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Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
A Case Study of Life Cycle Analysis:
The National Paint and Coatings
Association/Product Stewardship Institute
LCA of Managing Leftover Latex Paint
David Allaway, Oregon DEQ
November 1, 2012
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Background
• Life cycle assessment (LCA) and cost benefit analysis
(CBA)
– One of 11 projects of the national paint dialog
• Work performed 2005 – 2009 . . .
. . . and not fully completed
• Funded by National Paint and Coatings Association (now
American Coatings Association)
• Tried to make major scoping and modeling decisions
using a consensus process between industry, government
• Scoping by Franklin Associates and ICF Consulting
• Work performed by ERG/Franklin Associates
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Key Scoping Decisions
• Focus on latex (not oil-based) paint: how to manage it?
• Six options:
– Consumer-based reuse
– Consumer-based “dry and dispose”
– Collection-based reuse
– Collection based recycling (consolidation)
– Collection-based recycling (reprocessing)
– Collection-based “dry and dispose”
• Evaluation of both “pure” methods (where all paint can be
managed by each option) and “modified” methods
(hybrids)
• Also evaluated limited vs. expanded infrastructure
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
A Critical Variable: Displacement of Virgin
Paint
• Displacement:
– The percent of recycled paint produced and sold
or redistributed into domestic markets that
replace the purchase of virgin paint
– NOT “the percent of virgin paint sales that are
reduced as a result of sales of recycled paint”
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Transport and use of recycled paint
Empty can recycling credit
Sorting/processing/intermediate transport/waste management
Collection and transport by generator
Draft Results: Greenhouse Gas Impacts
(Pure Methods)
kg
CO
2e
/10
00
ga
llon
s o
f le
fto
ve
r p
ain
t
309
3,823
8,917
1,645
Displacement*: 0% 0%
*Percent of recycled paint produced and sold or redistributed into domestic markets that replaces the purchase of virgin paint
Collection-
based recycling
(consolidation)
Collection-
based recycling
(reprocessing)
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Transport and use of recycled paint
Empty can recycling credit
Sorting/processing/intermediate transport/waste management
Collection and transport by generator
Draft Results: Greenhouse Gas Impacts
(Pure Methods)
kg
CO
2e
/10
00
ga
llon
s o
f le
fto
ve
r p
ain
t
309
3,823
-17
8,917
4,440
1,645
Displacement*: 0% 50% 0% 50%
*Percent of recycled paint produced and sold or redistributed into domestic markets that replaces the purchase of virgin paint
Collection-
based recycling
(consolidation)
Collection-
based recycling
(reprocessing)
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Draft Results: Greenhouse Gas Impacts
(Pure Methods)
kg
CO
2e
/10
00
ga
llon
s o
f le
fto
ve
r p
ain
t
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Transport and use of recycled paint
Empty can recycling credit
Sorting/processing/intermediate transport/waste management
Collection and transport by generator
309
3,823
-17
-3,856
8,917
4,440
-685
1,645
Displacement*: 0% 50% 100% 0% 50% 100%
*Percent of recycled paint produced and sold or redistributed into domestic markets that replaces the purchase of virgin paint
Collection-
based recycling
(consolidation)
Collection-
based recycling
(reprocessing)
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Draft Results: Greenhouse Gas Impacts
(Pure Methods)
kg
CO
2e
/10
00
ga
llon
s o
f le
fto
ve
r p
ain
t
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Transport and use of recycled paint
Empty can recycling credit
Sorting/processing/intermediate transport/waste management
Collection and transport by generator
309
3,823
-17
-3,856
8,917
4,440
-685
1,645
Displacement*: 0% 50% 100% 0% 50% 100%
*Percent of recycled paint produced and sold or redistributed into domestic markets that replaces the purchase of virgin paint
Collection-
based recycling
(consolidation)
Collection-
based recycling
(reprocessing)
So what is displacement actually? Metro (Portland) survey: 97%.
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Another Critical Variable: Allocation of
Collection (Self-Haul) Impacts
• Study assumed a wide variety of collection
(drop-off) points
– Co-collection with oil-based paint (treatment of
latex collection costs as marginal to oil-based
paint collection costs)
– Co-collection with other HHW
– Co-collection with other recyclables/solid waste
– Trip-chaining
• Percentage of trip burdens allocated to dropping
off latex paint estimated at 17 – 38%
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Draft Results: Greenhouse Gas Impacts
(Pure Methods)
kg
CO
2e
/10
00
ga
llon
s o
f le
fto
ve
r p
ain
t
-10000
-8000
-6000
-4000
-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Transport and use of recycled paint
Empty can recycling credit
Sorting/processing/intermediate transport/waste management
Collection and transport by generator
309
3,823
-17
-3,856
8,917
4,440
-685
1,645
Displacement*: 0% 50% 100% 0% 50% 100%
*Percent of recycled paint produced and sold or redistributed into domestic markets that replaces the purchase of virgin paint
Collection-
based recycling
(consolidation)
Collection-
based recycling
(reprocessing)
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Paint Study Outcomes
• Draft LCA report completed
• Draft CBA report not completed
• American Coatings Association stopped the
project, stating:
– “The draft report . . . (reinforces) the
importance of key input assumptions on LCA
(outcomes) . . . most notably the need for
viable markets for recycled paint products that
displace sales of new paint . . .”
– “. . . EPA-funded evaluation (of the Oregon
pilot project) . . . Will allow for refinement of
assumptions in future LCA and/or CBAs.”
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
A Few Other Considerations
(Not specific to paint)
• Boundaries and other assumptions can make
a big difference in outcomes!
• Look for:
– Clear statement of system boundaries
– Clear statement of cut-off rules (what’s
excluded because it is “too small”)
– Allocation (co-products)
– Treatment of biogenic carbon
– Treatment of recycling (and recycled content)
– Other key assumptions
• Look at contribution analysis to see where big
impacts are
– Critical review/ISO compliance
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
0 1 2 3 4
tap water
home/office delivery (HOD)
single use (Oregon)
single use (out of state)
0% P detergent
0.5% P detergent
8% P detergent
DEQ Drinking Water Study:
Life Cycle Eutrophication Potential
Pounds N equivalents per 1,000 gallons
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
An Accounting Wrinkle:
Recycling Allocation
• System 3 recycles its discards; System 4 uses them. Who “gets the credit”?
• If System 3 uses recycled content and recycles its discards, can it “get the credit” for both?
System
2
System
3
System
4
System
5
Product Stewardship Institute – Life Cycle Analysis (2012)
Thank You!
David Allaway
Oregon DEQ
(503) 229-5479
Toll Free in Oregon: (800) 452-4011