ABriefGuidetoPipeFlanges

TheFlangeisanexternalorinternalrimforstrength,astheflangeismadeupofironbeamsuchasIbeamsoraTbeam,oritiswidelyusedforattachmenttoanotherobjectastheflangeontheendofthepipe,steamcylinder,etc.Theflangeisalsousedforasortoftool, whichisusedtoformflanges.Thepipescanbeassembled&dissembledveryeasily.

Inordertoformarimattheendofthepipe,aflangecanalsobeaplateorringwhenfastenedoffthepipe,forinstance,aclosetflange.Theblindflangeistheplateforcoveringorclosingtheendofthepipe.Theflangeisaconnectionofpipesinthattheconnectingpipeshaveflangesbywhichthepartsarelatchedjointly.Thewordflangeisgenerallyreferredtotheactuallyraisedrimorlipofafitting,andsomanyflangesplumbingfittings, whichareknownasflanges.ThemostcommonlyflangesthatareusedinplumbingaretheSurreyflange,Yorkflangethatisusedtofitatthetopofthehotwatertankthatisallowingallthewatertobetakenwithoutdisturbancetothetank.Thesearealsousedtoensureanevenflowofwatertotheshowers.

PipeFlanges

TheFlangesuppliersIndia,therearenumeroustypesofpipeflangestandardstobefoundacrosstheworld.Inordertoalloweasyfunctionalityaswellasinterchangeability,whichare designed to have standard dimensions. The common world standards includeANSI/ASME,BS10,etc.TherearesomanyformsofpipeflangesthatareusedinthepipingsystemsdependinguponthePTrating,fluid,thematerialofconstruction,connectingtype,etc.Herearethetypesofflangesusedinpipingbasedonfacing

FlatFace(FF)Flanges RaisedFace(RF)Flanges MaleFemale(MF)FaceFlanges TongueGrooveFaceFlanges RingTypeJoint(RTJ)Flanges

FlatFace(FF)FlangesThiskindofflangesisusedwhenthecounterflangesareofflatface.Theyarechieflyusedattheconnectiontocastironequipment,valves&specialties.Thissortofflangehasagasketsurfaceinthesameplaneastheboltingcircleface.

RaisedFace(RF)FlangesThepipeflangesaremostcommonlyusingone.ThethicknessofRFflangesfor150#and300#areenclosedinthespecifiedrangethicknessaswellasforhigherratingthattheyarenotincludedintheflangethickness.

MaleFemale(MF)FaceFlangesThiskindofflangesareabetterversionofRF(RaisedFace)flanges.

TongueGrooveFaceFlangesTheseflangesareonethemostreliablekindofflangejoint,nevertheless,thatareexpensiveascomparedtootherflanges.

RingTypeJoint(RTJ)Flanges Thiscategoryisoneofthemostreliablekindsofflangejoint,however,theyarecostlierthanothers.Itiscommonlyusedinhighpressureand/orhightemperatureservicesabove800degreesF(427degreesC).

PipeJointMethods&Classification

TheFlangejointisoneofthemethodsofpipejoints.ThePipeFlangesareusedatplaces whereinstruments,piping,equipment,valves,etc.,whicharerequiredtobedismantledformaintenance.Thisisanassemblyofthreedifferentcomponentssuchasgaskets,flanges&boltingsbroughttogetherinapropermannerwiththehelpofsomeexternalsources.Thespecializedmeasureswillbeconsideredinselection&applicationofeachcomponentofthejointsinordertoachieveacceptableleaktightness.

Normally,theflangesaremadeupofforgingonlyinsomecasesthatitcanbefabricatedfromplatesbyflangesmanufacturersIndia.OnlyBlindflanges&reducingflangecanbefabricatedfromaweldablequalityplatesinASMEB16.5.Herearethemostcommonlyusedflangematerialsthatareasbelow:ASTMA105ForgedCarbonSteelASTMA350ForgedAlloySteelforLowTemperatureServicesASTMA181ForgedCarbonSteelforGeneralPurposeASTMA182ForgedAlloySteelandStainlessSteel

DiverseMethodsofClassificationofPipeFlangesare:

PipeFlangesbasedonPipeAttachmentThereisonewaytoclassifyflangesisthattheirkindofattachmentstothepipe

SocketWeldFlanges SliponFlanges LapJointFlanges BlindFlanges ReducingFlanges WeldingneckFlanges ThreadedFlanges

PipeFlangesbasedonPT(PressureTemperature)RatingThatisbasedonPTratingtheflangesareclassifiedas150#,300#,400#,600#,900#1500#,2500#

ThePTratingchartsarespecifiedinASMEB16.5thatspecifytheworkingpressurethata flangecanwithstandat a particular temperature by flange suppliers India. Well, theindicatedpressureclassof150#&300#andsoon,thatisthebasicratings.Theflangescanwithstandhigherpressureatlowertemperatures.

ASMEB16.5it indicatestheallowablepressurefordiversematerialsofconstructionatdiversetemperature.

PipeFlangesbasedonFacing Diverserangeofflangesfacingusedinthepipesystem,dependingonthefluid,materialofconstruction,PTrating,connectionequipment,etc.,byflangesmanufacturersIndia.

RTJ(RingTypeJoint)Flanges RF(RaisedFace)Flanges MaleFemale(M/F)FacesFlanges FlatFaceFlanges Tonguegroove(T/G)Flanges

PipeFlangesbasedonFaceFinish

StockFinishThiskindofflangesisusedwithnonmetalgaskets.Theallowableroughnessforthiskindofflangesis250500or5001000microinchAARH.

ExtraSmoothFinishThiskindofflangesisusedwithmetalRTJ&T/Gflanges.However,themaximumallowableroughnessforthiskindofflangeis63microinchAARH.

Smooth/SerratedFinish It isusedwithmetalorspiralwoundgaskets. Theallowableroughnessare125250microinchAARH.

PipeFlangesbasedonSerrations

SpiralSerrationsItisgenerallyusedtypeserrations.

ConcentricSerrationsItisusedwheretheconveyingfluidishighlyflammableortoxicorlowermolecularweightgas.

ComponentsUsedinPipingSystems

Anassemblyofvariouscomponentsthatputtogetherwithaproperwaysofjointsiscalledaspipingsystems.Thedifferentcomponentsputtogetheraredefinedasthecomponentsofthepiping.Designedforwithstandingtheoperating&designconditionsspecifiedintheprocessparameters. Thecomponents inpipingsystemsareusedas:Pipe,PipeFittings,Gaskets,Flanges,Valves,BoltingsandSpecialties.

TypesofPipeare:Welded,Seamless,Forged&Bored,StainlessSteel,CarbonSteel,LowAlloySteelandLowTemperatureCarbonSteel.

DiverseMethodsofPipeJoints: SocketWeld,Flanged,Screwed,ButtweldandSpigotSocket.