A Bionic Eye

7/28/2019 A Bionic Eye

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SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

BIONIC EYE

PRESENTED BY:

VIBHA

MAHAJAN

361/08

AE&I


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VISUAL PERCEPTION

1.The ability to interpret information &

surroundings from the effects of visible light

reaching the eyes.

2.The resulting perception is also known

as eyesight, sight, orvision.


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BLINDNESS

Means inability to see OR imperfect sight of normaleye.

CAUSES:

Damage to :1 Clear structures in the eye ,that allows the light

to pass through.

2 The nerves with in the eye3 Optic nerve

4 brain


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NORMAL EYE

Sight is a process made possible by many parts of

the eye working together. We can compare the

working of the eye with a camera.


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WORKING OF NORMAL EYE Light enters the eye Bending of light through cornea and passes to pupil.

Pupil adjusts the amount of light entering the eye. Light

rays bends due to lens and focused on retina.

The retina is covered in an array of tiny rods andcones, light-sensing cells through which light is

converted into pulses of electricity for the brain to read

and transform into an image.


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EYE DISORDERS

Refractive Errors: Refractive errors occur when thecurve of the cornea is irregularly shaped.

1 MYOPIA: Nearsightedness is when light entering the

eye is focused incorrectly, making distant objects appearblurred.


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2 HYPEROPIA:

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is the opposite of myopia.

Distant objects are clear, and close-up objects appear

blurry. With hyperopia, images focus on a point beyond the

retina.

fig :hyperopia disorder


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RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA:

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of

genetic eye conditions that leads to incurable blindness. Inthe progression of symptoms for RP,night

blindness generally precedes tunnel vision.

Fig : retinitis pigmentosa disorder


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MACULAR DEGENERATION:

The macula is the central portion of the retina and isresponsible for detailed vision and color vision, the vision we

use to read, thread a needle, sign a check, or recognize

faces.

The macula is a highly specialized part of the nervous

system and the eye in which the photoreceptors that react to

light stimulus and the neurons that interpret and transmit

these signals are precisely organized and densely

compacted.

It is the macula that allows humans to see , or an eagle tospot a small rodent on the ground hundreds of feet below.


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THE SOLUTION - BIONIC EYE?

Bio electronic eye

Electronic device which replaces functionality of a part of

eye.

The bionic eye will be effective for individuals who are not

blind by birth.

This technique will prove beneficial for many people

deprived of their vision in the near future

Will assist people suffering from macular degeneration &retinitis i mentos.


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The bionic eye consists

of three elements:

1. A miniature camera

2. A pair of dark glasses whichtransmits images to a radioreceived implanted next to thepatients eye.

3. A tiny chip of silicon andplatinum (4mm sq) that sits onthe retina.

ELEMENTS OF BIONIC EYE


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The chips electrodes stimulate the ganglion cells that transmit visual

information to the optic nerve and onwards to the brain, which can

then construct a visual image.

1: Camera on glasses views image

2: Signals are sent to hand-held device

3: Processed information is sent back to glasses and wirelessly

transmitted to receiver under surface of eye

4: Receiver sends information to electrodes in retinal implant

5: Electrodes stimulate retina to send information to brain


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BIONIC EYE SYSTEM

Mock up design of camera mounted

on a pair of sunglasses to be

worn by the patient


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RESEARCH WORK1. Argus Retinal Prosthesis by Mark Humayun and

Eugene DeJuan :

Their first generation implant had 16 electrodes and

was implanted in 6 subjects between 2010 and 2011, 5

of whom are successfully using it .

More recently, the company announced to begin a trial

of its first generation, 100 electrode implant.

2. Artificial Silicon Retina (ASR):

The brothers Alan Chow and Vincent Chow havedeveloped a microchip containing 3500 photo diodes,

which detect light and convert it into electrical

impulses, which stimulate healthy retinal ganglion

cells. The ASR requires no externally-worn devices.


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RESULT OF BIONIC EYE TREATMENT:


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THE RESOLUTION CHALLENGE:
http://www.gizmag.com/australian-bionic-eye-prototype-blind-vision/14680/picture/112936/


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MARKET STATUS:

Developing a bionic eye for human use is a major

project, but we believe that by 2012 we will be

ready to undertake the first clinical trials of the first

advanced prototype. We plan to have a prototypeready for commercial development by 2014.

If the research progresses well, a device could be

on the market early in 2014 at a likely cost of about

15,000.


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DISADVANTAGES

Not useful for patients who are blind by birth.

Not useful for glaucoma patients.


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FUTURE PROSPECTS

Researchers throughout the world have looked forways to improve people's lives with artificial, bionicdevices.

Bionic devices are being developed to do more than

replace defective parts.

Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses.

Further improvements are expected to follow withinfive to seven years, with a 1000-electrode implantthat will enable previously blind people to see .

We are now looking at devices like bionic arms,tongues, noses etc


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Documents

A Bionic Eye