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A Bioquest Project: August 2009Solving the Limitations of Endosperm Breakdown by Beta-Amylase in Barley Plants to make Beer
Authors:
Jason HarrisUniversity of Tennessee- Knoxville
Jianzhuang YaoUniversity of Tennessee- Knoxville
2009 Skills for Success WorkshopPEER: Program for Excellence and Equity in Research
Research Problem
Our assignment is to think like a plant biologist and suggest a research plan for improving maltose production via barley plant genetics.
Background
The starch rich endosperms of barley plants are broken down by their native beta-amylase into maltose sugar. The availability of this sugar for yeast’s metabolism is a limiting factor for the beer brewing process.1
Amylases in the brewery
Adding barley seeds to water is an important step in beer-making.
The seeds germinate and maltose (a disaccharide) is eventually produced from starch by beta-amylase that is abundant in barley. The success of "malting“ directly affects the resulting alcohol yield.
http://plantphys.info/plants_human/seedgerm.shtml
Solution
An alpha-amylase from the fungus Penicillium expansum has been shown to produce maltose at significantly increased levels to other known amylases, as high as 70% conversion.
Transfer of this P. expansum a-amylase gene into the barley plant would theoretically increase the maltose yield by allowing the continued expression of native beta-amylase and the additional expression of P. expansum a-amylase. 2
Procedures
Cloning of P. expansum a-amylase gene into a gene-transferring bacteria.
Transfer of P. expansum a-amylase into barley plant.
Experimental validation of increased maltose production in successfully transferred P. expansum a-amylase.
Patent seeds and make $$$ from barley farmers :p
References
Ethel D. Stanley and Keith D. Stanley. “Looking into Glycosidases: A Bioinformatics Resource for Biology Students.” Version 1.2 (8/1/2000). Modified (8/5/2009). Bioquest.org/peer 2009. 8/6/2009.
Evelyn M. Doyle, Catherine T. Kelly, and William M. Fogarty. “The high maltose-producing a-amylase of Penicillium expansu.” Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (1989) 30:492-496.