A BRIEF A BRIEF HISTORYHISTORY

OF THE USA

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE U.S.0 The colonial era (1607-1776)0 A new nation (1776)0 The Civil War (1861-1865)0 19th Century0 WWI (1914-1918)0 WWII (1939-1945)0 The Vietnam War0 The Cold War (1945 – 1991)0 The Gulf War (8/1990 – 2/1991)0 The War against terrorism (since 2001)0 War in Iraq (3/2003 – 12/2011)

THE COLONIAL ERA

0 First English colony:

Jamestown, Virginia

(1607)

0 1620: Plymouth,

Massachusetts (by

Puritans)

0 1636: Roger William

formed Rhode Island

THE COLONIAL ERA

01733 - 13 colonies found: Massachusetts, Rhode

Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York,

Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia,

Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

0The French: Canada, Louisiana, & the Mississippi

watershed

01763: Seven Years’ War with France ended.

England vs. the Colonies

0 “No taxation without representation”

0 Taxes

0 Lodging of soldiers

01773: The Boston Tea Party

0April 19, 1775: war broke out

0 July 4, 1776: Declaration of Independence

THE REVOLUTIONARY WAR (1775 – 1783)

01777: Saratoga, New York

0France = alliance

01781: Yorktown, Virginia

01783: Treaty of Paris: England recognized

American Independence.

A NEW NATION

0 Two principles

0 religious freedom

0 separation between the church

and the state

0 Government = 3 branches (>< fear

of excessive central power)

0 Legislative (Congress)

0 Executive (the president & the

federal agencies)

0 Judicial (Federal court)

WHO ARE THEY?

G.W. & T. J.

0George Washington

0 1st President

0 Strong president &

Central Government

0Thomas Jefferson

0 3rd President

0 More power to the

states

0 Purchased Louisiana

from France the

Rocky Mountains

SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR

“Overseer Artayou Carrier whipped me. I was two months in bed sore from the whipping. My master come after I was whipped; he discharged the overseer.”

SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR

“The being of slavery, its soul and its body, lives and moves in the chattel principle, the property principle, the bill of sale principle: the cart-whip, starvation, and nakedness are its inevitable consequences.”

- James W.C. Pennington

SLAVERY & THE CIVIL WAR

0 “All men are created equal” >< 1.5 million slaves

01820: Should slavery be allowed in western/ new

territories?

01860: Abraham Lincoln elected president

0 11 states left the Unions the Confederate States of

America

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

01809 – 1865; 16th president

0A foe of slavery

01863: passed the

Emancipation Proclamation

free all slaves in the

Confederacy

01865: assassinated

THE CONFEDERATE STATES

THE CIVIL WAR

Which one was

- the beloved general of the South?

- the symbol of Union victory?

Robert E. Lee

[1807-1870]

Ulysses S. Grant

[1822, 1885]

Key Figures

THE CIVIL WAR

01861: The War broke out

01863: Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

01865: the war ended

0 Put an end to slavery

0 The country = an indivisble whole instead of a collection

of semi-independent states

GONE WITH THE WIND

There was a land of Cavaliers and Cotton Fields called the Old South. Here in this pretty world, Gallantry took its last bow. Here was the last ever to be seen of Knights and their Ladies Fair, of Master and of Slave. Look for it only in books, for it is no more than a dream remembered, a Civilization gone with the wind...

19th Century

0Andrew Johnson(1808-

1875)

017th President (1865 –

1869)

0The first president to be

impeached

19th Century

0The U.S. became a leading industrial power

0 1869: first Continental Railroad completed

0 Electrical Industry flourished

0 John D. Rockefeller: Standard Oil Company = richest

man in America

0 Andrew Carnegie: steel mills

0 Louis Sullivan: skyscraper

19th CenturyJohn D.

Rockefeller [1839-1937],

American industrialist. At its peak, Rockefeller's

personal fortune was estimated at almost $1 billion. The total amount

of his philanthropic

contributions was about $550

million.

John D. Rockefeller

[1839-1937], American

industrialist. At its peak, Rockefeller's

personal fortune was estimated at almost $1 billion. The total amount

of his philanthropic

contributions was about $550

million.

Andrew Carnegie [1835-1919], American industrialist and philanthropist, who, at the age of 33, when he had an annual income of $50,000, said, “Beyond this never earn, make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes.”

Andrew Carnegie [1835-1919], American industrialist and philanthropist, who, at the age of 33, when he had an annual income of $50,000, said, “Beyond this never earn, make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes.”

MONOPOLY & TRUSTS

01887: The Interstate Commerce Commission: control

railroad rates

01890: The Sherman Antitrust Act: ban trusts

19th CENTURY LABOR

01886: The American Federation of Labor: coalition of

skilled laborers

0Heavy immigration many workers were foreign-

born

0Hard time for farmers

19th CENTURY EXPANSION

01867: purchase of Alaska

01890s: a new spirit of expansion a duty to “civilize”

the peoples of Asia, Africa, and Latin America

01898: the Spanish War The States gained Cuba, the

Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

0Acquired Hawaiian Islands

19th CENTURY EXPANSION

01902: American troops left Cuba; naval bases granted

to the U.S.

