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A Brief History
of Computers
The Prehistoric Era
15,000,000,000 BC - 409 BC
When man learned to count
The Prehistoric Era
300,000 BC Everything had to be
portable in order to survive……….
50,000BC to 20,000 BC But once man decided to
settle, they started to collect things…. And started to count
The first thing man used to count with were
Fingers
Latin word “Digit” refers to a finger or toe….. It also refers to a numerical quantity.
As man collected more things he had to represent them different ways….. The word calculate is from the Latin word “calculus” which means
pebble
The Prehistoric Era continued
3000 BC The acabus
1900 BC Stonehenge as
a possible calendar
The Prehistoric Era continued
1500 BC The first clocks known as
water clocks
the oldest found in Egypt
300 BC Buddists used the first written symbols for
numbers
The Prehistoric Era continued
The Prehistoric Era continued
The first recorded use of the number “0” was at 600 AD
Interestingly Egyptians already used fractions in 5500 BC
The eye of Horus, an Egyptian deity of this
time. This was used to show fractions of hekat
(appr. 4.8 liters) a unit used to measure grain.
The Era of Antiquity 1620 - 1671
The era of calculator devices
The Era of Antiquity 1620 - 1671
Had multiple calculator devices that had no memory and no means to output the results other than dials or indicators
Ruler with logarithmic scales made by Gunter
First calculator with rotating gears to increase the tens position
First logarithmic slide rule
The Pre Industrial Era 1886-1899
Calculators that have single predefined purposes.
Extra important inventions and discoveries
The Pre Industrial Era 1886-1899
Alexander Graham Bell makes first sound recording 1886
1887 The first key driven adding machines were created
1888 The first calculator which does addition,subtraction, multiplication and division
1892 First adding machines
that also print out
Electromechanical adding
and sorting machine
(used punch cards)
The Pre Industrial Era 1886-1899
The Pre Industrial Era 1886-1899
1898 Valdemar Poulsen invents a magnetic wire on
which data can be recorded. The principles of this invention lead to magnetic
tapes and hard disk drives
Sir Joseph John Thomson discovers the electron.
The Industrial Era (1947-)
The start of “Real” computers
The Industrial Era (1947-)
1947 the first transistors
were created
The first generation of
modern programmed
electronic computers
was built with functioning
RAM
The Industrial Era (1947-)
Computers required more than one floor and were huge!!! Transistors
Burnt out often
The Industrial Era (1947-)
1953 First mass produced computer by IBM Had 1 kB of RAM
The Industrial Era (1947-)
1958 the first integrated circuit was built
This replaced transistors on computers.
1972 the first video arcade game was created by Atari created the game Pong.
The Industrial Era (1947-)
1981 The first portable personal computers were available Price $3000 IBM 5150 PC 4.77 MHz 8 bit 8088 CPU from Intel 64KB RAM, 40KB ROM, one 5.25-inch floppy drive (160KB capacity)
"640K ought to be enough for anybody." Bill Gates
The Industrial Era (1947-)
Companies that existed 1981….. Apple IBM MicroSoft Xerox
Microsoft flight
simulator 1982
3.5” floppy by Sony (’82 – 280kB)
Sun, Compaq and Epson started in 1982
8” floppy disk (’71 – 79.7kB)
5.25” floppy disk (’76 – 87.5kB)
The Industrial Era (1947-)
IBM generation of computers (CPU) 8088 80286 with 8086 chip 80386 80486
$4000 in1993
Pentium P2, P3, P4 Dual Core Tri & Quad Core etc
The Industrial Era (1947-)
1985: Windows 1.0
First popular programming language in schools (1981/82) Basic
Resource
http://www.thocp.net/timeline/timeline.htm