N. America effortFrance couldn’t support the N. America effort


Colonists InvolvementColonists Involvement Disorganized Colonial involvement Disorganized Colonial involvement

initiallyinitially Confidence from fighting w/ BritishConfidence from fighting w/ British Showed British vulnerabilityShowed British vulnerability Friction toward British officersFriction toward British officers

Imperial reorganization Imperial reorganization of 1763of 1763

Stamp ActStamp ActUltimately created to Ultimately created to reimburse the British gov. for reimburse the British gov. for war costs.war costs.

One of ManyOne of ManySugar ActSugar ActQuartering ActQuartering Act


Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act Repeal of Stamp ActRepeal of Stamp Act Immediate follow-up with Immediate follow-up with

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act““To bind…in all cases To bind…in all cases whatsoever”whatsoever”

Inflamed ColonistsInflamed Colonists


Townshend ActsTownshend Acts Light duty on glass, lead, paper, and Light duty on glass, lead, paper, and

tea.tea. Indirect customs tax on importsIndirect customs tax on imports Colonists felt any tax was a burdenColonists felt any tax was a burden Paying for royal governors and judges.Paying for royal governors and judges.

Seemed particularly corruptSeemed particularly corrupt Led to nonimportation agreements and Led to nonimportation agreements and

increased smugglingincreased smuggling


Boston Massacre & Tea PartiesBoston Massacre & Tea Parties Death of Crispus AttucksDeath of Crispus Attucks John Adams as defense attorneyJohn Adams as defense attorney

Only two soldiers convicted / brandedOnly two soldiers convicted / branded Tea PartiesTea Parties

British monopoly was met with lack of British monopoly was met with lack of imports.imports.

No tea would reach the shore… exceptNo tea would reach the shore… except First unified resistanceFirst unified resistance


Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts Designed to punish Boston and Mass.Designed to punish Boston and Mass. Port ActPort Act

Closed Boston port till damages were paidClosed Boston port till damages were paid

Chartered rights taken awayChartered rights taken away Limits on town meetingsLimits on town meetings British soldiers tried in LondonBritish soldiers tried in London

Philosophy of the Philosophy of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Deep RootsDeep Roots Committees of CorrespondenceCommittees of Correspondence Who’s RevolutionWho’s Revolution Common SenseCommon Sense New “Republicanism”New “Republicanism”

Deep roots of the Deep roots of the RevolutionRevolution

New World fostered changeNew World fostered change No Dukes or princesNo Dukes or princes Americans “made it” on their ownAmericans “made it” on their own

RepublicanismRepublicanism Whig ideas on patronageWhig ideas on patronage

Committees of Committees of CorrespondenceCorrespondence

1st in Boston1st in Boston Started by Sam AdamsStarted by Sam Adams

GoalsGoals Spread spirit of resistance through lettersSpread spirit of resistance through letters

British ReactionBritish Reaction Most seditious action the colonists could Most seditious action the colonists could

taketake

Whose Revolution?Whose Revolution?

What was most responsible?What was most responsible? Political IdealsPolitical Ideals Social and economic realitiesSocial and economic realities

Common SenseCommon Sense American InconsistenciesAmerican Inconsistencies

Loyalty vs. FreedomLoyalty vs. Freedom Fear of RebellionFear of Rebellion ““God save the KingGod save the King

British actions needed a “common British actions needed a “common sense” approachsense” approach Burning of shipsBurning of ships Hiring of HessiansHiring of Hessians

New RepublicanismNew Republicanism No Despotic King or RulerNo Despotic King or Ruler All government jobs are derived from the All government jobs are derived from the

peoplepeople The collective good of “the people” The collective good of “the people”

mattered more then private interest.mattered more then private interest. Conservative Republicans Conservative Republicans

““natural aristocracy”natural aristocracy”

Debated for next 100 yearsDebated for next 100 years

The American Revolution The American Revolution (1775 - 1783)(1775 - 1783)

Continental CongressContinental Congress Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence The WarThe War Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Peace of ParisPeace of Paris Creating State GovernmentsCreating State Governments

Continental CongressContinental Congress Philadelphia 1774Philadelphia 1774 Met for almost 2 monthsMet for almost 2 months

55 delegates55 delegates

Defeated “home rule” propositionDefeated “home rule” proposition Creation of “Association”Creation of “Association”

Wanted to repeal offensive legislationWanted to repeal offensive legislation Not yet calling for independenceNot yet calling for independence

British Rejection of PetitionsBritish Rejection of Petitions

Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Richard Henry Lee moves for “free and Richard Henry Lee moves for “free and independent states” June 7, 1776independent states” June 7, 1776

Motion adopted July 2, 1776Motion adopted July 2, 1776 Explanation needed for the passed motionExplanation needed for the passed motion

Declaration approved July 4Declaration approved July 4 Cleared way for foreign aidCleared way for foreign aid Patriots were now rebelsPatriots were now rebels Inspiration around the worldInspiration around the world

The warThe war

1. French alliance1. French alliance 2. War and society; Loyalists2. War and society; Loyalists 3. War economy3. War economy

Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation

Peace of ParisPeace of Paris

Creating state Creating state governmentsgovernments

1. Political organization1. Political organization 2. Social reform: women, slavery2. Social reform: women, slavery

Documents

A. Chesapeake country John Rolfe - Tobacco King John Rolfe - Tobacco King 1619 – First Slaves sold to Jamestown 1619 – First Slaves sold to Jamestown Blacks