01907: The Philippines obtained limited self-

government 1946: complete independence

0Puerto Rico = a self-governing commonwealth

01959: Hawaii became a state

THE PROGRESSIVE MOVEMENT

0 About 1900

0 To reform society through government action

0 Settlement houses established to provide the poor with health

services and recreation

0 End to sale of liquor demanded

0 Corruption fought; public transportation regulated;

municipally owned utilities built

0 Laws passed to restrict child labor, limit work days, and

provide compensation for injured workers

WWI & Pre-Great Depression

0WWI erupted in Europe in 1914: Woodrow Wilson

urged a policy of strict neutrality

01917: Congress declared war on Germany

0Nov. 11, 1918: armistice declared

01919: Wilson came to Paris to draft the peace treaty

Woodrow Wilson

028th president of the U.S. (1913-1921)

0Enacted reform legislation

0Led the U.S. during WWI

0Promoted the formation of the League of Nations (United Nations)

01919 Nobel Prize for Peace

1920s – 30s

0 The U.S. withdrew from European affairs

0 Hostile to foreigners

0 1919: First “Red Scare”

0 1921: immigrations limit enacted

0 1924, 1929: immigrations further tightened – favor given to immigrants from Anglo-Saxons and Nomadic countries

0 1920s = The age of Prohibition

0 The Roaring Twenties: jazz, silent movies, fads

1920s – 30s

0 Ku Klux Klan: terrorized

blacks, Catholics, Jews

and immigrants

Klan members at a rally during the 1920's

1920s-30s Golden Year for Business

THE GREAT DEPRESSION

0 1929: the stock market crashed worldwide depression

0 1932: Industrial production cut in half; wages cut by 60%; 25% workers unemployed

“The only thing we have to fear is fear itself”

0Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 –

1945)

032nd President (1933-1945)

04 terms in office

0New Deal

NEW DEAL PROGRAMS1. CCC – Civilian Conservation Corps: building

public works, structures and trails in parks

2. CWA - Civil Works Administration: create jobs in construction

3. FHA – Federal Housing Agency: mortgages and housing conditions

4. FSA: Federal Security Agency: social security, education funding, food & drug safety

5. HOLC – Home Owner’s Loan Cooperation: refinancing of homes

6. NRA – National Recovery Act: bring the working class & business together

NEW DEAL PROGRAMS

7. PWA – Public Works Administration: create public works

8. SSA – Social Security Act: combat poverty among seniors

9. TVA – Tennessee Valley Authority: develop economy in Tennessee

10. WPA – Work Progress Administration: provided jobs across the

nation

WWII

0 1939: the War broke out

0 1941: the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor

0 D-Day (June 6, 1944): Allied forces landed in Normandy

0 May 5, 1945: the Germans surrendered

0 8/1945: the war against Japan ended after Hiroshima &

Nagasaki nuclear bombings

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

0200,000 civilians were killed

Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air.

The “Good War”"Dear Madam: I have been shown in the files of the War Department a statement of the Adjutant-General of Massachusetts that you are the mother of five sons who have died gloriously on the field of battle. I feel how weak and fruitless must be any words of mine which should attempt to beguile you from the grief of a loss so overwhelming. But I cannot refrain from tendering to you the consolation that may be found in the thanks of the Republic they died to save. I pray that our heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom. Yours very sincerely and respectfully, Abraham Lincoln."

Harry S. Truman

0 33rd President, commander in chief of the U.S. forces during WWII

0 Decided to drop the two atomic bombs

0 Founded NATO0 Initiated the foreign policy

of containing Communism0 “The buck stops here” vs.

“Passing the buck”

THE COLD WAR (1945-1991)0Historical contexts:

0 The United Nations was established & the U.S. joined

0 Soviet forces imposed dictatorships in Eastern Europe

0 Germany was divided

0 1949: NATO formed (12 countries)

0 1950: North Korea invaded South Korea 1953: Korea

divided

THE COLD WAR0 1945 – 1 970: long period of

economic growth for America

0 1960: John. F. Kennedy elected

0 Apr. 1961: the Soviets sent the first man into orbit around the Earth

0 1962: The Soviet Union installed nuclear missile in Cuba

0 1963: Kennedy assassinated

0 July 1969: Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon

THE VIETNAM WAR

0Presidents: Kennedy, Johnson, Nixon

0 Escalation

0 Quagmire

0 Vietnamization

0 “An effort to check on Communism in all fronts”

Anti-Vietnam War Movement

DECADES OF CHANGES0 26 years of Democratic control after WWII

0 1980: Republican Ronald Reagan: big federal government, high federal taxes

0 Long period of economic growth

0 The revelation: the U.S. secretly sold arms to Iran

0 1988: George Bush

01990-1991: The Gulf War

0 1992: Bill Clinton: normalization of diplomatic relations with Vietnam

DECADES OF CHANGES

0Debates

0 Federal government vs. decentralization of power

0 Church included or separated from state

0 Ways of dealing with crimes

0Troubling trends

0 Downsizing of corporations

0 Decline in quality of life, in the strength of the family, and in neighborliness and civility

Beginning of the 21st Century

0Beginning of 2001: economic

recession

0September 11, 2001: terrorist

attacks on

0 The World Trade Center

0 The Pentagon

Ground Zero

September 11

0 Who is this man?

0 What is al-Qaeda?

0 What is “jihad”?

0 What’s Taliban?

0 What happened on May 2,

2011?

THE WAR ON TERRORISM

0A coalition of nations formed to fight terrorism: NATO

& key neighbors of Afghanistan: Pakistan & India

0October 2001: America went to war with Afghanistan

THE WAR IN IRAQ0 1990-1991: Gulf War (response to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait);

Saddam Hussein still in power

0 1998: Iraq announced that it would no longer cooperate with the

U.N. on disarmament

0 2002: Bush administration put a new focus on Iraq as part of its

war against terrorism

0 2003: America & Britain claimed that Iraq was not cooperating

with UN weapons inspectors

0 March 2003: US-led forces invaded Iraq

0 Dec. 18, 2011, the last U.S. troops left Iraq

What points is the cartoon making?What points is the cartoon making?

Bush Administration(2001-2009)

0Tax cuts

0Education reform: established performance standards

for public schools

0Extended role for church-based charities in running

social programs

0The Afghan War & the War in Iraq