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 A Centralized Energy-EfficientRouting Protocol for Wireless

Sensor Networks

Aamir Sharif 

Fawad Alam

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Introduction

There are many cluster- based routing 

protocols have been proposed in wireless

sensor networks, such as LEACH, LEACH -C and

PEGASIS.

In this paper, they propose a centralized

routing protocol called

Base Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering

Protocol (BCDCP).

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Energy-Efficient Routing:

Direct Transmissions

The greater the distance,the more energy required

Far away nodes die first 

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Energy-Efficient Routing:

Minimum Transmission

Energy

Nodes close to sinkroute more Packets

Close nodes die first 

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Energy-Efficient Routing:

Clustered

Only cluster heads send

Data to base- station

Nodes take in turn the

burden of sending to

base-station

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BCDCPBase-Station Controlled Dynamic Clustering Protocol

Centralized Protocol Base-Station is assumed to have energy and computing

power in abundance

Base-Station is assumed to know all the node locations

Nodes are assumed to have control over transmissionpower

Base-Station Gathers node energy levels

Clusters Nodes Creates TDMA  Schedule

Forms cluster head spanning tree

Only one cluster head forwards to base-station

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BCDCP

Setup Phase Choose two most separated

nodes from potentional cluster heads

Divide nodes based on proximity Balance clusters

Iterate

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BCDCP

Setup Phase Choose two most separated

nodes from potentional cluster heads

Devide nodes based on proximity Balance clusters

Iterate

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BCDCP

Setup Phase Choose two most separated

nodes from potentional cluster heads

Devide nodes based on proximity Balance clusters

Iterate

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BCDCP

Setup Phase Choose two most separated

nodes from potentional cluster heads

Devide nodes based on proximity Balance clusters

Iterate

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BCDCP

TDMA 

ScheduleMajor task for base station

Iterative cluster splitting algorithm

Data communication phase-Data gathering 

-Data fusion

-Data routing

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Simulation Result

Matlab (500 nodes 2J energy)

LE A CH

LE A CH-C PEG A SIS

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Results

40% energy reduction over LE A CH(-C)

In LE A CH cluster heads send directly to

base station Unbalanced Clusters

5% energy reduction over PEG A SIS

CH-to-CH routing out performes PEG A SIS(BCDCP has better neighbor distances)

Increasingly better with area increase

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Conclusion

The paper delivers as promised: Significant energy savings over LE A CH(-C)

Small, but still, improvement over PEG A SIS

Centralized Protocol PEG A SIS, all nodes global network knowledge

BCDCP, base station global network knowledge

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Future Work

Enable for nodes which cant reach thebase-station

A llow for mobile nodes