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A+ Certification Guide
Chapter 1
Technician Essentials and PC Anatomy
Chapter 1 Objectives
The Essential Parts of Any Computer:
– The vital components of a PC—an overview Hardware, Software, and Firmware:
– Explain how hardware, software, and firmware interact, and define the major types of software and utility programs.
Points of Failure:
– Learn about possible issues that could cause the computer to fail—for example, overheating, hard drive failure, or loose adapter cards.
The CompTIA Six-Step Troubleshooting Process PC Tools:
– Demonstrate how to assemble/disassemble the computer safely. Resources to prepare for the exam:
– Websites and exam resources.
Essential Parts of a Computer
Storage devices Motherboards Power supplies Processors/CPUs Memory Display devices Input, multimedia, and biometric devices Adapter cards Ports and cables Cooling systems
Front Side of PC
What Are All Those Connections and Lights For?
Motherboard Components
Figure 1-4
01fig04
Illustration: Please add callouts as indicated and initial-cap Proprietary.
Example: A Laptop PC Side View
Figure 1-5
01fig05Illustration: Please add callouts as indicated remove hyphen and space for DVD multioptical drive.
Example: A Laptop PC side view
Points of Failure Overheating:
– Failure of the fans in the power supply or those attached to the processor, northbridge chip, or video card can cause overheating.
Loose peripheral card:– A loose add-on card might not be detected by plug-and-play or might
have intermittent failures after installation.
Inability to start the computer:– Loose processor/memory module can prevent the computer from
starting.
Drive failures:– Improperly connected power or data cables, or improperly configured
jumper blocks, will not work properly.
Front panel failures:– Cables connecting the case switch, reset switch, and status lights.
Battery failure BIOS chip failure
Hardware, Software, and Firmware
Hardware:– Components that can generally be touched or seen.– Often a source of failure:
• Loose connections• Physical damage• Electrical damage (electrostatic, voltage spikes/surges)• Incompatibility of devices with other devices
Software:– Drivers used to control the hardware– Applications used to generate user data– Protocols to transmit data over the network– Internal/external commands to control the system
The CompTIA Six-Step Troubleshooting Process
Step Description
Step 1 Identify the problem.
Step 2 Establish a theory of probable cause. (Question the obvious.)
Step 3 Test the theory to determine the cause.
Step 4 Establish a plan of action to resolve the problem and implement the solution.
Step 5 Verify full system functionality and, if applicable, implement preventative measures.
Step 6 Document findings, actions, and outcomes.
Tools: Working Inside the PC
Opening the Case: Different manufacturers have different case access mechanisms. Protect your system against electrostatic discharge (ESD).
Common Tasks: Connecting internal and external data cables.
– Recheck periodically; can work loose over time. Installing a PCI card (for example, video or sound card). Replacing the power supply. Replacing the hard drive. Replacing the CD-ROM/DVD-ROM. Upgrading memory. Installing a USB support.
Illustration: This is a pick up of Figure 1-1 from "CompTIA A+ 220-701 and 220-702 Cert Guide“ 2e (ISBN: 978-0-7897-4790-7).
Figure 1-7
01fig07
Basic Tools for Assembly/Disassembly of Computers
Figure 1-8Illustration: This is a pick up of Figure 2-6 from "CompTIA A+ 220-701 and 220-702 Cert Guide“ 2e (ISBN: 978-0-7897-4790-7).
System and Testing Tools
Multimeter: AC/DC voltage Ohms Amperage
Power Supply Tester: Can save a motherboard from being ruined by a bad power
supply
Loopback plugs: Serial, network, and USB port testing
Network Testing Tools
Cable tester Punch-down tool Loopback plugs Toner probes Wire strippers Crimper
What Have You Learned?
Name four common hardware failures. How does the CPU receive data? What device has the IRQ with the highest priority? Why is it important to use ESD precaution? What is a resource conflict? How is software different from firmware?
Exercise
Activity 2.2: The motherboard and CPU.
Chapter 1Summary
Essential Parts of a Computer:– Motherboards, CPUs, video cards, and how to identify them.
Hardware, Software, and Firmware Points of Failure:
– Issues that could cause the computer to fail—for example, overheating, hard drive failure, or loose adapter cards.
Six-Step CompTIA Troubleshooting Process Working Inside Your PC:
– How to assemble/disassemble the computer safely.
Next Lesson: Chapter 2